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ROLLUP: Redtober Is Here | AI Debt Fears | $102M Ledger Attack | Richard Heart Arrested

October 16, 20260 comments♥ 0
00:03 Bankless Nation, it is the third week of downtober. We are not getting up tober. It looks like October is not on the menu. It kind of was the same exact thing that happened last year. Happy one year anniversary, Ryan, this week of 1010. That happened one year and five days ago. Wow. It's been a while. You said this was like last year, but last year was a lot worse than this.
00:27 I'd just like to say, I mean, we're not down that much. Like last year was like the end of Crypto's Fort Seych. started with a hint of bullishness and then quickly rose to be very, very red. And so that is a repeat of last year. We're turning red. Last year, Bitcoin started at like $120,000 and then ended at like $80,000 or $90,000 or something.
00:52 And we started this month, or even last month, and we're ending $80,000 last month. And so the direction of travel is quite different. Every month we start out, with the roll-ups saying the words, October, curses the month, okay? And it's bound to be a downtoper instead.
01:11 Or like a blood red toper. Everyone in crypto does that. In addition to downtober in the crypto markets, we also got a flush coming out of the AI sector of the traditional stock markets, both in the United States' equities markets, but also the Korean stock market, Korean stock market down 23% blowing back into the NASAC
01:31 and the S&P. The AI credit, part of the AI infrastructure buildout starting to show some cracks and maybe it's blowing back into Bitcoin, into crypto, or maybe not. Ryan has a take.
01:43 I do have a take on that. I don't know if it's the best informed take, but I do have a take, David. Also, I have a take on the attack on the ledger wallet supply chain. Okay, somebody was implementing a spy sort of device
01:56 inside of ledger wallets, the hardware wallets you guys know that would read your seed phrase during setup and beam it to some hackers that would then steal your funds, over 100 million in funds stolen this way. How deep does this attack go? We're also going to talk about the Bank of America. Apparently, they had been ignoring some suspicious activity, a little bit of terrorism, a little bit of drug cartels, money laundering. It's a little bit of crime. Yeah, $5 billion worth and they were fined by Finson this week. CZ has some thoughts on that fine.
02:33 actually, having been there before. What else we got? Richard Hart. We have not talked about that name in a very, very, very long time. Good riddance as well. Was arrested in Istanbul on an Interpol red notice. The law finally caught up to him. We're going to talk about the saga and how it all concludes.
02:50 And I have a take about the hexicans that I want to share with you as well. That's great. I can't wait. And then we're also, I'm going to talk to Ryan about paper trade. Yeah, what is this thing? What the heck is this thing? I know Ryan has been just dying to get his hands. hands on a way to go 1,000 X long in any particular direction.
03:07 So we're going to talk about what has been like in paper trade 10 days in or so. But let's start in the crypto markets. Bitcoin is down 2.5% on the week to 82,500. I think we're actually are recovering a little bit at the time of recording, at least some of the down market coins. But overall down 2% on the week. I think there was a lot of bullishness as the Bitcoin price broke through the previous May highs of this year into $85,87,000.
03:39 We are now below the May highs, and so people are now worried about, I don't think we're worried about setting a lower low, but I think people are worried about setting a higher low, but going down nonetheless. Like the whole Ben Cowan-Barrish until the midterms take seems to be coming back into focus, back into view. I thought he reversed on that, though.
04:00 He did reverse on that, right? He didn't quite reverse on it. He said that he was wrong about getting new highs above the May highs, but he still held out, like, room for, like, the midterms could still be rough. I was just wrong about having, like, a new high set in this year. Yeah, well, maybe this is part of a midterm sell-off, of course. So on polymarket, it's 64% chance the Democrats take the Senate right now, a 91% chance the Democrats take the House. So this could be a blue sweep coming in early November. You can imagine that the crypto assets want that.
04:39 Over the last month or so, we have to have seen like Bitcoin and other crypto assets just price in a Democrat win, right? Yeah, I wonder. But I mean, like, why would that be so negative for crypto at this point? I could understand why a, you know, a crypto disparaging president would be incredibly negative for crypto, but it's not like we have any laws in Congress, right? Clarity's dead. Sure. What does crypto have? Yeah, I don't know that this would be so bearish for crypto. Yeah, I mean, traders could just be trading it, right? Like, I agree with you, the fundamental
05:14 analysis. I don't think the Democrats are going to come in and be like, all right, let's rip everything about crypto out. I don't think they care that much. They're mostly indifferent to crypto at this point. Yeah, they're focused on AI right now. Yeah, they're focused. AI is like taking all of the flack. Yeah. Yeah, it really has. I was going to say, I think because part of the reason the vibe seems so down this week is not just because of Bitcoin. This is only actually off 2.5%. It's because of the rest of the alt market has continued to sell off.
05:42 We started seeing that in the beginning of October, and that has persisted, eat down 7.5% on the week. But if you look at Seoul, Zek, hype, near another 10% down, and that's stacking on what, the 10%, 15% down from last week, what's happening in the altcoin market, right? now. Yeah, I guess using Bitcoin as a barometer for the market isn't really that useful these days because Bitcoin has just been really slow. A lot of the activity has been down market in some of those coins that you've mentioned. Near, in the last like two hours, so we are recording right now at 1130 a.m. Eastern Time on Thursday. In the last two hours, some tokens have had a rebound in strength. So VVVV is up 10% on the day. NIR is actually back up above above $5. And so there's definitely been some strengths in the market, not everywhere.
06:30 Pump and LIT are both down 20%. Hype is down 10%, Zcash down 10%. And so it continues to be a flush from some of the strongest assets in the market, but you're still seeing some strength. Do you remember what 2023 felt like? That was the early bull of last cycle. I'm going to you to teleport your mind back there. But we still felt like shit.
