CyberWire Daily - The labor behind the labor. [Special Edition]

Episode Date: September 1, 2025

So, as we mark this Labor Day, join us in celebrating not just the work, but the people who make it possible — the labor behind the labor. This Labor Day, we’re celebrating more than just a holiday — we’re honoring the people who bring their creativity, dedication, and passion to every corner of N2K. The work you hear, read, and see from us doesn’t happen by accident. It’s the result of talented colleagues who pour themselves into their craft, often in ways that don’t always get the spotlight. From shaping sound and refining scripts to building certification content and producing video, their labor is the heartbeat of what we do. In this special edition, host Ma’ayan Plaut introduces you to some of the voices behind the scenes: Elliott, whose audio artistry makes every show sing; Ethan, whose sharp analysis bridges policy and practice; Alice, whose storytelling brings energy and curiosity to the space industry; George and Ann, who create and refine the certification content that keeps us at the forefront of technology; and Sarelle, whose video production brings our stories to life. Together, they embody the care and creativity that define N2K. And if you’d like to see the labor behind the labor, we’ve also put together a video companion to this project — giving you another way to meet the team and experience their work in action. Be sure to check it out! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Learn more at amex.ca.ca slash yamex. While many people get fired up with a cookout on Labor Day, we here at N2K are getting fired up about the creative process. I'm Myon Plout, N2K's director of enterprise content strategy, and I have the distinct pleasure of working with all of our talent here at N2K Networks as we create the things you know and trust. Everything you see in here is meticulously crafted by some of the absolute best in the business. And I can tell you from being up close on this process every single day, it's so smooth that you probably don't even realize that there's a whole team of folks making it happen every single time, every single day. So for this Labor Day, we're going to

celebrate with a different kind of episode. We're calling it the Labor behind the Labor. I get to spend day in and day out with these folks. And in a way, so do you. We're pulling back the curtain today to give you a look behind the scenes to share the voices of the people who aren't always on the mic. Let me introduce to you, Alice, Anne, Elliot, Ethan, George, and Sorrell, just a few of the creative folks bringing heart, soul, and creativity to what we do and how we make. If you ever thought, wow, the show sounds so good. That's the styling of Elliot Pelton, our executive director of audio. He makes everything with care and attention and deep audio nerdery. Let's hear his perspective on how he reimagined the theme music for one of our.

shows. Threat Factor from Palo Alto Networks and N2K. Elliot, I actually wanted to talk with you a little bit about this because I love the new music for Threat Factor. I want to make sure that I know exactly how we made the thing that we made because I love it. Tell us more. Yeah, well, first of all, thank you very much. I love being able to create music for my job. So if I'm all smiles, that's why. Well, Threat Factor is one of my favorite shows on N2K, CyberWire. So it was an honor to be able to kind of reimagine the music. I have a humble basement studio like all audio engineers and I actually got together with our co-worker here, Trey Hester, and together we kind of cooked this up. I did all of the

instrument, the instrumentation, the drums, the synths. Let's see, what's the like fun fact little instrument that's snuck in there that no one can hear? There's definitely some samples that I like twisted and turned into like this evil spooky sounding almost kind of like whistle that's going behind so i did all of that stuff and then i brought tray in who's a real guitarist and um he added all of this really cool like david gilmore kind of plucked like you know pink floyd's the wall like bubbly churning and then once it drops that main line there tray's playing that also It was a true N2K collaboration. You said something that I want to pick up on.

What's the difference between recording some of the stuff live versus doing it all sort of like in the program? Trey's guitar is sending out actual analog signal that's then being digitized, whereas everything else exists only in the digital domain. If you two were sitting in a room working on this, like you could workshop it together in the moment. Like, ooh, that sounded good, but like what if we tried a little bit more? like this. That was exactly what the session was like and that is exactly what I love about collaborating with real humans. You know, he plays something. I get excited by that energy and I resonate with it and I go, okay, that little arpeggio you did on that minor chord, let's, you know, move that up an inversion and start on the third and then really hit that route right

