BiggerPockets Real Estate Podcast - 954: Cheap Old Houses: Buying Fixer-Uppers for Just $100K w/Ethan and Elizabeth Finkelstein
Episode Date: May 15, 2024Would you buy a house for $100K? That’s right, just twenty-five percent of the median home price in America. Well, we found a couple who does just that, finding fixer-upper properties that often cos...t less than six figures and turning them into eye-catching, head-turning homes. They even argue that these cheap old homes are BETTER than the newer-built house flips that so many investors are targeting today. So, how do you find your next $100K home, and where do you start looking? Elizabeth and Ethan Finkelstein, the brains behind HGTV’s Cheap Old Houses and the social media account by the same name with millions of followers, join us on today’s show. Elizabeth and Ethan love cheap old houses, but not for the reason you think. Most investors purely look at the numbers or the profit potential, but Elizabeth and Ethan see beyond that, fixing up old houses to not only collect the significant equity gain but restore communities and bring back long-forgotten styles, materials, and looks. They’ve bought houses for as cheap as $27,000 and turned them into homes anyone would dream of having. If you’re an investor without much capital and can get a little handy, these old houses could explode your portfolio. But who SHOULD be buying these cheap old houses? Stick around as Elizabeth and Ethan give their expert advice on what to DIY vs. hire out, which old pieces to keep, the best way for beginners to get started with little money, and the decades that built the BEST houses! In This Episode We Cover How to get on the path to financial freedom by buying cheap old houses Buying houses for just $27,000 and where to find these types of homes How old is old enough, and the decades when building quality starts to decline Using the “live in flip” strategy to buy your first fixer-upper or primary residence DIY vs. hiring it out and the tasks that Elizabeth and Ethan enjoy the most And So Much More! (00:00) Intro (01:24) Why Cheap Old Houses? (05:16) $150K Houses!? (07:17) Rehabbing New vs. Old Houses (19:03) Who Should Do These Rehabs? (20:11) Best Ways to Get Started (23:38) DIY vs. Hiring it Out (27:47) Connect with Ethan and Elizabeth! Check out more resources from this show on BiggerPockets.com and https://www.biggerpockets.com/blog/real-estate-954 Interested in learning more about today’s sponsors or becoming a BiggerPockets partner yourself? Email advertise@biggerpockets.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Transcript
Discussion (0)
It does feel like everything in 2024 is incredibly expensive.
The median home price is over $400,000 right now in the country.
But what if I told you there were still options to buy cheap old houses for under $100,000?
That is absolutely possible and is a really interesting strategy for all real estate investors to consider.
Hey, everyone.
Welcome to the Bigger Pockets Real Estate podcast.
I'm your host, Dave Meyer, and today we're going to be talking to Elizabeth and Ethan Finkelstein.
You may know them from their very popular Instagram account.
It's called Cheap Old Houses or their HGTV show by the same name.
But we are going to be talking with them about why investors shouldn't necessarily overlook old houses
and how you as an investor might be able to find really great gems and some really unrecognized value
if you're willing to put in the work that comes with buying some of these older, cheaper houses.
We'll talk about why old home renovations are actually not as difficult as you think,
and why restoring old homes has more value than just the dollars and cents that goes into it.
So with that, let's bring on Elizabeth and Ethan Finkelstein from cheap old houses.
Elizabeth, Ethan, welcome to the podcast. Thanks for being here.
Thank you, David, for having us on.
And it's quite surreal, David, for us to be on Bigger Pockets podcast because we started an Instagram feed
called Cheap Old Houses and we never really thought that, you know, we would be on the bigger
pockets side of things with talking about real estate and how cheap old houses is transforming
people's lives into real estate owners.
Well, it's very cool.
You guys have built a very impressive entire digital platform on this idea of cheap old houses.
I'm curious, you know, this is an overlooked segment by.
a lot of investors and homeowners.
So how did you guys get started with this specific niche?
Well, you know, just to say, it's interesting that it is an overlooked segment because,
you know, our, we lived in Brooklyn, New York, I guess 15 or so years ago, and you look at
the neighborhoods that investors want to be in now.
And they're all the neighborhoods that the artists moved into decades ago and preserved all
the old houses.
