40 Minutes In The Old Testament - 40 Minutes In The Old Testament: Episode 49

Episode Date: May 26, 2016

Chad, Daniel and Brandon tackle a story full of death, polygamy, spilling seed and playing the harlot. And yet, somehow it all ends with the incarnation. Have a listen.

welcome to another episode of 40 minutes in the old testament i am daniel emery price i'm joined by chad bird and brandon hansen fellas how you doing hey we're good hope everybody out there's doing good too it's a beautiful morning in new york i couldn't i couldn't complain all right sounds good well uh we'll take care of uh you know pitches for you to donate and conference announcement stuff at the end so you don't forget about it and we'll just jump right in chad where we at so last time we uh we spent a couple of episodes talking about chapter 37 in genesis which is the introduction of the story of joseph and we finished chapter 37 last time so we're we're right here at the beginning of chapter 38 but we have a surprise uh because

you would think well the chapter 37 ends with joseph in egypt he's taken down there after being betrayed by his brothers and he sold into sold into slavery into the household of one of pharaoh's officers a guy named potiphar and you would think this being a narrative that the story would just kind of pick up there with joseph and tell us what happened to him but it's like we uh chapter 38 is like a a very long commercial break you know you're you're taking right you're watching this program you're taking right to this exciting scene and all of a sudden they cut to commercial or better yet it's like a to be continued so chapter 38 is a to be continued uh kind of uh interlude between between what happened with joseph in the past and what's going to happen

with him in the future and it really it's as far as narrative technique it's it's sort of creating suspense i guess you could say because it takes us to that point then it makes us wait but it also does something else because so we're we're told all about joseph in chapter 37 and in chapter 38 we're going to be told all about all about judah judah as well as tamar and some other some other characters but i think one of the one of the reasons that uh that the book was set up this way is that you could kind of compare and contrast contrast what was going on so we know what happened with joseph we know what his brothers did to him and now in chapter 38 we're going to hear a little about what his brothers were up to while he was a slave in egypt so we got the joseph story

introduced and now we're going to have this interlude that tells us all about his uh his older brother judah and uh all of the uh all of the shenanigans that he was up to back in back in the homeland and this is judah who ends up with the uh with the blessing just as judah right this is judah who ends up with a blessing because he was such a holy man we're to find out how righteous this dude is yeah we're this is this is all about judah's righteousness and uh we'll we'll just see how how righteous he's crushing it on the horizontal right oh man yeah this guy i mean this really is a it is the model of piety for us to follow here or not by the time you read the chapter we're about to go over uh you are uh you are disabused

of any notions of some kind of great holiness and righteousness and piety that judah exhibited because uh well i guess we'll find out if you don't know the story already a buck your seat belt because uh you're in for a ride so here's what happens the chapter began by saying it came about at that time all right so that's our link to what happened with joseph so joseph's in egypt he's a slave and judah he departs from his brothers and uh he goes to visit a uh a friend of his a guy named uh named hira and uh while he's uh while he's there he spots this girl she uh she's a canaanite so this is not you know from his own kin as they tended to be in the in the past this is a somebody outside so this is a gentile and i was reading luther's commentary

this chapter this morning and luther luther makes a huge point about the fact that that christ traces his genealogy from the gentiles because as we'll see in just a minute uh the woman that ends up being a mother in the line is a is a gentile but i'm getting ahead of myself so first of all judah he sees this uh this this canaanite girl and uh we don't even know her name just know her dad's name uh his name was shua and uh he uh he marries her he takes her in and he uh the bible is so blunt about this he went into her so the marriage was consummated and she gets pregnant and there follows the birth of three three sons you got uh er and then you got second onan and then the youngest was uh shalah so he has judah now has uh now has these these three sons

with uh the daughter of shua and i might mention now before i forget it it it's it's kind of fascinating the connections that the scriptures often have the kind of the the web that is woven between various narratives because this woman that married that judah marries later she's called bath shua and it just so happens that uh the woman that david ended up with bath shiva is uh also a variant name that she has is bath shua so there's only two bath shuas in the bible and it It just so happens that Judah married one and David married the other. Now, make of that what you want, but it's an interesting connection between these two guys, especially since David was of the lineage of Judah.

