Daniel and Kelly’s Extraordinary Universe - The SF Universe of Becky Chamber's "The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet"

Episode Date: April 2, 2020

Daniel interviews Becky Chambers about her book "The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet. " Volume 1 of the Wayfarers series which won the Hugo award for best series. You can purchase a copy of the book here. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This is an I-Heart podcast. December 29th, 1975, LaGuardia Airport. The holiday rush, parents hauling luggage, kids gripping their new Christmas toys. Then, everything changed. There's been a bombing at the TWA terminal. Just a chaotic, chaotic scene. In its wake, a new kind of enemy emerged, terrorism. Listen to the new season of Law and Order Criminal Justice System

On the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. My boyfriend's professor is way too friendly, and now I'm seriously suspicious. Wait a minute, Sam. Maybe her boyfriend's just looking for extra credit. Well, Dakota, luckily, it's back to school week on the OK Storytime podcast, so we'll find out soon. This person writes, my boyfriend's been hanging out with his young professor a lot. He doesn't think it's a problem, but I don't trust her. Now he's insisting we get to know each other, but I just want her gone. Hold up. Isn't that against school policy? That seems inappropriate.

Maybe find out how it ends by listening to the OK Storytime podcast on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hi, it's Honey German, and I'm back with season two of my podcast. Grazias, come again. We got you when it comes to the latest in music and entertainment with interviews with some of your favorite Latin artists and celebrities. You didn't have to audition? No, I didn't audition. I haven't auditioned in like over 25 years. Oh, wow.

That's a real G-talk right there. Oh, yeah. We'll talk about all that's viral and trending with a little bit of cheesement and a whole lot of laughs. And of course, the great bevras you've come to expect. Listen to the new season of Dresses Come Again on the Iheart Radio app, Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcast.

Hey, Daniel, I have a question for you about aliens. Oh, I'm always ready to gobble that up. When you meet another human culture, it means a lot to share a meal together. You know, like if you visit somebody or in a different country, it's important, you know, to sit down and eat together. But if aliens visit, would you be willing to try their food? Ooh, even if it looks super gross. You know, the fate of the earth might be on the line. You don't want to offend them.

I'm not sure I could take a bite and smile. I think maybe we should send our ambassador of weird snack foods. Oh, wow, that sounds like a prestigious title. Who did you have in mind? I just submitted the form to nominate you. Sounds delicious. I'm Jorge. I'm a cartoonist and the creator of PhD comics. Hi, I'm Daniel. I'm a particle physicist, but I honestly do like weird snack foods.

What's the weirdest snack food you ever eaten, Daniel? I don't even know what it was because we have some Japanese markets here where there's nothing in English. And sometimes we just go in and get a few bags of weird stuff and try it Japanese roulette with the snack foods. Japanese snack roulette. And I'm like, is this a salty snack? Is it baby food? Is it dessert? I don't even know. Does it have fish in it? Does it have fish and cheese on it? Oh, everything has fish in it. Everything has fish in it.

It's the Japanese market. It's all extracted from shrimp somehow. Yeah, yeah. But I love it. Yeah, well, welcome to our podcast, Daniel and Jorge, talk about snack foods. Eat weird stuff. And the universe. Now, welcome to our podcast, Daniel and Jorge, explain the universe, a production of IHeart Radio.

In which we talk about all the amazing and tasty and weird things about our universe that we find ourselves in. where you have woken up as a conscious being in this universe imbued with curiosity and look out into the cosmos and wonder, why is it like that? Well, we are here to tell you why. Right. And what does it taste like? That's important. Does that ever cross your mind, Daniel?

I wonder what aliens taste like. You know, maybe they won't eat us. Maybe we'll eat that. No, no. I'm trending more and more vegetarian. But I have wondered, you know, sometimes they talk about like a teaspoon of neutron star weighs as much as whatever. And I wonder, what does that taste like?

You know, what is a teaspoon of neutron star? Probably kind of heavy. Maybe you should spread it on toast or something. You know, mix it with a little cream, I don't know, sparkling water. I think it would toast to toast. But yeah, welcome to our podcast in which we talk about all of the amazing things in the universe, all the delicious things, and all of the things that may not yet exist or happen in this universe. And we like to talk about the real universe, the one that's actually out there that scientists are trying to figure out

because it's filled with crazy puzzles and amazing mysteries and mind-blowing discoveries. But sometimes the best way to explore our universe is to think about other hypothetical universes that might be and also might be our universe. Yeah, because businesses, I think we think of them as explorers, you know, the universe trying to discover new things. But even more out there, I would say maybe the advanced scout of the human consciousness and search for knowledge are sort of the inventors, you know, the art. the writers who think of what could possibly be possible and what would happen if we found them.

That's true. Artists certainly are at the forefront of what is possible and what might be impossible. I'm glad that you think about physicists as explorers, though sometimes you describe me as an explorer from the couch, like a couch stronaut. You're a couch explorer. You probably know that couch really well. You know, every nook and cranny. It's well suited to the shape of my bottom. That's true. So if physicists explore the universe from the couch, then artists explore the universe from the couch, then artists

to explore the universe from... From their brains. From inside their own minds. There you go. Nobody uses typewriters. But, you know, from their computers, from their fingers and their keyboards. No, it really is a mental exercise, though, to think about how the universe is and how the universe might be.

And that's why I'm such a huge fan of science fiction, because to me, the fun puzzle of science fiction is figuring out, how does this universe work that some artist or some writer has created? And that's the same puzzle we're facing in our actual universe. And so the mental exercise is very similar. It's a big physics, scientific detective mystery. And so today on the program, we're having the third of our series of interviews and reviews of famous, well-known science fiction novels. Otherwise known as Daniel's excuse to talk to all the authors he's a big fan of.

Welcome to Daniel Becomes a Fanboy, live in front of thousands of people. And loves every minute of it. No, this has been super fun. We talked already to Anne Lecky, who won the Hugo and the Nebula for her great book, Ancillary Justice. And we recently talked to Blake Crouch about his really fun book recursion. And so today we're excited to talk to you about another book. Yeah, it's a pretty, and it's kind of a different science fiction type of book. I haven't read it, and so I'm looking forward to hearing about it from you.

