Danny Jones Podcast - #119 - Why Humans Need to Leave Earth Soon | Randall Carlson

Episode Date: December 10, 2021

Randall Carlson is a master builder, architectural designer, teacher, geometrician, geomythologist, geological explorer and renegade scholar. He has 4 decades of study, research and exploration Into the interface between ancient mysteries and modern science, Randall investigates and documents the catastrophic history of the world and the evidence for advanced knowledge in earlier cultures. https://randallcarlson.com  help us make more money: https://bit.ly/koncretepatreon  sponsors  https://liquiddeath.com -  Use code KONCRETE at checkout to get a free koozie 2-pack with a 12-pack purchase.   danny  https://www.instagram.com/jonesdanny  https://twitter.com/jonesdanny Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Hello world. Randall Carlson is a master builder, architectural designer, teacher, geometrician, geomorphologist, geological explorer, and renegade scholar. He has over four decades of study, research, and exploration into the interface between ancient mysteries and modern science. Randall investigates and documents the catastrophic history of the world and the evidence for advanced knowledge in earlier cultures. On this episode, we get into the younger dreams. We get into the younger driest period, climate change, asteroid impacts, the city of Atlantis, UFOs, and all sorts of terrifying shit. Prepare yourselves, folks. This episode will make you question everything.

Please welcome the great Randall Carlson. Mr. Carlson, thank you so much for blessing us with your presence today. Thanks for having me, Danny. It's a pleasure. A great little vacation, working vacation. Yeah, yeah. far. Yeah, we're having fun. It was an eight-hour drive. Not too bad. Not bad. 500 miles. Could be worse. Better than an eight-hour flight. Yes. Yes. Because that could stop and get out whenever I wanted

and get refreshment and I didn't have to wear a mask the whole time. Yeah. Yeah. So. It's not quite like Atlanta, Georgia down here in Florida. No. No. Florida, Florida we're doing, actually, we're winning as far as the COVID cases. I know. That's great. Believe it or not. I'm always, come on, Florida, man. Yeah. We're not too far behind you. Nope, nope, you guys aren't too far behind. No, we're all doing a lot better than California.

Oh, my God, yes. And, you know, where I live is really pretty intense blue zone. Everybody wears their dutifully wears their masks. But as soon as you get out into the outer areas, the rural areas, everybody's been going on just like normal pretty much. Right. I spent a lot of time up in Dade County, which is the Northwest. corner and exploring up there.

And I hardly have ever seen anybody wearing masks up there for the whole, this entire thing. And last time I was up there, which was in October, I didn't see any corpses piled up on the streets anywhere. It's so strange. Like I was telling you, I was just in Asheville, North Carolina. And it's the first time I've seen I've been to a public place where everybody was wearing masks. It was strange to see.

It was kind of shocking. Yeah. Well, that's in Decade where I live is pretty much the same way. Right. And if you go around without your mask on, people look at you like you're the devil incarnate. Well, you actually just had COVID, right? Yeah, we were out in Washington State doing a tour of the great floodlands up there. And we may talk about that a little bit here in our interview tonight. It's possible.

Yeah. And yeah, we had a, there was 30 attendees. and six or seven or eight facilitators, so about, say, 36 to 38 people altogether. And on day two, one of the attendees started feeling symptoms, and he went into town, got tested, came back and said, I tested positive, so he and his wife left. And the rest of us went on with our tour for the next, it was a five-day tour, and at the end of five days, which is about the incubation period, several people started feeling some symptoms, and then we all parted company in our separate ways,

and then we're doing kind of a telegram chat amongst all of the tour attendees. So it turned out about, I think, somewhere around 22 people came down with it, but nobody was too seriously affected. But here's what's interesting, the fellow that brought it into the group. Patient Zero had been double-vaxed. This is Euphoria Calvin Klein. new elixir collection featuring three perfume intense scents inspired by a unique orchid accord paired with vanilla each with its own distinct attitude each with its own universe bold elixir sensual woody addictive

magnetic elixir sweet and romantic like a lingering touch solar elixir a radiant expression of joy ultra concentrated for amplified impact and lasting power find your euphoria discover the euphoria elixir collection by Calvin Klein. The other thing was is that over half the people that came down with it had also been double-vaxed. So my own personal experience, along with a number of others, experiences and experiences of people that I know firsthand, suggests that maybe those vaccines aren't working like they were touted to be. Yeah.

It's, there's tons of stories like that. Oh, yeah. People, you know, it's known that if you're back, vaccinated, you can spread it almost just as easily as if you're not vaccinated. Yeah. But they say, you know, there's been claims that, you know, I don't know. I don't have any personal experience with it. I don't think I've had COVID.

But, you know, they say that it's supposed to relieve some of the symptoms when you are vaccinated. But obviously, you can speak to that better than I could because you have first-hand experience. Well, I don't have first-hand experience with being vaccinated. Well, with getting COVID. But, yeah. So, you know, my temperature topped out for two days at 100 degrees, which isn't, you know, I was uncomfortable. I was achy for four days, five days, didn't sleep well. But then I got the eye medicine that you're not supposed to.

The horse dewormer. The horse dewormer. And you know what? As soon as I started taking that, I turned the corner. My wife, my son had it. There was no big deal with them. My brother started coming down with it about four or five days after I got home from the tour. By that time, I'd say I didn't get the horse dewormer until like four days after I got back home.

So I'd had four, maybe five days of incubation. So my brother started feeling the symptoms, but we already had the stuff, and he started doing the suggested dose. And literally the next day, the next day, he was feeling pretty normal. and by two days later he felt perfectly fine, and it completely sidelined the whole phenomenon of having the COVID. How much? What was the dose of Ivermectin that you took? 12 milligrams.

12 milligrams, okay. Yeah. So. Did you do anything else, like monoclonal antibodies or anything? No, didn't do that, but, you know, did the megavitamins. I did the quercetin and vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, all of the stuff that also mitigates the severity of the symptoms. You know? So when somebody says to me, well, the vaccines presumably mitigate the symptoms, maybe they do, maybe they don't.

I don't know. We've been told a lot of things. Right. But, you know, there are studies that show that the quercetin, the zinc, you know, mega doses of C and D, things like that also do that. Right. So. But, yeah, you know, since I got over it, feeling great. Feeling really good.

Awesome. And I, you know, typically every year. Right around Thanksgiving, I get something. It puts me down for three, four, five days. Just not like a mild flu or something, you know, I feel achy. I get headachey, you know, typical stuff, maybe some tender glands. And I started getting that a couple of weeks ago. And I thought, oh gosh, I'm getting this again, my yearly bout with stuff.

And then it just didn't happen. For two days, I felt like I was getting it three days, and then I didn't. And I'm wondering if I can attribute that to my immune system being overactive now. Right. You know, in response to the COVID. Right. You obviously have the antibodies now that you already had COVID, your intestated positive. Right.

So now that's, you know, where is the term for that? You know, when you get COVID, that's better than actually having the vaccine. as far as protecting your body. You now have the natural immunity. Natural immunity. And that's what I was looking for. That's typical when you have anything like that. Right.

You get a natural immune. Now the corona viruses overall, which are cold viruses, still there's no cure. You just have to get it and get through it. The scary thing about it is you can't have a fucking conversation about it on the internet. That's the problem right there. You can't have a conversation and it's like you've got stories. I mean,

I've known now five people. Four personally, one that my wife worked with, so I don't know him, but she knew him, worked with him for many years now that have had severe, severe reactions to the vaccines. Oh, really? Oh, yeah. We have a client. I was interviewing her in August about a potential project we might be doing next year.

And her and her, we'd done a previous project for her 14 years ago. I know that because she was pregnant at the time when we were expanding, giving them more room and creating a nursery and things like that. So now I'm back there. Her 14-year-old son then came out to say hello, you know. So she told me that, now this is August, and she had been vaxed in April. She said she still could not sleep on her right side because the pain in her arm. And her 14-year-old son who loved sports was having trouble, you know, with throwing balls and stuff. because something, you know, he was having trouble with his right arm.

So I figured April to August, her right arm is still hurting. So, you know, that was one. Another one, a good friend of my wife took the first dose and got so sick, she thought she was not even going to survive. And another one, the guy got sick with it. This is one that works with my wife, and he was away from work for a full month when he came back, you know, she talked to him, and he'd been in the hospital for a week with the COVID,

but he had been double-vaxed. So, there you go. Yeah, it's such a polarizing topic to talk about. It is. There's so much nuance to it. You know what I mean? Like, depending on who you are, how old you are, what your, you know, pre-existing medical conditions are,

how different things affect you. Like, I don't personally know anybody who's had a bad reaction to it, but I've talked to a lot of people who do know people who have had bad reactions to it. I also know a lot of people who have had, including my wife, who's in her early 20s, who's had a really bad reaction to COVID when she got it. She wasn't vaccinated. So it's just, you know, the problem is, you know, trying to suppress certain sides of the narrative. Right.

It gets crazy, especially when you're on a website like we're on YouTube. And if you talk about this, YouTube will do everything they can to de-incentivize you to talk about anything that goes against vaccines. Right. Right. It's almost like humanity needs something to distract us, something like a big asteroid. Big asteroid. Which brings us to another topic that I've been wanting to talk to you about. So for people who, if there are anybody, if there is anyone out there who doesn't know who Randall Carlson is,

why don't you give those people a brief introduction to your background and your studies? Oh. Well, geez. you know, as far as relevant to what we're going to be talking about here, I've been very interested in science since I was literally since I was a kid. And I majored in geology in college. I didn't graduate with a degree because at the time, if you had a geology degree, you could get a job in industry, typically in the,

you know, in the energy sector, in the mineral sector, or you could get a job with the government, and I wasn't really interested in that. I was interested in learning about the Earth, everything I could learn about the Earth and how it functioned and what its history was as a planet. And so I, you know, took a few years. I also studied a lot of astronomy.