So in a way, it's such a critical part when you think about investment of making
sure that these communities maintain their character and they're sustainable so that people continue
to want to invest in. So I think ultimately it really is at the core of, you know, what makes
neighborhoods great and why people want to be there. Yeah. And I think, I think really it was selfish
for us. You know, Dave, I think we wanted to find a cheap old house that we could afford something
that, you know, we could potentially pay cash in. I think I'm someone coming from the 2008 crash
and wanting to just really like carve our own path
and buying real estate has always been sort of
for us a little bit of a financial freedom path.
I think a lot of people look at these cheap old houses
and they say, no, these are just money pits.
You're going to be stuck in them forever
if you're on the investing side.
Thanks, Tom Hanks.
But, you know, I think a lot of people really understand this
and I think these houses were built
with such character and unique features and old wooden floorboards and fireplaces and mantles,
yes, there's going to be problems.
If you want something turnkey, you know, we don't necessarily think that these are maybe
the best option for that.
But for someone who is looking for their forever home and something that they can love
and care for over their time of home ownership and a safe place to call home,
we think this is the perfect solution and kind of a house hack to,
get into the housing market that we're all dealing with.
So, Elizabeth, it sounds like you have somewhat of a personal connection to restoring old
houses. Is that right?
I grew up in a cheap old house that my parents restored.
So I watched their relationship strengthened through bonding over their shared love of this
house.
And this house, I think, and this has literally nothing to do with finance.
So forgive me for a hot second.
Unless you consider, you know, all the money that would take to get divorced if you didn't
find something you love doing together.
But they did. They loved this house and they nurtured it. And it became very much of my identity growing up. So it really was natural that I did this. And then I moved to New York City, which is very different. I mean, when you talk about preserving old houses, you have to really consider where you are, where you live. The issues I was facing working and restoring old houses in New York City are very different than where we live now, which is very rural. In New York City, there's such a land grab. Everybody wants a piece.
piece of it. So people who are interested in preserving old houses very infrequently have a seat at the
table. It's usually the last thing that's considered, even though, as I said before, I think
the idea that so many people want a piece of so many of the wonderful neighborhoods in New York City
is precisely because years and years ago people fought to keep them beautiful and keep them very
livable places. All right. So your brand is called cheap old houses. Let's define this for a minute.
What does cheap mean to you?
Cheap means primarily under $150,000.
Okay.
You know, we started this looking at $100,000 as being the price point, and it's kind of crept up a tiny bit.
You know, I think we want to be able to have, we want to be able to show people amazing mansions that are for sale that with all the original character left in it.
Or we want to be able to show someone a cabin outside of Palm Springs in California.
And so we want to be able to have that diversity of where the number lands.
But I think, you know, I think under $100,000 is pretty fair as an assessment for around $150,000.
That is definitely cheap by today's standards.
So I have to agree with you there.
And what is old to you?
We show everything up to mid-century modern because we find that people really are interested in mid-century modern houses.
old, I've started to really think of old as character.
If there was an amazing house from 1975 that was all wonderfully tacky and men sort of perfectly preserved in a time capsule, I would probably post that because I think it's pretty cool.
But for the most part, we go up through the 1960s.
Okay.
And houses, I will just add, Dave, we do any kind of built structure.
So if there's something that's affordable, we don't do land, just primarily land, but we've done a like.
house. We've posted power stations. We've posted jails, banks, all sorts of built structures that are
really, really affordable. And they're all available on our Instagram feed, on cheap old houses.
We post them every day, just houses in general. And then our newsletters. And yeah, and now we're
showing on our new HGTV show how to restore these places and just make it happen.
Okay, so $150,000 is very compelling price in today's market,
but once you account for renovation costs,
I'm curious if the math still works out.
Ethan and Elizabeth walk us through the case for old homes as investments after the break.
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Do you ever notice how every passive investment somehow turns into a very active lifestyle,
active spreadsheets, active phone calls, active stress?
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biggerpockets.com slash retirement to learn more. Welcome back, investors. I'm here with Ethan and
Elizabeth of cheap old houses. Let's jump back in. And you said Ethan earlier that the goal here is
that the dollars and cents may have to work here.
And obviously, this show is a show for real estate investors.
So tell us why an investor should consider buying a property of this age and at this price point,
rather than looking for something that's more modern or a bit more turnkey of an investment.