So back to the story. Judah marries her. They have three sons together, but things did not go well in Judah's household. first of all he he finds a wife he finds a wife for his firstborn son his firstborn son was named er and this wife is named tamar so introduced to her in in verse six and she and judah then become the central characters in this uh sordid story that that follows now things did not go well for Ur. We don't know what he did, but we're told that he was Judah's firstborn, and he was evil in the sight of the Lord, so the Lord took his life. So one down. Then we have a problem, a family problem, a societal problem, cultural problem, whatever you want to call it, because there was

no child that was born to the union of Ur and Tamar, Judah's firstborn son and the wife that he picked out for him. And so we're introduced in verse 8 to a practice that was actually pretty widespread, not just among the Israelites, but among other cultures as well. So it's often referred to as the uh the lever at marriage so here's the deal uh dan you got brothers right right i do so all right so i can't remember you're the oldest or not i am you're the oldest all right so if uh if you married uh back in these days and uh you didn't have a son and something happened to you there's an accident you died then it would be the obligation of your brother your next brother next oldest brother to uh

to take your widow as his own wife and to father children with her but the deal was that the children that uh that they had together would not be your brother's children they would be your children. And they would inherit your name as well as any blessing or inheritance that had been promised to you. So here's the deal in Judah's household. His youngest, I mean, his oldest dies. There's no son with Ur. And so it falls on Onan's shoulders to marry Tamar and to father children to her. I might point out that, you know, often people discuss the legitimacy of polygamy

and the place of polygamy in the Bible. Well, I mean, I don't think you can get around the fact that polygamy was established, at least some form of polygamy was established by God because this became part of the law of Moses later on in Deuteronomy. You know, if a guy already has a wife and his older brother dies, then he's required to marry his brother's widow.

And if he doesn't, it's like he disgraces himself. The widow can spit in his face and slap him with her sandal. So it's a disgraceful thing not to do this. So, I mean, in this instance, anyway, in the case of leveret marriage, polygamy was not only allowed, but actually commanded. he you know was supposed to take his uh his his deceased brother's widow even if he had a wife already yeah yeah that's always an awesome conversation when someone asks me about that about polygamy yeah and you're like well like culturally speaking i don't think it's a good

idea but um you know and it's illegal here so don't do it but um in reality god has ample opportunity to condemn it yeah yeah he does and doesn't and it's weird but they like so right there it's like commanded but you have other instances and this is like people are gonna think this podcast is getting real weird now nobody here is trying to like have multiple lives okay yeah we're not going all Mormon on it no one's all right but uh and just so you know how biblically faithful we are the truth is I mean there's other passages where God seems to take credit for such that i mean he tells um david like i gave you all of saul's wives like as if it was him that did it you know it says like gideon was was blessed because he had many

sons and many wives and you're like oh it's like it's like there's many times where it's talked about in a very positive light and so like and so you're it's not like and gideon god loved him in spite of the fact that he had many sons for he had many wives and like god somehow was disapproving of this it's you'd be hard-pressed man to to show um to show that this was something that god was like upset about yeah uh yeah quite the opposite as the as the examples that you that you brought up prove uh this was a often symbolic of the blessing that god lavished upon someone so no no we're not we're not going we're not saying go out if you're married and find a second or third wife uh quite the contrary that's never a good idea uh well you do also you you do also

see where i mean it is there are problems with it that are that are evident in many of the narratives yeah that's that's kind of the uh the unspoken message that you have if you it doesn't matter if you're talking about the the two wives of jacob or uh all the problems that David had later on. I mean, it's pretty obvious that it's a bad idea, and yet it was done over and over. Isaac's the only patriarch who didn't have more than one wife. All the kings had multiple wives. Many of the judges did as well. So you simply can't produce an argument from Scripture that says that all of this polygamy was displeasing to the Lord. In fact, in the case of marriage quite the opposite god was not pleased when a brother refused to marry the widow of his

deceased brother if no children had been produced from that earlier union and this is also like there's also a compassion thing there i mean like so say a guy uh that was married hooked up with some girl that wasn't married he was then obligated to marry her and like pay her father and all this kind of stuff because and this is this is put in place because nobody else gonna want to gonna want her and like so what's she gonna do and in the case in the case of like of your husband dying and the brother coming and like you're talking about a culture where it wasn't like well i'll just go down and get a job and everything will be there that's not a lot that's not really an option here yeah there was there was no safety net for for widows and orphans i mean they're