I studied mathematics in order to be able to handle some of the equations and things. studied history. Did not, I was a drop-up, so, okay. But I've run my own business for going on 40 years now as a contractor, which gives me the flexibility. So I do all kinds of things, but primarily our business that I work,

I'm partners with my younger brother, we're third generation, basically house builders. So I came up, by the time we were, you know, 18 years old, I pretty much knew the ins and outs of building a house. but, you know, I've been doing, I got a, you know, secondary income now coming from the podcast that I do, online sales, and doing tours. We're doing a lot of tours to take people out. Basically what the objective of the tour is, the tours that we do is I'm trying to teach people to read the language of the earth. Because the premise that I'm working from is basically this, is that inscribed into the surface of the earth, into the cross.

crust of the earth is this epic story, this epic tale. And it's on such a large and grand scale that we don't really see it. It's invisible because it's too big. But, and would have been impossible a generation or two ago. But I employ, you know, what we do is leading up to a tour, we do a series of briefings. We'll do, we'll do Zoom meetings, three, four Zoom meetings. And I will basically instruct people and teaching them, you know, exactly what is a coolie and why is it different than a canyon? What is a drumlin? What are, you know, what is moring? What is glacial till? Teaching them a few things about paleohydrology and what happens when great volumes of water are moving across the landscape. How do they shape the landscape? What are the features that they

produce? What is a point bar? What is a cut bank? You know, what is a boulder bar? What is I teach them a little bit about stratigraphy and a little bit about sedimentology. Then when we're out in the field, they've already got some conceptual awareness. They've got some vocabulary. We can visit sites. And then I'll explain. And what we do is we'll travel around when we did that, the tour that we got the COVID on that we were just talking about. That was a week, a five-day tour up in the eastern, the floodlands of eastern Washington.

And we can look at some of that here tonight. And that was the setting for some of the greatest floods ever documented to have occurred in the history of this planet. And we're talking about water flows that would be measured in hundreds of millions of cubic feet per second, which is kind of really almost inconceivable. One of the standards I used to help people wrap their heads around what we're talking about is that we look at some of the largest historical floods, say, America. Mississippi River flooded 1923 and again 1993. And the 1993 flood of the Mississippi River is considered to be one of the most economically expensive disasters in American history, the total volume of, or total worth, value of the damage done by that flood. Typically, I think

the Mississippi River runs at about 150,000 cubic feet per second, something like that, maybe 200,000, but during these two floods, it topped out over a million cubic feet per second, right? Okay. Now, some of the floods and some of the things that we've been looking at in eastern Washington where I took people, I took them to places where the water flow going through there has been 7 to 800 million cubic feet per second.

How do you even understand or visualize? You can't. You can't wrap your mind around it. You can't wrap your mind around it. But we can talk about it all day. We can look at photographs. We can look at video. And now I'm collecting a lot of drone footage, which is a new perspective on this stuff.

When I started exploring these landscapes in the 90s, you know, there was no drones, you know. Mostly we were just using, you know, still images. And I would hire pilots to take me up. You know, so I got a lot of aerial footage that I took back in the 90s. early 2000s and things of some of these because you can't from the ground you just you can't get the perspective so now what i do is you know we have we use of course there's all you know there's you know NASA photography there's aerial photography now there's LIDAR which has opened up a whole new vista of understanding the landscape under our feet and you know there's now always somebody who comes

on the tour somebody who's you know an experienced drone pilot and so we get, we're getting, accumulating a whole lot of drone footage. And this is starting to go up on my website now that it's devoted to this. But see, once you begin to understand these floods, now the eastern, northwestern floods of Washington are some of the most spectacular. And they're spectacular because their, their journey from their source to their ultimate, where they're ultimately heading, which is the Pacific Ocean, is a rough. relatively short span. The gradient is steeper. Now, you had gigantic floods coming down to Mississippi River,

and these floods that I'm talking about are all coming from melting glacier ice. Because if we go back 13,000 years ago to, say, 25,000 years ago, more than half of the North American continent was buried under a mantle of ice bigger than the one that is now covering the South Pole. Right? Now, how do you, Again, how do you get that? Well, we don't have an explanation. There is no explanation how you can get from the present-day North American environment to an environment that's closest modern analog is the South Pole of the world, of the planet. Right.

But it was. And we can look at some slides here in a minute that kind of conveys graphically what the Earth would have looked like, say, 15 to 20,000 years ago. One of the most fascinating things to me is how through studies that you've done as well as people like Graham Hancock is that these ancient biblical myths and stories are now scientific studies. They're becoming real science. We've got a new branch of geology called geomithology, which basically looks at archaic accounts, traditional accounts that have come down to us by whatever. whatever venue, you know, biblical like you just mentioned is, of course, a very rich source, but all kinds of myths have. There's hundreds, right?

Oh, yeah, hundreds. If we're talking about floods, we've got at least several hundred that have accounts. Sir James Frazier was one of the first, I think, in his work, early 20th century, where he just collected a lot of the flood myths from around the world. And it's amazing the parallels. usually, you know, there have been ways that academics have been able to sidestep the implications of that. By concocting a lot of very weird, usually it comes down to, oh, well, it was a local or regional flood that was bad, but it was nothing, you know, on a scale that would have been planetary.

and then through the telling and retelling through generations that just got blown out of proportion and exaggerated and that would be the primary explanation. The people, though, that are concocting those kinds of explanations don't know anything about geology. They don't know anything about glaciology or paleo-hydrology or the kinds of subjects that would allow you to go into the field and actually observe firsthand these landscapes that are by-product.

That's the thing about this, right? Is that there's so many different, there's so many different studies like geology and glaciology and so many things. It's almost impossible for one person to have a comprehensive understanding of all those subjects. Yes, that's true. It's very rare. You are a unicorn. Well, it's definitely, you know, an interdisciplinary study.

And I, you know, I basically call it catastrophism, catastrophist studies. And to really, to be, you know, very knowledgeable in catastrophist studies, you have to know geology. You have to know some astronomy. You have to know some paleontology. You have to know some sedimentology, some stratigraphy, all of that. You have to know about impact geology. There's a lot of things. And so, you know, people have different things that they're obsessed with and like, you know, that's my thing.

I use all my spare time to study. Study, I research, study, and then I'll look at studies that come out, you know, whether they're brand new or even older studies. And then I use those as guidelines. And I designed field trips and things around that to go and end up. Like when I first started in visiting these floodlands of the Pacific Northwest, which is going to be mostly Washington but also Oregon, Idaho, and Montana, I was using early papers that were written in 1920s and 1930s by one of the pioneers of catastrophist flood geology,

which was Jay Harlan Brett's. So I had reprints of all of his papers, and I used those as kind of guidelines and followed in his footsteps as much as possible. And he was, of course, very much ostracized by the geological community back in the 20s and 30s, who were strictly grounded in very gradualist models. Uniformitarianism was what the dominant model of geological change was called. And it was the idea that, and it's a powerful idea. present is the key to the past. And you, basically, in order to try to understand what happened in the past, you look at processes that are happening today, that we can witness on a day-to-day

or a year-to-year basis, and then we extrapolate backwards. So the problem with that, though, is that it became entrenched dogma. And what that meant was that only processes that we're seeing today in terms of scales and rates of change and magnitudes and things, anything beyond that was considered to be pseudoscience or science fictiony, and so you couldn't talk about, you know, giant floods. But, you know, part of that goes back to the origins of geology when you had, you know, in the late 16, early 17, through the 1700s, the 18th century, you had this conflict between science and religion.

And, you know, the literalists, say the biblical literalists, had a lot of political power before the scientific enlightenment. And so, you know, what the bishops ruled and what Rome ruled about, you know, what was accessible, you know, then it was you had to break away with the Protestants, but they were pretty much the same way, very fundamentalist about taking the Bible literally, right? And so, you know, and in that model, the earth is only six or seven thousand years old. And that was one of the big conflicts in the early days of geology, is, become obvious to anybody who really started studying the strad of the earth, that it could not

possibly be only 7,000 years old. And, you know, Grand Canyon is the, you know, ideal exemplification of that idea, because you've got, you know, when you, you know, geologists now can look and you can say, okay, you've got sandstone. Sandstone is formed obviously from sand, but that sand can be either sand on the beach or sand in the desert. If it's sand on the beach, it's being shaped by waves and water, right? If it's in the desert, it's being shaped by wind. And we can go and we can look at sand in the desert today and sand on the beach today, and we can look at the forms that are being, that it's being shaped into by the forces at work on it,

and see they're very distinct and different. Well, then you can go and look at sandstone rocks, and you'll see the same types of formations and things and go, okay, well, that looks just like what we might see in a modern desert. took a cross section of a dune and looked at it and there it is. Okay, so now you got sandstone. Now you got limestone. Limestone is going to be formed in a, usually in a shallow marine environment. Okay, you might have a peat that forms shales. Okay, so shales come from like muddy material originally. You have mudstone that can become metamorphosed ultimately into shale,

and then if that's further metamorphosed, it becomes slate. Right, metamorphic means it's been subject to heat and pressure. Well, you can look at all these different kind of rocks, and you might have an agneous rock. You might have a granite, which is a type of igneous rock that forms below the surface. You might have basalt, which is an agneous rock that forms outside of the surface. Now, where I go up there in eastern Washington, it's called the Columbia Basalt Plateau. And around 17 million years ago, there was a major wound in the surface of the earth that's right now where Yellowstone, the Yellowstone hotspot is, the mantle plume that comes up under Yellowstone, caused tremendous outflowing of basaltic lavas that created this Columbia basalt plateau.