on the downbeat. Do that. Oh wait, no, change up the rhythm. Trey's amazing so he knows exactly what I'm talking about. And then we just enter this flow state together where like he can already hear what I'm describing to him before I even get the words out. It's absolutely the best. Music really is a language and you don't get to speak it very often. What a lot of people don't realize about a lot of musicians is that we spend like 99% of the time playing by ourselves and like that's kind of fun. My gosh, is it so much more fun to like do it in real time with another person who speaks that same language. What inspired the new music for Threat Vector? So I always try and speak to what I love about a show's message and its own unique voice, the best that music can. You know, it's a very

different language, but I do think we've all had that experience where we're transported even deeper into the subject matter by the right piece of music. So it can be complimentary. There were a lot of things I really liked about the old music that I did want to borrow from, but just kind of like elevate just a little bit more. First of all, I wanted it to just match a little bit more hand in hand. What I love about Threat Factor is that David does such an incredible job speaking with these super knowledgeable people about subject matter that I find just incredibly important. I mean, he's talking with these people about threats and attacks that are global and extremely serious. They're, you know, literally life and death situations going on around the globe. I needed to

match that. Also, there was another reason to refresh the music. So we actually just hit a million downloads. We felt that that was, you know, a perfectly good excuse to refresh things just a little bit. New music is the best way to shake things up. Is there any piece to this final product that you love the most, like a thing that we should be listening for as we hear this music moving forward? The baseline avoids the root until just the right moment. That's one of my little tricks that I just love doing is establishing some sort of refrain, mid-range to high-range. So I start off with a lot of just mid-range and high sort of information.

And then when the base does come in, it actually comes in on the third and goes in between the third and the fourth and then up to the fifth. And so you actually haven't heard the root yet until later in the progression. So I definitely wanted the listener to feel that source of tension. Thank you so much, Elliot. I learned a ton about your thought process and how our music gets made. And I can't wait for everyone to hear this new update on Thet Factor every Thursday. Senior producer Alice Cruth blends energy, curiosity, and a true love of storytelling.

Let's hear how her approach to expanding the views shared on the T-minus Space Daily podcast helps us cover the space industry's breadth and depth in new ways. So my role at T-minus is that I produce the daily programming. So I do everything from sourcing the stories that we cover every day in our headlines, to setting up all of our interviews that we do. And I edit those. It defused down. And I publish every day. So it's kind of a bit of an overall role that kind of covers every single angle of what goes on in T-minus. And most recently, I've been working on bringing in new partners for us to work with. You know, we really wanted to establish ourselves as the daily news source for people that work in the space industry or space adjacent industry. And to do that, I wanted to be able to show that we work with some really great people and we work with really great credible sources.

So we started off with the first segment working with nasaspaceflight.com. And that came about because I work with nasasaspaceflight.com on the IREC competition every year. So we do the live stream for that student rocket competition and I got chatting to them and I said, hey, I'd love to be out of figure out how we can work with you. We think what you do is great. Hopefully you think what we do is great as well. And we see ourselves as being really great partners when it comes to getting people up to speed of what's going on in the space industry. They do an incredible job going in depth when it comes to live launches. And we do more of the behind the scenes kind of coverage of what goes on in the industry. So they came to us and said, yeah, we're already producing a

really good segment. It's called the Space Traffic Report. Would you be interested in putting that out on your podcast. And so we get that as a weekly segment on our show every Friday. And that started getting me thinking, how else could we work with other people? Who do we want to work with? And what kind of information do we really want to give our audience? And so I came up with a couple of different areas that I thought were really interesting to our audience, one of them being space law. And that led us to having a conversation with Aegis Space Law and saying, hey, would you guys be interested in coming and doing a monthly segment about Space Law 101? What kind of FAQs do people come to you with and how can we answer those in a podcast segment. So that's normally the first

Monday of the month. The second Monday of the month, we get to speak to the International Space Station National Lab. That's Patrick O'Neill. Patrick and I have got a long history of chatting at various events around the country. I think what they're doing and the science that goes on on the ISS doesn't get enough coverage. So we really wanted to give them an opportunity to showcase how space is doing great research that's affecting us here on the Earth. so people can get a better understanding of why space research is so important to them. Our third segment is where our nexus is at N2K and it's space and cyber. And we think it's really important for people to understand why things are vulnerable in space

and how to prevent them from being vulnerable in space. What sort of threats are out there? And that really kind of made us pull in the best expert that we know, Brandon Kalf, who is the founder of T-Minus space. And he is brilliant at sort of showcasing where he thinks, the space industry is going, what kind of vulnerabilities are out there, how to prevent them, and what kind of things that industry should be thinking about when it comes to space and cyber. Our fourth segment of the month is with the Aerospace Corporation, and we do the nexus with them.