But you're telling me that it's sort of hard science fiction, but it's also kind of a humorous book. Like it has a sense of humor, which you don't usually associate maybe. unless you think about Douglas Adams, right, and the hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy. Yeah, well, you have some science fiction books that take themselves very seriously. And, you know, I'm a big fan of those. And then you've got the ones that don't take themselves that seriously, you know, Star Trek, where they're sort of like winking at you when they're saying they're just going to. Well, you know, how can those writers be serious?

Well, then do you know how to reverse the polarity on the tau generator? Yeah, just, well, damn it, Daniel, I'm not. not a scientist. I'm just an engineer. And then you have your sort of like wacky science fiction. Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, for example, filled with crazy characters and silly hijinks and all sorts of stuff. And this one, I think, sort of stretches all those genres. It's like very hardcore about the physics and how that universe works. She really tried hard to make it realistic and interesting. But then it's also mostly about the emotional story of

these characters and the bonds they make together and their antics and the silly food they eat together, and so it's a really human story. Sounds like it's a sitcom space opera. A little bit. Sitcom space opera. Yeah, and you provide the laugh track. I laughed a lot while reading this book. Oh, really? You actually laugh out loud

as you're reading it? Yeah, I laughed a lot. I woke up my wife several times while reading this book. Really? Wow. Well, maybe I'll check it out. But it's kind of an interesting story for a book because the author self-published it first online or through Kickstarter, and then it

picked up by a publisher, and then it sort of took off. It won a Hugo Award for the whole series last year. Yeah, it's a real inspiration for everybody out there who wants to be a mainline science fiction author and thinks they have what it takes, but isn't sure and doesn't know how to break in. Here's the story of somebody who has just started writing, and then it took off on its own. It's sort of like an Andy Weir story, right? She wrote it herself, she published it Kickstarter and then later somebody sort of influential found it and funded the rest of the series and now she's

winning massive prizes and getting paid to do this full time so it's a real inspirational story. She's getting invited to prestigious podcast, I mean that's living the dream. Is she? Can I get invited to a prestigious podcast? That sounds like fun. Talking about us, Daniel. Oh, whoops, sorry, yeah.

Damn it, Daniel. Fake until you make it, right? I'm an engineer or not a podcast host. No, it's a, she has a fun story and she is a lot of personalities, I think you'll hear in the interview, and she's really done a great job of carrying that personality into her characters and creating realistic characters in a fascinating science fiction universe. Awesome. And so to the end of the program, we'll be talking about the fun science fiction universe of Becky Chambers, the long way to a small, angry planet.

And even just that title, it really drew me in from the very beginning. Like, that sounds like, a good story, doesn't it? The long way to a small, angry planet. I guess it's the play between like long, small, angry. Yeah, it's kind of funny. It means you think of like a bitter, bitter little shriveled up planet. Well, it tells you that there's going to be a journey involved, and you already like that. It's like Tolkienesque, right, it's a long way.

The story is going to be about traveling. And when you get there, there's going to be something exciting because this planet is pissed off. Oh, really? Interesting. Well, I'm hooked already. So let's talk about what the basic idea of the novel is, and then let's talk about the signs of it. And then we'll play the interview for you guys. But what is this, a small angry planet?

It's not us, is it? Is it Earth? We are not the angry planet, no. So to set the scene, in her universe, we all live in the galaxy, but the galaxy is filled with aliens, all sorts of crazy aliens. Aliens that have more legs or fins or all sorts of weird stuff, but they're sort of human-like. You know, they're very understandable. They have a similar sense of humor. They eat in a kitchen.

They sleep. They can be like interspecies romance. So, you know, they're alien, but they're also not that alien. Is it more like Star Wars or Star Trek in terms of its budget for, you know, special makeup and effects? I'd say it's a little bit more Star Trek that way. You know, like the Klingons are like humans, but with little ridges on their heads and they tend to be grumpy, that kind of thing. All the aliens are like humans. perturbed in some interesting way.

I see. It's not like you're falling in love with a blob of scenting gas. I got nothing against that. You know, between consenting blobs of scenting gas can do whatever they like. But in this book, there are no sentient blobs of alien gas. I see. Only sentient blobs of water and minerals in carbon. Yeah, and it's fascinating.

And you know, I think that that's sort of unrealistic. We'll get into that later. No, yeah, for sure. I feel like you lost me already. lost me already. But I think that she did this on purpose to sort of make the aliens approachable because the book is mostly about this gang that lives on a ship and they're like a work game. They have a job.

They're building wormholes and, you know, they've got a contract and they've got to work together. And sort of like what it's like to be on this ship together with this crew that's multi-species. It totally is a sitcom. It's like cheers with wormholes. Yeah. And in order for that to work, you know, the aliens have to be able to talk to each other and share experiences and relate to each other. I see.

I see what you mean. They sort of not just look alike a little bit. They're humanoid, but they're also, you know, sort of share kind of a human sensibility, you know. Like it would be really hard to talk to a sentient blob that, you know, prioritizes different things than us. Yeah. And it would also be hard to have an alien be your cook on your ship. if they had no idea how to make human food or if they had no interest in human food. And so she enforces this sort of to make this, this overlap.

Okay. And, you know, she acknowledges this. She winks to it in the book, like, everybody's wondering, why are all the aliens so human? Is there some sort of like common ancestor? You know, she's aware of this. So I thought that was done pretty well. But that's sort of the galaxy, right? Chalked filled with aliens is all sorts of kinds more than I can keep track of.

But the core structure of the book is about how you get around the galaxy. Like, how do you get from solar system to solar system? Oh, I see. Because you were saying they work at a wormhole factory or a wormhole station? Or where do they work? They work on a ship that builds wormholes. And so, of course, to get from one solar system to another, it takes a long time if you're traveling at less than the speed of light.

Take millions of years to get across the galaxy, you know, at some small fraction of the speed of light. Or even if you're moving at the speed of light, it would take you, you know, 100,000 years to get across the Milky Way. That's not really good for building a galaxy-sized society. So you have to have some way to connect these solar systems. And in her book, they do it via wormholes. And, you know, wormholes we've talked about in the show. And we'll talk in a minute about whether they're realistic.