Now, there was 10 million years of these... This was 17 million years ago? Between 17 million and maybe 7 or 8 million years ago. Okay. It finally pretty much stopped. The early flows were the... the most voluminous, and then it's sort of declined in volume over the time. But you'll get a layer of basalt, and then if there's a stretch of time of a few thousand to tens of

thousands of years, what happens is soil will form on there, vegetation will grow, you'll have trees and all of this, and then another layer of lava comes in and drowns that. Well, sandwiched in between those layers of basalt, you can find the evidence that there was this hiatus. You know, you can find the remnants of seeds and branches and vegetation and stuff actually sandwiched between. So that will tell you that, okay, so there was a hiatus, and then say a forest was there, it was drowned by lava, and then that lava cooled, new soil formed, another forest grew, et cetera. And then you can go below it and you find ancient granites, right? Now, you can go, and when you begin looking at this

stratigraphy, you can see, okay, if you've got, let's say you've got a beach, right, and now the ocean rises, that's called a transgression. The ocean rises, and now that drowns the beach, and now you've got an ocean, say, a marine environment over it. So now you get all of the creatures and things

that live in that marine environment, the little creatures that form their shells out of calcium carbonate, They die and they drift to the bottom, and eventually they form thick layers of what is now limestone rock. And you can tell it's got fossils in it. You can tell it was the calcium carbonate, because if you put acid on it, it'll bubble, right? So now if you have a beach, okay, the ocean rises, now you have layers of limestone, right? So now if the beach recedes as it's receding, maybe the swamps or the forest there will follow it.

and then eventually you'll get a layer of shale. And then you see that that succession repeats itself. Sandstone, limestone, shale. And then there might be more sandstones that you can tell that it was a beach. So it goes through this whole cycle, and then it does that over and over again, you see. And you go, okay, this could not possibly. You couldn't get a layer of limestone 200 feet thick over a layer of sandstone that's just as thick, right? in 7,000 years.

You can't do it. So this was the conflict there in the early days of geology. So coming back to Jay Harland-Brett's in his studies on the great floodlands of the Pacific Northwest, the attitude was, well, hey, you're trying to bring back, take us back to biblical fundamentalism with your flood theories.

We don't want to go there. So it took like 30 years before mainstream geology finally accepted that, yeah, Brett's gigantic floods were real. And they really did happen. And they were on the scale that he was describing. Now, obviously, you can look at this and you're going to see a phenomena that a hydraulic event that includes western Montana, northern Idaho, half of Washington State, and northern Oregon, right?

But that's not the whole planet. So, you know, it's one thing to say you've got a flood that's 300, 400, 500, 500 million, cubic feet per second, right, which is beyond anything. Well, here's another way to think about it. If you took every single river on earth, think about all the continents from North America, South America, we'd be talking about the Mississippi, the Columbia, the Missouri, you know, the Ohio, all of those up in Canada, you'd have the Yukon and the McKenzie and South America. You'd have the Orinaco and the Amazon.

In Europe, you could have, you know, the Poe and the Tims. and you go all of those rivers, you go to the Yellow River in China, and all of the rivers there, all the rivers, the Nile River, the Congo River, add all these rivers up, you're still only looking at about 1-20th, the volume of one of these flows that swept over eastern Washington. So how do you even explain something like that? How do you see, and this is where... Instantaneously, like out of nowhere?

Well, it's out of somewhere. There is an explanation. There's a naturalistic explanation how you do that. Now here's the other thing that you've got to understand is that while that is happening there, there are other gigantic floods happening in other places around the planet. Something really extraordinary happened around 12,800 to 13,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. Now I say ice age because the volume of ice on Earth was more than double what it is now. But half of that ice is gone.

And in terms of geological timescales, it was like that. So something melted all that ice in a very short period of time. You got it. What could it have been? And to me, it only comes down to two things. Possibly asteroid impacts or impacts, I'll say bolide impacts, because the term bolide can be anything that it can be a rock, it can be a piece of a comet.

It's something that comes out of the sky and, say, encounters, it hits the Earth, right? Or the sun. Or the sun. Or the sun. Or the sun. Or a combination of the two. I don't know what else there would be. I've looked at things on a galactic level.

I don't think that it would be on that level. I think the most likely explanation is that you had an impact. Right. However, there are new studies out that have been coming out in the last 20 years. Ever since we've started with, once we've deployed solar observing satellites, we've seen something very interesting, that there seems to be a connection between hyperactivity on the sun and the infall of what's called the Kreutz sun grazers,

which is a family of comets that nobody knew about until we deployed solar observing satellites, or at least I think maybe they were suspected, but we hadn't really observed them. Now we're seeing that constantly there's cometary masses falling into the sun, and they're generally small. However, as we may talk about here, when we get into the Younger Dryas in a moment, there's evidence now that somewhere between 20 and say 25,000, 26,000 years ago,

a really big comet came into the inner solar system, kind of got caught up in this ping pong game between the sun and Jupiter, right? And that comet began to undergo a hierarchical fragmentation, littering the inner solar system with the byproducts of its destruction and that the earth may have encountered that material on more than one occasion. A lot of it could have been swept into the sun, and what those Croyce sun grazers are telling us is that these hyper-velocity impacts into the sun may be triggering solar storms, coronal mass ejections and things.

So... A giant fireball got shot at the earth. Maybe something like that. And interestingly, so what it might mean then is that you almost have this perfect storm. If you have the injection into the inner solar system of a very large mass of cosmic debris, if you want to call it that, some of it's going to hit the Earth, some of it's going to hit the moon, some of it's going to probably hit Mars, most of it will end up probably being swept up by the sun, which is the biggest mass. typically when a comet, let's say, comes in and it's making this jovian circuit,

Jupiterian circuit. It's going out to the orbit of Jupiter, it comes back in and circles around the sun. When it comes in and makes that close passage to the sun, that's called the perihelian, next to the sun, right? Typically, because the sun is such a strong gravitational force, often what happens is cometary masses disintegrate when they're at their perihelion point or shortly thereafter. So we saw something very similar we were talking about it the other night over dinner, the Shoemaker Levy 9 event of 1994.

Right. Right. You had a single commentary mass that passed by Jupiter in March of 1993. It passed so close to Jupiter that Jupiter's ultra-strong gravity. force of its gravity field, literally ripped one cometary nucleus into 21, if you want to call them, subnuclei. And then those 21 objects then formed a, what was called the string of pearls, as they moved away from Jupiter, they began to spread out in a long line. They made a passage by the sun, and as they circled back out towards Jupiter, they arrived at Jupiter's orbit the same week that Jupiter

was at that same position. So you had 21 impacts over one week of July 1994, 21 impacts into Jupiter. And any one of those impacts, I think that from what I recall, those objects, individual objects were, some of them were a kilometer and more in diameter. Now, if we had something a kilometer in diameter or more,

strike the Earth, it would pretty much throw our whole civilization into a serious tailspin. it would have economic consequences that would take probably decades to work out. In the immediate area of the impact, nothing would remain. It would be completely annihilated. And then the secondary consequences of an impact like that would have major repercussions on the rest of the world in terms of climate and things. Wouldn't it be on the scale of like roughly dozens of hydrogen bombs?

Oh, yes. Oh, yes. In fact, we can actually look at some of that for comparison. There was an object, one of the main things that I really get into studying and talking about is that famous 1908 event over Siberia, the Tunguska. And that was an object probably a byproduct of this very same comet that we're talking about here that has produced what is now, known as the torrid meteor streams, which is a family of these meteor streams that is still out there. There are several known comets within that stream. There are several known asteroids.

Earth crosses that stream twice each year. It's called the Torrid stream, Torrid Meteor Stream. Earth crosses in late June, early July, and in late October, early November. And interestingly, that particular stream, it peaks. right around Halloween, so it's been called the Halloween meteors. Anyways, so the object that didn't actually strike the ground. Most people would think, you know, an object coming in is going to strike the ground. And that all depends on the density of the object, really.

If it's a, and think about the family of extraterrestrial creatures that might, the Earth might encounter. You have a density scale. It starts at about the density of water, which is one gram per cubic centimeter, and that would be primarily a cometary mass that's mostly ice, right? On the other end, you'd have an iron asteroid, and an iron asteroid would have roughly the density of a piece of cast iron. So imagine that you've got, in one hand, a chunk of cast iron, and in the other hand you've got a snowball.

That's the two endpoints of the continuum, and then you've got the whole range of things in between. So you've got stony asteroids that are about right in the middle, right? Now, if you think about it, even the layperson, it makes sense that, say, an object as hard as a piece of cast iron, is going to be able to penetrate through the atmosphere a lot more effectively and actually strike the ground than something that has the composition of a snowball or the density of a snowball. Now, the Tenguoska object was on the lower end of the spectrum, right? So it was not able to penetrate the full depth of the atmosphere,

and it exploded about five miles up. Now, what you have to picture is that that thing... Five miles. Five miles. So you have to picture is that thing's entering the atmosphere. What it's doing, it's moving so fast that the atmosphere doesn't have time really to move out of the way, and it compresses the atmosphere. And literally, the atmosphere becomes almost like a brick wall at some point.

Very much like, you know, the atmosphere is a fluid. Now, have you ever done a belly flop? Well, okay, right? Now, if you do a belly flop, you know that even though it's water, it can still provide a tremendous amount of forceful resistance, right? That's what the atmosphere does, right? So the object comes in early morning, June 30th, 1908. Now, interesting, remember I just said that the peak,

one of the, what is called the summertime torids, is late June, early July. So in terms of the window of when the earth is encountering debris from the Tard meteor stream, the Tunguska object was right in perfect timing, right? June 30th. It came in early in the morning. And it ends in around October or on Halloween, you said? No, no, that's, it's almost like this.

Imagine that you've got a racetrack. It's a elliptical racetrack. And all of this stuff is moving around the racetrack. and then here comes the earth, crosses one side, and then it's out, free of it, and then goes through again. Goes through again. Got it. Right.

So in the summer, Earth is crossing the stream when that material is coming from behind the sun. And see, one of the consequences of that is that you don't really see the meteors, the torrid meteors, in the summertime, because you're looking in the direction of the sun, right? If you want to see toward meters, you have to watch in the fall because that's when they're coming from the direction of space. Right. Generally, the direction of the- They're backlit by the sun or they're lit by the sun. They're front-lit by the sun. You got it.

