40 Minutes In The Old Testament - Episode 126b (Leviticus 23:23-44)
Episode Date: July 12, 2018Chad and Daniel wrap up their discussion about the Old Testament feast days. What is the feast of trumpets? Why is everyone told to do nothing? How does the day of atonement work? There is a lot of ta...lk about worship, church and living water in this episode. Have a listen! 1517 Podcast Network CHF New Jersey CHF Hattiesburg
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Welcome to another episode of 40 Minutes in the Old Testament.
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leviticus uh 23 is where is where we're at if i sound a little different today i apologize i've
I've been fighting a nasty summer cold for the last week, but I think I'm just about
healed now, so maybe I won't sound too bad.
Yeah, we started this last episode, got about halfway through chapter 23, something like
that, so we'll pick up where we left off.
This chapter is taking us into the calendar of the Israelites.
But if you belong or have belonged to a church that follows a liturgical calendar,
then this is kind of the Old Testament parallel to that.
In a lot of Christian churches, the year starts out not on January 1st,
but at the beginning of Advent, which is the end of November, beginning of December.
You have Advent, you have the Christmas season, you have Epiphany, you have Lent,
You have Holy Week, you have the Pentecost or Trinity season after that.
So the whole year is going from one season to another, interspersed by major and minor festivals.
And so you have your whole church year or liturgical year that follows a certain pattern
that is really set up according to the life of Jesus and the life of His church.
There's a lot of Episcopal and Lutheran and Catholic churches follow that calendar today.
Well, the Old Testament had a calendar as well, except this one was actually divinely mandated.
It was designed by God himself, and it follows a cycle too.
And as we talked about last time, the theme, if you will, that binds all of these events in the calendar together is in one way or another connected to the Sabbath.
The Sabbath is that foundational event that informs not just every week, but also a lot of the major festivals as well.
So the Sabbath becomes something you celebrate once a week, but it also becomes the event that determines when a lot of these other festivals are going to fall, plus kind of the symbolism that's behind a lot of these festivals as well.
So we talked about the Sabbath. We talked about Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread.
We talked about First Fruits and we wrapped up talking about Pentecost.
So that's where we're going to pick up today
Everything we've talked about so far
At least as far as the festivals go
Is happening in the springtime
So you've got Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread
And then you skip ahead about seven weeks
Fifty days to be specific
And that's when you have the festival of Pentecost
At least that's our name for this particular festival
And the Old Testament is called the Feast of Shavuot, which is the Feast of Weeks, because you have seven weeks plus one day, the 50th day.
And that's when that is, that's when that's celebrated.
So we're going to pick up here at Leviticus 23, verse 23, with just a very short description of an Old Testament festival that's come to be over the years.
a whole lot bigger deal than it sounds like it was back in the old testament so let me just read
these verses to you this is leviticus 23 23 god is saying to moses speak to the sons of israel in
the seventh month on the first day of the month you shall have a feast a reminder by blowing by
the blowing of trumpets a holy convocation you shall not do any laborious work but you shall
present an offering by fire to the Lord. So this is, uh, this is referred to a couple of other
places as well as the, uh, like a day of acclimation or a day of basically it's a day of
making a lot of noise of, of shouting out or, or blowing trumpets. Uh, the making of noise
is, uh, is the way in which not only the day is announced, but also the day is celebrated.
Now, this is what today we know as Rosh Hashanah.
In Hebrew, you would say it as slowly as Rosh Hashanah, which is literally the head of the year or the beginning of the year.
So this is kind of one of those strange things about the Old Testament calendar, because it's sort of like you're operating with two different calendars here.
Some people would describe it as there's kind of like a liturgical or a church or worship year and also a civic year.
So you've got sort of two New Years, if you will.
There is one tradition in the Old Testament which says that the beginning of the year is in the spring.
And you have another tradition which is represented here, which says the beginning of the year is in the fall, in the seventh month.
So you kind of got to hold these two calendars in balance.
But this particular tradition here in Leviticus 23 is pointing to the head of the year or the beginning of the year is happening in the seventh month in the fall.
