Behind the Bastards - Part Two: Lee Atwater: The Political Dirty Tricks Artist Who Gave us President(s) George Bush
Episode Date: August 27, 2025Lee Atwater graduates high school after a brief stint in an insane fraternity then becomes a college Republican leader and starts his career as a dirty tricks expert for political campaigns.See omnyst...udio.com/listener for privacy information.
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Coalzo Media
Schumer I hardly know her
Welcome back to Behind the Bastards of Podcasts that just started
The Worst Way a Podcast can start
I think we can all agree
I didn't like that
It was unenjoyable
It's compulsive like Lee Atwater I can't control it
You know
So you can't be angry at me for it
You know? Just like we can't be angry at Lee Atwater
For all the people he hurt
That's the way it works
Anyway, I'm Robert Evans.
This is Behind the Bastards.
Part two of our series on Republican strategist Lee Atwater, the guy who invented modern presidential elections.
My guest today, as with the last episode, Garrison, D-A-V-I-S.
That's so that if there are any two-year-olds in the audience, they can't spell your last name, Garrison.
They don't know what I'm saying.
I was going to do this whole episode as another extremely successful political operator, Chuck Schumer.
But then I realized I don't know.
what Chuck Schumer sounds like
so now I'm just stuck with these glasses
falling off my nose. I think it's something like
Hoodle doodoo I'm Chuck Schumer.
That's basically it, right?
I do not think that is how he sounds.
I think that's pretty close.
I've certainly heard him speak before
but...
Yeah, I think it sounds like that.
You know...
It's however you imagine like
if somebody was made of stone
trying to speak.
Yes, like that's exactly what I did.
You're right, Sophie.
Thank you for praise.
I appreciate it.
I live off of it.
We'll return to this topic later, I guess.
Yeah.
Sure.
This is an I-Heart podcast.
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We're still fighting.
Listen to Hands Tide on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
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now last episode we closed out with our friend lee atwater your friend uh friend of the pot
lee atwater has just done a fucking fake school election for his friend who depending on the
source some say his buddy didn't even know that he was like putting him up for election until like
this magazine comes out where he's like rating he like mimeographs this fucking zine basically
being like, uh, he won this com.
He's the funniest kid in school based on, you know, this, it's unclear like how this ranking
was done and, you know, promising free beer on tap.
He's got his little fucking student SS out kicking people, right?
And the first part of this, the fact that he starts it with like this fake poll, basically,
that he's handing results to people is noteworthy because fake polls are going to be key
to Lee Atwater's adult political style.
Now, today, we call a fake poll conducted by an independent.
pollster, funded by a campaign or a dark money operation, not legally connected to a campaign
for the purpose of pushing a political agenda, a push poll.
And what Lee's done here isn't quite a push poll yet, because the goal of a push poll is
to propagandize a voter under the guise of polling them.
So you call them and say, hey, we're doing a poll if you were to find out that candidate
X was a pedophile, would you still vote for them, right?
And you're not accusing them of being a pedophile, but also it makes people think
about them that way, right? And it's usually, you can get a little more direct than that. But that's
the basic idea, right? Is it's a poll where you don't actually care about the result. What
matters is you're trying to subtly propagandize to people when their defenses aren't up because
they don't think they're being subjected to a political ad, right? And that's, it's not exactly
what he does in high school with his friend, because again, he just releases the poll. But this is
going to like, this is going to work so well that it kind of gets him, he's always, he's always a guy
who's going to do a lot of what he does through different kinds of bullshit polls.
And part of the reason why is that after this election happens, he notices that, like, kids
that he didn't even know keep coming up to him and telling him jokes or, like, cutting up
in class and then looking at him to gauge his reaction.
One kid even wore a plastic display bottle of soap for an entire day.
And they're trying to, they want Lee to see them because they realize that he is the guy
publishing this list of the funniest kids in school, and they want to get on the list.
They don't realize that it's a completely bullshit list, right?
Lee writes, quote,
it took me about an hour to realize they all wanted to get into the comedy ratings.
So he keeps publishing the flyer and he expands it.
He adds a bad breath of the week award and he adds fake ads for a dial-a-slut service,
which he claims is run by one of his female classmates.
So as a kid, he's learned how to use the media to manipulate his classmates to hurt people.
to help a campaign.
He's already figured this out
and he's like, not yet 18,
or just about turning 18.
Dial a slut service.
He's a prodigy in the evil arts
of politics, yeah.
Sir.
He would later recall,
nothing taught me more cleanly and clearly
that people like to see their names in the paper
and people like to be number one at something.
I always remembered that lesson.
I mean, he also has discovered
the inherent charm of the DIY magazine,
which it's addictive which everyone usually around 18 falls victim to right of course everyone yes absolutely garrison
kids kids love DIY magazines some kids do yeah yeah well the cool kids and the lee at waters it's a real
mixed bag if you're mimeographing you're going to go one of two ways um lee himself was never
featured in the paper that he put out he wrote by not being involved i could have a lot more fun with it
I learned back then that I was just going to cool it and stay out of the scene.
So he's also figured out, I don't want to be in politics.
I don't want the spotlight on me.
He wants to be behind it.
But I want to be folk.
Yeah, I want to be behind the spotlight, right?
Focusing it on people.
He's like the Lauren Michael.
Yeah, he's like a less evil Lauren Michael.
That's right.
Yeah.
So the one area where Lee was weirdly positive and like weirdly ahead of his time was when it came
to black musicians.
When black bands would play at his all-white school,
he would use all of his manipulative prowess
to ensure that his peers weren't shitty towards them.
His friend Debbie Carlson recalled,
he showed sensitivity toward blacks
that he didn't always show to his good friends.
And, yeah, I think it's worth noting
this is black musicians, right, that he likes.
It's not like a general behavior trait,
but he is noted by his white classmates
as like he was like the non-racist one, right?
Or at least the one who was most aggressively
anti-racist when there was something he wanted to get out of it right i think that is like an important
thing to add that this is not just happening in a vacuum he's not like seeing someone be racist and
confronting them outside of this it's specifically because i like this band they're going to be
playing at our school and i don't want them to get embarrassed yeah no it does seem to be like
it is interesting yeah one of the few things that keeps him from being like at the most evil that
he could be is yeah like love of music and how that alters his like perception of like racial
politics, slightly, I guess.