Right. You got it. And so you're not looking at the sun. You're looking away from the sun. Right. Got it. So that's the Halloween meteors, if you want to call them that. Okay.

That makes sense. Yeah. Yeah. It does. And I got a graphic we can pull up and look at it here in the minute. Yeah. For people who are only listening to this podcast, it is definitely one of the ones you want to pull up on YouTube and watch it because Randall's brought a deep library of slides that we're going to be going through to illustrate a lot of the things he's talking about. Yeah, so much of this is, you know, you really don't get it until you've seen the graphic, the images and stuff.

I think it's so crazy how, well, the Tunguska asteroid, which was in 19. Or eight, when was it? 1908. 1908. And it exploded five miles in the air. Yes. And it still caused so much devastation to the surface of the earth. About 820 miles of Old Growth Taiga forest was decimated, completely just blown over.

These are trees two and three feet thick. I forget what it was, 80 million trees, instantly snapped off like their twigs. The force of that explosion was about equivalent to a, 15 megaton, maybe 20 megatone in that range, hydrogen bomb. Now, in the peak of the Cold War, the largest bomb, the largest warhead deployed by the U.S. was roughly 15 megatons. And that was, you know, that was part of the whole mutual assured destruction that, you know, if the Soviet Union launched a first strike at us, we would have enough retaliatory capacity

you still completely wipe them out. And so one 15 megaton hydrogen bomb is enough to wipe out any metropolitan urban area on the earth. I mean, think about this. Let's see. If I go 15 megatons, that's 15 million tons of TNT. Now, to give you a comparison, that would be the equivalent of 1,500,000. atomic bombs that destroyed Hiroshima. That's unfathomable.

Yeah, that's one hydrogen bomb warhead, right? 15 megatons. Actually, no, it's more than that because the bomb that took out Hiroshima was only about 10,000 kilotons. So, you know, it'd be even more than that. But it gives you an idea. I think the Nagasaki...

The Hiroshima Nagasaki bombs, they detonated those in the air as well. That's right. Why did they do it in the air? Because the radius of destruction is greater in the atmosphere. Because if it strikes the ground, a lot of that energy is absorbed by the ground, right? So if you want to knock over the maximum number of buildings and kill the maximum number of people, you detonate it in the atmosphere. Now, that's exactly what happened with the Tenguoka object.

Now, as it turns out, there's no known direct deaths from that because it was so remote. In fact, it was so remote that it took Leonid Kulik, I think 19 years later he finally was able to get to the site. And, you know, it was very disorienting to him as he ascended this ridge and then looked out for the first time and saw the remnants of this destruction. Now, if you look at any modern urban area, and in fact I think I have in here a map of, say, Atlanta, it's got a 285 is the surrounding perimeter. freeway. Washington, D.C. has roughly the same size of perimeter freeway. The area within that freeway, which is the entire metropolitan area of Atlanta plus the outlying suburbs, is about roughly the area of devastation of the Tengu Ska blast.

So, again, a Tunguca, one object. And see, here's the thing. How big was that object? I was about to say, here's the thing. It's about 50 meters in diameter, which means roughly 160. feet. So that's a baby. That's a cosmic speck that we're talking about there. I mean, the Chellabinsk had happened in, was it 2013, also over a little town of Siberia. That was like only a tenth the size, if even that, of the Tenguska object. It detonated like, what was it, 15 miles

up, but it still caused 1,500 injuries. Nobody was killed, but it caused 1,500 injuries. Nobody was killed, but it caused 1,500 injuries, some of them serious, and it also damaged 7,000 buildings. And I don't know if you've ever seen some of the video clips of that, but, you know, when the, I think I have. Yeah, the sound wave, the shock wave, when that thing hit is pretty mind-boggling. Where did it hit? It's a little town called Chelyabinsk, also in Siberia. So, yeah, so it was not anywhere close to the magnitude of the Tengu-Ska object.

but there's a possibility that it also was part of the same torrid meteor stream. There's a paper that just came out on new studies of the tarid meteor stream that think that it might, they've actually referred to it as the smoking gun for the Younger Dryas event. So what are the theorized locations for some sort of an impact during the Younger Dryas? Like, I'm sure, you know, this is the big question, but... Well, just like with the Cretaceous tertiary impact that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, for 10 years the critics said, well, we're not buying this scenario because you can't produce a crater. You know, if there was a huge impact 66 million years ago that wiped out all of the dinosaurs on Earth,

where's the crater, right? So it took 10 years, but then the crater was found. buried under like a half a mile of limestone on the northern Yucatan Peninsula. And subsequent studies have confirmed over and over again, yes, it's a buried crater, which is called an astrobleem, which literally translates as star wound, a star wound. What was the name of the rock that hit that killed the dinosaurs? Well, it doesn't really have a name, but the crater is called the Cheekshelube. The Cheechelube.

Cheek Shoehlub. Cheek Shoehlum. And that's the name of a little Mayan village that sits on the northern. coast of the Yucatan. Now, here's... Some of this stuff where it kind of gets bizarre and takes us back to some of these ideas like geomothology and astromatology.

Like, there's no way they could have possibly known about it, right? But, and again, I can pull up here and we'll look at the ground penetrating radar surveys of the giant 120, 130 mile wide scar in your surface, astrobleem star wound, right? Now, typically... God, that's how big it is it? It is. That's insane.

Yeah, yeah. I know. Yeah. So, and, you know, that was probably not the only impact at that time. Right. Anyways, if you look at the structure of these large impact events, there are several things that characterize them. They have multiple rings because you've all seen, you throw a rock in a pond rings emanate out. Right.

And right where the, if you throw a rock into a pond, it's going to be a splen. that comes up, right, and immediately falls back down. Well, in an impact like that, a hypervelocity impact, it basically liquefies the crust, and it sends multiple rings moving out, but they're rapidly cooling as they move out, and then at some point they cool enough that they crystallize, and they sort of get locked into the landscape.

So you can see the multiple rings, and then at the center there will be a central uplift that usually forms a peak, right? and that peak is where the ground, this molten ground is rebounding. And then it'll come up and then it'll literally like freeze and crystallize and create this upward peak. This is called the central peak. So the Cretaceous tertiary impact, the Cheekshelube impact has a central peak. And it's directly in the center and sitting on the ground surface above where that central peak is,

is the little town of Cheek-Shilube, which is a Mayan term. Interestingly, and of course, there's only be a coincidence, right? The translation of Cheek-Shilub literally means the horn of the devil. Oh, my God. So I've always thought that was rather interesting.

Cheech-Chilube. Cheek-Shil-Lub. That's it, yeah, Cheek-Shal-Ub. And that town is right, basically, in the center of that crater. Yeah, well, it's not. not a crater because it's buried. It's an astrobleen.

So you'd have to strip away like half a mile of limestone to get to the thing. So it's buried. The only indication that it's there is the ring of sonotes that sit just inside the rim of the great buried crater. And these are essentially like solution, almost like potholes, collapsed caverns that have formed in the limestone. And that ring of Sonotes forms, it delineates the rim of the giant underground crater. And which is interesting because these Sonotes, many of them were considered sacred to the Mayans for various reasons. You know, the northern Yucatan Peninsula is composed of porous limestone. And there's an overground rivers.

All the rivers flow north there and they flow under. They flow under the surface of the ground. But they're linked into this gigantic, unfathomably huge labyrinth of these underground caves and tunnels that are the result of water percolating through this fractured limestone created by the impact. I didn't come, we don't have it, we don't have it booted up now, but in the show, you know, when I did research down in the Yucatan, I visited sonotes, went diving in some of them, it had no bottoms. Scared, yeah. I didn't do the profession.

I basically just did the, I didn't do the serious diving like some. I didn't have the equipment. But I was there with people who had been exploring these sonotes for years and had never found bottoms to them. Because they just, they go. And there's hundreds of them, probably. thousands of them. But the Mayans would build their

towns and their villages around the sonotes because that was the source of water. And like at Chichen Itza, there's two sonotes there. One of them is called the well of sacrifice and it's become filled with stuff. So it doesn't seem to link

directly in, but if you dug all the sediment out that's accumulated and it may connect, but they held ceremonies there you know, in pre-Columbian times. And those ceremonies were interesting because they would carve pipes, typically wooden pipes that were hollow from both ends,

and they would carve them to look like a serpent. And the mouth of the serpent would be open. The pipes would be hollow, right? And then they would take a ball of copal resin and put in the mouth of the serpent, lighted on fire, and then the burning copal would create smoke that went through the hollow pipe of the serpent and come out its tail,

and they would hold ceremonies. Typically, they assumed that they were probably doing sacrifices there at well at the time, and they would throw these pipes of burning copal down into the well of sacrifice to represent cosmic shit falling to earth and destroying the earth. Whoa. In that bizarre? Yeah.

To say the least. To say the least. Yeah. Yeah. And dozens of these serpent effigies have been excavated from the well of sacrifice. Most of them are in the Carnegie Museum right now. But yeah, I mean, in the future thing, I've got slides. You can see the whole thing.

I'm showing you, I've got the slides of the sonotes. I've got the slides of some of the artifacts pulled out. So, yeah, these guys were hip to something. So the younger Dryas impact was, most likely over happened. It's covered by an ocean right now. No, that's the Cretaceous tertiary.

Okay. Since 66 million years ago. But the Ungadry is not covered by the ocean right now. Where the impact happened. Well, see, just as I was saying before. If it was an impact. Okay. Let's back up for a second because I,

remember what I was saying is that, you know, one of the primary objections of the critics, the skeptics saying, oh, no, you know, that was not an impact. It was a long protracted extermination of the dinosaurs, et cetera, et cetera. And if you can't produce a crater, you know, for us to start buying into this theory, you have to produce the smoking gun, which is the crater, right? Well, then the crater got produced. They found the crater.