The thing that's really cool about this book that's different from a lot of other books that have wormholes in them is that she doesn't just sort of hand-wave her way to wormholes like, oh, and there are wormholes. She talks about, like, how do you actually build a wormhole? She has instructions in the book about how to do it. Yeah, and the characters in this book live on a ship and work together building wormholes. So they're like flying this wormhole construction ship around the galaxy. And each one is kind of a pain in the butt. I mean, later when people use it, it's pretty easy. But actually constructing the wormhole, she's thought through, like, how you would do that and the difficulties and, you know, built up this whole bureaucracy and infrastructure.

around how that would work and the economics of it. And so you are on a journey of building a wormhole in this book. Yeah, you call it a wormhole engineering, which sounds like an awesome title for a degree. I'm a wormhole engineer. Oh, man, are we creating more kinds of engineers already? You can't have enough. And I thought you would like that because it's not just like, well, the physicists say it's possible, so therefore we have them in our world.

It's like, well, how would you actually make one? Physicists say a lot of things possible. Space elevators are possible. Other orbits are possible. How do you actually make it happen? And so she not just thought that through, but makes it sort of the central driving plot of the book is this crew building this difficult wormhole to an angry planet.

Okay, so I'm getting the sense that it's sort of a mix of Star Trek, Cheers, and Discovery Channel documentary about how to build bridges. In the best possible way. In the best possible way. with food, apparently, as well. Yeah, yeah, I think the author drinks a lot of tea, so there's a lot of discussion of different kinds of tea and weird alien tea and all sorts of stuff.

All right, so the novel spends a lot of time and the mechanics of building a wormhole, which sounds pretty interesting. And then you also noted here that they do have faster than light travel, but they don't use it. Yeah, it's sort of a toss away in the book. She mentions briefly, like, and of course, some scientists figured out how to do

faster than light travel. They built a faster than light drive, but it led to all sorts of bureaucratic complications because it violates causality and has time travel and basically just gives everybody a headache, so they outlawed it. Which always works, obviously. Outlawing things, totally makes them go away, and nobody ever tries it or does it. That's right. FTL prohibition. And I asked her about that in the interview. You'll hear her response. I thought it was pretty fun. Though, I'll be honest, if faster than light travel was possible, I would definitely be ignoring the laws against it. Like, I would love to go to another planet. For sure, wouldn't you take a bootleg ride to another planet faster than life? Well, I don't know. What do these alien prisons look like if you get caught?

It doesn't sound good. Alien prisons are never good. But if you have a faster than light drive, how are they going to catch you, right? You can always get away from them. Oh, true, true. And you can violate causality so you could, I don't know, erase them before they catch you. you, I don't know. Yeah, exactly. All right. Well, let's get into the signs of it and whether or not it's plausible from your point of view, and then we'll get to the interview with Becking. But first, let's take

a quick break. December 29th, 1975, LaGuardia Airport. The holiday rush. Parents hauling luggage, kids gripping their new Christmas toys. Then, At 6.33 p.m., everything changed.

There's been a bombing at the TWA terminal. Apparently, the explosion actually impelled metal, glass. The injured were being loaded into ambulances. Just a chaotic, chaotic scene. In its wake, a new kind of enemy emerged, and it was here to stay. Terrorism. Law and order, criminal justice system is back. In season two, we're turning our focus to a threat that hides in plain sight.

That's harder to predict and even harder to stop. Listen to the new season of Law and Order Criminal Justice System on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. My boyfriend's professor is way too friendly, and now I'm seriously suspicious. Well, wait a minute, Sam, maybe her boyfriend's just looking for extra credit. Well, Dakota, it's back to school week on. on the OK Storytime podcast, so we'll find out soon. This person writes, my boyfriend has been hanging out with his young professor a lot.

He doesn't think it's a problem, but I don't trust her. Now, he's insisting we get to know each other, but I just want her gone. Now, hold up. Isn't that against school policy? That sounds totally inappropriate. Well, according to this person, this is her boyfriend's former professor and they're the same age. And it's even more likely that they're cheating. He insists there's nothing between them.

I mean, do you believe him? Well, he's certainly trying to get this person to believe him because he now wants them both to meet. So, do we find out if this person's boyfriend really cheated with his professor or not? To hear the explosive finale, listen to the OK Storytime podcast on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast. Hey, sis, what if I could promise you you never had to listen to a condescending finance, bro? Tell you how to manage your money again. Welcome to Brown Ambition. This is the hard part when you pay down those credit cards.

If you haven't gotten to the bottom of why you were racking up credit or turning to credit cards, you may just recreate the same problem a year from now. When you do feel like you are bleeding from these high interest rates, I would start shopping for a debt consolidation loan, starting with your local credit union, shopping around online, looking for some online lenders because they tend to have fewer fees and be more affordable. Listen, I am not here to judge. It is so expensive in these streets. I 100% can see how in just a few months you can have this much credit card debt when it weighs on you. It's really easy to just like stick your head in the sand. It's nice and dark in the sand. Even if it's scary, it's not going to go away just because you're avoiding it.

And in fact, it may get even worse. For more judgment-free money advice, listen to Brown Ambition on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast. All right, we're talking about Biggie Chambers' debut novel, Long Way to a Small Angry Planet, which won the Hugo for Best Series. This series is called Wayfarers, right? Yeah, and there's three books in the series and they all have fun titles and they track the exploits of this crew and the rest of the galaxy and all the stuff that happens to these people. Is the sequel called The Longer Way to a Smaller Angrier Planet or the Short Way to a Large Happy Planet? No, she has more clever titles. The next ones are called a closed and common orbit and then the record of a space-borne few.

And I've got to say, she has a bit of a knack for coming up for cool titles. These are, those are good titles. Yeah, they tell a story onto themselves. Yeah, they summarized the whole book in just a few words. It's cool. Wow. All right. So then you're telling me that a lot of the book is about building wormholes and the

engineering of it. And so let's dig into that. Is it sort of plausible what she talks about in the book? Not just wormholes as an idea, but just the way she's talking about describing how you would build one. Well, I would say on the large scale, yes. I mean, wormholes are totally theoretically possible in our universe, and nobody knows how to build one at all. So she's operating in sort of a void there for like how you would actually build them.

If I had to guess how wormholes worked and how you would construct them, I don't think I would have come up with the solution she found, but, you know, I can't criticize it. Well, maybe let's recap for the audience. A wormhole is right now a theoretical kind of shortcut in space, right? Like, the idea is that you somehow connect space here to a bit of space somewhere far away. And the laws of physics actually allow you to do that. That's right. And the motivation is to get somewhere far away without going through all the space between here and there. And the idea is to somehow shorten the space between here and there.