06:53 That's right. That's right. That was sort of the point Michael NATO made this week in the DFI report, and he looked at this number, which is so in blue, you see the 50 week moving average for Bitcoin and the Bitcoin price in purple. And at the time of inflection, the same point at which we saw this time where things started to flip early bull bullish, we did stay above the 50 week moving average, which is about 78K Bitcoin. So if we stay above the 50 week moving average, and the average will go down, a little bit more. little bit over time, that would still mean a Bitcoin over 75K. That said, though, there was about seven months of oscillation, of sideways action, of like we might call it Bart's on the charts, right, where it held this very narrow range. We had two times 17% corrections on Bitcoin and just seven months of absolute chop, even though it was the early bull market in 2023. So that's kind of the way early bull markets feel.
08:00 They feel sideways. It's like Schrodinger's market. Like, is it a bull market? It's a bear market. You just don't know until hindsight. Yeah. So still my base case is that we have broken the back of the bear market that we're not going back.
08:13 For sure. We are not setting a lower low. We are not going down the low that we said a couple months ago. Exactly. But that doesn't mean like the good times are huge. and like it's all, you know, going to be sunshine and rainbows and easy from here on now.
08:26 That's not what the early bull market actually has been in the past. That's not what it feels like. So we're probably continuing to just maintain that trend. Yeah, yeah. There are some just idiosyncrasies. Like this is a new cycle.
08:41 We are in a new era of crypto. Everyone feels it. We're in like the product era. It is interesting to me that like, one big story of this last flush or so, the last two weeks is like what are the tokens that have really spawned this boost in crypto morale that are up anywhere between four and 10x from the bottom like a VVV at $24 right now was $1.5.9 months ago, you know, Zcash was $50, $12, 14 months ago. So some of these tokens are a bigly.
09:13 Like lit for example was a dollar. Now it's at $3, touch $5.5.5. Revenue generating assets other than Zcash. Revenue generating assets are all up very, very big. Hype, the big one has been up very, very big. It's all revenue generating. And that those assets really change the whole tie, the whole morale of the rest of the market. And two weeks ago, even last week, it really kind of did the euthanasia roller coaster where people are like, oh, the bull market's on. Let me go take a leverage long position on a super illiquid, dog shit coin, like, I don't want to name examples because I just made it mean. But there were people buying the bottom of calling them quality alts.
10:00 And let me tell you, they were not quality arts. So we just skipped into like the bull market froth way too soon. And that was like last week. And now I think we were just paying our debts from like people going from fundamentals to like rampant speculation just way too fast in crypto. And that's getting flushed out right now. I agree. And I also agree with the idea that our tokens seem much.
10:21 stronger this cycle than in previous cycles. And I think that could persist into this early bull phase and then into kind of wealth creation phases a little bit later. So that might be where the majority of crypto alpha has actually generated less Bitcoin dominance this time around. But let's talk about some of the other things in the waters in macro and financial markets. I think the big thing we should start with is inflation. It came in pretty hot this week, David. So September inflation came in at 3.7%. That is almost 4%. This is versus an expected 3.6%. It was 3.4% in August. And I mean, when you start to get to 4% inflation, I mean, that does not feel normal at all. I think this is going to bite Republicans in the midterms as well. And where was the bulk of this inflation coming from?
11:19 energy, gas, air travel, which is gas, fuel. I don't know why fuel and gas are in different categories, but they are. It's all energy. It's all downstream of the Iran War and increased gas prices coming out of the Strait of Hormuz. Okay, so when you have hot inflation prints, then what happens is the probability that the Fed has to raise rates increases, and that's what we saw in prediction markets, and probabilities go up that the Fed was going to continue to increase.
11:49 We also saw the 10-year and the 30-year long-duration U.S. bonds, they spike back up. So they were starting to settle down a little bit. Now they spiked back up on the back of this because, of course, investors in bonds want higher yields in exchange for these very hot inflation numbers. It's just, I mean, GDP has been pretty high lately. We're tracking between 5 and maybe 6%. And inflation has been hot, too. So 3 to 4%. Just the nominal number here,
12:21 like nominal growth here is like pretty large, right? So I guess real growth, we might be like 1 to 2% in real terms. But we got 4% inflation, 5%, 6% GDP growth. Everything is running pretty hot on the money side of things. Also, the AI financing concerns popped up. There was CoreWeave, which I don't know if you saw this, David, but CoreWeave, which is,
12:48 kind of the neocloud story, it's data centers for AI. It fell 17% on Wednesday. Okay. And the big scare was Corweave Bonds, which now the 232 bonds bought at par four months ago, so bought at $0.00. Trade at $0.78. Okay. So this implies that Corweave might have a greater than 50% chance of default in the next five years.
13:16 That's what bond investors are pricing this as. And so it's become a narrative again of like, okay, like, how is the AI buildout going? Are the revenues justifying the amount of CAPEX spend? Where is that CAPEX spend coming from? Because in 2025, it was all retained earnings from hyperscalers. It's just basically profits on their balance sheet, cash in their balance sheet. Now it's bonds. here's a chart from the no opinion post I read this morning.
13:49 Look at 2026. This is the amount of bonds issued by the hyperscalers that are flooding the market. So we're starting to see more and more debt, more and more leverage to fund the AI buildout, which means everyone is focused on kind of the revenue side. What is anthropic, is open AI? Are these neoclouds? Are they generating enough revenue to justify the loans? and the debt that these companies are taking on.
14:18 And when there's little blips, like there was a blip this week on OpenAI revenue projections. This was in the last week or two. And also Anthropic, both, right? Both, really? Yeah, Open AI, it looks like it's coming in closer to 50 billion ARR rather than the 68, 70 billion that investors thought. Anthropic is looking a little softer as well. And again, still growing insanely quarter to quarter, but just not as fast as a
14:45 had been previously. So people are wondering if revenue is starting to approach that S curve and when that happens, then the entire AI trade starts to become suspect. I should say, like, NASDAQ is down 1 to 2% on this.
15:00 So it hasn't hit, you know, the stock indices in large measure. It's just hitting some specific sectors, but you're starting to hear this narrative once again that, okay, like debt funded. Is this like railroads again? Is this 1873? when just after a railroad boom, we ran out of debt.