And, in fact, several other craters, smaller ones that seem to be date right to the same age. In fact, Indian geologists have found what they think is the Shiva crater, which is the same age off the coast of India and in the Indian Ocean, right? So I haven't seen the latest studies to see if that's been verified or not, but the studies I've seen suggest that the Indian geologists really do believe there's just a giant KT boundary crater on the bottom of the Indian Ocean, which means it might have been a double whammy. Now, it might have not happened at the same time,

but over a short period of interval, short interval. short interval. And one of the scenarios that's kind of emerging now from studies of the cosmic environment is that there may be periods that you might think of as a bombardment epoch, where you have longer periods where bombardments are relatively isolated and few, and then there'll be a clustering. See? So a lot of the critics of the dinosaur extermination said, well, they didn't all go extinct at once, so therefore it couldn't have been an impact. Well, what they're doing is they're imagining only, a very almost obsolete model of impacts is that they only happen in isolation randomly one at a time. They weren't even conceiving of the fact that you may have periods of time where you have multiple

impacts occurring over a short period of time or even multiple impacts occurring all at once. Like Shoemaker Levy 9. In terms, we could think of that as, I mean, all of those impacts, 21 impacts took place in less than a week. So that you could think of as, in a geological sense, that's, simultaneous, right? Right. So now the question is, and you get some of the same objections with the younger

driest boundary impact, is that, well, where's the smoking gun? Where's the crater? So, but here's the problem, as I see it. If you've got an impact into an ocean, well, chances are, crater's going to be very difficult to find, right? And if it's a two-mile deep ocean and a one-kilometer diameter impact, impactor, the crater, what's called the transient crater, is only going to be a very short-lived. It's going to be in the water.

Now it's going to create huge tsunamis, right? So now those tsunamis may leave deposits that could then be identified and dated, particularly if there's, you know, datable material in there. If it's happened within the last 50,000 years, there's probably organic material that can be radiocarbon dated, right? But so that would be one thing you could look for to try to identify, oceanic impact. Now, you go back to the ice age,

there's approximately 6 to 7 million additional square miles of the Earth's surface that is covered by massive ice sheets. Most of that is in the northern hemisphere. Now, if you have a bombardment into northern hemisphere at this time, the chances are much higher that that impact could have been into an ice sheet. Ice. Yeah. And was it basically all of Canada was covered in ice?

All of Canada was. was covered in ice and a lot of the northern United States. And the accepted scientific theory is that this was a gradualistic climate change. Yes. But that doesn't hold up anymore. I mean, in the old days, you could go back a few generations ago. Coming, say, out of World War II, the belief was still that it was tens of thousands of years. Then radiocarbon dating came along.

The problem with radiocarbon dating is, is the, the, time span of deglaciation got contracted immensely. In other words, instead of being 50,000 years, now it was 10,000 years. Because here's the thing. If it was 50,000 years or 100,000 years that you had this slow accumulation of ice over, say, North America, more than half of North America, and then this slow disappearance, right? Well, if it came on, let's say, 75,000 to 100,000 years ago, the process began,

well, where the ice is or was, you're not going to have forests, are you? Forests aren't going to be growing where you've got thousands of feet of ice, right? Well, now that we can go in and we can take core samples of, you know, where the ice was, what do you think they're finding? they're finding remains of forests. They're like 30 and 40,000 years old. So what does that mean? Well, it means that you have to bring those glaciers on a whole lot quicker

and get rid of them a whole lot quicker than anybody had previously been imagining. Yeah, didn't you say something like there was woolly mammoths that were flash frozen, like in an instant? Oh, yeah, yeah. I mean, you say an instant, but, you know, within a few hours, right? The most famous being the Beresovka mammoth of, of, I think, was found in 1901. And that's the most famous one that pretty much everybody,

there's been a lot of flash-frozen mummified remains of Pleistocene mammals that have been found. But this is one of the most famous. And I still don't know the full, I don't know the explanation for this, other than the fact that it had to have been a catastrophic event. But the woolly mammoth was found, but I think it was safe. six tons, right, body mass, found in a frozen, in the permafrost on a riverbank, right? And with the warming of the climate that began in the late 1800s, early 1900s, the riverbank collapsed and exposed this guy who had been sitting frozen in the, in the matrix, this matrix

of frozen permafrost, right? they were able to, and that first year, there was no scientific studies. I think it was a year to two years later when the first scientific studies took place. Anyways, they get there, and in the interim, the skull had been exposed, and wolves apparently had eaten the flesh off of the skull.

But the flesh of the remainder of the mammoth was still intact. And it was sitting on its haunches, and in its mouth, was a mass of vegetation that it had been eating that it didn't even have time to swallow. And in its stomach, there was about 27 different types, species of hedges and plants and things, including flowering plants. Now, a mammoth is a grazer, which means that it grazes underground, as opposed, like, say, to a mastodon, which is a browser.

It likes to eat tree branches and tree leaves and things like that. But so by an analysis of the stomach contents, which was not putrefied, they were able to identify many of these different kinds of plants, flowering plants even, that this poor guy was munching on, right? And he's sitting on his haunches, and both of his pelvic bones are broken, like we're suggesting that he was thrown back very violently, an erect penis. Now, what that means is that was caused by suffocation.

Really? Yes. That's right. That's one of the things that, and because the suffocation, the pressure of the enclosing matrix of material, I guess, forces the blood out to the extremities. That's wild. Isn't that wild? That is fucking wild. I did not know that.

No, a lot of people don't know that. Willie mammals with boners. Yeah. Yeah. So you start putting all that together. Frozen. Yeah. think about this. The guy, poor guy is standing there, munching is probably fall based upon the

seeds and the pollens and the status of the flowering plants. It was probably fall. A fairly, you know, benign day. The guy is standing there, munching is having his lunch or whatever. And then all of a sudden, boom, a shock wave throws him back on his haunches so violently that his pelvic bones are broken. He's immediately covered in a massive material. And then that mass of material is completely frozen so quickly and so cold that the entire carcass basically has to be frozen through and through within 10 hours. Or the contents of the stomach would become putrefied, which it wasn't. Right. So the entire carcass is frozen, the six-ton mammoth.

How do you explain that? And the answer is, I don't know. Right. I really don't know. other than the fact that one possibility to me is that if you have an object rapidly, you know, moving at, say, you know, 20 miles, 15 to 20 miles per second, given to the atmosphere is only about eight miles thick, if you've got an object that's coming in and moving, you know, at 15 miles per second,

it's only going to take half a second to penetrate the entire atmosphere. So it may actually blow out a hole and bring in, you know, gases that are close to absolute zero. Oh, my God. And that could be one explanation. But I don't know the explanation. It needs to be, it's one of those conundrums of geology that needs to be addressed. You know, the old days, they'd say, oh, well, he fell in a crevice and then got buried.

And the problem with that is that we can see modern examples of, like, caribou falling in to crevices or modern elephants, you know, dying around water holes and things. And carcasses are not preserved. You know, you have to have unusual conditions to preserve, particularly of a mega mammal, which is defined as any mammal over 100 pounds in body weight, roughly. You know, during some of those horrible droughts in sub-Saharan Africa in the 80s, you had massive elephant mortality around waterholes. typically you've got an elephant that dies there it's carcass decays

uh scavengers will eat the flesh and carry off bones and stuff typically within five years there was no evidence that you'd had a a five-ton elephant laying there carcass laying there next to the waterhole so typically for any animal to become a part of the fossil record they have to be removed rapidly from the forces that would normally recycle the remains. I mean, think about this. You know, during the post-Civil War 1870s, 1880s, and there was a tremendous slaughter of American bison's,

and you had thousands of bison carcasses just left to rot on the prairie. They're gone. They were gone within a decade or two. There was no remnant of them there. In order for those carcasses to be preserved as fossils, they have to be removed from oxygen. They have to be removed from scavengers. They have to typically be buried very rapidly.

Very quickly. Very quickly, yes. So maybe we should look at some slides. Let's look at some slides. What's crazy about this is like, you know, modern, you know, today we're so worried about climate change. It's such a political, it's such a political hot topic people to discuss and fight about. and, you know, how much impact do humans have on climate change when you're looking at it from the, looking at the forest for the trees? When you bring that up, it's good, humans definitely have, there's no question, we have an impact on the climate and the environment through every, all kinds of things.

It's not just the burning of fossil fuels. It's deforestation. It's agriculture. It's mining. All of these things have an impact on the environment. However, what you just said is important because within the larger, framework, the impact that we are having on the environment in that context actually is quite minimal.

That's the thing that most people don't understand because they've taken, they're using, like you just said, they're using the impact of humans on the climate as now a political issue more than it is a scientific issue. And if you look at, you know, there's so many things. I mean, we could devote hours and hours to this discussion, and it needs to happen because, you know, the typical responsibility. response, mainstream media, and the purveyors of this, the so-called climate crisis now, that if you question that or challenge it, you are now consigned to the category of climate change

denier, you know, which, of course, I'm about as far as from a climate change deniers you could get, because I'm talking about catastrophic climate change all the time, right? Now I do question the severity of human-caused climate change by releasing very much really a small part of the carbon dioxide that is locked up in the crust of the earth into the atmosphere. If we look at the long range, again, what's missing here is the big picture, the long range view, and that's what I try to do is I take the long range view. The period known as the quaternary, which is the Pleistocene and the Holocene, the Pleistocene goes back to about two and a half million years ago,

but which is only a very short period of time when you'd say look at go back, back to the Pre-Cambrian times into actually the beginning of life on Earth, right? Within that period of time, the range of life on Earth, which is the, includes the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic, right? Mesozoic was the age of the dinosaurs, right? We all saw Jurassic Park, right? So Jurassic Park was the middle period of the Mesozoic, preceded by the Triassic and followed by the, what I say, Jurassic, followed by the Cretaceous, right?