Not like a warp drive, which like squeezes it, but to actually make a connection between here and there. Like a back door. like a back door. And there's sort of two different mathematical ways to think about them we can talk about. But general relativity says that they're possible. Like if you write down the laws of general relativity to tell us how space bends and how space is connected, you can find a solution to those equations that connects two faraway points in space via this wormhole. You have a black hole on one side and a white hole on the other side.

And so one thing I've always wondered about wormholes is does a math, math, suggests that you're, you know, you're connecting points. And so you're connecting points, how can you fit anything through it? Or can you make wormholes that are bigger than a point? Yeah, that's one of the problems. If you just make a wormhole that's a point, it will collapse, that it's unstable. It will not stay open. And anyway, you can't get anything through it if it's just a point.

So what you need is to keep it open and to expand that hole. And the way you need to do that is somehow have some sort of negative pressure. You need negative gravitational pressure, which is not something we know how to do. But theoretically, people think, well, maybe if there were particles that had negative mass, we call this exotic matter, we talked about it recently on the program,

then if those existed, maybe they could hold it open and keep it stable and have the opening be big enough that you could pass an object through, maybe even a spaceship. But there's a lot of steps there. Right. And she sort of has that in her book.

You were telling me, like, in her book, you open a wormhole, and then you have to throw buoys in there to keep it open. Yeah, so maybe let's talk about the idea she has for a wormhole, and then let's talk about whether that lines up with wormholes in reality. So in her imagining wormholes, the way they work is that our space, our three-dimensional space is sort of embedded in a higher-dimensional space, the way like a sheet of paper is two dimensions,

and it's embedded in our three-dimensional space. And in three-dimensions, you can twist a sheet of paper, and you could leave the surface and come back somewhere else. And imagine, for example, if that surface was rolled up, if that two-dimensional sheet was like a roll of toilet paper, then you might actually be really close to other places on that 2D surface without realizing it because you're close sort of in three dimensions. Right, because you're folded in that higher dimensional space

and actually you're sitting right next to each other. But to us, it seems far away because you have to go all around the toilet paper first. Yeah. So she calls this the space between space, the sublayer. And in her universe, you can punch a hole and sort of move off the surface of our three-dimensional space into this higher dimensional space, transit through this weird subspace, and then punch another hole and get back. And the job of these ships is to punch that hole and then to navigate through that space, which is pretty tricky, dropping buoys along the way so that ships that come later can just follow the buoys. So you're saying we're sitting in a bigger space, but I guess, is that possible? Or is it possible we're sitting in a bigger space?

So it is possible that we're sitting in a bigger space. And by bigger, we don't mean like larger, like more 3D space, but that there are other dimensions. There are different ways to move the way that a 2D sheet of paper is sitting in a 3D space. Try to imagine our 3D space in some 4D or 5D or 10 dimensional space. And as we talked about once in the program, we don't know how many dimensions. of space there are, there could be three, there could be 11, there could be 26, there could be more. We just don't know. And the idea is like, like, the idea is that, you know, like you and I are far apart from each other right now.

But maybe there's a dimension that if I just take a step in that direction in this higher dimensional space, suddenly I'm next to you. Yeah. If, if this 3D space happens to be folded in that higher dimensional space so that we're close in this higher dimensional space. Oh, you have to find those folds. And is that part of the plot, like finding those folds? Yeah.

And apparently it's very difficult to navigate and only certain kinds of beings know how to do it. And that part is kind of hand wavy in the book. She doesn't get into the details. It's just sort of like everybody who gets into the subspace sort of like loses their sense of time. But there's this special category of sentient beings that know how to navigate it and find their way and build these wormholes. If you eat the spice, then that lets you. It's actually if you get this weird brain virus that they pass. to their children. It's quite fascinating. A spicy virus. Yeah. Yeah. So that's one way of thinking

about wormholes is like moving in some higher dimension and imagining that the constraints of our universe are only because we're not seeing the full picture. And if we could only move in this other way, then maybe we could find shortcuts. Oh, I see. So that's her flavor of wormholes. And you're saying there's another flavor that physicists have also considered or think is maybe more realistic? I think it's more realistic. I've considered it. So, you know that's one physicist at least um and that's sort of an intrinsic one i mean when we talk about bending of space we don't think about the bending of space in the context of some higher dimension like when when the sun bends the space near the earth so that the earth is moving

in an orbit it's not bending it's in some higher dimension the way like a bowling ball in a rubber sheet bends a 2d space in 3d instead the bending is intrinsic It's not relative to some external ruler. It just changes the relationship between bits of space. It changes how far things are from each other. And so that's an intrinsic kind of bending instead of an extrinsic bending. And physicists in general sort of think this one is more realistic? Well, intrinsic bending is definitely what happens in our three-dimensional space

due to mass and general relativity. So that's definitely the kind of bending we have seen. We don't know if we're in a higher-dimensional space. We've never seen extrinsic bending relative to that. But we have seen intrinsic bending, and the equations of general relativity are consistent with this sort of intrinsic connection between two points in space, a black hole in one, a white hole in the other, and then at their core, those two points are the same point. Right.

But physicists also think that we might be living in a higher dimensional space, right? Yes, absolutely. There are other dimensions. That's right. There may be other dimensions. We've never seen them. We can't rule them out, however. And some theories of physics predict them, like boson.

string theory and super string theory predict 11 or 26 dimensions. Those are theoretical ideas. We've never seen those dimensions. We've never seen bending in those dimensions. We have, however, seen bending in these three, this intrinsic bending where you just change the relative relationship between bits of space. That's happening all the time. You're doing that right now with the mass of your body.

I'm bending space right now. You blow minds and bend space. All right. Well, it sounds like it sounds like you. maybe want to write the opposing novel, the long way to a small, angry physicist. And in that, in that version, if you build a wormhole, there would be no traveling in between, right? The one side of the wormhole is the other side of the wormhole. There's no, like, working through higher dimensional space or subspace. Oh, I see. It's just instantly connected.

Yeah, you're right there. It's not about navigating the folds. It's just like you, it's just joined together. But, you know, a fair criticism is nobody knows how to build that. Like, it's consistent with the laws of physics, that doesn't mean we know how to make it happen, right? It's a big difference. It sounds like what she did was sort of plausible, right? Totally, totally plausible, yes. Maybe not the favorite theory of physicists,

but it sounds like it's plausible. And how she describes building one, is that sort of realistic, or is that, you know, just her using her imagination at that point? It's her using her imagination because nobody knows anything about what would happen in these higher dimensions

and what the laws of physics would be like there. But, you know, she built a credible idea. and she followed it through and she stuck to the rules of her story. So, you know, I give her five stars for that. Cool. Well, I am certainly interested in reading this book now.