15:20 Loans started going bad and it caused like, you know, a multi-year depression in the U.S. Did it cause a multi-year depression? Yeah. Oh. So it caused a multi-year depression. It looks like this. Noah actually has another chart in his story. It looks something like this.
15:36 Let me see if I can find that. Here you go. This is the number of miles of railroads built in the U.S. And I think these bars are kind of like, you know, depression, recession type bars. Right. Depression in the number of miles built, but not a broad economic contraction. Oh, no, it definitely did that too. It definitely did that too. See this gray part that is all kind of recession negative growth arrows of the chart. Okay. But here's the interesting thing about the railroads. There were multiple cycles of this too.
16:05 So you see this? So after there was a flush, they just went as they started happening again? There was a boom in 1870s and then a bust. Okay, and then there was another bigger boom in the 1880s, followed by another bust. And then there was another bigger boom in like the late 1880s, followed by another bus, right? So you had multiple cycles of this with railroad infrastructure. All of this in the AI sector feels very expected. The efficient frontier of AI investment requires some amount of leverage, right? It's just like who of all the companies that have burned through their,
16:43 cash. Before AI really turned into like an investment project, all the big companies, all the hyperscalers like Facebook, Amazon, all had, we're sitting on piles of cash like Microsoft. Yeah. Burn through all that cash. But the race isn't over and so you have to go into debt. Yep. And there is a correct amount of debt, a correct amount of risk. That's right. You can't, you can't have no debt because the race is still on. You can't have too much debt because you'll get wiped out, but there is a correct amount of debt. And whichever company plays this game correctly is going to be one of the winners. And so when we see like people like Corwave kind of getting punished by the market or other companies getting punished by the market, this is what you would
17:26 expect to happen when the market is so sensitive to Anthropic and Open AI's revenue numbers. So we got Anthropics revenue numbers this week, $16.8 billion of Q3 revenue. which is up 50-50% quarter over quarter, which how can you be upset about that? You can if you're expecting like 100% or 120%. So there was 140% revenue growth quarter over quarter between Q1 and Q2 and then only 45% revenue growth in Q3, the 50% number I just quoted.
18:04 And so it's actually slowing down. And so when people are on margin and the acceleration slows, The acceleration is decelerating, then all of a sudden the people on the further end of the risk spectrum get in trouble the most. This is totally normal and expected. And markets climb a wall of worry. And I feel like this is just what this looks like. Yeah. And it is the case that like you need 100%, 140% some more numbers like that in order to justify the amount of CAPEX that's being spent here.
18:36 Of course, Korea was starting to price this in. So didn't you say that the COPSY was down almost like 20% or something like this? Yeah, 23%. And the COPSY is our NASDAQ or SPY. So imagine if the SPOI was down 20%, 20%. The reason why it's like that is because memory stocks, just like chip productures for the AI buildout, are such a large part of the Korean stock market.
19:01 And so the Korean stock market is down a very big amount. When the Korean stock market is down that much, it blows back into the American stock markets. So there's a little bit of contagion happening here. You know, if the AI trade hadn't kind of unwound in the last week, would crypto prices be higher? Probably also true. They probably would be higher.
19:21 It maybe is a little bit of that. Did crypto need to cool off? Yes. And the reason why we know this is true is because, as we said, Bitcoin was down like 1 or 2% on the week. But the big ones that have gone up multiples or up down, 20 to 30% in the last two weeks. It's like our equivalent of memory stocks went out.
19:40 Yeah, yeah, yeah. And so like overall, I think there's a lot of reasons to talk about. We talked about inflation, the AI climbing a wall of worry, people worry about leverage, revenue growth stalling out, but also timing with just like, yo, crypto was running hot for a hot bit. Well, can I give you the backdrop on this and maybe a projection beyond where we are in 2026 into 2027? This was, I think this was kind of the required reading of the,
20:06 week. My favorite piece of the week was from Ray Dalio. He wrote in an article called Numbers Behind the Bond and Bear Market and Outlook to Equities, all of these things. And here was this major point. And I want to see if this resonates for you, David, because due to all of your crypto experience living through these cycles, okay, he said the big problem that he sees in the 2027 horizon. He, of course, talked about debt to GDP and interest payments, how that was going to hit in kind of like the fiscal dominance era that we're in. And he also talked about rollovers. So we're moving a lot of the long-term bonds in the U.S.,
20:44 the long-term debt. We're converting those to bills. We're converting to three-month, one year, shorter-term treasuries, of course, we're trying to sell it. In 2027, there is going to be a lot more debt that needs to be sold to investors. You have much more supply, and you have whatever demand is available to sop that up.
21:07 So he says this. The way I would think about the 2027 challenge is that the supply of debt will likely rise from about $3.5 trillion in 2025 to about $4.4 trillion in 2027. And that doesn't include the debt rollovers where we have to take the long-term debt, roll that over into short-term debt.
21:28 Okay. So think of this as like token issuance token over supply, and you have to have an extra $1 trillion in dollar token demand to stop that up. And if you don't have that, well, yields will have to continue to increase to compensate. So you have that happening in 2027, and that's just government debt. Then you have all of the AI debt looking for buyers. Again, token issuance, token debt, looking for demand of buyers, investors who want the exposure to that type of debt competing against this too. So a lot of issuance and not only issuance in debt at all-time highs and growing at pretty
22:13 exponential rates, we also have a lot more equity token issuance. All right, you get a SpaceX IPO. You get the anthropic IPO. Okay. Even Google, for the first time, I don't know, in decades, issued shares this year. Wow. issued net new shares in order to fund some of their expenditures. So a lot of you equity issuance.