Now, notice right away that once again, the Sabbath becomes important here because this isn't the sixth month and it isn't the eighth month, but it's the seventh month.
And the seventh month is going to be very important for the Israelite
Because not only is it now the beginning of the year
But it's also the month in which two major festivals are going to be celebrated
The Day of Atonement
And then a few days after that
The Festival of Booths or the Festival of Tabernacles
So you're going to have a special day to start off this month
called the Festival of Trumpets
or the Festival of Acclamation
or as we call it today, Rosh Hashanah.
And then 10 days later,
again, we're in the seventh month,
10 days later, you're going to have Yom Kippur
or the Day of Atonement.
And then a few days after that,
you're going to have the Festival of Booths
or the Festival of Tabernacles.
So the seventh month, the Sabbath month
becomes an extremely important event
for for the israelites now today as time went on as time went on in the in the in the jewish
tradition rosh hashanah became uh uh kind of their new year celebration it became a time in which the
jews would gather together to uh kind of i guess you would say to begin the new beginning so it's
not like it's a one day kind of deal this whole month becomes significant for them as a time of
of repentance and a time of renewal a time of confession and a time of forgiveness so in in
the jewish faith the seventh month is kind of the equivalent i guess you would say of the christian's
holy week as far as its uh ritual ritual significance so that's the old testament uh
foundation anyway of rosh hashanah is here in leviticus 23 and there's not a whole lot that's
said about it. It's a day of rest. It's a day for the blowing of trumpets, and it's a day for the
offering of sacrifices. If anything, it seems to just kind of get things started, kind of get the
festival season beginning and get the people prepared for what is coming up next, because 10
days later is when we're going to have the Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur, which we've talked about
uh, quite a bit already. And that's the next festival that's mentioned, uh, beginning here
at verse, at verse 26. So it goes on to say that God said to Moses on a, on exactly the 10th day
of this seventh month is the day of atonement. And then he goes on to describe, uh, a few things
that are to happen on the, on the day of atonement. Now there's no need for, for God to go into great
detail about what's supposed to happen on the day of atonement here because he's already covered that
a few chapters back and of course we have we have as well so uh it just is a as a quick reminder
this is the day on which the high priest enters in the holy of holies with uh with the beloved
sacrifice it's also the day in which the uh the the ram the goat is chosen who's going to be the
goat of azazel using what we call the scapegoat today the sins are confessed on his head he's
let out into the wilderness uh to to be released so it's a day on which all the sins of the
israelites are atoned for it's a day in which the high priest confesses those sins and then god
provides atonement for for his people now the one thing i think is uh is worth mentioning here that
I don't think that we talked about a whole lot when we covered the Day of Atonement before,
is that in the verses that describe the Day of Atonement here, and there's about six of them,
the one thing that we hear over and over and over in these verses is that this is a day
in which the people are not to do any work. It's supposed to be a Sabbath of Sabbaths,
a sabbath day of complete and utter rest and the reason i think that's worth mentioning here
is because of the contrast that it depicts between god's work and the work of the israelites
so over and over and over god emphasizes the fact i don't want you doing anything on this day
i just want you resting i'm going to be doing the work i'm going to be doing the atoning i'm the one
who is going to take care of all of the sacrificial labor, the atoning work on this day.
And here's what I want you to do.
Nothing.
I don't want you to do any work whatsoever.
I just want you to sit there, rest, and watch as I do what needs to be done.
Now, you probably already figured out where I'm going with this,
but I think the reason that's so important theologically
is because it accents what becomes the fulfillment of the Day of Atonement,
and that is the work that our Lord does on the Good Friday of Atonement.
So that's the day in which we sit back, we rest, and God does all the work of atoning.
So we don't in any way do some work which somehow completes the crucifixion.
not our faith, not our repentance, not our acts of charity, not our prayers, not our anything
contributes and somehow fulfills what is lacking on Good Friday. Rather, just like in the Old
Testament, when God says to the Israelites on Yom Kippur to have a complete Sabbath day of rest,
So that's what we do on Good Friday. We rest. God works. We are atoned for and he does.