And in fact, for people who are really into it, most of the dinosaurs that were in Jurassic Park were actually Cretaceous dinosaurs, by the way. Really? Yeah, most of them weren't. But, I don't know, Cretaceous Park doesn't have the same ring as Jurassic Park. No.

I have some dinosaur slaying tools over there in the corner. I showed you earlier. I saw those. Yeah, I've been a little concerned here since I saw those. What did you keep those in the corner for? But then I realized, you know, you got Austin here, so. Yeah. Yeah.

Austin. Austin will protect us. Yeah. Oh, I thought it was for protection from Austin. Oh, no. Austin, we don't have to worry about Austin. No, we don't have to worry about them. Okay.

Good. So where was? Yeah. Okay. So what I'm about to say was that if you look at the ambient concentration of carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere, the lowest throughout the entire range of the so-called phanerozoic, which is the great eon encompassing paleozoic, mesozoic, and senozoic, right? The Pleistocene and Holocene has been the lowest carbon dioxide has been in the history

of life on earth. And this lowering of carbon dioxide coincides with the onset of this oscillating cycle of glacial interglacial ages. Now, carbon dioxide has two primary functions within nature. On one hand, it is a greenhouse gas that can capture long wave

thermal radiation emanating from the earth, right? It has been absorbed from shortwave solar radiation impinging upon the earth being absorbed and then being reemitted. Once it reaches saturation, it reemits. So, it's a greenhouse gas and an important one,

right? It's also the fuel for photosynthesis. So it has a dual function within the natural order of things. Without carbon dioxide, there's no photosynthesis, right? Now, carbon dioxide, typically, once it gets below 200 parts per million, it starts getting dangerously close to the point where photosynthesis will shut down. Photosynthesis begins to shut down between 150 and 180 parts per million. During the last late, so-called late glacial maximum, carbon dioxide concentrations, reached as low as 180 parts per million. Now,

no greenery. No greenery below that. I mean, the first plants that go are the so-called C-3 plants, which is basically just describing a photosynthetic pathway. Most of our food crops are those, that category. Most of your weeds are C-4, which means that they have been adapted to low-carbon environments, right? But most of the stuff we eat is adapted.

to a higher carbon dioxide environment. This is why commercial greenhouse growers ramp up the carbon dioxide to like 11,200 parts per million, which is three times or more the present day concentration in the atmosphere. Present day is around 200? No, about 406. 406. Right now, yeah. And at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, it was about 280.

So throughout the 10,000 years of the Holocene, it apparently rose about 100 parts per million. It has risen another, you know, 100 and, what I says, 100 and say 120 parts per million, right? Yet, like I said, throughout most of Earth's history, carbon dioxide has been thousands of parts per million. Thousands of parts per million. And life was abundant, proliferating, right? And the Earth did not turn into a runaway hot house like has been predicted. So there's many nuances to this to this whole issue about climate change. And a couple of points to be made when we start talking about the increase in carbon dioxide,

number one, we can compare it like if we look in the last 10 or 12,000 years, our baseline is now the lowest that carbon dioxide has been in 600 million years. Okay? So, and then as far as temperature change, you know, there was a medieval warm period that was thoroughly recognized and admitted by the very first IPCC report that came out in 1992, but by the follow-up by 1996, they had managed to erase the medieval warm period. Because the medieval warm period, even in the graphs shown in the IPCC's first report of 1992, showed that the medieval warm period was warmer than the present, right?

the modern warming. Well, this didn't fit the narrative. So by the time the 1996 report came out, the whole graph of climate change, temperature change, from a thousand years ago to now, was basically flattened. So what they did was they got rid of the medieval warm period and the little ice age.

And so instead of the graph doing this, they flattened it out. And then they added, it's a complex thing. they did. Then they added instrumental record on the end that looks like it's going way up because it is not accounted for the urban

heat island effect, which is a whole other question, but it was a completely contrived graph called a hockey stick. And this is the thing that has been utilized since the mid-90s now to incite the sphere. Al Gore used it in... How could they do... How could they get away with

doing something like that? They didn't get away. They were called out on it. But the point is that the people that are calling them out on it are not getting the media coverage. You know, because look, at this point, there's billions of dollars going into the whole climate change narrative. And so there's a huge disincentive to go, wait a second, the climate right now is no warmer than it's been many times throughout history. And I've written extensively on this, and I'm going to be publishing a lot of this on my website, talking about the periods of climate warmth have been always times of human prosperity. Right. And reproduction as well, right?

Oh, yeah. I mean, you know, you have, because clearly when it's warm out, you have an extended growing period. Right. You know, there's more food to eat. People get more food to eat. They get healthier. They get stronger. They live longer.

Your peepee gets smaller when it's cold. I've heard that. I haven't put it to the test yet. But I think it also happens when you get older, but I'm not sure. Trust me, it's true. I jumped to my pool the other day. It was freezing. Was it?

Yeah. Okay. Well, that's good to know. I'll keep that in mind. Stay out of cold pools. I'll make it. Hot tubs are where it's at. Yeah.

Yeah, on that trip that I was doing up in Washington in October, we had Brandon Powell with us, who was a student of the ice man. Oh, Wimhoff. Wimhoff, yeah. Oh, shit. So he was shaming everybody to get into the ice bath. Did you do it? No, I didn't.

The reason I didn't, there was a good reason I didn't actually, because I was leading the tour, and each day I had to figure out what we were going to be doing at 8 a.m. the next morning. Looking at the maps, figuring out where we're going to go, looking at the weather. I was consumed with all of that while he's, you know. leading people into the but he shamed me into promising that the next trip I would do it so I'm going to

work up to it I'm going to start doing the cold showers all in your head the hard the hardest part is just making the jump it's just run you do it in like the ocean I know well listen I grew up in Minnesota right so I mean the ice would melt off the lakes and we'd be jumping in the lakes

and so yeah I think that was pretty close to an ice bath that's about as close as you get, yeah. But, yeah, I was, that was a long time ago. I don't know. Now I might just be shocked into, you'd have to probably drag me out and resuscitate me. I don't know.

But where was I? Oh, yeah, the whole question about the climate change issue is one that needs to be looked at from all sides. And what you're going to see is that, you know, what I think the point I was making was that you did have the little ice age. Right. And it was very real. It's not an artifact. During the Little Ice Age, it's now acknowledged it was probably the coldest few centuries

since the end of the Great Ice Age, with maybe a couple of exceptions. There was a cold spasm that took place around 8,200, 8,300 years ago. Right. But other than that outlier, that anomaly, the Little Ice Age was very cold. Most of the Holocene has been warmer than now, believe it or not. When was the Little Ice Age? Well, it was in several phases. the first phase started around early 1,300's, right?

Now, this came on the heels of 300 years of medieval warmth, right? Now, it was during this medieval warmth that the Vikings colonized the west coast of Greenland and had farming for hundreds of years there, where it's permafrost now, right? It was also the era, the great era of cathedral building in Europe. And when you go back to pre-1900 to 1,000 to 1,000 AD, that was, the so-called dark ages, right? And the dark ages was a period of basically cold weather. 536 AD is probably the coldest year of the last 2,000 years.

And that was kind of like what sort of inaugurated the dark ages. Not much happened during the dark ages. I mean, there was a lot, but, you know, nothing like you saw with the Great Cathedral Building Enterprise in Europe. Now, with the warmth that came around 1,000 AD, you know, so 530, let's go jump back again. 536 AD, you had this extremely cold weather. May have been brought on by volcanoes,

may have actually been brought on by a couple of impacts. There's evidence possibly of some cosmic impacts around 536 AD. The whole story of the Arthurian mythology and the quest for the grail is all set in that period from 536 to 540. The Battle of Camlon, the legendary battle where Arthur was killed, is usually dated to 541 AD. Now, what's interesting about this is you had this period of cold, and this cold caused agricultural failures multiple years in a row.

Agricultural failures led to famine. Famine led to weakened immune systems. And then, I think it was in 542 AD, you had the Justinian plague. So you have the cold weather, you have agricultural failure, you have famine, and then it's followed by pestilence or plague. And that wiped out a third the population of Europe, or even more. And again, it was very much like what came at the beginning of the Little Ice Age. Now, when the medieval warm period began, say, between, it didn't begin everywhere all at once at the same time,

but you had a general warming of the plans between 900 AD and 1,000 AD. Vikings, and at the time, you had a tremendous recession of the polar ice that allowed the sea lanes between Iceland and Greenland to open up. before this, you couldn't have made that journey because there was too much ice, right? The ice receded, the Vikings were able to sail to Greenland. Iceland became populated. You had immigrants to Iceland. And then because of the abundant food crops, people were eating a lot.

And within about 100 years, 100 to 150 years, population had increased that, significantly throughout Europe. And people were living longer and they were wealthier and more productivity on every front was happening because people were being healthy and well fed. Infant mortality declined, lifespans, even human stature increased by three, four, five inches during this period. This is the warmth. This is the medieval warm period, right?

Because of the surpluses that were created, you now had this possibility of our armies of tens of thousands of highly skilled artisans and craftspeople and glaziers and carpenters and stone carvers and stuff, able to build these tremendous Gothic cathedrals. And I don't know if you've been to Europe. Like Notre Dame? Like Notre Dame. Yeah, you saw Notre Dame, right? That was built during this peak.

