Better Offline - CZM Rewind: Cory Doctorow and Ed Zitron on Enshittification and the Rot Economy

Episode Date: May 6, 2026

This week’s Better Offline is a recording of a panel held by Clarion West in Seattle earlier this year with Cory Doctorow and Ed Zitron, discussing enshittification, The Rot Economy, and the destruction of modern tech platforms, moderated by Whitney Beltrán. Original Air Date: 11.12.25Cory Doctorow: https://craphound.com/Whitney Beltrán: https://brightwhitney.com/ Get involved with Clarion West: https://www.clarionwest.org/get-involved/give/Clarion West is a nonprofit literary organization that runs an acclaimed six-week residential workshop every summer, online classes and workshops, one-day and weekend workshops, a reading series every summer, and other events throughout the year. At Clarion West, you’ll be among award-winning and best-selling writers in science fiction, fantasy, games, horror, and more. Our workshops and classes are taught by world-class instructors from across the field of speculative fiction. Wherever you may be in your career, whether novice or sage, we offer a diverse listing of classes that is packed with valuable information to take your writing to the next level. Want to support me? Get $10 off a year’s subscription to my premium newsletter: https://edzitronswheresyouredatghostio.outpost.pub/public/promo-subscription/w08jbm4jwg it would mean a lot! YOU CAN NOW BUY BETTER OFFLINE MERCH! Go to https://cottonbureau.com/people/better-offline and use code FREE99 for free shipping on orders of $99 or more. --- LINKS: https://www.tinyurl.com/betterofflinelinks Newsletter: https://www.wheresyoured.at/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/BetterOffline/  Discord: chat.wheresyoured.at Ed's Socials: https://twitter.com/edzitron https://www.instagram.com/edzitron https://bsky.app/profile/edzitron.com https://www.threads.net/@edzitron Email Me: [e-mail] omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Listen to Drink Chams from the Black Effect Podcast Network on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast. All Zone Media. Hello and welcome to this week's Better Offline. I'm your host, Ed Zittron. So this week is going to be a recording of a panel held in Seattle at the Seattle Public Library with my good man, Corey Dogtero, and we were discussing in shitification, the rot economy,

and the destruction of modern tech platforms. We were moderated by the wonderful Whitney Beltran, and big up to Clarion West, a wonderful group out there, non-profit, you should definitely support. Everything in the episode notes. Have fun with this. I certainly did. Well, welcome, everybody. Again, thank you for hucking it out on this Wednesday night.

We're really excited to have you all. The energy in the room is great. We're all here to talk about what is happening to us and seems to be spinning wildly out of our control and what it is and how it's going to affect us and what we can possibly do about it. Future-facing. I have two.

really, really illustrious guests with me tonight, Corey and Ed. I did my research beforehand and watched all of their other interviews with other people. I'm not going to do as good of a job. So I'm really counting on them to shine. But for those of you who maybe just showed up by accident, I would love for first Corey and then Ed to do a brief

introduction of themselves before we launch into this really incredible topic. So Corey, why don't you go ahead? Hi, I'm Corey Doctoro. I have worked with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a digital rights group for a quarter of a century now. I've been an active listener journalist and a writer. I'm a recovering library worker and bookseller

and Clarion West instructor every now and again. And I'm very pleased to be back here in Seattle to talk with you folks. All right, so yeah, let's open up this pit. I'm Ed Zetron. I'm the host of a podcast called Better Offline about technology and that the K of Society. I also write a newsletters called Where's Your Edat that I mostly started because I was

depressed. It's got 8,000 subscribers now somehow. But yeah, I write about tech, the K of society, and I had to learn a bunch of economics to do it, which was extremely exhausting, but I enjoy it. Thank you for being here. Okay, so we're just going to have like a little bitty five minutes on the basics before we launch into the complexities of the situation wherein I'm going to start with an anecdote, which is one day I woke up and Google sucked. I don't know what happened, but one day I was looking for a thing, and I'm like, this is so much worse than I am used to. And that tripped me into a world of it sucks on purpose.

Here's why. And I would love for Ed and Corey to tell me why Google sucks. Ed, do you want to start by talking about Prabagar Ragavan? Popagovangar Ragavan. Love saying that motherfucker's name. So, I don't know if any of you've read it. the man who killed Google Search, which was a piece that I wrote by accident. I found a bunch of notes from the Department of Justice.

Anyway, long story short, around the early part of 2020, there was a thing called a code yellow at Google, which just meant that was, I'm going to use some financial things, but there was query weakness in Google, which means that not enough people were just asking Google things. Now you may think, well, Google ideally gets you an answer, right? No, no, no, you pleb. How dare you? What do you mean? You get an answer? So fuck you, you need to look at ads.

Sundar Peshai needs, and all of his McKinsey friends need to do their seance or whatever. Nevertheless, there was an internal argument at Google. There was a guy called Ben Goams around search. We literally said, I'm worried that all Google cares about his growth. Turns out he was right. Around June that year, a guy called Propagar Ragavam took over. He was formerly the head of ads, and he pushed Ben Goams to change things to make Google search worse, to keep people on Google search.

So the decay of Google Search really started then. It was actually a few years beforehand. They were slowly making it, so it was harder to tell sponsored links and ads from regular search results. The point it's pretty much impossible now, and most of the results are pretty bad as well. But long story short, Google deliberately made things worse, and the guy who's called Prabagor Ragavan, remember that name, Ars Wipe. He mandated basically that, I can't prove it, but it matches up, that he just reduced the quality of results. They allowed websites that had been previously pushed down to come back, spammy results, so that you ended up farting around on Google more, seeing more impressions, and Bing Bong, number go up.

Prabaghar, sadly, he sadly moved on. He's alive. He is now the chief technologist at Google. I would say like 30% my work was the problem. The funny thing is that Propagar was riding high, taking a massive, massive growth of Google. He was doing so well. And then he got made to take over Gemini, Google's AI. And then there was a thing in, I think it was early 2024, where this, well, maybe it was 2025, where Google Gemini was generating Chinese George Washington's. And the conservatives were going and there was, there's a black Nazi. There's a Chinese George Washington. I can't, my tiny little brain is vibrating at a thousand miles a minute. And for some reason, Propagal Ragavan had to take responsibility. And this is not a charming man. This isn't a man who's like a political navigate. He's just rude.