What's interesting is it alters his perception of racial politics, but his politics
are always very racial, and he gets really angry.
The one thing that seems to bother him is when people call him out for being racist, for the racist
things he does, because some of his best friends genuinely are black musicians, and he
doesn't want to be seen as racist, but he wants to be allowed to campaign as one.
And that's really it.
The fact that he does seem legitimately offended when people accuse.
of being racist, while consciously
using racial politics in a way that
is undeniably conscious
is really interesting to me.
But we'll see more of that later.
Yeah, I'd like to hear about that
in the context in which it exists in.
It's a common.
So he'd gotten his parents to agree to let him
go back to public school by laying out an ambitious
plan for his future. He'd written them,
I think I would like to be a lawyer
and maybe someday go into politics.
He told them he intended to applaud
after graduating to the University of South Carolina,
the Citadel, North Carolina State,
and Wofford University.
And that last one, he didn't really want to go to,
but it was his dad's alma mater.
And so he adds it, again,
it's part of this like manipulation campaign, right?
He just can't turn that off.
As I noted in the last episode,
as soon as he's out of military school,
he gets back to his old tricks.
And in fact, he is more out of control than ever.
Oh, really?
Dial a sweat service?
Oh, really?
That's not even, like,
his high school has an unaffectuality.
fraternity system, and he joins a fraternity who call themselves the dark horsemen.
And I think you can tell how what these kids, these dudes are like from that.
No, no, no.
I want to hear more about this.
Yeah, the dark horseman.
I'm covering my drink even though he's dead.
Yeah, oh, you don't, you want to cover your drink when they're mentioned.
It's like fucking.
If you see it three times into a Zoom call, they appear behind you.
Yeah, yeah, they'll fucking roofy you.
Yeah.
Oh, my gosh.
They viciously haze their members.
When Lee is admitted, he has to rub icy hot on his balls and then be paddled for hours.
He has to get into, like, an hours-long slap fight with a friend where they're, like, really hurting each other.
And, like, he apologizes afterwards.
They both do.
But, like, they're willing to do it to get into this club.
And it's, this is going to be, this is not uncommon for fraternities back then, although the fact that it's a high school fraternity is kind of weird.
And an example of, like, who Lee is.
So they would pool all of their money to rent dance halls or warehouses and throw these massive parties for their high school.
And when they couldn't afford liquor, Lee has a great idea for how they get booze, which is there's this stretch of road outside a town that's like the dating spot where like people will pull over to make out slash fuck with their girlfriends, right?
And, you know, periodically the cops will come by.
And so you'll like toss your liquor out of your car to like get away so they don't realize that you're like drunk and trying to have sex in a car.
So he has his friends, they all go out to the spot
and they start searching in like the brush around the makeout point
and they pull out all these half full bottles of like beer and liquor
and they mix it together in a barrel.
And then they fill the barrel the rest of the way
with what is only described in my sources as purple juice.
This sounds, this sounds rancid.
It sounds awful.
The resulting beverage is called Purple Jesus
And it did a spectacular job
Of giving teenagers alcohol poisoning
It just sounds like hell
Boy, howdy
That's awful
Oh my God
You love to see it
I mean, I'm not gonna pretend
I did much better
Yeah, because we would just
I do feel very alien to this sort of stuff
Like I enjoy a cocktail every once in a while
But I'm not rummaging a rat
Like this is completely foreign to me
No, there was a period
When I was like 19 or 20
where we got one of those big things
of just the raw Dr. Pepper syrup
and we would just add that straight to ever clear.
Don't do that.
Bad idea.
That sounds awful.
My stomach immediately hurts.
Yeah.
Oh, my God.
What a nightmare.
So you won't be surprised when I tell you
that Lee's GPA was not impressive
by the end of 12th grade.
Purple Jesus isn't really pulling through in the grades.
No.
He's not doing great.
Now, it's kind of an open question
whether or not he's even going to graduate
until the last possible moment.
His psychology teacher comes close to failing him.
And his psych teacher actually calls Lee's mom, Tottie,
because she teaches Spanish at the same school.
And as a fun aside, she gave her own son a D once
and, like, wrote on the report card.
What a baddie.
She wrote on the report card,
you need more discipline at home,
like on her son's report card.
So this teacher goes to Totti.
But also, take a guy.
accountability, my girl. What?
Yeah, I mean, I think it was a bit, but yeah.
Ma'am.
So this teacher goes to Tadie, and he's like, I don't know if I can pass your kid.
And she's like, yeah, you should just do what's best.
And he's like, yeah, I'll do what I think is best for the boy.
And ultimately, he passes Lee.
Even though the grades weren't there, he decides that Lee, when he would talk in class,
he was better.
He participated more than anyone else in terms of, like, classroom discussion.
Sure.
He just, again, refused to study or do homework, ever, right?
and it's this this is the fateful decision that will allow him to go to college so i mean really
never show mercy to a student who's struggling teachers out there you know that's the lesson of
this podcast no mercy to children um they'll turn into lee atwater if you if you give him a
second's grace um so toddie had resigned herself you know partway through this year 12th grade
year to the likelihood that her son would not go to college at all and would wind up working a
menial job despite his obvious intelligence.
Lee himself wanted to leave from graduation and immediately travel around the South with a
friend of his who was a professional musician.
And like this would be like a vacation, but I think it was also the idea was he was going
to explore maybe whether or not he could make it as a musician.
This sounds like a positive development for a kid like this.
If only.
Now, again, it looks likely that this is going to be his path forward because he applies to
the University of South Carolina and he gets rejected.
And that's like not, no offense, University of South Carolina, but it's not like an Ivy League school, right?
Like, his grades are not good.
He's getting rejected from like the state school.
And Lee keeps this rejection letter in his office for the rest of his life.
Uh-oh.
The fact that he gets this is something, he's got this weird sense of pride towards.
But before he can start his trip, his mom pulls some strings and she gets him an interview with the dean of admissions to Newberry College because she knows the guy.
And she knows her son.
She's well aware of the fact that if he gets face-to-face with someone, he can charm them, right?
Face-to-face, he's going to do well, even though his, like, grades and emissions would get easily discarded.
Yep.