Wow. Amiens, Chart, Reims, Leon. There was about 80 of these gigantic abbeys that were built during this time in about maybe 500 smaller ones. But it was this incredible prolific building period. What's interesting about that is simultaneous with that century and a half of this epic building phenomenon that was going on in Europe. You also had major building campaigns going over on in Indochina and Southeast Asia

that built the last phase of all of the great temples in Cambodia and Laos and Vietnam that are so impressive. You also had simultaneous the wave of the last wave of classic Mayan architecture that's now emerging, you know, in Central America. You had the

last wave of monumental earthwork architecture in North America. All of this stuff is going on like the same century, century and a half, and it was during this period of global warmth. Wow. Okay. Now, what happens? You get to the 1300s,

and things begin to shift, right? The climate starts cooling. And around 1314, 1315, I think it was, right in there, you had some couple of really cold years. And you can look and you can see that the onset of the cold and the end of the great cathedral building era almost perfectly coincide. Now, you had a succession of cold years between like 1315 and 1340. During that time, you see a total decline in European prosperity. You see the end of the great Gothic building enterprise, right? And then around 1340, I think it was, you had the bubonic plague because you'd had the succession of agricultural failures. the bubonic plague came along and wiped out at least a third,

the entire population of Europe. Now, that was truly a pandemic. Yeah. I mean, a third or more, there were places where whole towns pretty much nobody survived. And literally, yeah, thousands upon thousands of corpses just left on the landscape laying there because there weren't people to bury them. Right. The dead outnumbered the living.

And that was the Baba, also called the Black Plague, right? Right. So this was what launched the Little Ice Age. Then that was the first phase. And then we see that there was a period of remediation in the Little Ice Age that pretty much coincided with the Renaissance. And then you had phase two. Luckily, we had enough momentum going that phase two wasn't as severe as phase one, even though the planet got very cold during this phase two particularly is when you had this episode where in

Europe in the mountainous regions you had the glaciers swelling to this enormous size and you had entire villages and farms that were obliterated by the growing glaciers. Whole towns it had to be abandoned because the glaciers are growing down. Taking over. Taking over, yeah. So what's interesting is, is when you look at this period, of global cooling, it begins to end around the mid-1800s, right? And has been warming gently and steadily ever since, except you go to the last 20 to 25 years

and you see it's almost leveled off. And we're, but there's a lot of statistics out there that suggest, oh, the planet is, you know, and we're in a climate crisis and it's continuing to warm catastrophically. But there are studies. and, you know, I can come back and we could dive into just nothing but this conversation about climate change. Recently, a study has come out that, you know, when you look at temperature data, one of the things that you're looking at is, you know, we have ground-based temperature stations. We have weather balloons and we have satellites.

Those are the three primary sources of knowledge of information we have. The ground-based ones are also very old. right, and they're like near airport or at airports? You got it. See, so you start a ground-based data collection station there, and it's in a rural area, particularly like in a rural airport, let's say 50, 60, 70 years ago, right? Well, then what happens is that it becomes urbanized.

And so, you know, if you've got a temperature station sitting, you know, in a field, well, then you come at 20, 30, 40, 40, years later, and it's surrounded by buildings and pavement and air conditioning. Concrete everywhere. Right, right. That's the urban heat island effect. And generally, a lot of the modern temperature data doesn't really effectively account for that.

And they also don't include the role of the sun. And we know a whole lot more about the sun now than we did in 1988 when James Hansen did his presentation, one hot day. July day before Congress when this whole ball started rolling on, you know, catastrophic greenhouse warming. But one thing that should be mentioned is that the ability of carbon dioxide to capture long wave radiation in the wavelengths of roughly 14 to 17 microns right in that window is pretty much saturated.

In other words, you can keep adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and it's going to have a exponentially declining effect on long-wave thermal radiation capture, which means that, and typically if you look at, you know, experiments going back decades and decades show that most of the heat capture of carbon dioxide is in the first 50 parts per million. And when you add 50 parts per million, when you've already got 400 parts per million, the heat capture of it is minimal. Now, the computer modelers know this, so they have to introduce. all kinds of positive feedbacks into the models in order to ramp up the effect of the carbon dioxide

because they know that the carbon dioxide by itself is not going to have a huge effect on global temperature. Wow. So there's so much like this, Danny, that's just not out there in the mainstream discussion. And it's sad that this is the case, but, you know, again, like we're talking about, the science has been subordinated to the politics. Yeah, it really has. And there's too much incentive to suppress these types of conversations. Yes.

There's too much money on the line. There's too much political agenda, too many political agendas on the line. Yes. And there needs to be more debates between people like you and the skeptics or the people who are projecting this narrative in the mainstream and, you know, coming to light on the internet or wherever. Well, you may have noticed that there is a very notice. reluctance on the part of the proponents to debate these issues. This is how the... Because it's hard. Nobody knows anything about this.

The people that are talking about it, they don't really know. How much time have they actually spent studying climate change? Right. Right. Now, I'm not a climate change scientist. I'm just somebody that's been obsessed and fascinated with things like that, literally since I was a kid. You know, I remember sitting on the roof of my house watching two tornadoes go by, which was crazy.

but, you know, so, you know, from the age of probably 13, 14, 15, I was really, really fascinated by weather and it evolved into, you know, climate. I mean, my interest in natural history, I guess you could say, goes back to the early 70s, you know. So growing up in an environment like rural Minnesota, right where we lived, we had land on a lake that was a leftover meltwater puddle from the ice. and the ice right where we were was at the margin of the so-called superior lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. And right where we lived was a place where the ice would expand and contract and expand and contract before it finally disappeared. And so it shaped the entire landscape of the, you know, the environment of when I was a kid growing up. And I always had this kind of undefinable fascination with the land because it always seemed to be even as a little kid that there was, Something about it.

You know, a hill is not just a hill. It's something else. It's maybe it might be a drumlin. It might be a terminal moraine, you know. Now it's just a hill with soil and trees growing on. There's a reason why it's there. But there's a reason why it's there, you know. And most people just look at the land around them, and it just is.

There's nothing you don't question. You don't think about it anymore. But when you do, then you discuss. that there's this underlying story there, you know? Right. And why don't we jump to a couple of slides before? What are we looking at right here? Okay, so this is a Greenland Ice Corps study,

which shows the extreme climate changes at the end of the Pleistococene transition. And you see that dashed line, let's see, I should have brought, let's see, I don't have my, you don't have a laser point. It's okay, yeah, no, I can see the, there's a horizontal dashed line, and it says present temperature. Does

Austin, do you have a cursor? Austin, you have a cursor, right? There you go. Yeah, he does. Okay, go up there. Just follow where we're talking. Up there, yeah, see that horizontal dash line? That is the present temperature.

Now look, now, okay, so the present is all the way to the right of that graph. All the way down there. That's the present, right? Now, if you come over, you see that that graph there, again, the dash line is the present temperature. Now, if you look at the bottom, you see it says YD, that's for Younger Drius, and then you see a scale of time at the bottom, zero over on the right, and you see 10,000, and then you see, what is it, there, 12,800 being the time of the Younger Dryest boundary.

And you see that there's that gray band, light gray band that goes up there, and that was the Younger Dries Boundary. And you see, look what the graph is doing there. Look at how it peaks, this enormous peak there that actually dates to about 14,600. And then the climate just plunges down by about, that's about 10 degrees center. Let's see, we can look over on the vertical graph,

and you see colder temperature, warmer temperature. And what you see there is that it's very peak, About it like 18 degrees? Yes, yes. Doesn't seem like a lot? It doesn't seem like a lot. 18 degrees? Well, let me put it to you this way.

Now, that's average temperature. Okay. Right. Now, since the beginning, this whole climate crisis in global warming, right? The estimated amount of global warming is about 1.2, 1.3 degrees. Oh, wow. So this is like 10 times the warming we've seen post-industrial right here. Wow.

And I constantly hear people say the planets never warmed this fast and this much before. And I'm saying, where are you getting your info from there, my friend? But you can see there was this rapid decline in climate change into the younger driest. Negative, it was roughly what, negative 40 degrees? Uh, four, it's you got negative five, negative 50, so that's five to use about, let's say, yeah, almost negative 50. So it, it, this is centigrade now, not Fahrenheit. Okay. So it, you'll see at the top of the graph, it's right at minus 30.

At the bottom, it's almost minus 50. So that's, you know, 18 degrees centigrade. So we multiply that by, uh, 1.8. and we're looking at like 30 degrees Fahrenheit. Whoa. That's a climate. That is a true climate crisis right there. Now, again, and then look at the wave.

I remember I said there was an event at about 8,200 years where there was a short-lived cooling event. You see that right, there it is, right there, yep. Okay, but other than that, this last 10,000 years is, almost all of it has been warmer than now, at least in Greenland. So the way you get around us is you say, well, this was only in Greenland, right? But you don't have this. Okay, so this is a study coming from an ice core.

An ice core in Greenland. However, since these cores were extracted and first analyzed in the early 90s, we've got evidence from all over the world now showing that, That correlates with this. That correlates with this. Okay. How deep are these ice cores? Oh, let's see.

I think the Greenland ice core was about 1,500 meters when it hit bedrock. So 1,500 meters would be about a mile. Wow. About a mile. Holy shit. I think it was actually even more than that. But, yeah, so these are long. A mile of ice.

Yeah. Oh, my God. And that's over Greenland at present. Presently. Presently. It's a mild deep. Yes. Yes. So look, you can see up there, see the medieval warm period? Now look at the medieval warm period and then look at the present global warming, which is right where that graph hits the vertical axis.

You see right there? And I said that the medieval warm period was warmer. All of the evidence suggests that the medieval warm period around the world was warmer than now. and yet it was not a time of climate crisis it was a time of human prosperity but that doesn't fit the narrative Danny we're about right on par with the little ice age yeah we're a little actually a little warmer than see this is going to be a little bit biased because it's in Greenland okay if you have to go to the like European if you go to the southern you know farther south in the latitudes what you'll see is that relatively speaking, yes, the little ice age was colder than now for sure, a couple of degrees

colder. Okay. Okay, and then you see warming at the end of the younger dryas, and that was a spasm of warming. Now, check out that huge spike over to the left. That's like within how long is that spike? That's a massive spike. Yeah. On the right, on the very end of the younger dryas. That one, yeah, probably a few years. It's vertical, basically. And that is about 11,000 600. Now, you have, what you had there was two gigantic pulses of meltwater into the global oceans, which caused what John Shaw and his colleagues referred to CRE's catastrophic rise events. And I believe that these events, these warming events, are associated with the gigantic floods at the end of the ice age, because it was these warming events that melted the ice.