He's very good at being rude. In the end, sadly, propaganda's work has been done. Google sucks now. And as Corey will tell you in his excellent book and across this wonderful literature, this is a platform problem across basically the entirety of the internet. Yeah, so Ed has got this way of talking. There we go. I do have an honorary PhD in computer science.

So Ed has got this way of talking about. talking about the ideology that says, let's make Google worse in order to increase profits. And you have to understand, you know, when Google hit this code yellow, they had a 90% market share in search. So of course, query growth had slowed, right? How do you increase query growth when you have a 90% market share? You can raise a billion humans to maturity and make them Google customers. That's a product called Google Classroom, but it doesn't work quickly. And so they needed something else to goose growth, and they came up with this idea, let's make Google worse in order to make more money. And you see in these documents that

had surfaced this ferocious debate between technologists who want to do the right thing in the form of Ben Gomes and business people who want to do the wrong thing in the form of Pragavar-Ragavon. And what's interesting about this is that although for many years you can imagine fights like this played out at Google where the side that wanted to make things better, won out against the side that wanted to make things worse, in this case you see that this guy losing. And he's because his argument consists of if I made Google worse I would feel bad about my work and my life and Prabhaba Ragavans argument is if we make Google worse we'll make a lot more money and there's one other thing as well Jerry Dishler who's now the head of ads one of his things was look I'm not

saying that revenue needs to control ads however we all have a shared reality there's basically what he said it's fucking in when you read these things it's chilling and makes you think of things you can't say in public So, you know, you have to wonder, like, what is it that created this environment? Ed calls the mindset that says, well, if you can, you should worsen things to make money, the wrought economy. And I think it's a very apt phrase. And the question that I try to interrogate in shittification is what gave rise to it, right? What created the inshidocene?

And my conclusion is, it wasn't because you shopped wrong, right? It's not because, oh, you didn't pay for the product, so you became the product. You know, farmers who buy half-million-dollar tractors are exploited by John Deere, which won't let their repairs go live until they pay a $200 call-out fee for a John Deere person to come out and type an unlock code into the keyboard. Now, that is not a free ad-supported tractor, right? That's a tractor they paid, you know, six large for, and it won't work until they pay ransom money. So it's not because you shopped wrong.

It's also not because these guys are the wrong guys to be running the company. They are terrible people. But the reality is that these Zucker-Muskyan mediocrities that run these companies are not smart enough to be causes. They must be effects, right? They're responding to an insidogenic environment created by policy. And that policy in the case of Google is the policy that oversaw for decades. Google's serial acquisition of both vertical and horizontal competitors so that a company that had only made one really successful consumer-facing product,

which they made a millennium ago, right, at their search engine. And that had almost, with that exception, failed to launch anything internally, except for things they bought from other people in anti-competitive acquisitions, to the point where they bought all the shelf space, right? Nowhere else a search engine could take root. They're bribing Apple to the tune of more than $20 billion a year, not to enter the search market and have a direct competitor that would erode their margins.

So they become too big to care. And this is really my thesis, right? That it's as much as Ed is right to be angry at Pepegar Raghavan, there are people alive today and not so recently dead who presided over shifts in our policy environment where they were warned at the time that the decisions that they were contemplating would have the absolutely foreseeable effect

of rewarding firms that did bad things to us, who took those decisions. anyway and today are like hanging around polishing their fake Nobel prizes in economics and collecting six-figure consulting fees working for blue chips and not being held responsible at all much less worrying that when they go out abroad amongst us that someone might be sizing them up for a pitchfork and so that's the thing that I want to recover in this book and I think the I'm gonna jump in here oh my bad okay so this is Seattle and collectively

Seattleites we tend to have certain feelings about capitalism Would you say either of you that this phenomenon, right, this raw economy is just an inescapable fact of capitalism? Or is there real policy change? Is there some other way we could do this, that we could askew this rot economy and actually still have functioning capitalism in some way and the things that we want and improved lives? So a lot of people talk about going back in time and killing baby Hitler. Fine. I also think baby Reagan should be on the table. Same goes for that fuckhead, that fuckhead Milton Friedman. Finally, an audience with class.

Because whatever, however you feel about capitalism, the whole growth focus capitalism started Milton Friedman in the free market nonsense. I'm not going to spend as many angry hours as I need to to get that out of my system. The force of capitalism are obvious, but the real, once you remove the regulation, once you allowed Reagan and his various judges to pull away regulation, and just effectively stop doing antitrust. When Lena Khan, who was good, was remarkable because she tried. That was the real, like, Lena Khan is excellent.

I've had her on the show, I'm going to have her back, she's fantastic, but it's like, she was particularly remarkable because she was like, actually knew what she was talking about. I know, I was surprised. And also was like, what would stop these companies from doing things? What would be the incentives? The incentives were created over the course of decades. Yes, capitalism is at its root doing what capitalists.

will do, but by allowing it to be unrestrained and allowing the markets to become growth drunk, because that's all the markets, that is the center of the rot economy, that everything is growth. Every single thing is driven by growth. Nothing to the point that the AI economy isn't even, there's like $60 billion of real revenue. It's not about even whether the product creates money anymore. It's just number go up forever. It sounds simple, but it is at the root of everything. Yeah, I mean, I think that makes a really good point here. And, you know, look, I'm not someone who believes that markets are the best or only arbiter of how we allocate resources. I think that there are other ways that we can do things.

But even if you are the kind of like Elon Musk, Adeld, you know, libertarian who can't open your copy of Atlas shrugged anymore because the pages are all stuck together. And you think that the only thing that our government should ever do is enforce contracts, you still want them to enforce contracts. Right? And for the referee to referee the game adequately, they have to be more powerful than the players on the field. So I tell my libertarian friends, look, the smallest government you can have is determined by the largest corporation you're willing to tolerate.

And the decision, which was taken in the late 1970s, first under Carter, and then accelerating under Reagan and through the rest of it, and really co-terminal with the tech industry. So remember, Ronald Reagan went on the campaign trail the year the Apple 2 Plus went on sale. The tech industry grew up, and as it got bigger, antitrust got smaller. It's really the first post-antitrust industry, which is why it looks the way it does.