the two groups that are held up over and over and over as the most uh disenfranchised of society those are the most you know they're the ones that have nobody to protect them unless they go back to their you know in the case of widows they go back to their their uh to their parents if they're still alive but yeah this was really this was this was about not only fathering children for the deceased but it was also about showing uh compassion to uh those who had nowhere else to go yeah that's that's why in the instance i brought up where if you um went and you know hooked up with somebody that wasn't your wife like well she is gonna she's gonna be now or you or i think is it i think this is how it works you're either gonna marry her or else you're gonna die

those are the options yeah yeah i mean you're gonna marry her or you're gonna you're gonna pay some kind of penalty for it uh one way or another so uh yeah i mean we we uh we can't read our uh our modern notions of sexuality and marriage and and all of this stuff into the old testament we have to accept it the way it is uh and it's very different from what we often assume as we, as we see in this case here. So put yourself in Onan's shoes here. He's the second son. Now, if he, if he does what he's supposed to do and he fathers children through Tamar, then basically those children are going to receive the inheritance of the firstborn and Onan's not. But, but if Onan does not father children through Tamar, then he's next in line

to receive the double blessing of the firstborn so there's a couple things going a couple of motives going on for what we see he's about to do because it says that this is verse 9 onan knew that the offspring would not be his so it came about that when he went into his brother's wife he wasted his seed on the ground in order not to give offspring to his brother so he he purposely, he purposely avoids any possibility, or at least not any possibility. But in his eyes, anyway, he's trying to do everything he can not to get her pregnant. Notice that he didn't hesitate to have sex with her, though. He just didn't want to chance impregnating her and thus losing what he wanted. So he wanted the sex, that was fine, but he also wanted the inheritance that

came from being now the uh de facto firstborn who had received the blessing so uh that that might have seemed like a good idea to onan but god was not happy whatsoever verse 10 what he did was displeasing to the lord so he took his life too these poor guys so two sons are down er was evil god killed him onan refused to uh to father children for his dead brother so he ended up dead too things are not looking very positive in the in the in the household of judah all right this is this is about to get this is about to get pg-13 up in here if it already hasn't i think it already has i mean yeah i was thinking about that this morning i mean the bible yeah it you know there's there's certain things that you would not expect

the bible to talk about so graphically you know very few people realize i suspect that the bible has a verse that talks about ejaculating on the ground but there it is you know it's right there in black and white so uh well i was gonna i was gonna give a personal personal story here we could edit this out if you guys vote me down after this yeah yeah i remember and i think this comes to bear because people have brought up this passage before i remember sitting in a in a youth group uh that was all guys like a guy's youth group thing and like this this youth pastor saying that uh he didn't use this story to to do to get here and he said uh hey this is why if you if you masturbate god might strike you dead oh yes yes and like and you're and like now

this i'm not you know i'm not saying hey everybody should you know hey masturbation is like a wonderful thing that everybody should participate in but what i am saying is i don't think that this is what this text is about no what is it about there's only one place that seed belongs and if it goes anywhere else like you know i mean because people will strike you dead well people will use this as an argument against contraception and oh yeah yeah yeah it's called onanism yeah it's named after judah's second son yeah onanism doing something with your seed that you're not not supposed to that well and all of that you know all of that may be sin but um well i don't think contraception is sin sorry but um just how i roll but yeah the rest of it might be sin but

like that's not the sin that got god so hacked off yeah yeah that's that's exactly right it's not that the the the seed spilling on the ground angers god it's the fact that he refused to do what his duty what his duty was i mean he was he was motivated by by uh by envy uh and so he he he wanted what was not going to be his and he followed the children so he was he was not showing compassion toward tamar he was acting out of uh out of envy i mean the fact that he was willing to have sex but not willing to right yeah have have that outcome that's the that's the real problem here yeah he just was he just was using he was just using tamar in the same way as we'll see in a minute that his dad used her they were both using tamar just for sexual purposes that's

that's it i mean she was basically no better than a than a prostitute to own him so uh god took his life two sons down you got one more to go so what's judah gonna do uh he's lost his first born he's lost a second born so i mean he's uh he is obligated he's obligated to give tamar now to his third and his youngest son uh shelah but here's what here's what he does instead he says then then judah said to his daughter-in-law tamar remain a widow in your father's house until my son shallow grows up and then we're told what he was really thinking for he thought i'm afraid that he too may die like his brothers so it's like judah is blaming tamar here right yeah this chick is cursed i mean it can't be that my sons did something wrong it's obviously