He does the work of atoning. So the Good Friday of our Lord's atonement becomes our Sabbath of Sabbaths in which he does the work and we receive all the benefits of his work, his labor on on our behalf.
So that is a that's a day of atonement. Anything you want to add jumping in here, Dan, or you want me to keep going?
One of the things I like is that Jesus is constantly accused of working on the Sabbath, which we have now moved to Sunday.
And, of course, he worked on that Sunday by rising from the dead.
What's interesting about the Sabbath now is that God continues to work as the sole worker on the Sabbath.
So the thing that hacked everyone off in the ministry of Jesus, which is, is this guy working on the Sabbath?
Is this guy doing—I mean, some of it was, I mean, even, is he doing good on the Sabbath?
I mean, Jesus would say it that way, right?
Like, is it lawful to do good on the Sabbath?
He's speaking about himself.
Is it lawful for me to do good to poor, miserable people on the Sabbath?
And the answer, of course, is yes.
But that doesn't end with Good Friday, the ultimate work of atonement, and then him resting.
But he rises again on Sunday to continue to work for our benefit on the Sabbath.
So we go to church, we do nothing, and God does all the stuff, right?
So God is continuing to do good to poor, miserable people each and every Sabbath.
So Jesus does this fulfillment of all things.
I mean, him being our Sabbath is, yes, he is our rest.
I mean, this is laid out in Hebrews.
But it's not just that.
It's that he comes and says the Sabbath is the day where you are to do nothing,
but it's a day where i am to do everything and so the sabbath becomes a sort of one-way work
of god to you uh which of course we think that like our doing nothing it's weird that we could
take our our doing nothing and make it a work to god right which is what the pharisees did like hey
don't do all this stuff unto god so you're going to do the the work you perform is your lack of
work to god so he knows you're serious but that's not what it's about at all it's about do nothing
so i can do everything because when you're when you're doing all these things you you are not in
your posture is not right to simply receive yeah one of the hardest things for us is to do nothing
right to do nothing to the glory of god yeah yeah i want you for my glorification i don't want you
to do anything in order that i might do everything everything for you and that's such a complete
reversal i think of of most people's conception of why we go to church for instance uh we most
i would i would venture a guess that the average american christian thinks that he goes to church
in order that he might have a chance to do things for god whether that's praising him or being
obedient to him or praying to him or telling him what a great god he is or whatever it might be
the focus becomes on what what i'm going to do for god uh when i when i go to church it's it's
a complete opposite of that the reason that we gather is not because we have some great thing
to offer god is because he has all these great things that he has to give to us so nobody goes
to the doctor thinking, you know what? I got, I got a lot to give to this doctor. You know,
my sickness is going to contribute a lot to, a lot to him. Now we go to the doctor because we're
sick, because we need him, because we're in a, we're in a state in which we want him and need
him to help us. So when we're, when we're sick with sin, when we're, when we're dying on the
table, we don't, we don't go to church because we have some fantastic thing to offer to God.
We go there because we need everything that he has to give to us.
So, yeah, our Sabbath is a day in which we are able to rest.
And in that receptive position, God is able to do for us what we're always blocking by our efforts.
You know, the harder we're trying to work for God, the less receptive we are to his work in us.
Yeah, there's this great old German word that I love.
you know this word, Chad,
goddess-stints, divine service.
And that's what it means, divine service.
But even that gets flipped around
where church becomes where you go serve the divine.
Where you're going to go offer your praises
and your tithes and offerings,
this kind of thing, to the divine.
Where you go serve the divine.
But that's not what it is at all.
The goddess-stints, the divine service,
is where you go to be served by the divine.
It's God's, it's the divine service unto man, unto his creation.
Yeah, you know, we call it a worship service, which is really redundant.