And so again, the book is called The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet by Becky Chambers. And so now, Daniel, you spoke to Becky recently and asked her a bunch of questions. I did. She was kind enough to give me some of her time and to share with me how she built her science fiction universe, why she made the choices she did, how she designed her characters. and also to tell me in her own words a bit about her personal journey from totally unknown struggling writer

to Hugo Whitting Science Fiction author. Wow. I guess he's not as angry anymore. She seems like a pretty happy person. It's been a long way to a large, happy career. To a large, happy shelf full of awards. Yes, so thanks, Becky, for spending your time and congrats on all your success. Awesome. Well, here is Daniel,

interviewing science fiction author, Becky Chambers. Okay, thank you very much for coming on our podcast. Would you mind first introducing yourself for our listeners? Absolutely. My name's Becky Chambers, and I'm the author of varied sci-fi books. I'm best known for my Wayfarer series, which currently includes the long way to a small, angry planet, a closed and common orbit, and record of a space-borne few. I'm also the author of a standalone novella called To Be Taught, If Fortunate. Well, congratulations on all of your success.

It's been kind of a journey for you. Can you tell us a little bit about how you got to be where you are? Yeah, I still don't know exactly how I got to where I am. It all started in 2012. I was working on the long way to a small, Angry Planet, and I was doing freelance writing at the time, which is not the most stable of professions. And I reached one of those points I think is familiar to most freelancers

where I ran out of paying gigs for a few months. I was really close to finishing the book and I didn't want to stop is what it came down to. And pitching and finding gigs is something that takes up a ton of time and effort. And I knew that I kind of had a choice there as to which I was going to focus on. So I turned to Kickstarter and I said, hey, I've got this idea for a book. I need two months to finish it. Would you help me out? And to my eternal surprise, the internet obliged and I was able to finish it and I self-published and put it out there. And I kind of thought that was it. You know, I had given my backers what I said I would make it. You know, I sold a little bit, but not much. And then I had the extraordinary lightning strike good fortune of, meeting just the right person at a convention a couple years later. And we had beers and chatted and that was that. I didn't talk about the book at all. And then a few months later, she got in touch because she'd read it and offered me my first book deal. And it's been a crazy

ride ever since. So this is now what I do full time, which is the best job ever. Well, depending on which day you catch me on. But yeah, when people ask me, you know, how do you get published? How do you about writing a book. I have no idea what to say because it really has been kind of a crazy ride. Well, congratulations on all of your success. And I hope that your story serves like, you know, an inspiration to other folks out there who are hoping to break in and seeing that it's possible from, you know, from the outside to just write something wonderful that resonates with people and have a take off. Thank you very much. So in these interviews, we'd like to get to know an author a little bit by asking them some classic science fiction questions. So here's a

philosophical question about transporters like Star Trek style. Do you think that it actually moves you from one place to another or that it sort of kills you, disassembles you, and clones you somewhere else? I'm in the disassembling camp, which is really grim. I hate it, but I feel like that's what happens. And if so, would you use a transporter? Absolutely not. I'd be like, I'd be like bones in this situation where I'm like, I don't want to get in that ever. See, the thing is people use them, you know, every day and they don't think too much about it. But I'm the sort of person who would overthink it because when a transporter goes wrong, it goes really, really wrong. So I think I'd stick to shuttles unless I absolutely had to. Well, then thinking more broadly in science fiction that you read, what sort of technology that you see in science fiction would you like to see actually come? into reality. Ooh, are we talking about technology that's likely or anything?

Anything. Think broadly. I would like, well, sticking with Star Trek, I'd love a replicator because I hate cooking. And it would just bring me constant joy just to not have to put any thought into dinner just to be like I'm having filet mignon tonight or whatever. I also think artificial gravity would be a good one because I really want to go to space in that I'd love to see Earth from orbit, I'd like to go out there, but I also get really emotion sick. So I have a feeling that me in microgravity might not be the best of friends.

So if you can give me somewhere where I can actually sit on a couch in a couple and look out, that would be fantastic. Well, very good. That sounds like a very nice wish list. It's all creature comforts now that I'm thinking about it. It's nothing revolutionary. I should have sent some sort of medical technology, but no, I just want to be comfy and eat my steak. Right, and have a wonderful view of Earth. Exactly. Well, I really enjoyed reading your book. It was a lot of fun. I read a lot of science fiction and I don't finish everything that I read. But yours, I found a lot of fun. I was really impressed with the characters you created and I loved how you could really get to know these characters. I mean, they are all facing really different challenges than anything I've ever faced. But I still sort of felt like, hey, these are real people and they're going through struggles that I can identify with a little bit or at least enough to get to know them. And it seems

to me like quite a challenge to create characters in this alternate universe that are different enough from us that they're like honestly in that universe not in ours but still similar enough that we can identify with them. Yeah, I'm happy to hear you say that. But yeah, it is tricky. I always have to figure out what the anchor points are, right? Because yeah, I like to take you on kind of a journey in that respect. You know, I want you to think outside of your box. I want you to consider other cultures and ways of thinking and other structures of families and all of that. But there has to be some degree of relatability. And there's something where you can get in and really,

even if you're very physically different or if you're very culturally different, that you can still relate to them on some level. And so I mess with that in a lot of different ways. Sometimes it's physicality. If it's a character that I want you to be able to trust right off the bat, I'm more likely to make them bipedal. Because if somebody walks up to you, like a giant lobster, you're going to have that moment of, even if they're the nicest person

in the world. It's things like that or just things like maybe sharing food or, you know, just having an honest conversation about, well, here's how my family works. Here's how, you know, here's how my language works, because you can learn a lot about how a person thinks, by the way they speak, etc. So those are the things I really, I really enjoy teasing out, figuring out, finding that good balance between I want to make this weird. I want to make you stretch your brain a bit, but I also want you to feel like this is a person you could be friends with. Yeah, it seems like you spend a lot of time thinking about how the various aliens would interact with each other, which food from this species would work for the other one and how social ideas from one culture could be

different from another. I imagine in our universe, it would be much more difficult than what you describe. I mean, I think real aliens would be so vastly different that you couldn't have tea with them or share a kitchen. But if you want to have a culture and have them interact in some way, then you have to. Is that what motivated you to make them all sort of human-like, to make them frankly a bit unrealistically human? Absolutely. It's very intentional on my part. And it's not with the Wayfarers universe, it's not reflective of what I think life in the universe would actually be like. Much as I'd love to go have tea with an alien, I don't think that would be possible. I imagine something much more like, say, arrival, for example, where they're so odd and they're so alien that it's upsetting and disconcerting.