I think the biggest thing that you can't replicate in terms of an investment piece that Elizabeth
always goes gaga for are this is the stuff that you would have to build new again so if there's if it's
built with stone the house is built with stone or if there's a grand staircase or if there's an
amazing mantle you know a staircase of in in some of these historical houses would cost 50 to
100,000 dollars alone for a fine carpenter to create and make so we're advocating for saving these
old pieces inside of these buildings, whether or not they're kind of rotted.
Because to redo some of these things, you're actually saving money to make something as grand
as it once was.
I think this may shift sort of in the mid-century period and forward.
But before that, we were building things not with prefab materials, with materials that could
be restored, that could be fixed, and with maintenance can last forever.
So if you have vinyl windows in a house, you've got to throw those in a landfill every 15 years.
Wood windows can be consistently replaced, repaired.
What is a material that is meant to be fixed over and over and over again?
So old houses naturally come, having been built with materials that can be repaired and don't have to just be thrown out.
I think, for example, I mean, we all saw the lumber spikes a few years ago.
It's kind of a perfect example of using the materials that are already in these houses.
windows, for example, they are getting wicked expensive.
Whereas with an old house, you have that window and you re-glaze it and you bring it back to life.
And that's going to, it's already there.
You're not buying materials and you're now just spending some money on labor.
And then what you're also doing is you're putting money in your local economy.
And you're keeping the craft alive of keeping these old houses alive.
And that's really, really important in terms of building strong economies and building jobs in a local
environment. Yeah, I mean, you know, if you ultimately, if this was just solely about the bottom line,
we would not be doing this. It can absolutely provide a return on your investment if done well.
But we honestly believe that if you do something in life, your greater cause and your purpose
has to also give back. And we think we found a really good balance in that way. And if you're the
kind of investor that is interested in making sure that your community remains sustainable and
beautiful and livable, I think this is for you. Yeah. I mean, you make it,
case, both financial and sort of societal and communal for making these types of investments.
Do you have any ideas or thoughts on how fixing up a really old house might compare to fixing up a
new house just in terms of like time and budget? I know you guys focus on this, but have you ever
thought about sort of the tradeoff between newer and older houses? It is so dependent on what came
before you. So if you have, we live, the old house we live in right now was well maintained,
and it was built with clearly superior materials than you could buy today. And it is solid.
Now, I think the biggest problem with old houses that people generally find over and over is that
whoever came before them didn't maintain it well. These materials, if maintained, will be fine.
It's not the old house itself. It's the lack of maintenance that's been in it. New houses are the
same way. So I would say that, you know, new houses, many new houses, I think, are built of
poorer quality more quickly, of sort of less quality materials. So there's that trade-off.
You could buy an old house that is cheap because it needs an entirely new foundation, which is
going to be an issue, or you could buy an old house that's cheaper because maybe it's just in
an area where the prices are never going to, it's never going to command a super high price,
but it's a perfectly solid little bungalow from 1920 and is not falling down. So I think it's
very hard to throw all of these in a bucket. And I think it is very specific to the case. For instance,
if a roof has not been looked at and there are water issues in the house, that's going to be
something that may have seeped into other areas. And, you know, it's just, I think the mistake a lot
people make is they think all old houses are going to be a huge money problem. And new houses,
I guarantee you, with the rate at which new houses are going up, in 50 years, we're going to have a
major maintenance crisis on our hands because I don't think they're built as well as they used to be.
Yeah. And I think from an infrastructure perspective only, I think it's case by case. You have to look at
the right old house. But from a new house perspective, you have engineer fees, you have architect
fees, you might be buying a plan. Doing new, you're paying for septic, you're bringing the electrical
in, you're bringing all the materials in, you have to frame. Is it quicker? I think it definitely
can be. Provided materials are available, which has been a huge issue. Has been an issue. They're
coming down in price, so it's definitely helping a lot. I think where the old house helps is if you
can find one with a great foundation, with a septic that's working, with electrical,
and an electrical panel that's already in there
with amazing framing,
with a decent roof that can last you five, ten years,
you're saving a ton of money kind of day one,
is my thinking, from an infrastructure perspective
because you're not bringing all that stuff in new.
Yes, is there maybe demo costs?
Yes, is there a lot of different kind of processes?
Absolutely.
And sometimes it's labor versus materials.
So we have a farmhouse that we're restoring,
and it had all of its original siding on it.