No, you go there, like the worship is part of it,
but let me correct this, if you think this way,
because I grew up very much with not that,
this wasn't just like sort of lying around in the church ethos,
but was expressly conveyed that you go in and you offer your worship and then god comes down
uh like like something like some kind of pagan deity like here's my sacrifice of praise and then
god comes and visits you in response that's not how it works what you do is you go there there's
his body and blood on the altar he's promised to be there he's promised he's promised to be where
two or more are gathered you go into the church because you know that he is already there and
that your praise is actually the response to him coming down him coming down is not the response
to your praises so you sing not to summon him but you sing because you have walked into his presence
i can't i can't uh add anything to that that's that's perfectly well put yeah i mean it's uh
that's why we that's why we refer to it as uh sometimes as god's house right right we're not
inviting him into our house hey god come come see us we are stepping into his presence and and the
reason it's it's his presence is not because not the reason it's his house is because that's where
his gifts are that's nothing to do with the architecture it has everything to do with the
fact that that's where his word is that's where his body and blood is that's where his baptism is
and so that's where his house is and that's where he gathers his children around to do to do for
them what uh what they need well it'd be a little bit backwards i mean chad we both have kids and if
uh my kid started inviting me into the hat my house that'd be weird uh it would be weird yeah
hey dad i just want to know that i want you to know that you're welcome here i'd love it if you
were here i mean that's just that doesn't make any sense like i brought you here right i i bring you
i bring you here so the i even the fact that we are his children implies that that's his house
the children of god assemble in the house of god god does not come visit the the house of
his children he's that's not that's that's completely reversed so as god's children
that is god's house where we and and he comes and is fatherly to us i don't know about you
but i feel like i do more serving of my child than my child does serving of me i feel like one of us
is more dependent on the other yeah yeah even even as my children both uh a little bit older
uh 17 and and 20 but uh yeah i mean it still feels that way right yeah i've never come home
you know and and my you know my 10 year old's never been like i've made you this great meal
uh i've cleaned the entire house uh i paid i paid the mortgage none of this stuff like i'm doing all
the things right right because it's my house that's what dads do right that's what parents do
yeah they take care like take care of uh take care of the children it's uh that's the way that
it is with us and god too he calls us into his house because he's gonna he's gonna wash us he's
going to feed us. He's going to tell us he loves us. He's going to forgive us. He's going to do
all those things that a father does for his children. And somehow we have reversed that
mentality to where we think that God needs praise and prayer and worship and obedience and summoning
and all this other stuff. And so we better go to church to make sure that God is going to be happy
with us in the performance of those works. It's really nothing more than doing on Sunday
what we tend to do every single day of the week, and that is assume that God needs us
more than we need Him, that we have something to contribute to Him. I've always loved this
line from, I think it's 2 Chronicles, it's David. He's talking about all the stuff he's gotten
together gotten together for the construction of the temple and uh he says thine as as he gives it
to god in this prayer he says thine own of thine own have we given unto thee so from the stuff that
you gave us we have given to you so thine own of thine own have we given unto thee in other words
we don't really have anything to offer all we've done is gotten a bunch of the stuff that you've
already given to us and we've given it back to you it's like if i if i hunt if i hand my my son
a hundred dollar bill and then he hands me twenty dollars back well it's not like he's giving me
twenty dollars he's just he's giving me part of the money that i've just given to him right
so that's that's the way it is with anything we offer as a prayer or a praise to god in response
We're just simply echoing back what God has first said or given to us.
All right, so that's the Day of Atonement.
A little bit of talk about Sabbath worship.
Now, moving on to what's next in Leviticus 23.
And this is actually kind of a big deal in not only the Old Testament,
but also the New Testament as well.
In fact, it's something I wish we would talk a little bit more about.
I don't hear a lot of references in sermons or other Christian context to what we're going to talk about next.
And that is the Festival of Tabernacles or the Festival of Booths.
So here's how it works.
So we're in the seventh month.
