Daniel and Kelly’s Extraordinary Universe - When will the Sun explode?

Episode Date: October 4, 2018

How long can we enjoy the sunshine before we need a new star? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This is an I-Heart podcast. December 29th, 1975, LaGuardia Airport. The holiday rush, parents hauling luggage, kids gripping their new Christmas toys. Then, everything changed. There's been a bombing at the TWA terminal. Just a chaotic, chaotic scene. In its wake, a new kind of enemy emerged, terrorism. Listen to the new season of Law and Order Criminal Justice System

On the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. My boyfriend's professor is way too friendly, and now I'm seriously suspicious. Wait a minute, Sam. Maybe her boyfriend's just looking for extra credit. Well, Dakota, luckily, it's back to school week on the OK Storytime podcast, so we'll find out soon. This person writes, my boyfriend's been hanging out with his young professor a lot. He doesn't think it's a problem, but I don't trust her. Now he's insisting we get to know each other, but I just want her gone. Hold up. Isn't that against school policy? That seems inappropriate.

Maybe find out how it ends by listening to the OK Storytime podcast on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hi, it's Honey German, and I'm back with season two of my podcast. Grazias, come again. We got you when it comes to the latest in music and entertainment with interviews with some of your favorite Latin artists and celebrities. You didn't have to audition? No, I didn't audition. I haven't auditioned in like over 25 years. Oh, wow.

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All the stars in the universe are, constantly exploding nuclear bombs. That's a little frightening. Well, go out there and warm your toes on the, you know, the thermonuclear fire of a huge bomb that's constantly exploding. That sounds cozy, isn't it? It's like a contain and continual explosion. Yeah, you want to see a nuclear bomb go off?

Go outside and look at the sun. I mean, not directly. Don't burn yourself. You just made this podcast not safe for children. I have to retract their previous advice. Yeah, we'll ask them to. I'm going to edit it up. Hello, I'm Jorge.

And I'm Daniel. And this is our show. Daniel and Jorge explain the universe. Explain the entire universe, especially all the stars inside of it. Now, I notice, Jorge, every time you introduce our show, you're about to say Jorge and Daniel explain the universe. And then you have to correct yourself, and you're like, no, actually, Daniel on your head. I'm still bitter about that, you know. My real job, you know, is as a particle physicist, and I have 5,000 collaborators.

And when we write a paper, we put everybody's name on the paper. And the policy is put everybody's name alphabetical by last name, regardless of who contributed more or less or whatever. Somebody decided they didn't want to have the argument, let's just make it alphabetical. And what that means is that there's some grad student who's first author on like, every paper. Wow. It's like him or her at all. And it sort of makes them famous and also sort of infamous because people grumble about it. No pressure. No pressure. That's right. In the glaring spotlight.

But, you know, today's episode actually relates to that to glaring spotlights because today we're talking about something very close to home. We're talking about how long the sun is going to live. How long do we have before it burns out or explodes or snuffs out? How many more projects can Daniel and Jorge or Jorge and Daniel do arguing about order until life on Earth is extinguished because the star is gone? Do you have time to clean out your garage or do that thing you've always wanted to do? Right, that's sequel to We Have No Idea, Our Book, Now Available from Penguin Random Pass. That's right. So if you're currently procrastinating doing something you should do, then you're actually going to learn something today about how much time you have left to procrastinate.

Right. Yeah. So, yeah, let's jump in. We, as usual, asked people on the street how long they thought that the sun would keep burning. And so the question is, how long do you think the sun will keep burning? Play along at home, think of your answer, and then listen to these random on the street interviews. How long do you think our sun is going to continue to burn for? How long? I think a few billion. in years? I don't know. Millions? No, not millions. Sorry. Probably a long time. I hope a long time. Doesn't this affect your plans? Come on. You should know this. All right. Well, I guess the first thing is that nobody seemed really concerned. That's right. Nobody's rushing home to finish up something before the sun snuffs out or explodes.

Nobody's like, what? The sun's going to stop burning at some point? Everyone seems to know about the idea that the sun won't shine forever. Oh, that's a good point. I never even considered that, that I would be the one informing people by asking the question that the sun was not going to last forever. Oh, my God. What? What are you saying?