And even though you're trying to figure each other out, it's difficult and painful. And you never, even when you get there, you can't really explain it to anybody else. I think if we were lucky enough to exist at the same time as another civilization level species, that's more what it would be like. But with Wayfair's books, the intent is to follow in the footsteps of things like Star Trek and Farscape and Star Wars, all these wonderful multispecies universes that I grew up with, and to make you feel like you could be part of it, that you could easily inhabit it. So it is a very conscious choice on my part to make them more a little more human than I think they're. would be. Well, I think you succeeded because I would love to hang out with your aliens and have a meal with them. I mean, in general, I would love to hang out with aliens. I have so many physics questions for aliens. I would like to ask the aliens about wormholes and interstellar travel and

all that stuff. So it frustrates me to imagine that they might show up on Earth and then we'd have like no way to talk to them. But let me turn then to the physics of your universe because I'm a physicist and Our show is mostly about physics, and I was really intrigued by the physics of the universe that you built in your novel. My take on it is that in your novel, to get around the galaxy, you use wormholes. But these wormholes require, like, actual work to construct. This is unusual to see in a science fiction book to really think about how the wormholes would get built. I mean, in your universe, you have to, like, punch a hole into this sublayer of space, this space between space, and then make these connections sort of man. before people can actually use them for transport.

Is that how you would describe sort of the major physics of your universe? I would say that's accurate, yes. Okay, awesome. Wanted to make sure I got that right. So what gave you the idea to build your universe, your story around that? I mean, did you start from this sort of science and engineering concept of having wormholes that are difficult to actually build? Or did you have a story you wanted to tell and you needed something with that sort of story

structure in it? So it started with the characters in that, you know, I wrote this crew first and liked them a lot and was like, okay, well, where do they live and what do they do? And propulsion became the first obvious question, you know, because that shapes so much of what kind of science fiction story you're telling. Are you living in a Star Wars future in which, or past, I guess because it's a galaxy a long time ago? But, you know, are you living in a Star Wars? style universe where you can get anywhere instantly, or are you talking sort of a generation ship style thing where it's going to take you decades or centuries to get between systems? These are very different kinds of stories. And so I wanted to be somewhere in the

middle, but closer to faster travel, and that I didn't want it to take years to leave a system. I wanted you to be able to these people to be able to hop between planets from chapter to chapter and wormholes just seemed like the obvious fit wormholes have been something are something that have captured my imagination for a really long time um so my my biggest story or like the entry points into into science fiction um you know were um carl sagan's contact um the movie came out when i was 12 years old and i was wrapped um and and and you know then read the books and and whatnot and then you know Round about the same time, Deep Space 9 was on TV, and I watched that every week. So wormholes were just sort of this, I don't know, they had a moment there in my tweens and stuck with me.

So, yeah, it just felt like the obvious choice for me personally and also something that I thought would be fun to play with. Let's take a quick break. We'll be right back. December 29th, 1975, LaGuardia Airport. The holiday rush, parents hauling luggage, kids gripping their new Christmas toys. Then, at 6.33 p.m., everything changed. There's been a bombing at the TWA terminal. Apparently, the explosion actually impelled metal, glass.

The injured were being loaded into ambulances, just, It's a chaotic, chaotic scene. In its wake, a new kind of enemy emerged, and it was here to stay. Terrorism. Law and Order Criminal Justice System is back. In season two, we're turning our focus to a threat that hides in plain sight. That's harder to predict and even harder to stop. Listen to the new season of Law and Order Criminal Justice System on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

My boyfriend's professor is way too friendly And now I'm seriously suspicious Oh wait a minute Sam Maybe her boyfriend's just looking for extra credit Well Dakota, it's back to school week on the okay story time podcast So we'll find out soon This person writes My boyfriend has been hanging out with his young professor a lot

He doesn't think it's a problem But I don't trust her Now he's insisting we get to know each other But I just want her gone Now hold up isn't that against school policy That sounds totally inappropriate Well, according to this person, this is her boyfriend's former professor and they're the same age. And it's even more likely that they're cheating.

He insists there's nothing between them. I mean, do you believe him? Well, he's certainly trying to get this person to believe him because he now wants them both to meet. So, do we find out if this person's boyfriend really cheated with his professor or not? To hear the explosive finale, listen to the OK Storytime podcast on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast. Hola, it's Honey German, and my podcast, Grasasas Come Again, is back. This season we're going even deeper into the world of music and entertainment with raw and honest conversations with some of your favorite Latin artists and celebrities.

You didn't have to audition? No, I didn't audition. I haven't audition in like over 25 years. Oh, wow. That's a real G-talk right there. Oh, yeah. We've got some of the biggest actors, musicians, content creators, and culture shifters sharing their real stories of failure and success.

You were destined to be a start. We talk all about. what's viral and trending with a little bit of chisement, a lot of laughs, and those amazing vivras you've come to expect. And of course, we'll explore deeper topics dealing with identity, struggles, and all the issues affecting our Latin community. You feel like you get a little whitewash because you have to do the code switching? I won't say whitewash because at the end the day, you know, I'm me. But the whole pretending and code, you know, it takes a toll on you. Listen to the new season of Grasasas has come again as part of My Cultura Podcast Network

on the IHart Radio app, Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcast. So tell me what's fascinating to you about wormholes. What is it about wormholes that really sticks in your brain? The whole concept of it's this sphere, right? It's so easy for us to think of it like a door that you just kind of open and you walk through space on the other side. But no, it's an object. And no matter where you enter from, you're coming out. somewhere else. And that is the most mind-bending, uncomfortable idea to me. Because it doesn't make

it, you know, to us three-dimensional beings, it makes no sense whatsoever. And there is a degree of magic in it to me. I think it's, you know, I try not to make things too fantastical, but the fact that, you know, wormholes are, you know, something that mathematically have been talked about as to whether or not they could exist gives the universe this wonderful esoteric quality to me. It just shows how much we don't know and how much we don't understand

and how we are very locked to our dimensional understanding of things. Yeah, my favorite thing about a lot of these topics in physics is that they're very counterintuitive, right? We don't experience any of these things in our everyday life, but then learning that our experience

is not representative of What's going on out there in the universe that could be totally weird and different? That's super fun, especially when you discover that these things could be real. Like, wormholes could actually be happening out there. So I want to ask you a little bit more about the mechanics of it, if you don't mind. What is going on in this sort of sublayer, this space between space? How do you build a wormhole in your universe? All right.