So they got to be my daughter-in-law's fault. That's what he's thinking. So he's basically, he has no intention whatsoever, of course, of giving Tamar to Shelah. He just, he's buying time. That's all he's doing. So he sends her back to live with her parents. So that's where we are so far in the story. So two sons dead.

tamar still without without any children and now she's she's twice widowed sent to live with her with her mom and dad again this is this is this is bad on judah's part because once once a woman marries into a household it is that it is the household's responsibility to care for her that's the reason you have a levered marriage to begin with so he's basically just kind of pushing her away you know you're you're sure you married into our family but you're not part of our family now Just go back to mom and dad, and I'll send for you when the time is right, when my son grows up. So he's already acting deceitfully. He's acting selfishly.

He's not concerned about her. He's only concerned about himself. So here's what happens next. It gets more exciting as we go along here. So some time goes by, and it turns out that Judah himself ends up as a widower. His wife dies, the daughter of Shua that he had married. And it says when the time of mourning was ended, he goes up to see his sheep shears at a place called Temna to take care of the sheep there. And this is when Tamar, and perhaps her family too, gets pretty tricky here.

I say her family, too, because I'm kind of following the suggestion of Luther here. Luther thinks that Tamar was not the only one who was involved in the little trick that's about to take place. He thinks that actually her family was involved in this, too, at least in the second part of it. We don't know for sure, but somebody told Tamar that Judah was going to be taking this trip where he was going to be. And so she concocted a plan. Here's what she does. She had been wearing the traditional garments of a widow. So she takes those off.

And she covers herself with some sort of veil. Not exactly sure the Hebrew word there, but some sort of covering, some sort of veil. Anyway, her face could not be seen. She wraps herself up and she goes and she sits in a gateway, which is kind of at the crossroads where Judah is going to be traveling. and we have this this note added at the end of verse 14 which says for she saw that shella had grown up and she had not been given to him as a wife so maybe when judah first sent her away she thought okay well whenever whenever his youngest son has grown up is ready for marriage and he'll

send for me but now she realizes it was all a ruse judah never intended to give her to his son then judah caesar when he saw her he thought that she was a harlot for she'd covered her face i guess she whatever you know whatever prostitutes looked like back then she had on all the uh all the regalia of a prostitute or maybe it's the place she was at we don't know but anyway when judah sees her he's he's convinced that uh that she's a hooker so he uh he turns aside to her by the road and said he's such a sweet talker here now let me come into you for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law that's an old testament line that has definitely gone the way of the buffalo that doesn't work nowadays i don't think no you know

as far as pickup lines go it probably won't get you very far i mean even even a prostitute might turn you down if you like if you roll that one out drive on buddy weirdo yeah he's uh he's so blunt and yeah you gotta think about what's going on with judy here too i mean this this is the not the first but the the second and third of the various sins that are ascribed to to judah here here i mean it was first of all how did how did she know this was going to work i mean was judah known for hanging out with prostitutes i mean just because she dresses up like a prostitute does not guarantee that when her father-in-law walks by he's going to say oh there's a prostitute i'm going to have sex with him right there's no guarantee this is going to happen but maybe

maybe she knows a little bit more about him than we know she might have assumed because his wife was gone that hey he'll probably be up for that have certain urges yeah yeah maybe so maybe so uh whatever the motivation was he certainly uh is not very hesitant about uh paying for the services of a of a prostitute so what happens after this is they kind of go through this haggling process uh so uh he says hey let me come into you and she says basically what are you gonna give me that you may come into me how much how much you gonna pay me in other words for sex and he said well i'll tell you what uh how about i give you a baby goat from the flock and uh we're also something that doesn't work nowadays