And that's really another thing that fits into the way that we work here at T-minus. It's that convergence of all the different great tech that's happening in space. So we've covered everything on that so far from data to spaceports. We're going to be doing one on AI coming up and really the Aerospace Corporation are a great partner to be able to talk about what's going on when it comes to research from the federal level of what's coming on in the US space industry.

And our last segment that we've just recently introduced is the Integrity ISR segment which is talking about our adversaries in space and there's kind of a tough subject to cover for us because we are an international podcast. We cover things with an objective view but it's interesting to see that there are people that are watching what's going on with other countries, what they're doing, what's not been spoken about in the press,

and what we can see from the ground stations that track these satellites are in space. And Greg does an incredible job at breaking down that information to an easily digestible way of understanding what's happening in the space industry and what sorts of capabilities are going on around the world. So it's a really great way of figuring out what's happening in space and hopefully getting our audience up to speed quickly. Ethan Cook is a glue guy, the kind of person that makes things work seamlessly. He's got smooth edits and sharp instincts, which is fitting for our lead analyst for cybersecurity and policy.

Let's hear how his policy perspectives transitioned between writing for the caveat briefing, and now as a regular guest on the caveat podcast. So I'm curious, how did you get involved with caveat? And what's your goal within the show? Yeah, so I got involved just by simply kind of asking to be. be involved. I've always been a policy person. I graduated from undergrad with it and wasn't doing it right away when I left college. And it was kind of always that itch that I wanted to scratch that I just never had that opportunity right out of the gates. And as I worked here, got more responsibilities. Eventually,

I kind of just asked and said, is there room for me here? And one of the producers at the time said, yeah, we can take over writing the weekly newsletter. That works out for us. We would love to have that. you're a good writer. We'd love to put you in there and just kind of started spiraling and developing from there and growing into a, doing a once-a-week thing to do a multiple, you know, doing special releases, appearing on the show and kind of just grew and grew and grew. Can you actually talk to me a little bit more about the transition from writing for caveat to also being on the caveat podcast? Yeah. So about a year into writing for the weekly newsletter, it was writing. after the 2024 election, we had this idea to talk about deep dives and to pick a policy point where we would hop in and just really do a deep dive into that section and really just break it down from every conceivable angle. And we felt it was a perfect timing coming right after the

election to talk about these subjects. And it wasn't going to be, oh, what's the latest crazy thing that was said? Or what's the latest appointment? But more so, what are the actual things happening behind the scenes regarding antitrust policy with big tech? What are the big things happening with AI? And these major questions that weren't resolved at the time and seeing if we could get some insights into them, provide some contacts. So on top of doing an extra release for the month from a written form, so every month we get together and we do a roundtable. And we have a conversation about whatever the subject matter we picked. And there's no agenda going into it. There's no pointedness. I mean, sometimes

it's very relevant to the things that are happening right now, and sometimes it's something that we just feel is important conversation to talk about, and we should hit it, and maybe because we can cover it from a different angle, or we think people are missing context on the conversation, whether it be we're not diving

deep enough, or we're looking at it only from one very, like, the way everyone else is talking about it, but there's a couple other layers that probably need to be discussed as well. So I'm curious a little bit about the research that goes into each of the editions of the caveat newsletter or the kind of research that you're doing ahead of the show. Can you walk me through a little bit of your process here?

Yeah. So for the weekly newsletters, the research is more so first building my own personal catalog and my own repertoire of knowledge that I have available and just kind of keeping my thumb on the beat on certain things. For example, something that has been a reoccurring conversation over the past, I don't know, nine, 10 months, year has been COSA, or the Kids Online Safety Act. And that is this conversation that has been a reoccurring thing. And while not every new story, every week is going to have this development. There's occasionally a big milestone or something related to that. And part of it is just knowing and revisiting certain things and keeping touch on base with,

not just what are the latest things being introduced in the Congress, but what are the things that are moving slowly in the background or some major agency action that may not get the attention because it's a small press release that doesn't grab a headline, but it probably is going to impact policy. I like to say I cover policy, not politics,