No, everybody seems to know that already. But maybe nobody seemed concerned because everybody's answers were very far off in the future. Nobody said, I don't know, 10 years or 100 years. Everybody was like random big number. Everybody feels like it's just so far off in the future, it doesn't matter. Well, let's maybe. you take a step back? Like, how do stars even form, right? Like, I imagine out in space, there's stuff, like dust and little bits of rock. And at some point, the gravity pulls them

together. Like, there's some nearby each other until they clump together. And first it's a giant rock, and then it's an even bigger rock, and then it just gets more massive. And at some point, what happens? Yeah, but it's not mostly rock. Stars are mostly made out of gas, mostly out of hydrogen. So in the Big Bang, most of the stuff that was formed after the Big Bang was hydrogen. A little bit of helium and a few heavier elements. But mostly you just have huge clouds of

gas formed in the early universe. And then gravity takes over. Gravity slowly pulls those things together, as you said, and accumulates these gas clouds. And then those gas clouds get pulled together by gravity and they get squeezed together more and more until it gets denser and

denser. And eventually, it gets squeezed together by gravity enough that it starts to burn. And by burn, I mean fuse. I mean, you have like nuclear bombs going off because of the pressure inside these big clumps of hydrogen. Right. But what do you mean they get denser and denser?

Like just more and more hydrogen atoms just kind of bunch up because they're all attracted to each other by gravity. Yeah, it's kind of like a runaway process. I mean, if you had a perfectly smooth universe filled with hydrogen atoms, then no one would want to go anywhere because you'd be tugged in every direction at the same strength. Everybody would be attracted to everybody else equally.

Yeah, that sounds like a good part. right. They're a universe party. We're all attracted to each other. Creation is just a big swinger party. That's right. Hey, you know, the analogy works because we're going to talk about fusion and fusion later. And things are going to get hot.

You don't want your relationship to go supernova. Later on, in relationship advice from an astrophysicist. Yep, yeah. Today we're just knocking out that advice. Children go out and look at the sun. People have explosive relationships. This is our last.

last episode, by the way, guys. Right. But there were little areas in the universe early on. They were a little denser than others, and that's just because of quantum fluctuations. And then those areas were heavier, because there's a little bit more stuff. You're heavier. You have more gravitational pull than anywhere else.

So then you start to attract more stuff. And the heavier you get, the denser a region becomes, the more gravity it has, the stronger its ability to pull more stuff in, and then it gets heavier and heavier, and it's a runaway process where pretty soon it's accumulating stuff faster and faster. So you can imagine like at some point a giant ball of really compressed gas, right?

Like maybe at the edges it's not as compressed, but in the middle, it's just everything's trying to push it together, right? But it doesn't immediately fuse because hydrogen atoms are also repelling each other at the same time, right? Like they're attracted by gravity, but they're repelling each other by other forces. That's right. Fusion is not easy to pull off. I mean, we're trying to do it in experiments all the time here on Earth. It's like trying to squeeze two magnets together they are on the same polarity, right? Yeah, or trying to make two kids share one ice cream or something. It's just not easy to do.

Not a good idea. So they're being attracted by gravity, repelling by electromagnetic forces, but at some point, if you get them close enough, then another force kicks in, right? And that's what kind of fuses them together. Is that true? Yeah, and that's when you access the strong nuclear force, and that fuses them together. And the strong nuclear force, very strong, therefore, it's name.

And when you do that, you release a huge. huge amount of energy. And so that's what all of the energy is coming from, is just these hydrogen atoms fusing together. That's right. Almost all the light from all the stars in the universe is from hydrogen fusing together and creating all that energy and shooting it out into space. But is it like a kind of like a chain reaction? Like, you know, like a nuclear bomb, like one explosion causes the next explosion. Is that what's happening inside a star or is it just just the pressure just kind of makes like popcorn, just makes all these kernels pop, pop, pop. So on Earth, it's a chain reaction.

You're thinking of like fission. Fission is the opposite process. And you break a nucleus up and it sprays out and stuff. Here you just have a huge blob of hydrogen in the core, and it's being squeezed by the outside and everything around it, and it gets really hot. And, you know, that's true of every object, like even the Earth. What's at the center of the Earth?