But he would be compelling in, like, an actual, like, meeting.
Yes, and she knows this, and she gets him the face-to-face meeting, and obviously Toddy's right.
And the dean also seems to have understood Lee pretty well, and he kind of plays hard to get, right?
He repeatedly says, I don't think you have what it takes to handle this car.
college to be a Newberry man, right? And this flips a switch in Atwater's head. And so he becomes
obsessed with proving the dean wrong. And so they make a deal. It's a gamified thing, yeah.
Right, right. Now it's a deal. Now I've been challenged. So the deal is, if he can take two summer
classes at Newberry and do well, he'll get admitted to the fall. And Lee takes and ACE's both
classes, which proves that the only way to get him to actually work hard is to trigger his
oppositional defiant disorder. That's the entirety of how this guy works.
right?
What a brat.
He's like the Republican Party distilled into one man.
It's just pure oppositional defiance.
So Lee enters Newberry in 1969.
Nice.
This is a tense year for America, for students in America at colleges in general.
A lot's going on this year.
But not for Lee.
Newberry is not kind of in, it's off the beaten path.
a little bit. It's not one of the schools that's going to be the center of things happening.
Lee later described it as a pretty laid-back environment.
The anti-war movement and the attendant protest had mostly skipped the campus over,
and Lee doesn't find himself pushed into political activism, and immediately.
Instead, he gets very into Greek life.
And I'm going to quote from an article by Eric Alterman in the New York Times.
Atwater and his fraternity brothers used to rent black and white pornographic movies
and charge 50 cents admission.
You can bet nobody else.
asked for their damn money back on those flicks, he volunteers, sitting with his wife and parents
in the family living room.
We weren't like the guys who took your money and then showed a bunch of people horsing around
in leotards.
Sir.
Are you just talking in front of his wife and kids?
Yeah, we showed the best porno in college.
Oh, sir.
We didn't rip you off by showing you fake porno.
No, nothing but real naked people fucking in our fraternity.
So he opened a DIY porn theater.
He opens a DIY porn theater.
That's how his fraternity makes beer money.
it's pretty funny.
Now his frat is Alpha Tau Omega
and just for shits and giggles.
I was like, I want to see what kind of reputation
ATO has.
Well, I'm sure it's great.
I'm sure I'm going to learn some lovely things here.
Oh, Garrison.
It would be fair to say,
in many schools,
they are regarded as a party house.
Just from stories in the last decade,
I found an article about a chapter,
the ATO chapter.
Yes, just from that, the last decade.
Because there's not a lot recorded.
from the 60s, right?
A lot of stuff.
What's going to get, sexual assault's not getting reported generally.
Sure, sure, sure.
But within the last decade, an ATO chapter in Mullenberg College was suspended for hazing and life safety violations due to out-of-control drinking.
U.N.C.'s chapter got suspended earlier this year for alcohol violations and financial malfeasance.
The Ohio State chapter was likewise suspended this year for hazing and alcohol violations.
I've also found multiple stories of brothers in different states being investigated for sexual assault over the years.
Now, Lee is in college
decades before these things go down
but cursory examination
suggests that ATO has had a long reputation
as like, this is a party house, right?
That's the case in Lee's Day
and that's kind of the legacy
of this fraternity up to the present day.
This is a party house.
I feel like they got shut down
at my college when I was in school.
I found a lot of stories
of them getting shut down.
This was literally just seconds of Googling, right?
Sure.
Just like a lot of ATO chapters
get in trouble.
trouble. And the fact that this would be a party fraternity is consistent with the stories Lee
and his brothers would later tell reporters. He was known for staying up all night drinking,
dancing, and singing. And then in his words, would quote, be the guy to wake up the day shift
with a flip top at 6 a.m. So he's like still awake, waking his friends up with a beer at 6 in the
morning, you know, to keep the party going. Never let the party die. Never let the party die.
Garrison, you remember when I showed you PCU, the classic 90s college film?
It's a special movie, starring a Parliament Funkadelic and ends with a P-Funk concert.
Great film.
Yes, I do remember this.
Yes.
I found an article in the Newberry Observer that interviewed Carlos Evans, who is another
ATO member and like a future executive at, no relation, because he winds up as an executive
at Wells Fargo.
And Carlos's recollections make Lee's life in this period.
sound identical to the plot of PCU?
Quote,
Lee was always joking around
and entertaining his fraternity brothers
by improving crazy songs
on his guitar, Evan said,
which made him an ideal social chair
for his frat.
One slow weekend on campus,
no football or planned parties,
Atwater came across a band
whose trailer had broken down
on the side of the road.
Already running too late
to make it to their gig in the upstate,
Atwater convinced them
just to stay in Newberry and play there,
thus creating an impromptu party.
It's just literally the plot of PCU.
That just happened to it.
Yeah, but his life feels like a lot of different movie plots.
Yes, his life is written by John Hughes.
Like, I almost feel like there's a stranger than fiction situation here.
He's like Will Ferrell in that movie, but written by John Hughes.
I also wonder what his thoughts on Wild at Heart are.
Oh, yeah.
In terms of, like, the Elvis, Blues, like, dancing, performance, deception.
Like, Nick Cage's whole character in that has, like, a slightly similar vibe.
unfortunately we'll never get to ask him garrison uh spoilers for where this episode ends um
speaking of spoilers you know what can't be spoiled these ads quality yeah the quality of our
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Sophie, sex work is work, actually.
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I love sluts are some of my favorite humans in the whole world.
Would be so cool if it wasn't him.
Liz went from being interested in true crime to living true crime.
My husband comes back outside and he's shaking and he's shaking and he's just,
just looks like he's seen a ghost and he's just in shock.
And he said, your dad's been killed.
This is Hands Tide, a true crime podcast exploring the murder of Jim Melgar.
Liz's mom had just been found shut in a closet.
Her hands and feet tied up, shouting for help.
I was just completely in shock.
Her dad had been stabbed to death.
It didn't feel real at all.
For more than a decade, Liz has been trying to figure.
out what happened.
There's a lot of guilt, I think,
pushing me, and I just, I want answers.
Listen to Hands Tide on the IHeart Radio app,
Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
So what happened at Chappaquittic?
Well, it really depends on who you talk to.
There are many versions of what happened in 1969
when a young Ted Kennedy drove a car into a pond.