22:39 Okay. Things that don't inflate in supply. And that was actually Dallio's conclusion here. He's like, 2027, I see long-term yields continuing to ramp up. I see equities being kind of flat. It doesn't matter what price to earnings do and, you know, like profits do. If we have all of this new issuance, there's not going to be enough demand to stop it up. So he again is back to, yeah, you better have gold, maybe a slice of Bitcoin and prepare for
23:09 the debasement trade. I'm not sure if he's entirely right. I feel like directionally he's going to be right. I don't know if this all hits in 2027 or we get to extend this a little bit longer. But this piece is kind of required reading, in my opinion, for understanding the debasement trade and why hard assets and why crypto monies. I don't think anything Ray Dalio says will be able to be like confirmed right in a short time frame. He's just such a long-term guy. It also kind of makes him just seem a little bit
23:39 infalsifiable, but that's a topic for a different day. Exactly. Exactly. That would be the main criticism of Dalio, I think. He's like over 80 years, I'll be right. I'm like, I need to make some trades this decade, please. All right, coming up next, we're going to talk about the ledger, the ledger exploit. attack, a physical supply chain attack on real ledgers, bought from a real reseller, but with a spy chip in the ledger, over $100 million have been gone. And also, Bank of America just ignores $5 billion of money laundering going through their bank. I thought, I thought banks weren't supposed to do that. The terrorists and drug cartels, we're going to talk about all the bankers that went to jail as a result
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26:23 So on October 9th, which was Friday of last week, Ledger began investigating wallet thefts that had been linked to, ledgers sold by a Southeast Asian resalear Cryptobillus and ordered Cryptobillis to halt sales and shipments. Leisure later confirmed that a hardware implant had been found in at least one effective device. So some poor soul bought a ledger from an authorized resaleer and then put their money in the ledger
26:52 after setting up their ledger and then their money was gone. Many poor souls, we should specify. Starts with one. It starts with one. The investigation starts with one. And then so Ledger opens up this ledger, be like, hey, there's this extra chip in here. We need to figure out what this chip does.
27:07 And so what the chip did was it intercepted. You've set up a few ledgers in your lifetime, right? I'm sure many of the listeners have. You go and you set up your ledger, and your ledger securely gives you 24 words. And that's securely produced on the device, and you plug it into the ledger software on your computer, and the ledger software says,
27:26 this is a verified ledger device. You can trust it. none of that was tampered with. The new chip intercepted when the ledger device gives you the 24 words, it just watches that go on to the screen and then using a radio transmitter,
27:40 it transmits that over data using an electronic sim to the attackers. And so the ledger device is on, it's tampered, but it's not, the software is not tampered with. As this investigation continued, as of that ledger's October 13th update
27:56 of hundreds, of reported, exploited devices were found across different reports. Over an estimated $102 million stole from 324 wallets. Wallets, not individual victims, but you could imagine individual victims are in maybe the 100 range. Yeah, so physical supply chain attack. We've seen these before, but not at this scale. This is by far the biggest supply chain, physical supply chain attack in crypto. I mean, it was relatively sophisticated as well.
28:28 well. This company, Cryptobillis, was not a recent reseller. They'd been a long-time reseller of Ledger products for Ledger. Some are in Asia, right? And they were purchased by a Chinese national company of some kind. Now, this company seemed to be sort of shady. I believe they were purchased six months ago. The previous owners were under NDA, so they couldn't even, they felt like they couldn't disclose that they were purchased. And this new purchaser, quite clearly was some sort of op that was installing a spy device in the ledgers in order to harvest those seed phrases and those private keys, gather up enough of them, and at the point right before they were discovered, actually launched the attack. So all of this hit because
29:18 somebody cracked open a ledger and was like, huh, there's a spy device here, post that on Twitter, and then it seemed like whoever's operating Cryptobilis then was like, oh shit, our cover's blown, we better get out with the private keys we had, and then just started draining wallets with all the private keys they had. And that's where you get the $100 million number from all of that. Do you see who posted that picture on Twitter? Yeah, this is Mark Corpellus, right? The Mount God's guy.
29:47 Yeah, the Redemption Art. Yeah. Scary attack, though, right? And this begs the question of how many other parts of the, the supply chain might be infiltrated. And Ledger is still trying to, like, I saw reports that possibly there were some resellers in Europe that had some tampered devices. I mean, you just don't know.
30:10 There's quite an incentive to tamper if you're a reseller of these devices. Yeah. Buying from a reseller, even though it's an authorized reseller, doesn't seem like a good idea. Definitely don't do an unauthorized one. Like, people were talking about reports of people, but, like, use, ledger's like give me a break just like go on ebay and just be like oh yeah don't don't don't do that but also like buying from ledger has also resulted in like data exploits which has also made self-custody hard self-custody is just taken l after l after l in the last like two years oh yeah a bunch of
30:48 um punches to the gut and not only that i mean this attack aside we should just say um the way to purchase a hardware wallet or the best way to purchase a hardware wallet is is definitely from the company itself, not from a third-party reseller in any case. Yeah. Even from the company. Like, the company is dependent on the supply chain as well. Yeah, they're not producing the chips. They are servicing that out to a third-party producer.
31:15 And there's never been an issue there so far. But again, these attacks keep getting more and more sophisticated, and they just find the points of vulnerability. So that's definitely a hit to self-custodial wallets. You could use multi-sigs. You can have multiple devices. There are ways around this, but it is a hit to self-custody usability. Speaking of which, David, not only are we taking hits from hackers and, like, pirates, taking
31:42 these funds, also governments coming after self-custody. And I think this is going to happen more and more in countries that are having a problem servicing their debts. Okay, France is one of those countries, relatively high debt to GDP, yields on French bonds going up. And if you've seen the high school protests in France, government looking for new ways to get money, new ways to get capital. And one of the things they want to prevent is any sort of backdoors, maybe, with crypto. There was an amendment in France put together by some MPs that was reported out that would require all self-custody. wallets to be declared.
32:26 Okay, so you have to declare whether you have a self-custy wallet. If it's over at first, it was 100K in euros, and now there's a revision to make it 5K in euros. So any self-custy wallet you have that has over 5K euros in it, you have to declare and report to the French government. And of course, we've seen hacks on the French infrastructure, tax infrastructure, has actually revealed the holders and the locations and the... dressers of these holders. So it's a massive physical security risk. It's all French citizens.