And when we decided that we would no longer enforce anti-monopoly law, we really did set in motion these very foreseeable outcomes. And the people responsible for it, they insist that their pro-monopoly posture, which boil down to this, that monopolies are efficient, that when you observe a monopoly in the wild, what you must be seeing as a company that is very pleasing to people, because if a company isn't pleasing to people, then other people will enter the market and take away your monopoly.

And so any monopoly that you find, tautologically by circular reasoning, must be a good company. And so if Apple is controlling all of the app market, if Google is controlling 90% of the search market, what you're observing is a firm that is so pleasing that everyone is voluntarily using them, and if they weren't, then they would be out-competed. And so they said, well, let's tolerate monopolies as efficient.

Let's not engage in this perverse labor of punishing companies for pleasing the people who've elected us to represent them. Let us celebrate these new efficiencies. And you do that for 40 years, and suddenly every sector becomes a cartel. We have this in glass bottles, vitamin C, glasses, intermodal shipping, rail.

The internet, as Tom Eastman says, is five giant websites filled with screenshots of text from the other four. We have it in semiconductors. We have it in professional wrestling. We have it in plastic bags filled with sterile saline. And one company controls not just the hospital beds, but also the coffins.

Think about that for a minute. Right? So this rampant monopolization did ultimately give rise to this world where firm didn't have to worry about being disciplined by markets, but it also meant they didn't have to worry about being disciplined by governments. Because when you boil a sector down to just a handful of firms, it's very easy for them to decide what line of bullshit they're going to feed to their regulators,

and because they are so a slosh in money, because they don't compete head-to-head. You know, for Google, $20 billion a year to Apple not to enter the search market is a bargain because the erosion of both of their margins that they were competing head-to-head in these markets that they've actually divided up amongst themselves, like the Pope dividing up the new world, would cost them both far more than $20 billion. They'd have to hire each other's employees and pay them more.

They'd have to offer us cheaper things. They'd have to be better to advertisers. They'd have to be better to publishers. And that would erode their margins. And so you end up with this moment where they have all of this money. They find it very easy to come to a single position, and their regulators do as they're told. And so we end up with both regulatory capture

and market capture, arising out of the same set of policy choices. And so two of the most important forces that we count on to punish companies that do bad things to ensure that when Pragabar-Ragavan and Les Gomes are fighting, that Les Gomes can say more than this would make me feel bad about my life's work. He can say, and we're going to have our lunches eaten

by someone smarter than us, or we're going to get smacked around by a regulator that at that moment he's going to lose that argument. And so this is how you end up with the devil of your worst nature on your left shoulder whispering your ear and winning the argument over the angel of your better nature and your right shoulder telling you to do the right thing. Five months Toronto, pride is an opportunity for you to create your own space to celebrate your existence. Iheart Radio is proud to be an official sponsor of Pride Toronto Festival and we won't

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Like, we've been thinking about the loneliness epidemic all wrong. You can be lonely in a marriage. You can be lonely at a party. I don't think loneliness is actually about solidity. loneliness is about something much bigger. Or that we should get rid of small talk altogether. We talk about current events. We talk about what you do for a living.

But not, do you love what you do for a living? Is this your dream job? Or that the mental health crisis isn't what we think it is, and that kids today are doing better than we assume. It was really disorienting for us as researchers to be so wrong about our hypothesis. We are so scared that we are going to underreact to a severe challenge that we tend to overreact.

For more surprising ideas backed by psychological science, check out our new series, Happiness Hot Takes. Listen to the Happiness Lab with me, Dr. Laurie Santos, on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. So on that note, our regulators are not really regulating right now in general. And for us, the average person, right, this is all really over our heads power-wise. Like, we as individuals don't really have power to do anything about getting Google to behave, right? But what do we do in our personal lives when we're affected by this, right? Like, I work in video games and working on cyberpunk too. And I feel the effects of the Iraq economy and shitification on my job every day.

Like, it's very, very, very stressful. You know, I was talking to a woman earlier. Her name's Carolyn. Hi, Carolyn. about, you know, as effect on higher ed. So for us, for the people in this room, do you have any ideas or guidance for like, how do we live our lives now?

What do we do? So we live in a high information, low processing environment. The reason that regulators don't do much is not only because they're incentivized not to, but also they don't know shit about fuck. In fact, when you go around reading a ton of media, when you read a bunch of regulatory stuff, when you read what the government says about things,

they don't know what they're talking about. I don't even mean slightly. I mean that the markets have been running away with this idea that generative AI is the future. The media has been reporting that generative AI is replacing jobs. Neither of these are true. They're not true.

There are some jobs being eroded by LLMs, but it's jobs like translators that were already being eroded by machine translation. I forget the exact terms. And art directors. So real jobs, but contract labor. And also bosses that wouldn't pay real people anyway. the world itself is run on ignorance.

Not just social ignorance, but just straight up factual ignorance about what AI can do. And the reason I pick AI is because this is where you can actually be disruptive. You hear a fucking data center popping up, go to the town hall meeting. Make your mayor upset. I'm deadly serious. I saw one brave soul at a Wisconsin Data Center meeting. You just quoted my work, love him. Going to these places and actually, not making a scene,

going in saying, hey, there's only $60 billion worth of revenue in this industry. There's no growth outside of chat GPT. Like these companies, Open AI burned $9.2 billion in the first half of this year. That's fucking crazy. That's a completely crazy thing. There's no path to profitability for these things on top of their not being that much demand. I'm not just quoting things in my newsletter at you. This is the shit that you should be saying to your elected officials and show up at town hall meetings. They hate it. They do not want to see you, but they have to. So you show up and you tell them these very simple things and they'll say what I read in the newspaper shut the fuck up ma'er I want to hear from you ma'am I don't know

or bowser I guess but um nevertheless showing up and actually just saying the very basic things and sticking to your points we'll do a lot I know it sounds small but really these that's where you get things done because these data centers are probably not getting built anyway but if you can undermine them then they're really not getting built You know, when the early reviews started to come out for inshittification, there was a kind of common theme that emerged from some of these reviews. It was, I found this book very exciting and interesting. It gave me a way to attach a handle to something that had been kind of big and diffuse and frustrating to me that I couldn't make sense of. And now that I've got this handle on it, I feel like I can do something with it.