We've had the first day of the month, which is Rosh Hashanah, the Festival of Trumpets.
then 10 days later we have the the day of atonement and then uh five days later on the
15th day of the month we're going to have the festival of tabernacles or the festival of booths
and it's not a one-day deal this is this is kind of a big deal in that it lasts for a whole week
seven days so the first day is is a sabbath rest no work and then each of the days after that
you have certain offerings that are to be that are to be uh presented there at at the altar
and it lists those out uh in the in the verses that that go after that and then at the end of
this there's an eighth day which is another day of complete rest and then notice this notice what
happens on uh in verse 40 it says on the first day you shall take for yourselves the foliage
of beautiful trees palm branches and the boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook and you
shall rejoice before the lord your god for seven days this is one of the ritual enactments that
takes place on the festival of tabernacles is the people would get palm branches and other kinds of
and the kinds of foliage and they would make a procession and this procession would lead them
to the tabernacle and as we know from later traditions they would actually march around
around the altar so and this would take place every single day every single day of the festival
and then uh just to kind of wrap up this and talk a little bit more about the traditions that
followed it another thing that's going to happen is you're not going to get uh you're not going to
get a room at the Jerusalem Holiday Inn or something. You're going to stay outside. This
is like tent camping, except what you're going to live in are booths or these temporary shelters.
When we think of a booth, we think of a place like a kiosk in the mall or something. That's
not what this is. This is like a temporary shelter, a tent made out of all kinds of branches
and whatnot. And you're going to live in that for the whole time that you are there to celebrate
the festival. And the reason you do that, verse 43 says, is that you may know as a reminder
that you lived in tents like this, in tabernacles like this, when I brought you out of the land
of Egypt. So just to kind of recap, this starts on the 15th day of the month.
All the Israelites come to the tabernacle
And this is especially going to happen
Once they get into the Holy Land
So they're going to leave whatever village they're living in
And come to where the tabernacle is at
They're going to build these temporary shelters
Which are called booths or tabernacles
Or tents or sukkot later on
And they're going to live in these
as a reminder of all those years
which they lived in temporary shelters
on the journey from Egypt to the Promised Land.
And they're going to have this procession
in which they go around the altar.
Now, there's two more things that happened
as time went on,
two more traditions that were attached
to the Festival of Tabernacles.
One is that there was water
that was that was gathered from the pool of siloam there in jerusalem and it was poured out
on the altar so the pouring of water on the altar was was was a tradition that was associated with
the festival of tabernacles as well as the lighting of the menorah this lighting of it
this giant menorah was also associated with the festival of of tabernacles
now the reason that i think this is this is significant and i don't know if you've covered
this i don't know where you guys are in 30 minutes in the old testament if you have you
gotten to john yet dan uh no we went from matthew to x yeah yeah so when you i'm sure you guys will
cover this in depth when you get to when you get to john but what what's what's amazing is if you
turn to john 7 and 8 you see jesus taking the the festival of booths and saying in essence that he
is the one who has come to to fulfill it so in john 7 he's gone to jerusalem and uh he's there
for the celebration of the feast of tabernacles.
And in John 7, 37, it says,
Now on the last day, the great day of the feast,
and the feasts it's talking about here is tabernacles.
Jesus stands up and he cries out,
If any man is thirsty, let him come to me and drink.
He who believes in me, as the scripture said,
from his innermost being shall flow rivers of living water but this he spoke of the spirit
whom those who believed in him were to receive for the spirit had not yet was not yet given
because jesus was not yet glorified now what he does here is you got to know the context to
appreciate the full significance of what he's saying so this is during the feast of tabernacles
when water is being poured out on the altar and this is the the last day and the great day of the
feast when this was when this was done jesus stands up and basically says if any of you wants living
water if any of you wants the kind of water which not only is living but life bestowing the kind of
water which is full of the spirit of god if you're thirsty for that then come to me because i am the
source of that water so you can kind of picture the scene here he's in the temple all of this is
happening connected with the feast of tabernacles water's being poured out in the altar and jesus
stands up in that crowd and says if you want real water if you want living water if you want the
water of the spirit if you want the water that's going to give you life then don't look to the
water being poured out on the altar instead look to the water that comes from me because i'm the
one who will satisfy your deepest spiritual thirst and then also in connection with this
in chapter 8 of john the festival is still going on i mentioned earlier that the lighting of the
giant menorah was connected with the the festival of tabernacles and it's here in verse 12 that
jesus says i am the light of the world he who follows me shall not walk in darkness but shall
have the light of life so two two different uh sayings of jesus that are that are that are said
in the context of the feast of tabernacles are significant for for understanding how jesus is
pointing to the feast of tabernacles as being as pointing to him and being fulfilled by him
and being then brought into his whole messianic mission
as the one who comes to give life, to satisfy thirst,
to take the Old Testament and to demonstrate
that he is the fullness and fulfillment of it.