It's not cold at the center of the Earth. It's hot, and it's hot for lots of reasons. But one major reason is that it's being squeezed by gravity. All that rock in the center of the Earth is being squeezed. by all the rock on the outside and it gets turned into lava, right? Why is lava hot? Because it's been squeezed by gravity. Gravity is pretty powerful

if you give it enough time and stuff. So our cloud of hydrogen, it just kind of suddenly ignites or does it kind of like burns, begins to burn slowly? Like, is the star go like, fush? Or is it kind of a long process? No, I think it ignites pretty quickly once it gets going.

And what happens depends on how big it is. So if you have a huge blob of gas, right? And it forms an enormous ball of hydrogen. Then it can burn really brightly and not for very long. If it's smaller, then it doesn't get to be big enough to burn, like the Earth or Jupiter or something. Jupiter is like a star that never got started because it wasn't big enough for the core to start burning. Oh, you need more stuff to basically weigh down and squeeze the middle. That's right. Yeah, the core of Jupiter is not being squeezed enough. I mean, it's massive

gravitational pressure, you would not like it. Do not recommend it as a destination for your vacation. Right. That one we do warn you against. Yeah, that's right. There are some common sense warnings on this show. They're not good at Jupiter. But it's not hot enough to start

nuclear fusion. Okay. So then things like squeeze and you get a sun. Suddenly you have this big ball of gas that's burning in the middle. That's right. It's burning through nuclear fusion. It's turning hydrogen into helium. Okay, cool. And I want to talk a little bit more about that.

But first, a quick break. December 29th, 1975, LaGuardia Airport. The holiday rush. Parents hauling luggage, kids gripping their new Christmas toys. Then, at 6.33 p.m., everything changed. There's been a bombing at the TWA terminal. Apparently, the explosion actually impelled metal glass. The injured were being loaded into ambulances, just a chaotic, chaotic scene.

In its wake, a new kind of enemy emerged, and it was here to stay. Terrorism. Law and order, criminal justice system is back. In season two, we're turning our focus to a threat that hides in plain sight. That's harder to predict and even harder to stop. Listen to the new season of Law and Order Criminal Justice System on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. My boyfriend's professor is way too friendly, and now I'm seriously suspicious. Wait a minute, Sam, maybe her boyfriend's just looking for extra credit.

Well, Dakota, it's back to school week on the OK Storytime podcast, so we'll find out soon. This person writes, my boyfriend has been hanging out with his young professor a lot. He doesn't think it's a problem, but I don't trust. Now he's insisting we get to know each other, but I just want her gone. Now, hold up. Isn't that against school policy? That sounds totally inappropriate.

Well, according to this person, this is her boyfriend's former professor and they're the same age. And it's even more likely that they're cheating. He insists there's nothing between them. I mean, do you believe him? Well, he's certainly trying to get this person to believe him because he now wants them both to meet.

So, do we find out if this person's boyfriend really cheated with his professor or not? To hear the explosive finale, listen to the OK Storytime podcast on the Iheart radio app, a couple podcast or wherever you get your podcast. A foot washed up a shoe with some bones in it. They had no idea who it was. Most everything was burned up pretty good from the fire that not a whole lot was salvageable.

These are the coldest of cold cases, but everything is about to change. Every case that is a cold case that has DNA right now in a backlog will be identified in our lifetime. A small lab in Texas is cracking the code on DNA, using new scientific, tools, they're finding clues in evidence so tiny you might just miss it. He never thought he was going to get caught. And I just looked at my computer screen. I was just like, ah, gotcha. On America's Crime Lab, we'll learn about victims and survivors. And you'll meet the team behind the scenes at Othrum, the Houston Lab that takes on the most hopeless cases to finally solve the unsolvable. Listen to America's Crime Lab on the IHeart Radio app, Apple

podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. That's how stars are born, not just in Hollywood. And then it just keeps burning for a long time, right, until all the hydrogen turns into helium. Yeah, that's exactly right. You have fuel, and you burn that fuel, and when you're done burning that fuel, you're done. But the interesting thing is that the output of fusion is helium, right? and so what happens is that you accumulate helium at the core of these stars and then if it keeps going if it gets big enough

then it can start to fuse helium oh and then that it's like it goes into secondary fuel burning mode yeah exactly it's burning helium because you can fuse helium into the element with number four which I embarrassing can't even remember is that lithium okay so we're talking about the what happens to a star and at some point it makes it turns all the hydrogen into helium and eventually into iron. And that's kind of when a supernova happens, right?