And left a woman behind.
to drown.
There's a famous headline, I think, in the New York Daily News,
it's Teddy escapes, blonde drowns.
And in a strange way, right, that sort of tells you.
The story really became about Ted's political future,
Ted's political hopes.
Will Ted become president?
Chappaquittic is a story of a tragic death
and how the Kennedy machine took control.
And he's not the only Kennedy to survive a scandal.
The Kennedys have lived through disgrace, affairs, violence, you name it.
So is there a curse?
Every week we go behind the headlines and beyond the drama of America's royal family.
Listen to United States of Kennedy on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast.
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I'm Hunter, host of Hunting for Answers on the Black Effect Podcast Network. Join me every weekday
as I share bite-sized stories of missing and murdered black women and girls in America. There are several
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So, Lee's been interested, you know, since high school in the political process. But previously,
it had been a game for him, purely a way to amuse himself.
College is where he gets interested in and involved in real politics for the first time.
And there are two stories about how this happened, right?
And they're kind of divergent.
I think there's a way to reconcile them.
His frat brother Carlos says that, like, basically in his first year, his grades were so shitty
that he had to go to summer school in order to not get expelled.
And then, per an article in the Newberry Observer,
while in summer school, Atwater secured an internship with a young senator named Strom
Thurmond, who was 67 at the time.
Oh, this fucking guy.
He came back that fall, and he was a totally different person, Evans recalled.
His hair was short and his dress conservative.
Gone were the remnants of the hippie saturated 1960s, Evan said.
Atwater went from coming dangerously close to flunking out the previous semester to a straight-A student,
and Evan said he became highly engaged in his political studies.
That was the point when we started to believe that Lee had possibilities beyond being
just a jokester and a fun guy, he said.
So Strom started like political.
Grooming this guy.
Yeah.
Yeah.
That is every version of the story has that part.
The question is what leads up to it.
Because Lee and his mom will later tell a different story.
Like instead of it happening in his freshman year because he had to get summer credits because
he was failing.
In the summer of his sophomore year, his mom says she convinced Shrom Thurman to take her son
as an intern and that this ignites his love of politics and gives him direction for the
first time in his life.
He claimed, I decided that summer was time to get.
serious. And yeah, Thurman was by this point a Republican, and in a Congress that was still
full of white supremacists, he was the one who was famous for being a white supremacist.
The most supremacist of the whites. Yes, the whitest of the supremacists and the supremacistist
of the whites. He and Lee got along very well, per the New York Times. Thurman remembers a
bright young boy of extraordinary energy and charm, who in seven years progressed from
college intern to political director of Thurman's re-election campaign. At
Water remembers, listening to a man who embodied for him the virtues of southern conservatism,
economic libertarianism, a strong military, opposition to federal interference.
Both men insist that the historical identification of Thurmond with the segregation is unfair.
The issue then as now, Thurman insists, was state's rights.
And there's a couple of things about that.
First off, the discrepancy between his frat brother's story and his mom's story, I think is easy
to reconcile.
I think his frat brother got the year wrong, which is easy to do decades later.
I think his grades were shitty, probably in a sophomore year, and I think his mom got him this
internship because he needed summer credit to not get kicked out of school, and she pulled another
favor.
That's kind of my way of reconciling this.
But also, there's a good documentary about Lee Atwater, and it interviews a lot of his friends
at the time, and a couple of different people who knew him will say variations of the same
thing, which is that he didn't believe in conservatism.
He was not ideologically.
He could have done work for either party.
and been just as happy, but he saw there was more of a place for him in the Republican Party,
in part because the Republican Party at the start of the 70s is a party in massive transition.
One of the things that has happened is that, like, they have bled young people,
and Lee has an idea for getting young people to join the party.
And there's just more of an opportunity because the party is in flux,
because they're realigning, he can find a place for himself there.
and the Democratic Party, he can't find as much of a place for himself there.
It would be harder to insert himself and make a name for himself.
And so some of the people who knew Lee will argue that's the only reason why he gets involved
in the Republican Party is that this is where he can make a name for himself.
And that's the only thing he actually cares about, right?
Whatever the case, you know, because in that version of events, he doesn't give a shit
that Strom Thurman is an economic libertarian and loves a strong military.
He just, again, this is a guy he can, because he's kind of disgraced.
and whatnot, I can get involved in it.
And I've got an end.
This is where my in is.
It will be easiest for me to succeed here.
I mean, yeah, he seems more interested in music and performance, like, on, like,
a personal level than, like, like, politics, even though he enjoys the process of it.
And it seemed like he had saw more opportunity for innovative work and having fun with
the process in the Republican Party at the time compared to the Democratic Party.
Right.
And the process is what he cares about.
So who gives a shit what the politics he's fighting for are, you know?
We need, we, we need him, we need one of him for the left.
We sure, we sure do.
You get that from some of his friends who are like,
can you, if only he had picked it different,
the other party, you know, we might have all been better off.
We're going to be looking for a Lee Atwater of the left.
Yeah, that's what we need.
Not a fucking Joe Rogan, a Lee Atwater.
Somebody who can fucking play hardball.
At any rate, every version of the Lee Atwater story is consistent that at this time,
Strom Thurman causes, you know, his time with Thurman causes him to take his life seriously, right?
And he's a different guy when he comes back to school.
1972, the year after his internship, is an election year.
And Atwater is determined to do his part to get Richard Nixon reelected.
He realized that frat boys are Nixon's natural candidacy, and he starts using frat parties
and events to sign up other young men to register as Republicans and support Nixon.
And this expands to he runs a large get-out-the-vote effort in South Carolina.
and signs up 12,000 people, this is a feat no one gets close to equally, no single person
gets close to equally in this period of time.
Like Lee is head and shoulders above anyone else in terms of like their ability to do that
for Republicans.
That's a lot of people for an election at this time.
Yes, that's a big deal.
And this is what drives Lee to do it in the first place, right?
It's not dedication to Nixon.
It's a desire to prove himself the best, to get the most, to be, to break the wrong.
record, right? I've signed up the most people. That's what is appealing to him, is it's a way he can
win and set himself up as special. His frat brother, Carlos Evans, claimed, I would say the thing that
really made him different was that he was incredibly competitive. He was very much focused on winning
at every level. Lee's performance was so shocking and noteworthy that he earned the attention
of the Republican Party itself. In 1973, the next year, as a result of this feat, he is
appointed national director of the college
Republicans by party chairman George
H.W. Bush.