And I read all of these suggestions for how we could make policy at the end and what that would do in order to forestall or, or, roll back in shitification and make a better world. But there wasn't anything I could do personally in my life as a consumer. And, you know, they're right. They're right. I don't think your personal consumption choices really play a role in changing our systemic problems. Now, by all means, like, if there's like a business you want to support, go to third place

books instead of Amazon in order to get your books because it'll make their lives better and you'll have a bookstore in your community. But don't kid yourself that it's going to fix the structural problem of Amazon. The structural problem of Amazon is that regulators allow them to buy all of their competitors such that they were able to corner markets, and then they were able to lock people in. Am I too quiet? Is that the issue? All right.

And then they were able to lock people into their platform through getting them to pay in advance by a year for their shipping with prime, such that merchants found that they couldn't sell anywhere else, and then they were able to lard onto those merchants, 45 to 51% junk fees on every dollar they brought in. And then they were able to hit them with this most favored nation deal that says that if you raise your prices on Amazon to recover some of those 45 to 51% junk fees, you have to raise your prices everywhere else at Target and Walmart and mom and pop stores and your own warehouse store so that Amazon started to impose a worldwide tax on all consumption, right? And that's not a thing you solve by changing your own consumption habits. You know, by all means, if you feel that Twitter is bad for your mental health and it probably is and you want to go to blue sky, you want to go to mastodon, sure.

But just don't fetishize that as the thing that's going to make a systemic difference, right? The thing that makes a systemic difference is intervening not as an individual but as a polity. So as I've mentioned before, I work at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. We have a national network of grassroots groups including several here in Seattle called the Electronic Frontier Alliance. If you go to eFA.ef.org you can find some of these local chapters. And they work on things like limiting police use of facial recognition, buying surveillance technology, privacy for abortion seekers,

limitation on the use of digital infrastructure to track down people that ICE is chasing, right to repair laws. Washington's got a really good one. All of those things start at these grassroots levels. And it's getting involved as a polity that makes a difference. I know it's easy to despair if you think you can't solve things individually through your own consumption choices.

We've been told this for 40 years that you have to vote with your wallet. The reason rich people want you to vote with your wallet is they have thicker wall. wallets than you, right? You are always going to lose that election, right? So, you know, don't vote with your wallet. Be a citizen. Someone in the reception before this asked me about what advice I would give to tech workers, and statistically a bunch of you are probably tech workers. So, you know, the tech workers did have this chance to consolidate their power and they missed it. So for a long time,

one of the forces that constrain in shittification was workers themselves. Because tech workers are this uniquely constituted workforce historically. The tech sector has always had very low union density, but an enormous amount of worker power. And that's because tech workers were both very scarce and very, very valuable. The National Bureau of Economic Research estimates that the average tech worker in Silicon Valley in Seattle was adding a million dollars a year to their employer's bottom line. That's why they gave you free kombucha and massages and why they'd hire us. surgeon to freeze your eggs so you could work through your fertile years. It wasn't

because they loved you, right? It was because they were afraid of you getting a job across the street. Now we know how tech bosses treat the workers they're not afraid of losing, right? That's the Amazon driver who's got the AI camera that takes points off if they look away from the road to check something to one side or the other and it decides that their eyeballs were in the wrong orientation. It's the warehouse workers that are injured at three times the rate of other warehouse workers in the sector. It's everyone who pees in a bottle. It's people who assemble iPhones in China and have suicide nets around the factory.

That's how they treat the workers they're not afraid of. So there was this opportunity at one point for tech workers to use that power and consolidate it through a union. And they missed it, right? Because tech workers thought that they were temporarily embarrassed founders. They didn't think that they were workers. And they thought that because their bosses would meet them in monthly town hall, meetings where they could ask impertinent questions about corporate strategy that their bosses

thought that they were peers. But your boss didn't think you were a peer. Your boss thought you were a problem to solve. And after half a million layoffs in the tech sector, they're not afraid of you anymore. There's other workers who will take your job. You can no longer say, I refuse to inshidify that thing I missed my mother's funeral to ship, and you can't hire someone else to replace me because they'll just fire you and hire someone else to replace you.

And so now is the time to unionize. And it can... Yes. Also, if you have anything pertaining to the revenues or spend of anthropic or open AI, you could email me that information. And I could add shit, piss and fuck between the numbers. They love it in the podcast. And so, you know, it might feel like a bad time to be unionizing because we no longer have that National Labor Relations Board as it was constituted under Biden. In fact, it's been so illegally denuded of commissioners

that it can no longer form a quorum and investigate unfair labor practices, so it can feel like this is a bad time. But here's the category error Trump is making. Trump thinks that the reason we have unions is because we have the National Labor Relations Act. It's backwards, right? Long before unions were legal, we had unions, right?

And the union piece represented by the National Labor Relations Act was brought about because bosses were scared of what their workers were doing to them. at that point because militancy had gotten so intense that they sued for peace. And that peace came in two parts. Part of the National Labor Relations Act describes what your boss can't do to you, but a lot of the National Labor Relations Act is about what you can't do to your boss. And one guess which half of the National Labor Relations Act has been most vigorously enforced.

So Trump thinks that we fired the referee, and so that means all the players have to leave the field. He's wrong. When you fire the referee, it means there's no more rules, right? there's a reason that fascist attack unions first. It's because the opposite of fascism is solidarity. Yes. Excellent answers all around. And just to summarize, what I heard was don't vote with your wallet unionize.

So take that out the door. And eFA.eff.org. Plug it. Okay. My next question for you is one that a lot of people have been thinking about, which is the bubble. The bubble is coming. We've all heard about the bubble.

Is the bubble real? What is going to happen? If we are tiny investors that have our 401k and index funds, what the fuck do we do? Buy long poles to dig through rubble with canned goods. Let's try again. Ed? Go back in time,

but if you can't, know that gravity exists. Right now the market is going absolutely bad shit insane. I'm not a stock analyst. I cannot give you financial advice, but right now number going up. So maybe you could, I don't own stocks. I'm a psychopath. They live in cash. They invest in words.

The problem we have right now is that Invidia is the largest stock on the stock market. There has never been a more problematic fact than that. 88% or more of their revenue is selling these fucking GPUs. You want to know what happens when you plug those GPUs in? They start losing your money. Nobody, not a single company other than Nvidia, is making any kind of profit on AI. In fact, they're burning billions. The reason I tell you this is, You can't really navigate away from the bubble right now, other than just selling, I imagine.