Yeah, well, it doesn't necessarily have to be a supernova. It depends on the mass of the star. And so let's talk just to be specific about a star like ours, the sun. Okay. And any object that's like about up to eight times the mass of the sun is going to have an experience like our sun. And so what happens is it starts to burn hydrogen, like we said. And then the core gets burned up and you get helium.

And then you start to burn hydrogen on the shell. And then the star starts to grow. It gets bigger, like physically larger in space. I mean, the reason is that you're now burning the hydrogen on the outside and that the burning there is pushing stuff out. It's like the radiation pressure is making it grow. So the sun will keep burning, and then it'll expand, and it'll cool. So it'll start to get larger, and it'll turn to a red giant.

So giant, meaning it gets bigger and red because it changes color. Because the color is related to the temperature, right? like the cooler it is the red like it's kind of counterintuitive the colder it is the star is the redder it is but then the hotter it is the bluer it looks right yeah and that's related to the the wavelength of that light yeah yeah like if you could fast forward on life on earth you would see the sun is this yellow dot but eventually you'll see it grow and grow and grow and grow and grow and eventually we'll take over our entire sky and at some point it'll just snuff us out that's right eventually we will be in the sun Wow. Earth will just get like eaten up by the sun. Yeah, exactly. But that's, again, billions of years in the future. It's like three billion years in the future.

Three billion years? Yeah, and so before, but before we even get snuffed up, you know, it'll get pretty hot and we wouldn't want to be around anyway. Oh, I see. So first the oceans boil and then we get snuffed up, yeah. Wow. And then that's like the last phase before the sun dies. And then it's mostly used up its fuel. And, you know, it's like a fire.

Are you used up the fuel, and then the fire goes out? So everything turned to iron? Maybe. It's not every star that can make iron, right? It depends on the size of it. Mostly iron is made in much bigger stars. So our star is not big enough to make iron, so we'll probably make helium and a little bit of lithium and a few other things.

Oh, I see. So some stars are bigger, so they have more pressure, so they can cook iron, but ours cannot. Exactly. Ours is not by far one of the biggest stars in the universe. It's relatively modest, yeah. Okay. And then when it burns off all the hydrogen sort of on the outside, then it'll go out.

And what we'll be left with is something they call a white dwarf, which is basically just being a big, meaning a big, cool blob, something that's not burning anymore. Of what? It's just sort of the leftover stuff. You know, you have enough elements there to sit there. It's hot, and so it's sort of glowing, but it's not actually burning anymore. And you'll have some helium and maybe some lithium and just be like a dense blob, but it won't be bright the same way. And it'll cool and eventually become a black dwarf, which means basically a big lump of rock. Like just a giant meteorite?

Yeah, though mostly made of like frozen helium. Frozen helium, for real? Yeah, because mostly what the sun is is burning hydrogen into helium. And again, some of that helium will get burned into heavier stuff. But most of it won't, I think. And so this is going to be like a giant ice ball the size of what? Oh, it'll be small. Yeah, it'll be smaller than the current sun.

Oh, I see. It's just the core. Yeah, just the core is left over because all the other stuff is blue. blown out when it turns into a red giant. But yeah, some significant fraction of the mass of the sun is going to end up left over as a white dwarf and then a black dwarf. Yeah, exactly. And, you know, that has a future.

It could be that that then gets clustered together later on and becomes part of a new star. You know, a lot of the stuff that's in our star and in the earth used to be inside of a star. And so, you know, everything that we're made out of is a remnant from a star that died. So if it wasn't for star, and these fusion furnaces making the heavier elements,

then there wouldn't be anything else to make stuff out of. It would all just be hydrogen and helium. And so it's gravity squeezing this stuff together over billions of years that makes the heavier elements and mostly in the bigger stars that you get up to iron. The bigger stars can do more exciting stuff. Like our sun is not going to go supernova. It's just not big enough.

But a bigger star could have enough mass that it collapses and it pushes it together and it can create a supernova. And then two weird things, either a black hole or a new star. neutron star, which I think is one of the weirdest things in the universe. So it's more of an implosion than an explosion, actually. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, it's pretty crazy stuff.