this is not a relevant story yeah this is this is this is not a relevant story this is not the way it works uh works today yeah i'm imagining that this is like dwight from the office if anybody knows that this would uh yeah so i would be the one yeah and and some beats and he would fully assume that she would just be yeah great yeah everybody loves beats and notes uh reading genesis with the office uh an interpretive method so uh she says uh i presumably that's fine with her okay she says but you know you don't have a goat with you so what will you pledge what are you going to give me as a pledge until you send me the goat this is almost comical this kind of back and forth going on between them and he says uh well what do you want right

what pledge shall i give you and she said well you have uh you have your your seal which is kind of like a probably a cylindrical seal that was personalized in some way you were to roll it on clay or wax and that would be basically your your signature so you get your seal and your cord and you've got that staff or that scepter that's in your hand so uh he gives them to her and he went into her and she conceived by him it just kind of kind of throws it out there so he he gives her the pledge they have sex and she conceives this would basically be like judah you know handing over his uh driver's license and car keys or something you know here you go i'm gonna give these to you and then i'll send you a goat later we'll get we'll get those back that was the plan

anyway so he leaves takes off going to wherever he was heading to where the sheep shearers were she gets up and she leaves puts her puts her veil takes her veil off puts her widow's garments all the way all the way back on so judah gets where he's going and he i guess he tells his friend what happened and uh he sends his friend with this goat he had to go back himself he sends a friend with a goat and and and the friend gets back there and he can't find her so he asked the men of the place hey where's the temple prostitute who was by who was by the road and these guys say there aren't many temple prostitute here so he goes back to judah and says hey i couldn't find her and the men who around there said there's been no temple prostitute here so judah says well

fine she can just keep my seal and my staff otherwise we're going to become a laughing stock i i sent the kid i you know i fulfilled my part of the bargain and you didn't find her now one little note here i think is interesting we had two different hebrew words going on here because it says she dressed up like a harlot which is the regular word for prostitute but when he sends his friend back he says hey uh it was a temple prostitute that i that i had sex with it's almost like judah is embarrassed to admit that it was just a regular prostitute but no it was uh i mean this was like a holy prostitute right this was a this was a temple prostitute that i went into so go back and and pair with this with this goat so judah keeps

digging himself a deeper hole here because it'd be one thing for him to have sex with a regular prostitute but no it's got to be a a sacral prostitute so basically not as not only is he fornicating he's also engaging in idolatry by participating in these uh sacred rituals of the of the idolatrous religions of that time so that's the story so far so what's going to happen next came about three months past and judah finds out that uh his daughter-in-law played the harlot it says it was uh he was informed we don't know who told him this this is where luther thinks that tamar's family is in on it and that they tell judah they make up a story they tell judah that she played the harlot they're setting him up in other words whether that's true or not

somebody tells you to what uh played the harlot is an interesting turn of phrase there isn't it Yeah, it is. It is an interesting turn of phrase. Yeah, that's exactly what she did. She did play the harlot. She wasn't so much the harlot, but yeah, she played the harlot. That's a good point. It's a good turn of phrase there. And she's with child by harlotry. Now, Judah's response is just is classic. I don't know what you want to call it. Holier than thou response.

Bring her out, he says, and let her be burned. I just want to say that I got some Judas in my life. I mean, yeah, bring her out and let her be burned. We're not going to talk to her first. We're not going to find out if this is the truth. We're not going to show any compassion because she does happen to be pregnant. So you're going to kill her and the child, and you're going to burn them? Oh, boy.

I tell you. Give that dude the blessing. This dude is awesome. Yeah. Give Judah the blessing. I mean, Simeon and Levi, they don't deserve it because they murdered to defend their sister. And obviously, Reuben didn't because he had sex with his dad's concubine. Judah, he is a pillar of piety.