So know what you're going into. Everything you're reading, Oracle, say right now, about their relationship with Open AI is bullshit. And to get specific, Oracle has a five-year-long $300 billion contract with Open AI. Sounds amazing, right? They just need four and a half gigawatts of data center capacity. Any guesses how much they have?

200 megawatts. Now, don't worry. than 400 gig less. That's a lot less. That's a lot less. And I must be clear, I actually mean power. IT load they've got about a buck 30. So not to worry though, because OpenAI

also doesn't have the money. Nevertheless, the stock has run. AMD now has a deal where they're going to sell chips to Open AI. Who the fuck knows who's paying? InVitia, same deal. Whenever you see Open AI involved, just don't.

Just don't do it. There is no avoiding a bubble popping now. There just isn't. So the smartest thing you can do is stick to the fun. We're going to get into the more hysterical phase now. We're going to see some crazy shit. I had someone suggest the other day that Open AI may do a SPAC IPO. I think it's insane, which is why it's possible. Do not let your money touch open AI under any circumstance. That company is cancer. I'd say the same thing about Anthropic. But just be aware that right now the stock market and all of the Associated Media is going to tell you, oh, there's a bubble. I've read many places. Oh, there's bubbles can be good. They can never be good. That's We don't call them bubble. I see it in multiple headlines.

We're like, yeah, but this is a good bubble. Yeah, you know, I've got the good kind of cancer. I got the good kind of diarrhea. Anyway, the point is, knowledge is power here, and you're going to look at the media, and the media's going to say, AI, number go up, everything great. Broadcom's going to ship $10 billion of chip,

10 gigawatts of chips to open AI by the end of 2029. Costs $50 billion in two and a half years to make a gigawatt. half years to make a gigawatt of date at a capacity. Everyone is going to feel like they're saying that this is inevitable. Know that it's not. I realize I can't give you much better advice than that, but just know that gravity exists. This cannot succeed on top of the fact that

everyone's unprofitable. It's not actually that popular either. Chad GPT is very popular because a lot of people love being driven insane or trying to fuck it, I think. And terrible subscribers. Forke no those those. For me, that's what my friends... Sorry, Caleb.

But it's frustrating as well, because I'm sure all of you have felt the poison of generative AI within your workplace and these people will tell you that you must learn. AI's coming, you must learn to use AI. The reason it's not able to do your jobs is it's shit.

Like, I realize that all of this sounds maybe very elementary to you, sounds like most of you get it, you're going to keep reading that it's not the case that it's replacing coders. It isn't. That is a fucking lie. Everyone's saying it. Sundapeshai Satchin Adela, Andy fucking Jassy. These chunderfucks love to say this stuff. It's not true.

So really the advice I can give you is this is going to pop. It's going to happen. And act accordingly. So let me advance a theory of the less bad and more bad bubble. If not a good bubble. That would be nice. So some bubbles have productive residues and some don't, right? So Enron left nothing behind, right?

Now WorldCom, which was a grotesque fraud, some of you will remember, right? They raised billions of dollars claiming that they had orders for fiber. They dug up the streets all over the world. They put fiber in the ground. They didn't have the orders for the fiber. They stole billions of dollars from everyday investors, people who just wanted to go through their old age without starving to death or not having a roof over their head.

The CEO died in prison, and it was going. good riddance, but there was still all that fiber in the ground, right? So I've got two gigabits symmetrical fiber at home in Burbank because AT&T bought some old dark fiber from WorldCom because fiber lasts forever, right? It's just, it's glass. So once it's there, it is a productive residue, right? So what kind of bubbles are we living through? Well, crypto is not going to leave behind anything. Crypto is going to leave behind shitty Austrian economics and worst JPEGs, right? AI, AI is actually going to leave behind some stuff. So if you want to think about like a post AI bubble world and I'm just I just got edits from my

editor I wrote a book over the summer called the reverse centaur's guide to life after AI and and if you want to think about a post AI world imagine what you would do if GPUs were 10 cents on the dollar if there were a lot of skilled applied statisticians looking for work and if you had a bunch of open source models that had barely been optimized and had a lot of room at the bottom, right? Corey, I got to push back on this. Okay. These AI GPUs are mostly owned by private equity firms and big tech.

The majority of the GPUs are not owned by people who will let them enter the market. And there are really not a ton of, like if the idea is that GPUs, someone will work something out, sure. But you don't think all the King's Horses and All the King's Men would have come up with something else? because that's the thing that I worry about, the thing that terrifies me about this bubble is this is not useful infrastructure at all. Everyone loves to say, oh, it's just like the dot-com bubble. It's nothing like that.

It's not even like the, at least the fiber was somewhat useful. These GPUs, the amount of power alone, and one of the reasons that Open AI and Anthropic have been able to have their monopolies is because... There's a big capital mode. Because they have the capital. And no one's going to have the capital to run these things. I mean, they'll be selling A-100s,

they'll be paying. you 50 cents an hour. It's just what terrifies me is the, and I'm not saying you're doing this, that there are people already trying to rationalize this and say, well, and you were the one that actually told me the stories of the dot-com where there were useful service space

because it's before AWS. Right. I don't see that usefulness here. So I take your point, I think that there's going to be a lot of firms in receivership, right? I don't think that private equity bosses' preferences are going to enter into it.

I think that there's going to be a lot of firms in receivers And I do think that when you contemplate the intersection of optimization of existing open source models, you know, think about what happened when DeepSik entered the market, right? You've got Chinese firms that are prohibited from using the more advanced GPUs. So rather than doing this sort of display of how serious they are about AI by spending as much money as they can, they went and they said, okay, well, what can we juice out of, you know, previous generations of GPUs? And then they got some pretty impressive results.

of results. Yeah, but what result? So they made it cheaper, sure. But what actually happened as a result of DeepSeek? Other than everyone, all of Silicon Valley went, didn't happen. Sure. They can't do it cheaper. They're Chinese.