This fucking guy.
Yeah. Yeah.
And this is, unfortunately,
H.W. Bush has picked his man well
because Lee is really good at this.
Like, the number of registered, like,
college-age Republicans increases massively.
He's organizing and polarizing.
After this period of time. He is really good
at this. He's going all around different campuses.
He's giving speeches. He is very
good at getting young men
And again, he's this very modern figure of, it's this mix of, like, crude humor and misogyny and kind of veiled racism that he's using to, like, get these young men be like, no, no, no, you don't want to, like, do this hippie bullshit and vote for the left.
Like, you want to, like, your interests are being served by the Republican Party as, like, a young man, right?
Like, that's who you need to be with.
And he's very good at this.
And that's the first couple of years of Lee's political career, is like, you.
reforming and turning college Republicans into a major force, right?
And there's a lot of budding heads.
He has a lot of direct competition and winds up in a lot of, like, ugly fights with other people
that he always wins.
Anyone who kind of challenges him for power, he beats the absolute piss out of because
he's just extraordinarily good at this sort of thing, which is, it's just great.
You love to see this kind of shit.
So yeah, before we discuss Lee's meteoric rise or what happens after this point, I should
peel back and give you all a little refresher on how Republican Party politics evolved from
the 50s to the start of the 70s, which is, you know, the course of Lee's life to date, right?
This is during the period of time from when he is born to when he starts being a political
actor himself.
Traditionally, Republicans, the party of Lincoln, held the North and the Southless Democratic
stronghold.
And that had started changing dramatically in the early 20th century, which is often summarized
as the two parties basically switching platforms.
The reality is a lot more complex,
but by the time FDR comes around,
this realignment is well underway, right?
And this leaves Republicans in a bind.
Southern Democrats now felt alienated
from the rest of the party,
but the main way to reach them was with racism,
and every year it got harder to just say,
I hate black people and win an election.
Enter the Southern Strategy.
The gist of the Southern Strategy
is that you advertise policies that hurt black people,
people and maybe help white people, that part's not actually necessary, without saying that's
why you're doing it.
Now, there's a lot of debate over how much of a role the Southern strategy in particular
plays in this post-Civil Rights Act realignment, because this starts in the early 20th century,
but it's after the 57 Civil Rights Act that the realignment really speeds up and that, like,
the Democratic Party really loses the South.
Like, that's when all that really happens.
And so it's, you know, there's debate and valid debate.
by political historians over like, how much credit do we give this the Southern strategy as
opposed to these other things that are going on at the time? The phrase itself, the Southern
strategy, gets popular after 1970 when Nixon political strategist Kevin Phillips gives an interview
for the New York Times in which he says, among other things, from now on, the Republicans are
never going to get more than 10 to 20 percent of the Negro vote, and they don't need any more than
that. The party's political future, he argued, was in making sure Southern White saw Democrats as
the party of black people. This would convince them to switch parties and vote Republican,
right? And again, we can debate how much of a factor this is in the realignment and,
you know, what happens to the South and becoming a Republican stronghold, but it's certainly
a big part of it, right? Totally. And Lee Atwater is going to, he's going to come, start getting
into politics literally like a year or two after this Nixon strategist has laid out the whole
strategy on like in this interview and this is always going to be a part of his understanding of
how politics works right um now one of his early political triumphs is when he's still like with
the college republicans there's a a contest there's an election to see who's going to be chairman
of the college republicans between carl rove and a guy named robert edgworth carl rove a lot of
you millennials will know he was george bush's campaign manager during bush's campaigns like
He's the guy who got W elected.
He's famous as being a slime.
Just look at a picture of Carl Rove.
He looks like he's slithered in on a slime trail.
No man has ever looked more like a snail than Carl fucking Rove.
Like touching him, his skin has the consistency of wet Plato.
You can just tell it by looking at a picture.
Sophie, pull the fucker up.
I see him.
You see him?
You see him, I got him.
He's beautiful.
He's beautiful, isn't he?
I got a face full of Rove right now.
Yeah, he's just a majestic animal.
Very smooth. Very smooth skin.
Incredibly smooth guy.
Incredibly smooth guy, just in terms of his actual texture.
And to quote from an article in PBS's website, quote, Roeve lost, but Atwater mounted an appeal of Edgeworth's victory.
The contest was ultimately decided by then Republican National Committee chairman George H.W. Bush, who gave the election to Rove.
That was a pretty early lesson for Carl Rove from Lee, says Joe Conison of the nation in Salon.com, that you could play the hard.
artist of hardball and get away with it. And what Rove is, or what Atwater is doing here is he just
starts challenging individual votes and he just keeps coming up with, and they're bullshit
challenges, like the other guy had won, but he creates enough doubt that he's able to create
space for Bush to come in and just decide the election. It's kind of a version of what the
Supreme Court will do for W in 2000. Yeah, that's what I was just thinking. Yeah. The fact that this is how
Carl Rove gets his start in politics, and this is a lot, very similar to what happens to
W in 2000, not a coincidence.
It's cool stuff.
I'm glad that that started, right?
Yeah, it's really depressing.
So, Lee Atwater, in the early to mid-70s, is an early, a chief acolyte and practitioner
of the Southern Strategy.
You know, he's this huge figure in getting the college Republicans organized, and he
graduates from that to being a campaign.
Like, he's like a mercenary campaign strategist and, you know, aid or whatnot.
Like, you'll bring him on if you need a dirty tricks guy.
And he proved himself incredibly good at that.
One of his first big jobs in 1978 is working as an advisor to Strom Thurman's re-election campaign.
It's here he would notch his first major victory.
The guy that Thurmond is running against is Charles Ravanaugh, who the Times described as
the then-rising young star of Charleston politics.
Lee set himself to the task of strangling Ravenel's career in the cradle.
Through relentless digging, he came across a quote from Ravenel in a small...
This is how he describes it.
He finds like an interview in a small weekly newspaper called Manhattan East,
quoting Charles Ravenel as having told a Park Avenue fundraiser
that if elected, he'd be the third senator from New York.