Now, to take all that siding off, throw it in a landfill, and buy new siding, that would be of less superior quality.
We could have done that, and it probably would have cost us the same in materials.
We decided to spend that money on labor, and what we did is we employed a local craftsman to do that for us.
So the money went to him instead of going to Home Depot, or wherever we were going to put it, which made us feel good.
And at the end of the day, it clocks out the same.
So there are definitely things that might cost more, but there are all.
also things that are great.
And it's really amazing to have siding from the 1700s on our house.
Yeah, that's super cool.
So talk to me a little bit about the community.
You guys have built this really impressive community up over the last couple of years.
What type of people do you think are best suited to take on these projects?
Because they do sound in some ways like a labor of love.
And you need to commit the requisite time and energy to it.
So, like, who succeeds with this?
approach. I think really getting your priorities straight first and knowing what you can do,
have someone advise you. If you're not super savvy, if this is your first time, make sure you go
through it. If you live in a cold climate, if there's heating in this place and there's a bathroom,
you're going to be way better off than a place that doesn't have those amenities.
I think our audience by and large are not necessarily, oh, I'm sure there are a lot of people in our
audience who like to buy up a bunch of properties and turn them over. I think that our police in this
world, and this is both for old house restoration and for people just looking for houses to invest in,
is very much for people who maybe just feel completely closed out of all of this and want to get
their foot in the door. So when we say cheap, we mean closing costs, right? So that you can get in
the door and it might take you five years to have that kitchen that you want, but that's okay
because you've gotten a house and you're in the door and you can take your time. So it is kind of a
take your time type thing. So I think the ideal person that is interested in what we do are people
that never have considered this before and never thought they could access this housing market,
but suddenly here's something that they can have and that feels really good to them. So it's
sort of, it's people that might not be super savvy investors, but people who are really trying
to just get that one first break and then they feel they can learn along your way. Is that what
I think what's also an interesting just maybe story is, you know, most of all of our staff,
actually, on cheap old houses, have purchased cheap old houses. And that's kind of just a cool
success story within itself. So our third episode on Who's Afraid of a Cheap Old House on HGTV
is a focused on Christiana. And Christiana has worked with us for 10 years. And she bought,
she and Nick bought a $99,000 church. And they also bought this little vestry, the little side
house that went with it. And they were able to live in that side house while they were working on
this church with us. And,
she was able to actually mortgage the side little house and the church was sort of a liability.
And she went from paying $2,000 a month or more in Brooklyn to paying something like $500 a month
of a mortgage to buy this cheap old church.
And she has like a 15 year mortgage or something.
That was just what the lender required her to do.
So she was able to reduce her rent payments.
and now she's investing in her future fixing up this cheap old house.
And it turned out pretty fantastic.
I have to kind of say it's the coolest place.
It's a very cool space.
And to say that you own a church from the 1700s and you bought it for $99,000
and it's now like you're like rock and roll pad, like you get to like hang out in and like just it's it's a pretty cool thing.
That's very cool.
I have to say my grandparents did that actually.
that exact thing.
They bought a church from the 1700s.
And that's where I grew up visiting them.
There was like catacombs underneath the church.
And like we used to go explore in there.
It was so creepy.
Oh my gosh.
That's so cool.
But it was an amazing old place.
Where was that?
In Westbury, New York.
Very cool.
Yeah.
It's really cool.
Wow.
They bought it like, I think back in the 60.
Yeah, I don't even know what it was cost, but it was probably very little.
It was like an abandoned old place back then.
It was very cool.
So did that kind of like inspire some of,
your real estate love? I don't know. It's a good question, but I think of that house very fondly,
and I do tend to buy old houses, not intentionally, but I guess I have bought a lot of houses
from about the turn of the century in Denver and in Michigan. So I haven't been afraid of them,
but I do know that a lot of real estate investors tend to shy away from them just because of the
cost of renovation or the desirability from tenants. But I think if you're like you said earlier,
Elizabeth, if it's been well maintained, there's no reason to be afraid of it. It's just like who owned
it last and how well were they taken care of it. And if you're talking about the places you're
talking about further west than we live, you have these amazing neighborhoods of bungalows and tutors.