So my point is not about the market reality, it's the material reality. So I'm talking about what happens after the market pops, right? So I have seen people do interesting and useful things with AI. I think you've probably seen people do some useful and interesting. I'll give you an example. I was writing an essay, and I couldn't remember. where I'd heard a quote I'd heard in a podcast. I can remember which quote it was. So I downloaded Whisper, which is an open source model from OpenAI, to my laptop, which doesn't have a GPU, right? A little

commodity laptop. I threw 30 hours of podcasts that I'd recently listened to at it. I got a full transcription in an hour where my fan didn't even turn on. That's awesome. Yeah. So I know tons of people to use this. And the title of the book, Reverse Centaur, refers to this idea from automation theory, where a Centaur is someone who gets to use machines to assist them. a human head on a machine body, right? And so, you know, you riding a bicycle, you're using a compiler. I thought it was a horse with human legs.

Yes, and a reverse centaur is, that's right, a machine head on a human body, right? It's someone who's been conscripted to be a peripheral for a machine, right? And when I, you know, I should say, you talked about good cancer, I have the least bad kind of cancer. I've got a very treatable form of cancer,

but I'm paying a lot of attention to stories about cancer and open source models. source models or AI models that can sometimes see solid mass tumors that radiologists miss. And if what we said was we at the Kaiser Oncology Department are going to invest in a service that is going to sometimes ask our radiologists to take a second look to see if they miss something such that instead of doing 100 x-rays a day, they're going to do 98, right? Then I would say as someone with cancer, hmm, that sounds interesting to me.

I don't think anyone is pitching any oncology ward in the world on that. I think the pitch is fire 90% of your oncologists, fire 90% of your radiologists, have the remainder babysit AI, have them be the accountability sinks and moral crumple zones for a machine that is processing this stuff at a speed that no human could possibly account for, have them put their name at the bottom of it,

and have them absorb the blame for your cost-cutting measures. And so, you know, when I hear people talk about AI, right, I hear programmers talk about AI doing things that are useful. Like one that I've heard many programmers say is I had one data file in a weird format that for one, as a one-off, I needed to get into a different format. And I had ways that I could check it until what was going on. And so I asked, I one-shot at it with an AI, I did some checksums, and it was great, and it saved me an hour. That's a centaur, right? Sure, but here's the thing. how many of those anecdotes actually exist

in any given time and how many of them are the DGX box that NVIDIA's launched like I could see a future where large language models are run locally, sure. Also I question how much of the cancer-related stuff would actually be generative, but that's a separate discussion because one of the things these people do is they conflate AI, which I've been around for a while, with generative.

And my concern is that I don't know, a lot of the anecdotal one-shot stuff and that Carl Brown internet of bugs if any of you have ever seen fantastic YouTube channel should look him up, he's fucking brilliant he said it makes the easy things easier and the harder things harder.

If we could have that as client side, awesome, but I don't really think any of this GPU infrastructure even in receivership is gonna like you can already get discount A100s H100s, H200s, can't wait for the discount Blackwell's pieces of shit. It is like love. You feel it in your heart.

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We talk about current events. We talk about what you do for a living, but not do you love what you do for a living. Is this your dream job? Or that the mental health crisis isn't what we think it is. and that kids today are doing better than we assume. It was really disorienting for us as researchers to be so wrong about our hypothesis. We are so scared that we are going to underreact to a severe challenge that we tend to overreact. For more surprising ideas backed by psychological science, check out our new series, Happiness Hot Takes. Listen to the Happiness Lab with me, Dr. Laurie Santos, on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. I'll give you another.

I'm going to put my fingers between the tigers here. I really want to squeeze out one more example here. It's a really good one because it's about a non-profit people should be supporting as well. So there's a nonprofit called the Human Rights Data Analysis Group, HRdag.org. It's run by some really brilliant mathematicians statisticians. They started off doing statistical extrapolations of war crimes for human rights tribunals, mostly in the Hague, and talking about the aspects of war crimes that,

were not visible but could be statistically inferred from adjacent data. They did a project with Innocence Project New Orleans, where they used LLMs to identify the linguistic correlates of arrest reports that produced exonerations. And they use that to analyze a lot more arrest reports than they could otherwise. And they put that at the top of a funnel

where lawyers and paralegals were able to accelerate their exoneration work. That's a new thing on this earth, right? It's very cool. And I'm like, OK, well, if these guys can accelerate that work, with cheap hardware that today is out of reach, if they can figure out how to use open source models

but make them more efficient because you've got all these skilled applied statisticians who are no longer caught up in the bubble, then I think we could see some useful things after the bubble. That's my argument for this is fiber in the ground and not shitty monkey JPEGs. Thank you both. We got there. So what I think I heard was we feel like the GPU infrastructure

is just kind of fuck. not going to be useful afterwards, but also the actual technology itself could possibly be useful in a number of use cases that could be socially just. If workers get to decide how they use their tools, they generally will be able to make some good decisions about it. And new tools for workers who are skilled and get to decide how they use them, that's great. You know, look, if you're, I met a video editor who changed the eye lines of 200 extras in a crowd scene, right, using a deep fake.

And he was like, yeah, I was sitting over with the director, we thought, wouldn't this scene be really interesting if they were all looking that way instead of this way? And they were able to do it. And I'm like, okay, that's a new tool on this earth. Was that generative? Was that a generative? Yeah, it's a deep fake, right? They just moved the eyeballs.

Yeah, but the deep fake is that generative AI. Because this is a really, this is a really important point. It's just because... Well, they made new pixels where pixels didn't exist before by making an inference. Right. Right. But that doesn't mean it's a transform of it. The reason I say this is not because you're wrong about that.

That example is great. It's just, these pigs have got rich conflating the useful with the useless. Okay. Okay. All right. Corey is also right with that. Thank you, sirs. I do have one small anecdote to add myself.

Yes, I am of value. I work in the video games industry. Of course you are. I work in the narrative department, which means I write a lot of dialogue. And in my pipelines, we've actually, we have found. found a use for generative AI that doesn't steal anybody's work, and makes us work about 15% faster. So what we've done is we got permission

from our SAG actors to train our personal closed generative model on their voices, plug that into what we call Robo Voice, so our lines that do speech to text instead of the horrible Amazon Poly monstrosity that's like, hello, my name is robot. And what we're able to do is hear the lines and iterate on them faster, so that we're done by the time we actually get to record with the SAG actors at their SAG fees,

and nobody has lost any work. So I think my point is, right, like, generative AI absolutely does have some uses. Is it worth burning down the planet? I can't answer that for you. It's a Wednesday. Right. But there are, like, there's baby and there's bathwater, and I think it behoves us all to continue to have the discussion, right,

to not 100% close the door. And on that note, we are going to switch to, answering questions from the audience. And I have one picked out already. Since we're all adults here, I thought I would start with a spicy one, which is, wouldn't slowing AI development in the United States just allow China to dominate all of us. Oh, good. Oh, good.