So you're saying that's when the heavier elements get made, right? Yeah, in some of these supernovas, because you have heavy stuff flying around and it collides, and it forms even heavier stuff, yeah. Right. And then, but the heaviest stuff, like we were saying earlier, gold and all that stuff, gets formed when two of those remnants collide. Like, say, you have one really massive star, lives its whole life, has a great time, blows up, turns into a neutron star, and another one does the same thing. And then the two neutron stars are orbiting each other. And eventually, because they're so massive, they pull each other together and they collapse and they collide into each other. And it's in that collision that you can form the really heaviest stuff.

So all the super heavy metals in the universe are made when neutron stars die. Wow. And that's why they're so rare is that you need these crazy events just to make goals. and titanium and all these elements, right? Yeah, that's right. But it's crazy that we have that stuff on Earth, yeah, right? I know, we have it here on Earth, and it's like the leftovers,

these incredible cosmic events that happened billions of years ago and then got sprayed out into the universe with enough time for then to have a whole new life. I love that everything in the universe is getting recycled, right? Our solar system didn't even start forming until, you know, 5 billion years ago, which was 9 billion years into the party, right? Yeah, let's talk about that.

But first, let's take a quick break. December 29th, 1975, LaGuardia Airport. The holiday rush, parents hauling luggage, kids gripping their new Christmas toys. Then, at 6.33 p.m., everything changed. There's been a bombing at the TWA terminal. Apparently, the explosion actually impelled metal glass. The injured were being loaded into ambulances, just a chaotic, chaotic scene. In its wake, a new kind of enemy emerged, and it was here to stay.

Terrorism. Law and order, criminal justice system is back. In season two, we're turning our focus to a threat that hides in plain sight. That's harder to predict and even harder to stop. Listen to the new season of Law and Order Criminal Justice System on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. My boyfriend's professor is way too friendly, and now I'm seriously suspicious. Oh, wait a minute, Sam, maybe her boyfriend's just looking for extra credit.

Well, Dakota, it's back to school week on the OK Storytime podcast, so we'll find out soon. This person writes, my boyfriend has been hanging out with his young professor a lot. He doesn't think it's a problem, but I don't. trust her now he's insisting we get to know each other but i just want her gone now hold up isn't that against school policy that sounds totally inappropriate well according to this person this is her boyfriend's former professor and they're the same age it's even more likely that they're cheating he insists there's nothing between them i mean do you believe him well he's certainly trying to get this person to believe him because he now wants them both to meet so do we find out if this person's boyfriend really

cheated with his professor or not to hear the explosive finale listen to the okay storytime podcast on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcast. A foot washed up a shoe with some bones in it. They had no idea who it was. Most everything was burned up pretty good from the fire that not a whole lot was salvageable. These are the coldest of cold cases, but everything is about to change. Every case that is a cold case that has DNA right now in a backlog will be identified in our lifetime. A small lab in Texas is cracking the code on DNA. Using new scientific tools, they're finding clues in evidence so tiny, you might just miss it.

He never thought he was going to get caught. And I just looked at my computer screen. I was just like, ah, gotcha. On America's Crime Lab, we'll learn about victims and survivors. And you'll meet the team behind the scenes at Othrum, the Houston Lab that takes on the most hopeless cases, to finally solve the unsolvable. Listen to America's Crime Lab on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcast. or wherever you get your podcasts.

Right now is when the sun is like looking over to that hot, sexy sun in the next solar system. Looking to buy a corvette, right? Yeah, it's wondering like, do I look like a big fat red giant? Tell me I still look small, like a nice little yellow dwarf. Tell me I'm still hot. Yeah, exactly. And one thing that I think is really interesting is that the smaller star is the longer it lives. the bigger star is the shorter it lives

and the first stars in the universe were massive, they were incredible and so they didn't live for very long. Like those first stars we talked about, none of those are around anymore. None of the stars that are in the universe now are first generation stars. They're all second, third, fourth generation,

that kind of stuff. All the stars were seen in the night sky in like the pictures of galaxies, they're all... None of those are among the first stars that were formed, about 100 million years after the Big Bang. Yeah, it's only recently people

Scientists even saw the light from those first stars. It's really hard to see. You have to use the infrared because the universe was so dense back then. But yeah, our star is made out of leftover bits from other stars earlier that burned and exploded. Wow. And recombined, right? And eventually you're saying our big ice ball of a sun is going to recombine with something else maybe and form. But you can't do this forever.