You know, my sister lives in Seattle. And that's, and I see them getting torn down right and left for
new buildings. And I'm like, my gosh, those, that. That.
era in construction was so solid. Those buildings are so well built. And I feel like for the most
part, they probably don't need a significant amount of maintenance. And I also feel that you're
probably finding you invest in those houses because those are in the neighborhoods that people want to be in that
have those kind of houses and have that kind of character, which is something to say for those homes.
Absolutely. I think one of the things when I'm looking for places to invest I look for are just the
quality of the housing stock. I mostly invest in Denver. You know, there are areas that were built in
the 70s and not that there's anything wrong with that, but the housing quality, the layouts,
the charm of the neighborhoods, the size of the lots, tend to be less desirable in my experience
to renters than some of these older neighborhoods where you see these like beautiful old homes.
You know, my first property I bought was from 1896. It had these incredible, you know,
the old original like woodwork around the frames.
You know, I'm not saying that that's the reason people buy there, but it does when you
walk around feel like a nice neighborhood to be in.
And I always have had an easy time renting, finding renters in those types of neighborhoods.
I love that.
Completely agree.
Okay, we do have to take one more quick break, but we'll get Elizabeth and Ethan's advice
on what to look for in an older property.
And what to DIY yourself first, what to hide.
out right after the break.
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but it's also historically been sort of complex, time-consuming, and expensive.
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Welcome back to the Bigger Pockets Real Estate podcast. Let's pick up where we left off.
Yeah. So one of the things I think that's sort of come to mind here for our audience to think about is that
what you're describing here sounds ideal for what we,
would call owner-occupied strategies. And there's two of them that our audience usually works with.
One is called house hacking. It's kind of like what you're just describing with your colleague here,
which is where you live in part of a property and rent out the other parts, which can work really
well for duplexes, quadplexes. A lot of the properties I invest in are old, like Victorian homes that have been
cut up into multiple units. I don't know if you guys see that a lot, but man, people were built
just freaking huge houses back in the day. They were like 5,000 square feet. You could turn that
into four really solid units. And so that's one strategy people can consider. But I think the other
thing that's super interesting here is something that we would call a live-in flip. And this is basically
similar to what you guys are doing, which is sort of moving into a house and then fixing it up
around you, which has a lot of benefits financially.
The first is when you're an owner occupant, you get better financing.
And so if you were to go out and flip a house, you know, you're usually getting a hard money
loan, which is quite expensive.
If you do a live-in flip, you can get residential financing, which will get you a lower
interest rate.
And you can also consider something called a 203 loan, which allows you to wrap your
renovation costs into your loan, which is really beneficial. And the other piece is that if you
live in that property for two out of five years, when you go to sell that property, you don't pay
tax on it, which is a really big benefit as opposed to flipping another house. So given everything
that you're saying about this being a labor of love and having meaning to both of you beyond just
dollars and cents, I think it could work really well for investors who are considering doing one of
those owner-occupied strategies. Yeah, and we tend to find that this is one of their initial
strategies in getting into the market, even as a small-time investor, or just, you know,
knowing that houses are an amazing access to creating wealth for yourself and your family.
And it's hard out there, though.
Totally.
Everything is getting more and more expensive.
Many different areas are being priced out.
Yeah, and as far as we're concerned,
I mean, a lot of the houses that we post are cheap because of the locations they're in.
And I think COVID, COVID shot real estate prices up high, but COVID also made remote work a thing.
And now you can move to rural Illinois and live in that crazy old mansion and have your job.
So it's, it's been really interesting to see how that's changed things.
It really has.
And for everyone listening, one of the big dynamic shifts for the housing market was typically, in either of the years leading up to COVID, you would see
housing prices go up faster in urban environments. And that actually has switched. And we see now
in suburban and even rural areas, you see that housing prices have gone up faster. There's no
knowing if that's going to continue. But that has been a trend over the last few years that is
definitely something worth watching for any investors out there. So I'm curious, in your community,
do most of the people do work themselves? Are they hiring out the work to, uh,
renovate these homes. It's a little bit of a mix. Yeah. I think a lot of people do, I think a lot of people
work in trades, and we happen to know a lot of people who are in trades. So I think they're doing
work on their own houses. I think getting to know one or two things really, really well,
always can assist. Maybe it's demo at first. Maybe it's just painting. So not everyone has to be
planing their own siding from the 1700s. Right. I definitely, I definitely. I definitely,
feel that if you don't feel you can do a good job on it, do what's best for the house. I mean,
I think there's so much that that is easier to do than we think that you could certainly
DIY. But we are not people telling you to do all your own electrical and do all your own plumbing,
unless you really know what you're doing. That there certainly are things that should be hired
out. And we try to advise people if you're coming at this, if you're buying the house,
if you're buying a cheap old house, because that's literally all you can afford to really prioritize
what you figure out yourself and what you pay people for. And you should certainly pay people
to do those things. I love that. That is something I talk about in real estate investing all the time,
not just in reference to renovation, but just like focusing on what you're good at. And for me,
when I first started investing, I tried, quote unquote, saving money by doing a lot of this myself.