where I am not covering what the latest, greatest things some senator said or whatever. I'm looking more to address what are the things that we're actually putting in, what are the policies, and what are they going to be the impacts of that policy, and that involves looking at actual, legal cases, that involves looking at laws, that looking at agendas and policies that we're

putting in place, executive orders, et cetera. Knowing that you're working between both writing and speaking, how do they help each other? Are you writing first and then speaking? Are you speaking first and then writing? How are you putting these things together in your own head? Yeah, I think it always starts with writing. I think if you can't articulate on paper what you want to say, it's going to be really hard to say what you want to say, like verbally, being able to write something out

will always collect it, at least in my head, always collect my thoughts, especially reading it back to myself. I'm very, very methodical with this process and whether it's newsletters or whether it's deep dives or whether it's special editions. I will read it out over and over and over and over and over again just to make sure it sounds good to the ear,

even though that's not being read aloud and no one's listening to it auditorily because I know when I go and actually do the recording, I'm going to echo some of those comments. I'm going to echo some of those things. And if it doesn't flow well on the paper version, it's certainly not going to flow well on the audio version. Our certification content developers are constantly on the cutting edge of the newest technology.

George Monsolvachi is a content manager here at N2K Networks. Let's hear how he embarks on intrepid explorations of new tech to create the best possible certification test content. Can you tell me a little bit about your role here at N2K and where you fit into our practice test? universe. Okay, so I am one of the practice test creators and I focus on the Microsoft side. So I do exciting stuff. I create practice test in Azure, Microsoft 365, and also we're venturing into the brave new world of artificial intelligence with Microsoft services. So it's a,

it's been a fun, fun, fun year this year. So who knows what the technology will. will do next year. So I'm very excited. When we have a new topic like Microsoft AI, what's our process like? What does it mean to get up to speed as a subject matter expert so that you can make a test so other people can become experts themselves? When we put out a practice test, we have to we put that out probably I'm going to say four to six weeks after the test is released. So generally it's a new technology and we live and die. off the actual content that's put out by the vendor, whether it be Microsoft or whoever.

But sometimes they drag their feet on that, but yet customers still want that technology. So we have to venture into the service ourselves, and it's sink or swim, and it's usually fun. It's usually fun, so you get to learn something new. So I like to think of myself as a technology astronaut. So we like to blast in and learn stuff. And more specifically, the people that buy our products,

they're there to get certified on a new technology. So we want to make sure that what we're putting down in our product, it will help them achieve their goal of certification. You described being an astronaut. I love that. As you were saying, we have to sort of dive in and learn as much as possible. I just had the thought of like an intrepid explorer going into a new place that no one really knows yet, and what kinds of questions do you ask yourself when you're going

through something for the first time, knowing that you're collecting information that you're going to need to convey in the future to somebody else? More specifically, when we design a test, we want to make sure we're designing that test based on what the goals and objectives are for that certification. So I'll ask myself this is, hey, what would Microsoft ask on an exam? So also, too, to, to, figure out what Microsoft would ask on an exam, we would go and sit for said exam.

Now, we have the goals and the objectives for that particular exam. However, we want to make sure that when we sit for said exam, that at least the vendor is not lying to us.

They're covering these objectives. So that's our I guess our little padded safety to make sure that we are covering what Microsoft emphasizes on the exam. So the developers here at N2K, we're sort of like Johnny Depp in Pirates of the Caribbean. We go out and seek the treasure and ensure that the crackens and everything else doesn't bring us down. How do you go about developing a strong case study or a strong scenario that would help somebody sort of apply their knowledge in context.

When you look at the objectives for a test, it may say implement this particular technology. So you would go, first off, for a scenario, you would go about what, how would a company implement this scenario? Also, too, with Microsoft tests, they like to implement more than one objective within a question. So in a way, that helps out because I could say, within a case study, you want to implement this technology, implement this technology, implement this technology. So you could come up with a question that it's not just a multiple choice question. That's one of the things I would say that Microsoft has kind of moved away from.