You see what he's...
The quote is him basically saying, like, I know I'm running in South Carolina,
but if I get elected, you know, if you donate and help me get elected,
I'll vote like a senator from New York, right?
This shouldn't be legal.
Right.
Now, Ravenel denies ever saying this.
There's no actual evidence that he says this.
And the rumor is that Atwater planted the story.
He either bribed a reporter or an editor to put an article in this tiny paper with minimal
circulation because it didn't need to get read by people.
There just need to be something he could grab and then, like, read out and have put in
attack ads, right?
Yeah, he can turn it into a problem.
Right.
And this quote becomes the single most repeated claim in Thurman's attack ads against Ravenel.
And again, I can't tell you to a point of certainty that he planted that story.
But if he did, it wasn't the only time he did that in a 1978 election.
Because that same year, he also consulted on a House of Representatives race for his old friend Carol Campbell.
We talked about their friendship.
They were buddies in high school.
And their competition.
Of super fame.
Yeah, of soup fame.
of the Campbell's fortune.
The competition is a guy named Max Heller.
At the time, Max Heller was the mayor of Greenville.
He was also Jewish and a literal Holocaust survivor, right?
He had like, like, nearly survived the hall.
Oh, yeah, this is going in such a dark direction.
Per the New York Times.
Atwater's accusers claimed that as an informal advisor to Campbell,
he passed secret polling information to Don Sprouse,
a third-party candidate, who then used the information
to undermine Heller's campaign.
Political analyst Alan Barron has revealed that Campbell's pollster in 1978, Arthur J. Finkelstein
of Irvington, New York, told him that his data showed South Carolina voters would reject a
foreign-born Jew who did not believe in Jesus Christ as the Savior.
Marvin Chernoff, a Democratic consultant in Columbia, claims that Atwater specifically told him
of passing Finkelstein's secret poll to Sprouse.
And Atwater denies this, but Sprow is literally going up to Max Heller and being like,
do you believe in Jesus as our Lord and Savior?
And like saying like, I think at one point you basically asked like, do you, did the Jews
crucify Jesus?
Like it's really anti-Semitic shit.
And this is not, this is not Campbell.
That's not the guy that Atwater is working for.
It's this third party who he is using to be, to put this racist stuff out so that voters
are thinking, well, this guy's not really a Christian, right?
And they're also, they're not tying Campbell to the anti-Semitism.
So he gets the best of both worlds.
It comes from a different origin, yeah.
Right, right.
And this is the way Atwater works, right?
And, you know, he denies this.
There's significant evidence in a number of people who tie him to this happening.
Finkelstein and all of the Campbell's campaign staffers deny the accusations, too.
But Campbell's campaign manager has since admitted to a late-night meeting with Sprauss representatives
in a Greenville parking lot before the election.
And the Finkelstein poll released by Campbell did ask voters to,
compare how they would feel about a race between a Jewish immigrant and a native South Carolinian.
Oh, that's good.
That's expert stuff.
It's all, this is all very, very Lee Atwater shit, right?
And if true, these allegations are just entirely consistent with what we've already seen from Lee.
In high school, this is the guy who's making up fake polls to swing elections.
Atwater is also engaging during the 78 election in more skullduggery on Thurman's behalf, right,
to help the segregation of senators shake off some of the bad PR from his constant
public racism. And this really shows you how smart Atwater is. His solution to the problem of Thurman
being a famous racist is very innovative. He has campaign representatives announce that they're
throwing all of their efforts into getting out the black vote. Thurman goes so far as to send his
six-year-old daughter to an integrated public school. So it looks like Thurman's really trying to reform his
image and get black people to vote for him, but they know that's not going to work. This is a faint,
right? Black people are not going to vote for Strom Thurman and Atwater knows it. But Ravenel's
campaign, he knows, is going to panic when they see Thurman going out for this vote and they're
going to redouble their efforts to get the black vote. To get the black vote, which is already
going to go to them. Yeah. And that's number one. They're not focusing then on the other votes
they need to get. And also it's going to convince the white voters who is really who the primary
amount of Atwater's PR is going out towards that, well, this other guy is campaigning for black
people, right? He doesn't care about white people, right? That's the strategy, and it works
perfectly. A Democratic Party operative at the time summarized the result. The Ravenel campaign
looked like it spent all its time going after black voters. While swing voters are turned
off, they vote for Thurmond, and he retains his seat. So yeah, that's where we are at
at 178. At least gotten his political crew off to a rousing start. Yeah, that's a smart
operation. It's a smart operation. Evil but smart. Speaking of evil but smart, the sponsors of our
podcast, all very evil, but all geniuses. So why fight them? Just let it happen to you. If you can't
beat them. If you can't beat them, take their money. Liz went from being interested in true
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And he just looks like he's seen a ghost, and he's just in shock.
And he said, your dad's been killed.
This is Hands Tide, a true crime podcast exploring the murder of Jim Milgar.
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Her dad had been stabbed to death.
It didn't feel real at all.
For more than a decade, Liz has been trying to figure out what happened.
There's a lot of guilt, I think, pushing me.
And I just, I want answers.
Listen to Hands Tide on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
What would you do if one bad decision forced you to choose between a maximum security prison
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Unfortunately from Mark Lombardo, this was the choice he faced.
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Shock incarceration, also known as boot camps, are short-term, highly regimented correctional programs that mimic military basic training.
These programs aim to provide a shock of prison life, emphasizing strict discipline, physical training, hard labor, and rehabilitation programs.
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and had no idea of the hell awaiting him the next six months.
The first night was so overwhelming
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And we didn't know what to expect in the morning.
Nobody tells you anything.
Listen to shock incarceration on the IHeartRadio app,
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I'm Dr. Joy Hardin-Brandford,
In session 421 of therapy for black girls, I sit down with Dr. Ophia and Billy Shaka
to explore how our hair connects to our identity, mental health, and the ways we heal.
Because I think hair is a complex language system, right?
In terms of it can tell how old you are, your marital status, where you're from, you're
a spiritual belief.
But I think with social media, there's like a hyperfixation and observation of our hair,
right?
That this is sometimes the first thing someone sees when we make a post or a reason.
is how our hair is styled.