Take it away, Ed. So, I love hearing shit that was said about the Soviet Union said again, Oh, no, what if we don't have chat GPT like China? Oh no, what will we ever do if we don't have that chat, but we can fuck like chat? It's nonsense. The reason that China is pulling ahead of America in any way is because they have a massive renewables initiative and also terrible working conditions. But putting all that aside, that whole thing is built on an inherently synophobic idea and also

just nonsense, which is that America does not have the resources to get this. Nowhere ever has anywhere near this much money been shoved into one thing forever for years. Not the dot-com boom, not the Post-Telecommunications Act, which Corey probably knows way better than I do. But I think it's $400 billion put into that nonsense. Nobody has ever had more chances and more money to do anything. Using China as a convenient excuse to spunk money every month is a fucking stupid idea, but also to develop what? Look at the last releases from Open AI. Atlas. Oh, wow, a fucking web browser.

Great. I've never used one of those. Oh, it can read the web page and then fuck up and not buy a thing. Wow. I can just take five edibles if I want to not use Amazon properly. But in all seriousness, there is no development to be made that is not being made in America. Shit, tons of talent. Tons of it Chinese, by the way. Tons of Chinese engineers, as you all know, like, it's a very common thing.

There is no development that's being missed. There's no, what are we going to, oh no, we can't hand anthropic $5 billion a year to destroy it for no real reason. There's no, it's not a cogent argument because look at what China seems to be doing about the same thing as America is with large language models of way less. That just says more about large language models than anything. So there's a long history of saying that we should subsidize and protect large language models. American firms to defend America against foreign firms. So for many, many years, the argument against breaking up AT&T was that they were our national champion and that they were keeping us safe from foreign aggressors.

In the mid-1950s, AT&T was almost broken up. The DOD intervened to say that if we lost AT&T, if it wasn't intact, America might lose the Korean War. So AT&T won the Korean War, because they got another 30 years, right? right? The only people arguably who won the Korean War were AT&T, including both sides in the Korean War. So when the 80s rolled around, right, there was this long, in 70s and the 80s rolled around, and we were once again thinking about breaking up AT&T, there was this long argument about how there was this belligerent foreign power in the Pacific Rim that they weren't original.

They stole our IP and cloned our technology and they would destroy our high-tech industries if we did not have a giant company to defend us against them, that country was Japan, right? Now, it turns out that the major project of AT&T was not defending America from Japan, it was preventing Americans from getting modems. Because AT&T really did not want you and anyone else in America to be able to provide a service to one another

without them being able to veto it or charge rent on it. If you think about like the rollout of caller ID, $6.99. per month when it rolled out, right? This was what it cost you to find out who was calling you before you picked up the phone. You can't do that once people have modems. There is no caller ID for email, right?

If your email provider says, until you click the message in the list pane, you don't get to find out who the from address is. You would just change email providers. So by controlling the network, by centralizing the network, they were able to just basically kneel on the throat of the American tech industry.

And so it is always the case that when we defend monopolists in order to prevent foreign firms from destroying our high-tech sectors, what we're actually doing is we are defending the firms that are structuring and controlling the market domestically for our own innovation. So these very large firms that are doing AI now. AI is only like one of the things they do. Obviously we have Anthropic and Open AI, but Microsoft, Google, Apple, Oracle, these are firms that are effectively market structures. They get to decide what products exist and what products don't exist, how much they're going to cost, and who can see them, and who can use them. And when we defend them in the name of preventing China from pulling ahead in AI, what we're effectively doing is we're saying that we should maintain this shadow FTC that has more power than the FTC ever managed to exercise, but that never exercise it in the interest of the American public, but only in the interest of their shareholders. Thank you.

All right, we have about five minutes left, and I run a tight ship. So this is the last question. So the question is, I have a high school senior who is technically minded. Ten years ago, I would have told her to get a CS degree and go into tech. What should you tell someone to study now? Finance.

It's interesting. I want to tell you a little story. So I taught myself economics in this past year and a half. I'm a fucking idiot. I just want to be really clear. I don't consider myself particularly smart, however you feel is up to you. The point is, the world right now, the media, tons of analysts, tons of tech founders, don't know shit from fuck.

Those are technical terms. In all seriousness, finance is not as difficult or complex as it sounds, and indeed the world runs on money, but also these corporate structures are run fairly simply, but they dress them up in these confusing and annoying terms that actually when you break them down are pretty simple. There are people to blame. They've got houses. They're very flammable. But in all seriousness, these people, they're empowered through ignorance. They're not powered through ability, intelligence, or even making good products. They're powerful because we have, and I'm not trying to sound paranoid, this is just the truth,

media that in many cases does not understand the things they're writing about or indeed have the capability of reading an earnings statement. This stuff seems very scary. You may say, I'm not a numbers person. I couldn't possibly. You are a numbers person. It's not that. It really is, if I can do it, I failed mathematics years and years in a row. It really is fairly straightforward.

They literally format things to make them boring. They word them to make them seem confusing. You can pick apart corporate structure. Any one of you can do it. That is where anyone can have an effect. I think a high schooler could do it. You want to change the world, you pull away their power. You take away their ability to obfuscate their wealth

and the way they accumulate power by learning how these things work. I've written a lot about it. I had to... Everything you read, it's so long because I'm learning as I go. It's 10,000 words because I'm teaching myself. Like, what the fuck is this?

Anyone can do this. You want to teach a young person and anything? Honestly, teach them who the fuck Milton Friedman was. Teach them how the world got the way it got. But also,

learn about how companies are structured. It is not that complex. And the reason that you get knocked off course is because the powerful people go, no, it's not that simple. It's actually very mystical. Sam Altman is not. he's not just a con artist.