So John is significant.
John 7 and 8 are significant for understanding
how the Old Testament festivals were not just designed
as self-contained celebrations which pointed to the past instead they also then pointed toward
the future and to the fulfillment that was to that was to come with with the uh the advent of
messiah yeah jesus uh jesus rolls out this living water motif quite quite often you think about the
the woman at the well and uh you know and he he does this sort of i mean obviously this is not
during this festival but um but this idea that there's so we don't we don't think about uh water
all that much because you flip on a tap and you know there it is there it is uh i had a water
pipe burst in my yard uh about a week and a half ago which i had to have my so i had to shut my
water off and then dig it up and fix it which was a whole disastrous pain in the neck um but what it
was for for like two and a half days i didn't have any water you start to realize that's when
you realize the things you take for granted uh where man uh having access to water is a real
good thing and uh and you don't think about it right well back then they thought about it a lot
uh this is this is a important thing i mean they had to go draw water and and and water
didn't it didn't just like represent life i mean it was it was part of if we're going to survive
we have to have access to water and no one's going to do that for me it's not going to come
through the plumbing and the city's going to take care of it i have to know where the water is and
i have to go get it and i have to do this every day and and so this this idea that he's this
endless supply of water this is living water this water that that doesn't run out you don't
have to worry about droughts you don't have to worry about you know is the well dry is the well
full uh i how where am i gonna get water tomorrow and the day after that that he's this water is so
associated with with life itself that when he comes in and says that if you want living water
If you want an endless, abundant supply, never running out, water that you'll never have to work for or worry about again, that's me.
It's actually a huge statement.
And it perfectly ties in with the whole Festival of Tabernacles in the sense that this was a time when the Israelites, by living in these temporary shelters, remembered those 40 years that they traveled through the wilderness.
and it was during those 40 years when of course water was a huge deal because they're in the
middle of the desert yeah and the water that they're getting is is coming from a rock of all
places the rock that moses struck the water the rock that god pointed him to the water that
that gush out of this of this rock in the middle of the desert so that was that was the lifeline
literally for the israelites during their sojournage in the wilderness so christ comes
along and says, look, you're here to remember that period of time in the wilderness when you're
living in the midst of an arid region, there's death all around you, and there is a source of
water in the rock. Well, look at me. I'm the source. I'm the rock from which water is going
to flow from you, the one who is going to be the ongoing, constant source of life and water for you.
So this was an incredibly bold statement on the part of Jesus.
He's standing up and saying, everything that your ancestors needed and that God provided
for them during their time in the wilderness, I am now that source.
I'm the one who's greater than Moses, greater than the rock.
I'm the one who is the one that God has sent in order to give you life that's going to
flow out of out of me for you from this time forth and forever yeah i mean this is what the
author of hebrews says right that christ is that rock from which all the fathers drank
yeah and that's it man that's 40 minutes we are we are out of time so guys uh hey register for
that live stream it's uh you know it's not as good as being there but you know you can still
tune in and you will have an opportunity i'll just i'll just give you this little tidbit you'll have
an opportunity towards the end of that live stream to register for 2019 uh at the lowest possible
rate so you can tune in see what it's all about and then say you know what which i think you will
say you know what uh i'm gonna i'm gonna do that next year so do that uh and uh yeah if you if
If you're feeling up to it, come hang out with us in New Jersey and Hattiesburg.
Chad, I'll see you next week.
All right, man. See you then.
We'll be right back.