You talk about the important role
hairstylists play in our community,
the pressure to always look put together,
and how breaking up with perfection
can actually free us.
Plus, if you're someone who gets anxious about flying,
don't miss Session 418 with Dr. Angela Neil Barnett,
where we dive into managing flight anxiety.
Listen to therapy for black girls
on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,
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And we're back.
So by 1980, Lee Atwater's got himself a reputation,
not as a great political thinker,
or even as like the best campaign strategist,
but as a connoisseur of dirty tricks.
And so wherever a Republican is in trouble,
he is increasingly the guy they call for,
or increasingly the guy the RNC sends their way
to set off a couple of bombs, right?
He is their secret weapon.
Like, we can deploy Lee anywhere we need,
we need some extra help and we're willing to be unethical with it, right?
They just like, they just like air drop him in with that parachute.
Yes, he's the 82nd airborne of being a scummy political campaign manager.
Takes off his flight suit, has a black suit underneath briefcase, ready to go.
Ready to go.
For example, in the 1980s, South Carolina congressional race, he was brought in to do push polling
for Representative Floyd Spence.
Spence was running against former state senator Tom Turnip Seed.
That is a real name.
Wow.
I just really got to focus on that for a second.
I have heard of Tom Turnip Seed before.
Yes, Tom Turnip Seed.
It's a name you can't forget.
It's impossible to forget Tom Turnip Seed.
Now, as a child, when he's like a teenage boy, Tom has depression and he has to undergo
shock therapy, like electroshock therapy for his depression, which is, I think probably
was unnecessary at the time, but it's also a not uncommon treatment at the time, and obviously
not something he has any choice in because he's a child. Not that this should be stigmatizing,
but I don't think it's often unnecessary when it's given in this period of time for stuff like
this. Tom had discussed this in public. He had been open about the fact that as a kid he struggled
with mental health, and he went through this kind of treatment. This is a thing he talked about
because he admirably, I think, wanted to destigmatize mental health treatment. And unfortunately,
this is going to make him incredibly vulnerable to Lee Atwater.
So at the same time that Lee picks up on the fact that Tom's gone undergone electroshock
therapy, he finds out that Tom is a member of the NAACP and has been a civil rights
activist.
So he started off as a segregationist and then saw the light, I guess.
Yeah, he's been he's been good for a while on it.
And Lee is going to frame this as he's a.
radical leftist black supremacist, right? He gets anonymous guys to do push calls, you know,
where they're, or push polls where they're saying, are you comfortable voting for like a man
with ties to the NAACP who's like a radical civil rights activist? And at the same time,
are you comfortable voting for a man who received electroshock therapy for his severe mental
illness? Yeah, okay. All right, buddy. On its own, that's not enough to spin the election
because push polls only reach so many people. So he's got a question of
how do I launder the electroshock therapy thing into becoming a central campaign issue
without looking evil, looking like I'm trying to do it?
And Atwater finds a solution.
He finds a couple of reporters.
He's giving a press conference, and he's talking with a couple of reporters before the press conference,
and he brings up the electroshock therapy thing in order to be like, basically say,
you should ask me about this, right?
He's planting the question in their heads, right?
So they ask him about this and, you know, he gives an answer and they ask him something else about Tom Turnip Seed.
And he responds being like, I'm not going to respond to allegations made by someone who's been hooked up to jumper cables, right?
Like, that's the way he frames this.
Like, he gets this brought up so that he can say, I don't have to answer questions from a man who got hooked up to jumper cables.
So that he has this retort pre-planned and this was all a scheme just to say that.
He sets up the question so that he can give that answer, right?
So turnip seed loses, and Lee's dirty tricks are often given some of the blame.
Now, when I was doing my research, I was curious as to how Atwater planted questions with the press,
and it seems like he had a few different ways of doing this.
But what surprised me was that he would openly acknowledge to the journalists that he used this way after doing so.
This is a quote from an article by Eleanor Randolph in the New York Times.
Lee Bandy, a respected political journalist for the state newspaper in South Carolina,
recalled the time he accidentally helped one of Mr. Atwater's candidates,
the former governor Ronald Reagan of California.
Later, Mr. Bandy recalled that Lee laughed and said,
Bandy, you got used.
So he celebrates this.
He likes being, like, he wants you to know when he's done this, for one thing.
He's proud of it, right?
It's like he can't help himself.
No.
Now, Lee's main gig in 19.
was working as the Southern Regional Coordinator for Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign.
At this point, the Southern strategy had been named for at least a decade and practiced for much longer.
But Lee had notes, and he suggested a revision to his bosses.
After getting nominated, he urged, Reagan should start his campaign in Philadelphia, Mississippi.
And before this, by the way, he does like a fuck job on Bush.
Like he's helping Reagan kind of win the primary against Bush, which is.
going to like piss off Bush a bit, but it's just not as interesting as his crimes against
less deserving people.
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
I mean, it makes sense because like Reagan's, Reagan's a performer, so.
Reagan's a performer, right?
So after getting nominated, he urges Reagan to start his campaign in Philadelphia and Mississippi.
And if you look at videos from this, it's just white people in the crowd, right?
And his point to doing this is to, like, he's basically got a revamped version of the Southern
strategy, writing for the nation.
Antonio de Ambrosio describes this as a not so subtle attempt to make race a central part of Reagan's
presidential bid. It worked. In an article for the Othering and Belonging Institute at Berkeley,
John Powell goes into more detail. They did so, revamped the Southern strategy, but not only by
criticizing federal civil rights legislation and impuging federal desegregation orders, but by railing
against busing, government dependency, and welfare, or by espousing such seemingly race-neutral
ideas as states' rights and local control as signals to preserve Jim Crowe from federal intrusion.
Even without making explicitly racist comments, the dog whistle was clearly heard by those who were
its intended recipients. These strategies, combined, called the Southern strategy, was designed
to create a national Republican majority built in part on white resentment. The dog whistle worked
because it was heard and understood by the conservative white base, yet not by more moderate
and northern whites. It meant activating racial resentment for one part of the
population while denying that fact to the rest.
The Southern Strategy married the conservative politics antipathy to marginal tax rates
and civil rights, labor and environmental regulations to corporate entities with culturally
conservative antipathy towards civil rights, women's rights, and gay rights.
And we've been stuck here ever since.
Yeah.