They like to be more interactive. So instead of just what would you do here, A, B, or C, it would say scenario one. What would you do in this situation? scenario two what would you do in this situation scenario three and that could be all encompassed in one question so that's that's kind of the fun part of developing practice tests especially on the Microsoft side because you get to incorporate multiple technologies within a single question and that challenges the student to say that hey he's at they're asking two two different questions about two different technologies here so it uh it it

basically ratchets up the bloom level or difficulty of a particular question. But the bottom line is, this is the practice test. I don't care if everybody gets every question wrong in a practice test. I want them to be able to read that explanation. So when they finish that practice test, they are ready to sit for that exam. Anne Ling is our product manager and technical editor for certification content. Let's hear how she works to make her work invisible, clear and to the point in the best way possible. Can you tell me a little bit about your role here at N2K and what your involvement is in making our practice tests?

Well, because our products are that good, I acquired the skills and the knowledge along the way to actually earn several of the certifications myself. And so what I do now help with the instructional design. And what that means is that I help make sure that the actual content of the questions that we're asking matches what the vendor is going to ask. Does it match the format of how the vendor is going to ask it? Does it use the same types of language? Is it phrased the same way? Is it covering the concepts to the right depth? I have written some of the product every once in a while,

I'll pitch in and write some of the product myself, and then let someone else language edit that because you don't language edit your own stuff. Because you always see what you think you wrote. You never see what you actually wrote. You see what you think you wrote. Basically, I have to have my finger in one of each one of the vendor pies.

Can you tell me a little bit about how you'd go about tackling an update to a new exam and how it might differ a little bit from a brand new exam that we might be creating for the first time? Sure. Well, actually, updates are kind of our bread and butter because, as I mentioned before, we've got these perennial exams that are renewed every three years or every five years or on a regular basis. And so what we do is, first of all, we get the revised objectives from the vendor.

The vendor is Cisco or ISC squared or, you know, whoever is the certifying body. They will release a very large, very detailed list of bullet points and tell you which topics are being tested. What percentage of the test is going to be that topic. They'll break each topic down at the bullet points. And then what we do, first of all, is we look at their blueprint and we map it to our old blueprint. We look at what has changed. For example, if there's an entirely new set of topics, we know that's going to be all new content. So we'll set that aside to write separately.

And then we will go through the old content and we do what's called mapping. So first we map the topic itself. So, for example, if there's a topic on IPV6 subnetting, then we will pull all of the previous items about IPV6 subnetting and put them aside and put them into that new objective. The second round is actually where the magic happens, and that is where we check for deprecations and updates. And the two of the biggest ones that I can mention recently are the fact that WPA3 is now the most secure wireless encryption standard.

So WPA2 is still in wide use, and you'll need to be, you'll be tested on that. You'll need to know all the specs for that. But we had a whole bunch of items that were, you know, if the objective was describe best practices for wireless security, well, sure, we've got plenty of questions, but they all say that the most secure protocol is WPA-2 Enterprise. So all of that had to be updated with the new language added for WPA-3.

so we check to make sure that commands are still current we'll actually pull up PowerShell and execute all the commands make sure that they haven't changed they haven't added any new parameters so we make sure that the content matches the form of what the vendor is asking and then the second thing of course that we do is rewrite new questions to fill in the gaps of whatever is now being covered that wasn't covered before

and then we dropped stuff that was being covered but it's no longer current. I will tell you that with the last A-plus update, I did hunt and kill my very last item that referred to Skyzy Drives. Sorrel Joppy is our production specialist. He brings together attention to detail and creative drive to create our best video content. Let's hear how Sorrel approaches our weekly video productions. I have I wear a couple of different hats here. So video editor, videographer, a little bit into, like, the audio department. So I'm just doing like some cleanup stuff.

So like a little bit of audio cleanup as well. So like Q&A stuff with audio. So a few different things that I kind of did a little bit. T-minus Space Daily is a daily podcast. We, for a little while, did daily headline countdowns as well. We've transitioned to doing weekly. I'm curious what the difference for you either in terms of process or creativity was like as we transition from doing something every single day

to every single week? It just gives you a little bit more time and a little bit more like, you know, cushion to kind of get things done. Instead of it's just being like a daily thing where it's just like a faster or quicker tunnel to the world, you just compile everything, like the top headlines,

anything, you know, in a space like environment, we just, you know, compile those headlines. And then they give it to me at the end of the week. And then I take those headlines. And based off of those headlines, I got to find, like, photos or videos that kind of like, you know, coincide with those headlines.