32:59 Not only that, it's an inventory of digital property that the state maintains. And, you know, this is like... In other context, it's called a hit list. Right? I mean, it's like just like not a good direction of travel, certainly. But you could see it. This is a French government trying to seal off all of the doors for any form of capital flight and, you know, suspicious that some of that capital flight could come in the form of crypto. So another hit on self-custody. One of the quotes that resonated with me at token 24 and I saw this was, I can remember who was giving this presentation, but it was about Zcash.
33:40 Assets that can be seen can be seized. And so if it is advocating for putting your Zcash in the shielded pool. But like even if it's Bitcoin, for example, like you would think Bitcoin is like very seizure resistant. And mathematically, that's true until quantum. But if the government knows and can link physical digital property to your identity, then they have means to go after you and your $5,000 of like digital assets that you keep in your back pocket. Well, so if you're the French government, you're trying to do that, how soon until you just ban
34:20 any form of privacy. So you can't have a private self-custodial wallet or that's illegal subject to fine, subject to jail time. I mean, that would be the logical direction of travel here, right? Sure. Yeah.
34:34 I don't know if that would be bullish or bearish. It seems to be just a thing that is happening that markets and the world will have to contend with. Speaking of something else that's happening. Speaking of things that. They're happening. I saw that transition coming from so far away. Bank of America, David,
34:54 the biggest fine in U.S. history from the OCC to a bank, to an American bank, I should say, $1.2 billion hitting Bank of America with a fine for $1.2 billion. The charge is that the bank failed to flag over $5 billion in suspicious transactions. Money laundering. Yeah.
35:18 Chinese money laundering networks, illicit finance, drug cartels, terrorism, the gamut, $5 billion worth. And so this was a penalty that FinC and OCC issued to the Bank of America for these crimes. CZ had an interesting take on this. No one went to prison, no home confinement, no DPAs, no one was charged, water under the bridge, onwards. Very interesting that no bank manager, no banker was harmed, was sent to jail, was threatened by this. This was just a fine at the corporate level. Unlike when Finson has taken actions in crypto where people like CZ have actually gone to jail. This is a little bit of
36:10 hypocrisy there. Yeah, this reminds me of Bill Gurley's talk a couple years ago at the All-In Summit where he was just talking about like, yeah, the reason why this stuff this happens is because certain sectors have a very close approximation to DC. Like the banks are in DC. You know, who wasn't in DC when C.Z got arrested and put in jail? Crypto. Crypto is not paying its protection money to the DC racket,
36:36 but the banks have been paying protection money to the D.C. for years. And so that's why they are allowed to get away with this. And that's also why in a counter move crypto has decided to move into DC. Pay protection money to the DC racket. Honestly, it makes one jaded, just like looking at the whole process.
36:53 That's what crypto had to do. And also it corrupts crypto in the process, the way it has corrupted banking. It's mutual corruption. Yeah, it's just like insidification of ER industries. And, yeah, it's unfortunate. But AMLKYC, I guess it doesn't work, David.
37:14 Yeah. I'm sure it works. when the state wants it to work? There was also simultaneously this week a report from the OCC on debanking, and Nick Carter was quick to claim this. We weren't imagining it. Operation chokepoint 2.0,
37:32 the thing he had talked about so much was real. This report, he says, confirms it. So it confirms that banks between 2020 and 2025, banks in the U.S. based on all the complaints they saw in the investigation that the OCC did, debanked individuals and businesses based on three things. Political risk, industry risk, religious risk, some combination of those. And that was enough criteria for a bank to debank someone. Nothing illegal. Just if you're in kind of a risky pool of actors as digital assets, as crypto was, you could be. debanked. This was actual policy coming out of the OCC and this report kind of delineates it and formalizes it and also reiterates that they're putting a stop to it now. So that that's no longer
38:29 continuing. Yeah, it feels like we're tracing over what we already knew to be true. I mean, certainly we knew it to be true. But I guess this kind of just makes it common knowledge for everyone else. But also everyone else doesn't care. I've the only people who still care about this or crypto people, right? I think anyone who's been debanked cares about it. I guess people who have never been on the other side of that don't care about it. Yeah, yeah. All right, coming up next, we're going to talk about Richard Hart, the creator of Hex.
38:59 Just injustice, complete injustice to his arrest and seizure in Istanbul. We're going to talk about how we can free Richard Hart. And we're also going to talk about paper trade where you can get 100, excuse me, 1,000 X leverage. but when you get liquidated, you get to be part of the house. We're going to talk about this and all of the shenanigans going on paper trade. But first, we can talk to some of these fantastic sponsors. That makes the show possible.
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41:06 Go subscribe to this podcast. Search the Defi Report. Wherever you get your podcast, YouTube, Apple, Spotify. or find a link in the show notes. There's a new episode waiting for you now. Ryan, how do you label Richard Hart? Who was he in crypto? He was the founder of Hex.
41:23 He was a persona. Yeah, Ponzi scheme demagogue maybe is... Yeah. Like, cult leader, I think actually is one of the better descriptors of Richard Hart. Sure. Richard, he had been in crypto since I was in crypto. You know, the amount of people he got into Bitcoin is actually pretty notable.
41:45 The amount of people I heard, oh, I'm embarrassed to say this, but I actually got into Bitcoin because of Richard Hart. Yeah. Yeah, he's one of these characters that, you know, in a different era, he would have started an literal religion if he was in 1800s or something. Yeah, yeah, yeah. He was one of the first streamers before we have the modern streamers that we have today. He was like one of the first streamers. He created Hex and PulseCoin, Pulse Chain, PulseX, all that kind of stuff. U.S. citizen that was living in Finland for quite a long time was arrested in Istanbul on an Interpol red notice.
42:25 We might remember going back to when the SEC was going after Richard Hart because of the assets that he had issued. The PulseX, all the things I just mentioned. Richard Hart actually won that case. The Interpol Red Notice was not because of the SEC because that case was basically dismissed. That was dismissed in February of 2025 on jurisdictional grounds. This is what I learned this week.