You know, like there's a limited amount of hydrogen. and you need hydrogen to have these reactions. Eventually, things get denser and denser, and you run out of fuel. So, like, think about the Milky Way galaxy. It's got enormous blobs of hydrogen gas still. It's still making stars. But eventually, it's going to run out,

and then it's going to stop making stars. And those stars are going to burn for a while, but they're not going to burn forever. So eventually, everything's going to be, like, iron and heavier metals. Yeah. Yeah, and then things will get dark. things are going to get rocky things are going to get rocky

but some of these stars some of these stars are going to burn a long time like there are stars that have lifetimes of trillions of years but that's not us so in five billion years we got to figure something out yeah we have to figure out

how to find get to another star and we got less than three-ish billion years to figure that out oh man so we have to jump to another star that is burning and or

just learn to live in dark, kind of, right? Well, you know, fusion is not impossible. You know, we can copy the energy source of the stars. If we don't necessarily need a star, right? We could power ourselves through our own controlled fusion if we could figure that out. But do we have enough hydrogen or water to last us that long? Yeah.

I mean, the sun is massively inefficient, right? Like most of the energy the sun gets thrown off into space and not even use. So we wouldn't need anything nearly as big as the sun. to power human civilization. So we could just go out there, grab some of that hydrogen floating around, or go to Jupiter maybe, grab all that hydrogen and create our little mini sun here.

Yeah, yeah, absolutely. Or, you know, if you're living out in space, you don't have to worry about pollution. So you can just do fission, which is much easier. And there's plenty of that stuff floating around. And, you know, you get radioactive waste, you just jettison it. You're already in space.

So who cares, right? Interesting. People used to think the ocean was too big and you could just pollute it forever without consequences. We know that's not true. But it is true of the universe. You say that now. We're never going to fill the universe with garbage.

You think in a billion years people are going to say, I can't believe they filled space with junk, man. They're all irresponsible. You're going to be like, don't throw plastic bags on into space because the space dolphins are going to... It kills all those cute space animals. Space dolphins. Space dolphins joking on your cosmic waste.

Why is that funny, worry? I don't think that's funny at all. I think you're a jerk for laughing. Yeah, sorry. Oops. Cool. Well, that's kind of interesting, the idea that maybe we'll never leave our solar system. Maybe we'll just figure out how to make our own little mini suns to keep us warm. Yeah, absolutely. I think we could do that.

Right. Until then, I guess, wear a sunscreen. That's right. And don't worry too much about the sun burning out. We have bigger problems to figure out than whether the sun is going to explode. You've got lots of time to work on that problem. Do you have a question you wish we would come? cover? Send it to us. We'd love to hear from you. You can find us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge, one word, or email us to Feedback at Danielandhorpe.com. The holiday rush, parents hauling luggage, kids gripping their new Christmas toys.

Then everything changed. There's been a bombing at the TWA terminal, just a chaotic, chaotic scene. In its wake, a new kind of enemy emerged, terrorism. Listen to the new season of Law and Order Criminal Justice System on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. My boyfriend's professor is way too friendly, and now I'm seriously suspicious. Wait a minute, Sam. Maybe her boyfriend's just looking for extra credit. Well, Dakota, luckily, it's back to school week on the OK Storytime podcast, so we'll find out soon. This person writes, my boyfriend's been hanging out with his young professor a lot.

He doesn't think it's a problem, but I don't trust her. Now he's insisting we get to know each other, but I just want her gone. Hold up. Isn't that against school policy? That seems inappropriate. Maybe. Find out how it ends by listening to the OK Storytime. podcast and the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Every case that is a cold case that has DNA. Right now in a backlog will be identified in our lifetime. On the new podcast, America's Crime Lab, every case has a story to tell.

And the DNA holds the truth. He never thought he was going to get caught. And I just looked at my computer screen. I was just like, ah, got you. This technology is already solving so many cases. Listen to America's Crime Lab on the IHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. This is an IHeart podcast.