And I comprise that, put it together, and I send it out so that we have this, so we have a full package like little show. Yeah. So you actually just mentioned something that I think is one of the most, at least for me as someone who's viewing it, one of the most fun things about our weekly countdowns is the accompanying images that go along with the stories. So there's five stories and then those five accompanying, like,

videos or images that go along with it. So tell me a little bit about how you go about finding some of these things. There's lots and lots of space content out there, but it's sort of like the mix and match of how do I make sure that I found the right visual for the story that we're sharing that week? So I typically try to take like the keywords. So I sort of take like the HR approach, you know, when you're kind of like, you know, dissecting and kind of go up through like resumes. So I take like certain keywords and I kind of just put it in like search, the different search engines and just find something that kind of like calls. side with that particular story.

One of the things that I didn't realize until I started working here is that the space industry, because it started as, like, public sector and federal, so many of the space images that exist for us exist, like, freely in the public domain because they're for all of us, like spaces for everybody. Have you found either, like, NASA's resources or other organizations like that, helpful as you've been doing this? Yeah, certainly, certainly. Definitely NASA.

I use their search engine or their website or their domain all the time. like found stuff. I try to find stuff that's like direct, like a direct correlation to what it is that the topic is. Are you compiling things that you find that are just interesting that might be useful to you in the future as part of your process? I am. I definitely am. And not only that, also the movement of the actual like photos as well. So like, you know, typically like when you're like chilling the story, at least from a like a journalistic standpoint, like you have like a slow like zone or pan out. I try to do more like with the movement of that. So like a email, left or right or like a vertical type of thing, just to kind of like, you know, keep the audience

engaged. I know it's not like much, but just like the little stuff like that that I hope that, you know, really kind of like just fills the person's head and like you want to keep it more gauge. So we're sort of in this interesting spot where we are in fact trying to draw attention to either like specific companies or organizations or products, but we are a journalistic media organization. So our approach and the way that we portray this to the rest of the world makes a really big difference. So I would actually love to hear you talk a little bit more about how you're sort of transitioning between

things, because from story to story, there's definitely like, it's a countdown. Like we go 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. But you're doing this visually as well. How are you thinking about shifting between story to story to story and the countdown every week? Yeah, so exactly what you said is the countdown. So I kind of just like, I really

use that to like the best of my ability, right? So like, you know, I feel like it's a countdown. So like you go off from like five to It's not like a large countdown, anything like that. It's just from five to one. But I hope that, you know, with the headlines that each week it's not going to be like the biggest headline for number one, but I try to make it so that, you know, from five to one that it starts off kind of like.

And then once you get down to one, it's like, oh, man, like this really happens. But, you know, so, you know, it's like the big reveal, you know, because there's a countdown. Oh, so that's what I heard. Who is involved with the making of the T-minus countdown? Certainly, certainly. It goes through a plet of our hands. So Maria is the voiceover for it. And Alice is the producer. She's a person who, like, scripts everything and writes a good thing out and also comes up with the headline for each day. I'm the editor. And Bridget is the, like, QC person, like the quality assurance person or quality control person. And Elliot is the, you know, audio engineer. So it goes through a plethora of hands. Even though it's a short like little like a short like segment, it goes through a few different hands. And that's just part of their production, you know, a video production. It goes through a number of hands. Is there anything that as

you're sort of watching it back, you're like, I love that that's happening here. I really hope that our audience sees that too. Yes, indeed. It would be for sure, fun fact Friday. It would definitely me from Friday. That is hands down my favorite thing to work on. It gives me the most freedom. It gives me the most flexibility. It allows me to kind of like, you know, get like my, my gears and everything like growing. I love that show. Oh, my God. Shout out to Liz, Liz, Liz. Shout out to her. She allows me to kind of just, she gives me the show and let me just do my thing with it. And I have so, I have like I have like just art, you know, artistic freedom. when it comes in our show. So I love that. And that is a wrap on our Labor Day special, The Labor Behind the Labor. Big thanks to Alice and Elliot, Ethan, George, and Sorrell

for providing a peek behind the scenes of our work here at N2K networks. And for all of you listening, thank you so much for being a part of why we do what we do. From all of us here at N2K, happy Labor Day. Thank you.