42:54 The way that Richard Hart got away with the SEC case was that, and this is something that when the pulse chain and pulse X and all that kind of stuff was being spun up by Richard Hart, the efforts of Richard Hart, you would send him ETH to a contract and then you would get Hex back in return
43:14 and it was like a one to one to one you put in one ETH you get the same amount of Hex back and Richard Hart would say like you are not this is not a sale you are sacrificing this is a sacrifice that you are making in order to get hex this is a the hex is a gift or the ETH to me is a gift
43:34 and the Hex back to you is also a gift It's not a token sale. And also, I'm in Finland. So you can't come after me, SEC. And so he raised something like hundreds of millions of dollars on this, on the idea that the hex, the ETH being given to him was a gift because he loudly told everyone that this is a sacrifice. Well, the Finnish IRS was like gifts, you say?
43:59 Gifts are actually a taxable thing. That's not just like a miscellaneous category. A gift is that you can't just give people money, large amounts of money. that must pay through taxes. So the Finnish IRS says, oh, you're in this court case in United States, you're saying that these are all gifts
44:13 because now you owe us 30% of your hundreds of millions of dollars, which, if you've ever watched Richard Hart for two seconds, and all of his Rolexes and Gucci that he's bought, he's not paying taxes. He's not paying taxes. I didn't know that he was in Istanbul. I'm sure he knew that Interpol was after him. So he was in Turkey when he was arrested,
44:39 and he is now in jail, I guess, going to court for Finnish tax fraud is actually the final conclusion of the Richard Hart story. Okay, well, what's a make of Hex? What's a make of Pulse Chain? What are the Hexicans actually doing about this? And by the way, I was never actually super sure. What exactly was Hex? Was it like an ERC 20?
45:03 It was an Ethereum copycat, but I have no idea. This is sort of like a Tron type of copy paste thing. I know it's from that era, the era that that started, but it never picked up actual use cases beyond pumping and shilling the hex coin itself. You clearly have not followed the hexadeghosis stuff. Because the fact that it's like an EVM chain that was a clone of Ethereum is just not relevant to the story.
45:30 The hexacons are cult leaders, of their deity, Richard Hart. Now, like, I have a take here is actually like, Richard, you know what the difference between a cult and a religion is? What's the difference? Scale? The leader is dead. Oh, God.
45:47 And so Richard Hart is like, he's going to jail. He's, like, being removed from the equation. I think the hexacons are going to get stronger as a result of this. Wow. Like, this is not, like, them, they're crisis. They're not having a crisis of faith here. They're just going to double down because that's what cults do. What am I looking for on like coin gecko?
46:08 Like is it hex hexicon? What is this? Yeah, hex. Yeah. I'll see it. Hex was down. It dropped like 50% on the news. All the Richard Hart tokens dropped like 50% on the news.
46:20 Okay. I think it goes up from here. That's crazy. I guess maybe you're a future hexagon then, David? I mean, I know it's bothering you in the past. I haven't seen the hexacons since the SEC case against Richard Hart. Like, I forgot that they exist. But now they're all up in my replies.
46:41 They're in everyone's replies because people are remembering that they exist. They still exist, dude. And it was all the same ones. It's the same accounts. And these are real people. These aren't just like kind of Richard Hart's bot network. Yeah, because all of them, because the hexican cult army got started before LLMs were a thing. Like, the hexagons have been around for a long time.
46:59 Well, I thought it was very big of you to post. your David crying photo, the thing that has been memeified across crypto-twitter and like beyond because this actually has a tie into the heck story, doesn't it? Back for you. It ought not to.
47:14 The David crying moment on the weekly roll-up was just fatigue and sadness about the demise of FTX. And poor sleep, right? I had like terrible sleep. I was running on like three hours of sleep a night for like four nights in a row
47:30 because FTCX was like in the this slow motion implosion. This is 2022. We were cover, we were live streaming every single day. I was exhausted. And, and so I was, like, I was just sad about the state of the industry
47:44 and the hole that we had dug ourselves. We were, we were doing the weekly roll-up, and we had Richard Hart's tweet up on this screen. Completely coincidentally. And we just happened to be talking about that. And so, like, Richard Hart was like, this is perfect for me. Yeah.
48:00 And so I actually still, oh, I still have this painting, actually. This is a hexagon. Oh my God. A hexkin made that for you? Yeah, a hexican painted this and shipped it to me. It's so beautiful. 100 USC or something. That is so 2022.
48:17 So are you cool now with the hexagons? Is this like full circle that you posting this meeting? I mean, they're not causing me any problems. I mean, like, I'm not going to go hang out with them because like I'm not, why would I hanging out with somebody who's compelled to become a Richard Hart like cuck? Okay, look, though, Richard Hart is arrested, but he still has his day in court, right? So, you know, he's, you know, who knows how the story could unfold? There might be still a way out for him.
48:43 Yeah, right. All right, let's get into paper trade. Ryan, have you ever been bullish on an asset and been like, man, I wish I could have a thousand times the exposure to that? Yes, like, I'll take the upside on that, but I don't want the downside on that, if that makes sense. Is that 1,000 X up and not? Is that what paper gives me?
49:02 I don't know if people have created that one. Okay. Paper trade is a per platform on top of hyperliquid that lets you go a thousand X long or short. No real spot orders are ever made. It's all synthetic, completely derivative only, which is why it's paper trade or trading paper.
49:20 The beauty of this fantastic Ponzi game, and I say Ponzi game endearingly, like it's a great pawnsie. It's a really well design. Wait, what's the Ponzi part? Have you described that? So when you get liquidated, because you went a thousand X. Which you will.