So I'm going to preface this by saying, I don't actually know how to build a wormhole, but I can tell you how. Nobody does. Nobody does. How I've BS my way around it. Sure. So the idea is that you first punch a hole, right? And that there's this space between space and you build a tunnel through it by using these. And you're building through space and time.

This is important. This is why you have to be licensed to build a wormhole because you want to make sure you're coming out at the right time. Otherwise, it causes a lot of problems. So you are creating a tunnel through this space. space between space and you drop these buoys that basically hold it open, right, so that it doesn't, because it naturally would just collapse back in on itself. So you're creating this corridor from point A to point B. And then around the entry and exit points, you have this cage that keeps space, it keeps the whole open, but it also keeps it from ripping further so that, you know,

you're not causing damage, you're not getting, you know, having planets get sucked in or what have you. It's a stable, it's a stable highway, essentially. Now, as to the mechanics of how any of that works, I have no idea. But in your mind is our three-dimensional space sort of embedded in a higher dimension and you're making a tunnel through that higher dimensional space? Or are you like connecting 3D space in a new way that's just sort of changing the way the space is organized. Right. So I imagine that there is,

we're talking about a higher dimension, as you said, like that there's a connective tissue there that we're not aware of. And that instead of like folding space necessarily, you are able to traverse through that, you know, the sublayer, as it's called, in order to take shortcuts. It doesn't behave, you know, distances don't mean the same thing there that they do here. So that's, that's, that's how I picture it, at least.

Well, I really enjoyed it. It was really unusual. Your universe sort of sits between the various kinds of science fiction universes I've seen before, one where you can just like sort of get anywhere instantly. And then another one where you can sort of, and then other ones where it like literally takes forever to get. And then other ones where it takes almost forever to get anywhere. Here, it's like, it's a struggle to get somewhere the first time because you actually have to build this wormhole.

And I sort of like that nod to the engineering, you know, like, hey, maybe physicists can come up with the idea for the wormhole, but actually building one is real work. Like, it's the project of this whole novel. And it's not just like, boom, you got a wormhole. It's like, let's build one. I think Jorge would like that thanks to his engineering background. So then my next question for you is, do you imagine that this might actually. be possible in our universe? Do you think that it requires different physics, or do you think that these wormholes might actually work in our universe? I think it would require different

physics, probably, or at least it would require technology and an understanding of physics that we do not currently have. That's the caveat I, the internal caveat I always have with, with all of these books is that I just assume that, you know, centuries and centuries in the future, people have a much better understanding of how to work with this stuff and they're able to do things that now seem impossible. Given my understanding of the universe, you know, here in 2020, I don't think what I've written is possible. But if somebody 600 years from now wants to prove me wrong, that would be fantastic. But I am definitely taking a few flights of fancy with it. I think.

Well, I think that's a really important point about what's possible. Like, if physics hasn't said it's impossible, but we haven't figured out how to do it yet, you can just speculate about how it might just take a few hundred years to figure it out. But it sounds to me like you're specifically not doing anything that physics would say no to today. So in that sense, you're sort of placing it in our universe far in the future and hand-waving, you know, some of the technological solutions. Is that fair? Yeah, that's it exactly. And that too is done very intentionally in that I want to make the reader feel like this is a place they can inhabit really easily. And so that does require things like, you know, that the ships all have

artificial gravity so that you can actually like eat off of a plate on a table and, you know, have scenes where you're having tea with someone or creature comforts. Or, you know, a trip between planet's sakes several weeks or months, but it's not going to take your whole life. You know, these are little shortcuts that I take to make sure that the reader's having fun and can easily imagine themselves there. But I'm also trying to not break the laws of physics too much. Or if I do, I often will nod at it intentionally with somebody being like, I don't know how that would work and then be like, oh, you know, whatever it works.

Because ultimately what I want is for the reader to feel a connection. to our universe as it exists. You know, and that's why I shy away from too much, you know, straying too much into the space magic realm of things, because I want people to get interested in the real thing. And I want people to, to feel that connection to the larger universe. And so if I mess with the rules too much, I'm worried that I might shoot myself in the foot in that regard. Okay, very nice.

So then let's talk about the rules in your universe, because wormholes are such a big part of the universe, but then you also include faster than light travel, but then it's sort of outlawed because it creates too much trouble. Tell me more about why you wanted to do it that way, have both faster than light travel and wormholes in your universe. I think that faster than light travel would be an absolute logistical and bureaucratic nightmare. You know, how do you, because since I'm not breaking the laws of relativity, how do you deal with that? How do you deal with with people aging at different rates or you know showing up 70 years in the future and they've only aged two years or what how you know that to me is that's a very different kind of

science fiction story and it would break the universe as I've written it in which you can have people who aren't um you know in an in an interstellar sort of way you know like leaving their families behind and and seeing that their kids have already aged and died and et cetera like that's that's a not what I was intending to write. So I just, I wanted to give that little nod of like, yeah, it's a thing we can do, but we decided not to. It's too much of a mess. Oh, but that was such agony for me, though.