This is a huge success.
And to be clear, I'm not giving Lee out what are all of the credit for Reagan winning.
He doesn't deserve it.
He's not the main guy leading the campaign.
but he has a significant role in the South,
and he's a big part of he, like, convinces him to do his, you know,
to do that first big meeting in Mississippi.
He has a major role in shaping how Reagan campaigns, right?
You know, and it's worth debating how integral was he to Reagan's ultimate victory in his first term.
But people within the party certainly saw him as having played a significant role
because he gets a job in the White House, right?
And he basically has to have one created for him,
and there is fighting against this
because a lot of people don't trust him
because he's the dirty tricks guy.
Yeah, why would you want the dirty tricks guy
in the White House?
Right, right.
But they create basically an entry-level position for him
where he's like White House deputy political director, right?
That's the job that he gets under Reagan.
Now, in 1981.
He's one of like the supporting characters in Veep.
Yes, he's like...
But he's also a kind of a mastermind behind the seams
because he starts scheming as soon as he gets into this job.
We'll talk about that.
But in 1981, just as he's settling into the White House,
a political scientist at Case Western Reserve University
named Alex Lammis reaches out to Lee.
Lamas is one of the first people outside of the Republican Party
who noticed that Atwater's not just another consultant
willing to get his hands dirty,
but he's someone who's changing the way the game is played.
He's someone with like a generational understanding
of how politics works
that is shifting the way politics.
is done.
Yeah, by playing the game the way he does, he's actually changing the fundamental rules
of the game.
Yes, yes, exactly.
And this guy, Lamas is one of the first people to realize it.
And he interviews Lee.
And it's kind of part on and part off the record, but all of it's recorded.
And this recording gives us a fascinating insight.
The thing that's famous about Lee is this quote of him explaining the Southern
Strategy in this interview.
If you've ever read about it, you've read that quote of Lee Atwater.
and for a long time people didn't know
is this really Lee or not
because like the name kind of was out there
this interviewer had basically claimed it
but like no one was proof
there was no proof until fairly recently
when the audio got released
and now you can hear him which we're going to hear in a little bit
but the interview gives like a really
fascinating insight into Lee's expectations
on the future of progress and how he talked
about stuff like racism and politics
he asserts in the interview
my generation will be the first generation of Southerners
that won't be prejudiced.
And this seems rich coming from a guy
who repeatedly campaigned on race, right?
Yeah.
But Atwater's argument is that, no, no, no,
I did a lot to get guys like Thurman
to shut up about the Civil Rights and Voting Act
and just focus on fiscal conservatism
and cutting social programs and drugs
and welfare.
Yeah.
His argument is that the Southern strategy
is actually a step forward
because you're hiding the racism, right?
And there's a degree of, I don't know if it's shame or guilt that he has when talking about how the Southern strategy works.
Because Lammis basically asks him, like, how do you square this belief that Southerners aren't racist with this whole strategy based on racism?
And Lee gives this answer that's going to become super famous, one of those famous quotes in the history of U.S. politics.
And he prefaces it by saying, now, y'all aren't going to quote me on this.
Right?
Jesus.
When they assure them they aren't.
And they kind of don't.
But anyway, here's what he says.
We're going to play you the famous quote.
This is the actual audio of Lee saying it.
There's a good chance you've read this.
But yeah.
And now y'all are quoting me out on this.
You start out in 1954 by saying, nigger, nigger, nigger.
By 1968, you can't say nigger.
That hurts your backfire.
So you say stuff like force pussing, states rights and all that stuff.
And you're getting so abstract now.
you're talking about cutting taxes and all of these things you're talking about are totally
economic things and the byproduct of them is blacks get hurt worse than white and subconsciously
maybe that is part of it I'm not saying that but I'm saying that if it is getting that abstract
and that coded that we're doing away with the racial problem one way or the other you follow
me I don't know if that's truly it's interesting though that he kind of seems like he has to
believe that that like this awful racist strategy just because like we're doing a way with
more racism than we're embracing right yeah I mean like does he view this as like a form of like
progress in a way I mean I guess he kind of does that's part of what he's outlying in the clip
yeah the the effect is still the same right and that's the you know it's an open question
does he really think that he's actually reduced racism at all
Does he really think that this is better in that way?
Or is this just what he wants this academic to believe
because he doesn't want to have the,
he doesn't want to have the legacy of a racist, right?
Well, at least he wasn't quoted on that.
At least he wasn't quoted on that until now.
And yeah, I think that's a good point to end.
We'll be doing three parts this week.
So you'll get them all this week, folks.
A new next episode on Thursday.
Garrison, anything you want to plug before we,
we close out for the day
Well, our show
It Could Happen here, which you're also on Robert
and our weekly news roundup on it could happen here
called Executive Disorder, which now has its own
special feed, which we've been working on for a long time,
a whole bunch of different series that myself, James Stout,
and Robert has put together have their own feeds
on it could happen here now, so it's easier to find episodes
all in the same, following the same story,
like Myanmar, Cop City, and also executive disorder.
So, yeah, that's the main thing.
Also, I occasionally tell a mix of humor and jokes based on terrorism at a bar in Brooklyn that you can, if you know, you know.
If you're a gay person in Brooklyn, you can figure it out.
Oh, there you go.
Go find Garrison in Brooklyn.
Or maybe don't do that.
Jesus, Robert.
You know, do something.
Do something.
Uh, yeah, even if it's bad.
As long as you're taking action, that's all that matters.
It's okay if it's evil.
You feel like you're really internalizing.
Uh-huh.
Lee's, uh, Lee's life.
The Lee Hatwater strategy?
Yeah.
You're as many people as you want, as long as you're doing something.
Anything to quiet the sound of your brother's screaming as he boils alive in oil.
Christ.
You do have to keep remembering that every one of these things he's doing, the, like,
whatever you look at Lee,
just like smiling blankly at you in the you have to imagine in his head the only sound going on
instead of static it's just his brother screaming as he dies this sucks good stuff i am excited that
at the bottom of this page in the script where we're going to get some uh we're going to get
some black manifold and stone oh yeah oh yeah you did call it garrison roger stone is a key
part of this story um yes yes all that and more things to lick full
to my friends.
Part Trace.
All right.
Everybody get off the internet now.
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