49:35 If you're going a thousand X. You are compensated with the paper token. And the only way to get the paper token is by getting liquidated. You can't, it doesn't trade on secondaries. If you want paper tokens, you have to go long or short and get liquidated. Wait, if you get liquidated, they give you paper as compensation so you could dry your tears with paper? Exactly, exactly. But then you can go and stake your paper
50:02 and then you can get the fees, the liquidation fees from other people as well. And so you become the house. By staking paper, you become the house. And so far, traders have lost $50 million, but $42 million has been paid out to paper stakers. So some of those DGens who got liquidated just took their paper compensation and staking.
50:27 and got the fees of other people getting liquidated. What an exceptional holder base you're creating. You're creating a bunch of holders of your token, of your asset, that are like degenerate traders that have lost big money. Totally, totally. Yeah, well, some people went onto the platform and tried to get liquidated on purpose because they want the paper tokens.
50:50 That's how you get the paper tokens. What a sick game. In the first week, the paper trade is beating. the NASDAQ in volume right now. Yes, that is a true statement. A trillion dollars of volume in the first week. A trillion dollars of open interest. What assets are we trading here, by the way?
51:06 Is it crypto assets or is it everything? All the blue chips. I'm sure you can kind of go down market and get some of the more crazy ones. But I don't think you can go too far down the market because of the Oracle manipulation exploit that also happened this week. And so when you are on 1,000 X leverage, Oracle attacks become pretty trivial because a trade on paper trade doesn't. ever hit the order book. It doesn't ever hit the spot market. It's all synthetic. So a hyperliquid
51:31 whale went to two hyperliquid and started buying tens of millions of dollars in ETH while also having what I could only assume is a 1,000 X long ETH position on paper trade. You can move the market. You can move the market because it's all synthetic. And so as a result, the paper trade team had to just like kind of increase the constraints. They had to lower the caps on the open interest on some these markets. So like this one trader made out with a few millions of dollars. I think I think it's recovered pretty well and people are kind of going back at it. But this is definitely one of the most interesting things, interesting projects to have started in crypto for sure. Why you say interesting? Because like it's ever been done before or I mean it's it's a thousand X like where
52:14 else can you get? I think this is probably the most liquid place to get 1,000 X exposure. Why do you need 1,000 X exposure? It's like a to gamble. It's like the czar, like super Megaton, you know, nuclear bomb. It's like, that's like way more than anyone has ever needed. Yeah, but what if it works out? You don't have to go a thousand X. You can go like something more modest, like 200X. The novel thing that's really interesting to me is kind of the paper token distribution itself.
52:47 That is like fascinating. That mechanism is pretty genius. Is this like a VC funded thing or? No, this is jazz and I'm forgetting the other. the prison's name. They're in please or doubt, but I never got the, DeGess and Blur. Yeah, I met Blur a number of times in 2021. So it's kind of like hyperliquid in that it's just like a small team self-funded in order to build this thing. Yeah. Correct. Yeah. So there's not like a lot of paper float that's with feces or, you know,
53:16 they're party investors. Correct. Interesting. That's right. Yeah, which one of the more attractive things about it, I think. Well, I'm happy for everyone that is trading paper. It's like, That's great. All right, we got the Salana Appenglo upgrade coming down the pike on October 14th. That'll bring faster settlement to Solana, 150 milliseconds for settlement. This also will take away the on-chain vote transactions. So validators just send votes directly to each other and bundle them into certificates instead of posting individual vote transactions on-chain.
53:50 So that's kind of an overhaul of the voting mechanism. And also the consensus mechanism is also getting an overhaul. So Solana's legacy tower BFT consensus mechanism is getting replaced and upgraded. And this is coming in Wednesday, October 21st. 21st, that's right, that's right. 150 milliseconds is pretty good. Fast.
54:11 It's very fast. I don't think that's perfect settlement. I think it gets perfect settlement later, but you have like near perfect settlement at 150 milliseconds. Yeah, so what layer ones can do that now? I mean, and does that matter? Is that a big differential? I guess time will tell.
54:28 Like Monads doing that kind of thing. I mean, Mega-Eath promised to do that sort of thing. Yeah. These, like, other factors matter a lot more this cycle than in previous cycles. It seems very much about distribution. Yes. Yes. That's right.
54:45 Speaking about Layer 1's, Starknet is voting to become a layer one. We talked about this last week where Ellie on Twitter just raised the idea. of Starknet is investigating open to the possibility of becoming a little one. I think I saw you threw us a little bit of a shade, David. He said, like, we've been talking about, this is the first time. I was throwing him some shade about. It was just like, StarcNet always has been posturing about, like, leaving the Ethereum ecosystem. They've always been dissatisfied in some way about it.
55:15 It wasn't meant to be shade, but it's more of just like, come on, just like, just do it. Just do it. And they are voting to do it. They are voting to do it. Who votes in this? is it? Starkwellers. Is it validators or all holders of any stark token?
55:29 So they really have on-chain governance? On-chain governance then? Yeah, yeah. Well, I don't know if it's on-chain governance. I think this is just like a sentiment check. So if the Stark community says yes, then the team will go into it. Right now, at the time of recording, 180 million Stark tokens have been cast.
55:51 would you like to guess which outcome according to the vote so far? Oh, it's going to be yes because token price has been up, right? Right? That's a good point. 99.9% vote in favor of yes.
56:06 Man, so what do you think that's, what do you think this means? What do you think this implies for layer twos in general, for Ethereum layer twos? I think that's the bigger story than like Starknet. I think it means that like being a layer two
56:20 is just not that much of it differentiates. I mean, we'll see. They need to move, they need to migrate off, and then we need to get the data after the fact. I just feel like, so my conclusion, probably like 18, 24 months ago, after being bullish on layer two's prior to that
56:36 or somewhat bullish for Ethereum prior to that, was that layer twos were a complete side quest for Ethereum. And Ethereum is much better off focusing on layer one, block space, and ether of the asset and defy use cases there. And this just feels like further evidence. of that. I mean, like, why subsidize a bunch of chains that you don't have, like, mode or lock-in and clearly not getting enough value from you? Like, why do that at all? I mean, Ethereum definitely
57:05 needs to this cycle focusing on its layer one and ether the asset. I 100% agree with that. Also, like, Starknet itself, it's not an EVM chain. It's got its own Cairo language. It's not that composable. And so one of the main benefits of all these other EVM chains is the composability with, you know, Ethereum itself. And so it's always kind of been on a silo. And so like, is this a loss for Ethereum? Like not, I would say it's mostly indifferent. Not to throw any shade of Starknet. Is this a win for Starknet? Potentially because Starknet is dependent on Ethereum and Starknet is already post-quantum. And so they kind of get to shine that light. Overall, like I kind of think in the grand scheme of things like this isn't going to be that big of a deal.