He's not just a guy that's really good at convincing rich people to give him money. He has secret brilliance. No, he doesn't. None of these people do. They're McKinsey eggplants. Like, these fucking people. Long story short, learn finance, seriously. And you don't have to go to school.

It's good advice. You know, there's this idea from the finance sector, this acronym Migo, my eyes glaze over. It's when you lard so much complexity in a prospectus that no one can get through it, and they assume that a pile of shit that, big has to have a pony underneath it. I have different advice, though. So my daughter started college this year,

and she wasn't sure what to do. We had a lot of talks about what to do. She didn't take my advice, but I'll tell you what I told her, which is that if you don't know what you want to do at university, don't go to university, go to college and become an electrician. Absolutely. There is so much work for electricians, and we are going to be solarizing for the next 40 years.

There's going to be infinity work for electricians. It's like being a plumber, but you don't have to touch poo. You can be an electrician who just does emergency callouts when money's getting low and you charge $500 an hour. You can be an electrician on a cruise ship. You can be a theater kid. You can be an electrician on a job site. You can be an electrician for the government.

You can be an electrician on a battleship. You can go abroad and be an electrician because electricity is the same, right? There's so, and it's interesting work, and you get paid on the job, right? You get paid for your apprenticeship. And you can be in a union. And if you decide later you want to learn more and you like it, you can become an ENG. And if you don't, you can put yourself through college by being an electrician and learn finance. And one other thing, seriously, I've talked to basically every power analyst that's at this point, or read their work.

and I will say there's always space for someone who knows electricity and finance. 100%. You will make so much. I'm not kidding. There are people who pay you $1,500 an hour. Yeah. So it's crazy. Or HVAC.

HVAC electricity and finance. Oh, hell yeah. That is a killer combo. No, really. You'll make so much money. I'm not even kidding. And it's so, like, the electricity stuff, that's hard. I couldn't do that.

The number's easy to, like, just go and. Yeah. Yeah, if you get your numbers wrong, you don't electrocute yourself. So, no, no, number fell off a roof. doing math. It's true. Well, Ed, Corey. We have time for one more question.

Okay. That's sneaking that in there. We were at time. Okay. Oh, no, now you're making me panic. Okay. Oh, no, I got to log in. Please sign in.

That work. Insidification at work. Anyone use a computer? We're going, we're going. Hang on, hang on. I've texted Sam, one the other day and he didn't take back to me. Just a fact I'd share with the audience.

Dario, I'm a day's PR, Anthropics PR. Okay, this is a short answer. Cool. Lightning round, which is, if you had to guess, what is the timeline we were looking at for the AI bubble to pop? Make your bets, people. No later than Q2, 2026.

Ooh. So I, I'm a firm believer that the market can remain irrational. longer than you can remain solvent. So I'm not going to try and guess, but I think it's coming. And I also think the number, so to your point, Ed, I would say that the number of foundation

models that will be around after the crash, very likely could be zero. I'm not saying that it must be zero, but I think it very likely could be. The open ones will be around, but... Yeah, the open models, you can't kill an open source model if people like it and contribute... Like a French murderer, they'll kill Claude.

Yeah. Yeah. All right, so we have immediately and later then you can stay solvent so don't try to guess. Save your stocks. Don't try and short that market. Buy poles. Practice digging for canned goods and rubble. Use that time effectively.

I'm an electrician. I had both my hips replaced and my cataracts done just in case civilization was about to fail. I saved one of my femurs. I had a cane topper made cast in brass. I had it scanned at 3D if you go to archive.org slash doctor-d-femeymer.

you can get a 1200 DPI STL file, you can print my diseased femur. I wanted to make soup stock, but my wife said no. And on that, no, everything's going to be fine. It's going to be fine. It'll be a right. Have a wonderful night, everybody.

Thank you. Thank you for listening to Better Offline. The editor and composer of the Better Offline theme song is Matt Rosowski. You can check out more of his music and audio projects at Mattersowski.com. M-A-T-T-O-S-K-I.com. You can email me. easy at betteroffline.com or visit betteroffline.com to find more podcast links and of course my newsletter. I also really recommend you go to chat. Where's YourEd.orgat to visit the Discord and go to

R slash Better Offline to check out our Reddit. Thank you so much for listening. Better Offline is a production of Cool Zone Media. For more from Cool Zone Media, visit our website, coolzonemedia.com or check us out on the IHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast. and it's also elusive. But now, there's a new and exciting way to start your journey toward a more joyful existence, Joy 101. It's a new podcast hosted by me, Hoda Kotby. If you're craving inspiration to maximize your joy, tune into these candid, uplifting, and moving on-air chats. Open your free iHeart radio app. Search Joy 101 and listen now. Joy 101 with Hoda Kotby is presented by CBS.

Hey, this is Chuck from Stuff You Should Know, and we're submitting our most sciencey episodes for your peer review with our new stuff you should know doing science playlist. Out now. You want to know about Occam's Razor? Simplest explanation is usually the right one? We got you covered. Wondered what chaos theory is ever since the first time you saw Jurassic Park? Well, come on down. So distill a nice pot of tea, everybody.

Turn down the gas on your Bunsen burner and slip into your most comfortable lab coat and listen to the Stuff You Should Know doing science playlist on the IHeart Radio app. podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. June is Black Music Month, and on the Drink Chams podcast, we're speaking with the hottest names in the culture, like Sway Lee. Do you realize how legendary you are? I appreciate that. I'd be seeing it, but I'm like, man, I still got, like, so much more to do. Like, Prince, he dropped, like, 30 albums.

We dropped, like, five right now. That's the rate we got to be going. Yep, that's a good attitude. No matter the era, Drink Chams brings you the biggest names and the most unfiltered conversations. Listen to Drink Chams from the Black Effect Podcast Network on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast. Hey, it's Alec Baldwin. This season on my podcast, here's the thing.

I talk to composer Mark Shaman. It's about the hang. It's the pleasure of hanging out with the people that you're with. You know, Rob and I was always a great hang. And director Morgan Neville. Film school teaches you all the wrong things about making documentary. What do you want to say? Documentary is all about your ear.

What do you hear? I feel like my job is listening really, really hard. Listen to Here's the Thing on the IHeart Radio app Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. This is an IHeart podcast. Guaranteed human.