he is a he is a shining star of righteousness and let it be burned so he uh he utters this announcement as if he himself is blameless and innocent and the best judge of what should be done burning by the way was reserved in ancient israel only for a couple of very specific cases one if a guy married his married a woman and her mother so which i can't imagine marrying your wife and your mother-in-law but anyway yeah yeah so that the penalty then was burning death by burning or if uh the daughter of a priest committed harlotry then she was to be burned only two instances otherwise everyone was just stoned if they were executed so that's what judah pronounces bring it let her out and let her be burned and uh i just have to read this because if i don't read

this then uh you don't catch the full full flavor of the story verse 25 and it was while she was being brought out that she sent to her father-in-law saying i'm with child by the man to whom these belong and she said please examine and see whose signet ring and cords and staff are these and judah recognized them and said she is more righteous than i in as much as i did not give her to my son shella so judah's caught i mean what else what else is he going to say right this is like a nathan david moment here uh nathan tells that story about about the uh the uh the mean king who took this precious lamb that was you know meant so much to this other this other poor man and what does david say that dude deserves to die yeah and nathan's like you are the man

well this is the this is the you are the man moment in judah's life you can just i can picture this whole thing happening she's it's almost like tamar is totally calm she says uh you know before you burn me here show these to judah and and let him know that these belong to the father of the child that i'm carrying and you can see judah's eye just widen with realization as he sees his own signet ring and his own staff and his own cord shown to him well the positive part of this is is that instead of like uh trying to figure out a plan to like get rid of that stuff or something and get her burned even quicker like there at least you do have a semblance of repentance here where it's like okay yeah i i mean to say that she's more righteous than i is is to say that i'm

not righteous at all that's exactly right yeah i mean his response just like david's response is is the response that god desires he doesn't try and shift blame anymore uh you know he doesn't say well you know okay i'm the dad but let me tell you what she did right he just simply says hey she's more righteous than i i'm the unrighteous one here david says you know what i've sinned against i have sinned against the lord so this yeah this is right this is this is repentance It's claiming no righteousness of our own, throwing ourselves completely upon the mercy of God. So let me kind of move ahead here. We've only got about three minutes left here.

So it tells us he didn't have any more relations with her, all right? But she is pregnant. And when the time of birth came, we find out that she was actually pregnant with twins. so while they were being born a hand exits the womb and the midwife took and tied a scarlet thread on his hand and said this one came out first but he pulls his hand back and his brother comes out first and she says what a breach you have made for yourself and so he was named Perez which means breach and then his brother was born with a scarlet thread on his hand and he was named Zerah. So let's ask the bigger question in the little bit of time we have left. You know,

what's most amazing about this story? Well, I think the most amazing part is that when you turn to the first chapter of Matthew, and you're reading this genealogy that it says, you know, to Isaac was born Jacob, to Jacob Judah and his brothers, and Judah were born Perez and Zerah by Tamar. And then it goes on. So in the genealogy of our Lord, you have incest. You've got this union between the father-in-law and his daughter-in-law. You've got this make-believe prostitution you've got lust lies deceit all of this all of this pollution of sin that is in the the genealogy of christ which is which is exactly why christ came he assumed the humanity that had been polluted by every imaginable sin that's uh that's under heaven in order that they might

redeem us from it yeah that's exactly what the genealogy of jesus is there for is to show you exactly what kinds of sins he came to assume he literally comes as a descendant from a long line of horrific sin the worst of sins the sins that that we think are uh are far and away most taboo and they're all there present in his line he comes and assumes them all takes them takes them all on himself you know a lot of the old church fathers talk about the incarnation a little more strongly than a lot of the lot that we do now as far as you know you put a ton of emphasis on the cross and rightly so but the incarnation is where god becomes man and assumes all of humanity to himself right he joins himself with all humanity and you look at his lineage and

you see that he's gathering up all these sins to to take to the cross uh and so that line and and what's going on there and the incarnation is just i mean i think it's obviously indispensable but sometimes we don't we don't view the incarnation there's just sort of this mary scene with this manger and this baby but there's more there's more going on there there is the joining yourself with all of humanity that that god does yeah the the incarnation his is taking on our humanity is his taking on every every old testament story that we've looked at that we will look at that's just full of everything from lust to greed to hatred to murder it's all in the flesh

it's all in the flesh of the genealogy of Christ which is precisely why he came he came to assume what is ours in order that he might redeem it make it his own and unite us to his own holy body and in that way to save us and give us

the promise of resurrection that is it and we're out of time that's a good way to end a very horrific and probably the episode that somebody may turn off halfway through. But if you didn't turn it off

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© transcript Emily Beynon