57:52 Well, tell me if this is a big deal. So the NIR Foundation just added MERT to the NIR Foundation Council. Yeah, the foundation board. Yeah. And so, like, for Ethereum speak, this is like Vitalik, Aya, that one Swedish attorney, one more person who governs the EF. This is the governance board of NIR. So Mert, Ilya, a few other NIR co-founders, one more person who I'm getting.
58:22 So Mert has joined the NIR Foundation Board. I mean, Mert is just like really well respected after kind of just like leading Solana's technical strengths into the Solana bull market. And then also seeing Z-cash at $50 in pushing forward Z-cash. I think this is because of privacy, near confidential intents and all the things that NIR is doing with like the whole privacy world. I think there's like a big Zcash NIR pairing because like Zcatch private money,
58:51 NIR has confidential intents. And so it's such like a very technical endorsement of NIR's tech, I think. Well, I guess merch star continues to rise, as does it right now. I haven't heard that term ever used outside of the context of Nick Carter and the Bitcoin. That's my favorite usage of it though.
59:14 Tell me about Venice. tokens per day chart What is this chart showing us? Is the token, is VVB doing okay by the way in this alt downturn? Or not so much? As of this morning, VVD is doing one of the best
59:29 better performer in the market. Because usage is up. That's what this chart is telling us, right? Yeah, it's up 12% this week all of that happening in the last 24 hours. So it was starting to kind of slide with the rest of the market. It got down to like $21.
59:44 after being at a high of 34 at the very peak in September, it got down to like, yeah, below $22, but it has rebounded up to $24.5 right now. And I think it's because of this chart, this chart and then maybe also the data center clip that I tweeted out, but I think this chart is really sealing the deal. As a VVV holder, whenever I see this chart on Twitter, I like stop what I'm doing and I pay attention
01:00:10 because this is revenue for Venice. It is highly correlated with revenue for Venice. It is adoption of the product. And I like this slope. And when this slope gets more aggressive upwards, I get more bullish. And so I like ask John, the head of strategy at Venice, when he thinks Venice crosses one trillion tokens a day before or after the new year. We're at half that now, right? We are at half that now.
01:00:41 And that is well ahead of the curve. And that's the chart we're looking at, token usage chart. That's the chart that we're looking at. So Sabrina, she works at Venice. She's the head of APIs at Venice. She tweeted out this chart and it had flattened a little bit. And I was like, again, as a VVV holder, I was like, oh. I don't like flat.
01:01:00 It flattened. No, I want it to go up. The four days later, she posts this new chart and there is a 25-ish jump in daily token consumption on the Venice platform. all from this one model. This is a deep seek model. It's really good at coding. It gives very fast responses. But for some reason, this deep seek model
01:01:24 just jumped massively in terms of consumption. Is the driver here token efficiency, do you think? Or is it more like privacy is really the driver here. People just don't want their AI queries being spied on. Right, because it's not any more efficient to do this inference. via Venice versus like doing it directly. I think the only explanation that I can have
01:01:48 is like why did Venice win this is privacy because that is their core competency. The other core competency that I think is coming online with Venice is like the combination of many models to do like more complicated work in very coherent ways that are built together. That's their mind's product.
01:02:07 But that's not what I see here. What I see here is I see one model just being hammered all at once in this idiosyncratic jump up where the deep seek model was being used a similar amount as all the other models but then you see this one model
01:02:23 just jump from maybe like 10% 5% of the graph to something like 50% of the graph I see my speculation is one single customer came online on the Venice API and that customer is using AI inference for whatever reason either to resell it to people on their website
01:02:42 who need inference or like one possible alternative is like there's a data sensitive industry that is using Venice for inference, maybe customer support. Maybe it's a healthcare company who's got customer support and they want an AI agent to automate some of their stuff and they are just hammering one single model to do customer support. Like that would fit. That would explain this chart. But like the notable thing is that it's, I think it's one single company who is using
01:03:10 the Venice API and they're just using this one. model and they're using it in a very big way and it made the daily token consumption of Venice jumped like 25% overnight. It's like signing a big enterprise customer, I guess. That's what you're saying. Exactly. Exactly. Very cool. Well, David, I think we have to tie it off here, but you have a little moment from our old friend who hadn't talked about in a long time, Elizabeth Warren, Senator Elizabeth Warren. She had a hot take on crypto that you wanted to share with the bankless world. Oh, it's not about crypto at all. It's about hot sauces. She tweets out
01:03:44 Helmonds mayonnaise McCormick Spices Cholula hot sauce Frank's Red Hot What do all of these products have in common One company could soon control them all I have concerns that McCormick and Unilever's $45 billion merger could increase your grocery
01:04:02 prices Getting protected Big Hot sauce What is going How is this a real thing? That's a valid concern. I don't know I feel like Elizabeth Warren is not conspiracy theorizing in the way that, like, kind of the world demands right now. This is not a very deep conspiracy theory to me.
01:04:21 You got to go after something far bigger. I mean, we're doing aliens. We're doing all sorts of reptile. Yeah, dream bigger dreams, Elizabeth Warren. Like, find a bigger fish. My lord. Hopefully next week we can get some green in the market. But until then, bankless nation, crypto is risky.
01:04:41 you can lose what you put in. We are head to west. This is Frontier. It's not for everyone, but we're glad you're with us on the bankless journey. Thanks a lot.