I was like, oh my gosh, what really tell me more about it? And then you just sort of like put it aside and it seemed like a tease. I also thought it was pretty fascinating as a solution to this storytelling issue. like fast and light travel would break your universe and so you decided to fix it with like a bureaucratic obstacle. I mean, if I were writing it, I'd be like, you know, handway, woo-woo some science obstacle. I think it's kind of hilarious and creative that you say, oh, no, no, that's possible. We just don't do it because it's, you know, against our cultural rules. That's kind of fascinating. I think ultimately, you know, I am so interested in astronomy and in the sciences and all of it, but the science is to me.

also, you know, definitely includes the social side. And, and that's something I obviously really like exploring in these stories. And the universe, as I imagine, it is kind of a bureaucracy. It's this, it's this, you know, every, you know, they, they have to get permits to build wormholes. And it's all reliant on these treaties and having the right sort of licenses. And you have to go to piloting school and tunneling school and all of that. So it's, it's, the books are just as much about how to live in this society, that as they are, here's all the cool technology we have and here's how we jump between planets. And you think in that universe, everyone would sort of follow the rules, like you wouldn't get FTL pirates or, you know, FTL smugglers or something? People

wouldn't be like trying to skirt the rules and get around them? I think you definitely do. It's something I've never written just because the types of stories I'm writing aren't quite the right venue for that. But I think people do try to get around. I mean, there are obviously, in some of the later books, we encounter cultures and worlds that are estranged from the Galactic Commons, which is the main setting that I'm describing, in which people are doing things that are very illegal or that would be culturally taboo. So specifically with FDL, though, I think that the resources you'd need to do it would require the right connections or you know enough enough money to do it i think it would be difficult for your average um you know just sort of scummy pirate

to get their hands on an ftl drive um you know it just sort of like be somebody you know like someone getting i don't know a nuclear weapon or something less up is going to be so tightly locked down and it requires um such high tech uh development that um it's going to be hard for the average person to get Cool. Well, that makes sense. Well, again, congrats on thinking through this amazing universe, building it out, and taking us on a fun tour in your book. That's really wonderful. So congrats on all of your success. It's very well deserved. And thanks for taking some time to talk to us. Before we go, do you have any upcoming projects you'd like to tell our listeners about? Sure. So I'm currently working on the next wayfarer's book. It is currently untitled, but it'll be out early next year. I also have a pair of Navarre's. Vela's coming out from Tor.com. Also next year, those will be solar punk, not space opera.

So that's a fun departure for me. So it's a busy year and I'll be stuck in my writing cave, but I'll have a lot of stuff coming out in 2021. Wonderful. Well, thanks again for coming on our show. Thanks so much for having me. All right. That was science fiction author Becky Chambers.

And she sounds really fun and pretty amazing. Sounds like you guys that have a really great conversation. Yeah, we had a lot of fun. She was very kind to spend her time talking. to me and she clearly thought this stuff through and did her best to like make a universe that made sense and he heard her say she really wanted to set it in our universe she was not trying to invent new laws of physics you're just sort of trying to fast forward hundreds or thousands of years to what people might do with our laws of physics and i totally respect that

sounds like she did her research you know it sounds like she's pretty knowledgeable about these higher dimensional ideas and and did she just do a lot of research that she always been sort of a physics fan. I think she was. Yes. She's been watching Star Trek and reading science fiction for a long time and that's led her to be curious about physics. And so kudos to her for doing her research. And also you can hear on the interview she acknowledges when she's at the edge of her knowledge and the things that she like needed a hand wave or like at some point nobody wants to see like equations in a science fiction book, right? I mean, okay, I do. I do. Where's the appendix? I want the hardest science fiction possible.

That's right. This should be a paper, and it should be published. It should just be equations. The whole novel should just be one long equation. Hey, you know, I always say math is the language of physics, so maybe someday somebody will write to prose and even poetry and songs in mathematics. Oh, well, there you go. We can always dream.

No, so she did a great job, and she totally acknowledged where she ran up to the limits of her knowledge and where she was inventing stuff. And I think she told a really fun story that I got sucked into, and I wanted to be in her universe. So I think she did a great job. And I recommend it to all the fans of science fiction out there. Awesome. And what do you think she's trying to say?

Like, what's the takeaway message from, you know, interacting with all these different types of species and kind of closing the distances in our universe? What does that do to humans and the human consciousness? I think she was just trying to imagine, you know, how humans would experience this other kind of universe, interacting with aliens and trying new things. It's sort of like a travel novel writ large, you know, like going to Japan and trying weird stuff.

And it sort of has that flavor of it. And I think she just tried to like paint that on the whole galaxy instead. And, you know, she could have made it like super alien. She could have made it like, oh, my God, we go to this planet and they're all just blobs of gas. We can't even talk to them. We don't know if they're angry or if they're just happy to see us or they're just farting all the time. That's how they talk. Who knows?

She could have made it super alien. All their jokes are fart jokes. And all our jokes are far jokes, too. That's the great commonality in the universe. But that's the thing is she wanted to find the commonality. She wanted there to be aliens we could relate to. And that was her constraint. Because it's not that much fun to read a book where you find aliens and then you can't

communicate with them at all. There's no satisfaction there. Well, it sounds pretty cool. So again, if anyone wants to check it out, it's called The Long Way to a Small Angry Planet, part of the Wayfarer series, Hugo Award-winning Wayfarers series by Becky Chambers. So thanks to everybody who's been sending in your science fiction recommendations. Please keep it up. I'm reading those books. And if one of them strikes my fancy and we can get the author on the podcast,

we will do more of these episodes. And thanks again to Becky Chambers for being on the podcast. We hope you enjoyed that. See you next time. If you still have a question after listening to all these explanations, please drop us a line we'd love to hear from you. You can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge, that's one word, or email us at Feedback at danielandhorpe.com. Thanks for listening, and remember that Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe

is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. December 29th, 975, LaGuardia Airport. The holiday rush, parents hauling luggage, kids gripping their new Christmas toys. Then everything changed.

There's been a bombing at the TWA terminal. Just a chaotic, chaotic scene. In its wake, a new kind of enemy emerged, terrorism. Listen to the new season of Law and Order criminal justice system on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. My boyfriend's professor is way too friendly, and now I'm seriously suspicious. Wait a minute, Sam. Maybe her boyfriend's just looking for extra credit. Well, Dakota, luckily, it's back to school week on the OK Storytime podcast, so we'll find out soon.

This person writes, my boyfriend's been hanging out with his young professor. her a lot. He doesn't think it's a problem, but I don't trust her. Now he's insisting we get to know each other, but I just want her gone. Hold up. Isn't that against school policy? That seems inappropriate. Maybe find out how it ends by listening to the OK Storytime podcast and the Iheart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Dr. Scott Barry Kaufman, host of the psychology podcast. Here's a clip from an upcoming conversation about how to be a better you. When you think about emotion regulation, we're not going to choose. an adaptive strategy, which is more effortful to use, unless you think there's a good outcome.

Avoidance is easier. Ignoring is easier. Denials easier. Complex problem solving takes effort. Listen to the psychology podcast on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. This is an IHeart podcast.