And I wasted so much money, but more importantly, I wasted so much time that I could have
put elsewhere into my life. And it's just not worth it. And so I think it's really important
to do what you said. Like, even if you are handy, doing everything yourself is probably not going to be
beneficial. And you should just really focus on what advantage you have. Like, what can you do that
you can do better than someone else? And just focus on that rather than just trying to do everything
in the name of saving some money. Right. I think a lot of people in the old house restoration world
feel that they've somehow failed if they haven't DIYed everything. And I'm like, no, you probably shouldn't,
actually. Well, I would imagine certain things do really require a different type of expertise.
You know, I've had some situations with really old plumbing. Like, I've had a drain that a
plumber said he's never seen in his whole career because it was from like 1925, you know? And
there's just certain things like that. You don't, you just don't want to mess with. Just call someone
who has that expertise. And then I'm sure there's other things like cabinets, paint
whatever it is. Those are things that are easily applicable from, you know, a skill set that you can take from any type of renovation and apply to an old home.
I think it's fun to educate yourself and learn many components so you know kind of what you're talking about and can understand some of the price points and the time and the labor.
I think that's honestly probably missing from a lot of people is understanding how much time some of this stuff takes.
And it's like, why is this person charging me so much money?
It's like, well, you should try that out and see how many hours in time and how many people it takes.
So I think, you know, I don't typically think that people are really out there to pull one fast over you.
And I think it's really, really, really fun to learn as you're going and educate yourself.
I think it's kind of a hobby for us at this point where we're...
Oh, stripping paint.
I love.
Oh, my God.
That is, I can't understand that.
Talk about a way.
It's a waste of time.
You've found your calling then.
I know.
It's like my A-SMR.
You know how people love ironing?
Like that's when the paint comes off, it's so nice.
I'm not saying it's normal.
I'm just saying it's something I've learned I love in doing this.
No, I understand.
I truly like love Microsoft Excel.
It's like my happy place and people are like, what the heck is wrong with you?
You have a problem.
But, you know, I'm just proud, happy that we've both found something that we
enjoy doing for time that we find relaxing. Totally. All right. Well, do Ethan and Elizabeth,
any last advice for anyone of our audience who's considering jumping into the cheap old house
universe? Oh my gosh. I just, if you're not following us, please do we literally post these
houses all day long. We have newsletters specifically devoted to farmhouses for houses under
$25,000 for houses that are like as cheap as $100,000, but under $250, maybe in places like Denver or
L.A. that maybe don't typically ever command a price under $100,000. And we have cheap old houses
abroad. So come on over. You'll probably find what you're looking for. We also have our book
and tell a lot of stories about people doing this on their own, give tips and tricks in that book.
We love creating that project. And our new TV show,
Who's Afraid of a Cheap Old House is coming out on May 14th, and it'll be airing a new house
restoration throughout all of June and into July of this year. And we can't wait to show you
all those amazing structures. And yeah, I think if you're not in the housing market yet,
think about what Dave said. Think about your owner-occupied place, getting a really cool,
cheap old house for yourself, and start to build your financial future.
Very cool. And I saw that you guys, you were adding the international houses and I live in
Amsterdam. So you find anything in the Netherlands. Let me know. Oh, cool. I didn't know that.
Yes, yeah. Well, you guys should come over. We'll go tour some cheap old houses in Europe. We'll have a good time.
Oh, my gosh. That's the next TV show we want to do. All right. Well, call me.
All right. Well, Ethan, Elizabeth, thank you so much for joining us. And like they said, they have all sorts of
exciting stuff coming out over the next couple of months, and we'll make sure to link to all of it
in the show notes below. Do you ever notice how every passive investment somehow turns into a very
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