If we go to the next slide, you'll see that the next slide is a late Pleistocene mortality graph. Now, in these events that terminated the Ice Age, roughly half the great megafaunal species on Earth died out very rapidly. And what we have here is you look at this graph from left to right. On the far left, it's 50,000 years ago. and then it ends at 4,000 years ago over on the right. Yep. But now if you look at each one of those squares represents a fossil specimen.

So for tens of thousands of years, from 50,000 years ago to about 14,000 years ago, you'll see that it's generally fairly sporadic. And you get to 14,000, and it really peaks around 12,000 years. So all of a sudden, around 12,000 to 13,000 years ago, a huge number of fossil remains were introduced into the environment. And then at the end of this, these species extinct are extinct.

They don't exist anymore. So these are, like it says, each square represents a fossil specimen of an extinct megafaunal species. mastodons, mammoths, giant ground slaws, dire wolves, Pleistocene lions, saber-tooth cats, giant elk, giant beaver, yeah, giant armadillos, everything was giant, by the way. Why were they so big? That's a good question. They were big. Wow.

Huge, you know, the Colombian mammoth, mammothos imperator, the imperial mammoths, it's 16 feet high at his shoulder. That's twice the height of an average African elephant, which is about eight feet, nine feet at the shoulder. That's bizarre. Yeah, I mean, they brought the remains, the skeleton of an imperial mammoth, into the Fernbank Museum where I lived like about 10 years ago,

and they literally had to remove the ceiling to set the skeleton up because it was so big. Think of like the big imperial walkers in Star Wars. Yeah, yeah. So this shows a precise correlation between the mass extinction episode and the graph we just looked at. So where that graph spikes, that layer of ice had tons of dead animals. Yes, yes. And if you go back one, go back one, Austin, that spike, I would actually do a slot.

No, no, not forward, Austin, back. If you go, that spike, if we were to flip this graph over, that spike would coincide with that younger driest drop right there. Okay. It's a very convincing correlation. Wow. And then, now you can move, Austin, go forward two slides. Next one right there.

Okay, so now this is the graph of sea level rise at the end of the last ice age. Now, bear in mind, if you're going to add 6 million, 7 million cubic miles of ice to the surface of the earth, where's the water come from that forms those glaciers from the oceans, right? Well, if you take that much water out of the global ocean, you have to sea level is going to lower. So during the late glacial maximum, sea levels were at least 400 feet lower than they are now. In the old models, and sea level would have been a gradual rise

that would have correlated directly as the glaciers shrank, sea level would rise. And then once all the glaciers had disappeared, sea level would have reached more or less to its present level, right? But if you look at this graph, this is graph of the sea level rise. And if you look at the bottom of the graph, you'll see that age in 1,000 years, zero on the left, and 18,000 years ago on the right, right at the bottom. That's right. Good, good, Austin. Okay. If you go up the left, you've got the estimated discharge rate in cubic kilometers per year.

Now, if you look at that highest spike, it's almost up to 15,000 cubic kilometers of water introduced into the ocean per year. Now, this is an older graph, and what has changed is that the rates of introduction of meltwater have actually are faster than what you see in this graph. But what this graph does is it shows you that there were two huge spikes of melt water into the global ocean. You have the first one on the right. The taller of the two is called Meltwater Pulse 1A. That was the first. And then notice how many years ago? That was right now.

The dating of that is around 14,000 years ago. Okay. Okay. Then you see that that's followed by a rapid decline in the volume of water. flowing into the oceans, which is going to be a direct function of how rapid the ice is melting. Now, that trough there is followed by a second spike, and that trough of reduced flow to the ocean exactly coincides with the Younger Dryas. So in other words, when the world went cold again during the Younger Dryas,

the water, the melt water flowing from the glaciers into the oceans, declined if it didn't stop altogether. And then about 1,300 years later, boom, it started up again. And that gave us meltwater pulse 1B. So these three graphs are really interesting to correlate because what you see is that first big warming spike that we looked at in the first graph coincides the meltwater pulse 1A. Then the younger driest of the planet jerking back into full glacial cold

corresponds with the trough where the meltwater stopped, and then the second warming coincides with the lower spike, which is meltwater pulse 1B. And right in the middle where that trough is, hey, between those two spikes is when all the megafauna disappeared. Is that where the instantaneous freezing occurred? Good question. You know, that's a tough one.

The dates are ambiguous there. Okay. Dates are ambiguous. So the spikes coincide with massive flooding. Yes. Catastrophic floods. It would have to. Because one would think, okay, if you've got 15,000 cubic kilometers of water being dumped into an ocean in one year or maybe even quicker,

that means a whole lot of ice is melting really fast. That ice melting has to create giant floods. right the pieces pretty much all fall into place so yeah that's fascinating isn't it though really is yeah so let's see let me see we should jump ahead okay let's do this jump ahead to slide number uh let's see whoops i meant to escape not not end if you start clicking forward you'll get to a picture of a flower there you go is that the flower the mammoths were eating

no that is dryus octopatala and let me bring this I accidentally closed I didn't mean to do that age of Leo here we go okay I'll just reopen it 17,000 year

glacial Ustatic sea level record influence of global of glacial melting rates on the younger dryest event and deep ocean circulation Yeah, okay, so Eustatic is the rise and fall of sea level Okay

That's a function of growth and shrinkage of ice sheets Okay So this is a direct correlation Ice sheets grow, sea level drops. Ice sheets shrink, sea level rises. That's called eustatic. Okay. And it's generally thought of as being more or less uniform around the planet

because all the oceans are interconnected, right? So if you look over here, the flower on the right, count the petals. Should have eight petals. Octopatala literally means eight petals. And Dryas Octopatala is a lot of. like it says, it's an eight-pedal polar wildflower that grows in really cold climates. And when the climate warms, that particular flower disappears because it likes cold weather. And so, anyways, the younger Dryas is a period where after disappearing from Northern Europe during the Ice Age,

Dryas Octopatala suddenly came back again for 1,300 years. And then, of course, it was an older dryest. You know, that's why you have an younger dry. If you didn't have an older dryest, it wouldn't be a younger dryest. It would just be the driest, right? Right. And that's driest, not dryass. Okay.

Okay. When was the older driest? I think it was sort of like around 15. I think, let me see. Let's, I think if I go back, I think I even have it on a graph here. Yeah, go back to slide number eight. you'll see that you've got an oldest dryus, an older driest, and then a younger driest. Okay, I see it now.

Yeah. And the oldest driest and the older driest, they were not as cold as the younger driest. And notice the younger dryest ends at 11,500 years ago, right? Right. Now, as that graph moves up, that's warming. See, temperature in degrees centigrade over on the left. So you can see that the climate dropped in temperature, very, very cold, and then it rose again. And this graph, it's dated at about 11,500 years ago.

And there was a warming, a massive warming, that massive warming would have been associated with huge floods from melting ice and a rapid rise in sea level. Now, 11,500, interestingly and coincidentally, going back to the thing we mentioned earlier, geomorphology, in Plato's accounts of Atlantis, his two dialogues, Temaeus and Cretius, where he talks about Atlantis, he dates it as 9,000 years prior to Solon's exile in Egypt, which took place roughly at 600, 500 to 600 BC. Okay. So that puts it at, say, 25 to 2,600 years ago. Add that to 9,000 years. And what do you get?

11,500 for the destruction of Atlantis by a great earthquake that caused it to sink beneath the Atlantic Ocean? Coincidence? Wow. Yeah. No, I think that Plato was... See, this is where, you know, modern academia just dismisses the whole Atlantis account. Right, right. You think of Atlantis.

You think of some fictional... woo-woo tale. It's only in books. Right. But if you go back to the source, I mean, the source is Plato. The greatest metaphysician of, you know, Western civilization. The big question is, was it a moral tale or was it a physical place? Was it a real city? I think it could be both. Why would not an ancient commentator utilize an actual historic event? Right. Upon which to graft a moral teaching. Doesn't Plato recount in his writings that it doesn't he say more than once that it was an actual real place? Oh yeah, multiple times. Yeah, he affirms the veracity of the account.

This may have the appearance of myth, but it's real. It really happened. He says that, yeah. So. So which brings us to the recent video of the guy who was just on Joe Rogan's podcast who talks. Jimmy. Jimmy. Yeah.

What's the name of his channel again? Bright Insight. Bright Insight, yeah. So he had a conversation with Joe Rogan about the Eye of Africa being the location of Atlantis. Do you have that little video clip that I showed you earlier, Austin, where he talks about he shows the map, Plato's map of Atlantis and where it could be and why he lays out all of his reasoning on. why that could be the location. I didn't know Plato had a map, so I'm not... I could be wrong. Maybe it wasn't Plato's map. This is somebody's map. Let's watch this quick clip real quick. Okay, let me... They described an empire named Atlantis, which consisted of

ten kingdoms and the capital of Atlantis was on an island that consisted of three rings of water and two of land, which of course, when we look at the Rishad's structure, you see that it would precisely match that specific detail of three rings of water and two. of land. And not only that, it was said to open to the sea at the south, which is exactly what you see here at the wrist shot. In fact, you can literally see the striations in the sand where water once flowed through it. But not only that, those white blemishes are indeed salt, an unbelievably significant detail, which I'll discuss more of in a moment. But Atlantis was also said to have mountains to the north, mountains that were said to have rivers run through them, which, yes,

are mountains with evidence of ancient water flow north of the Rishat. Atlantis was also said to be surrounded by a large plain, which also exists for hundreds of miles on both sides of the Rishat's structure. Another striking similarity is that Atlantis was said to consist of black, red, and white colored stone, which is incredibly interesting when you see all the stones of that color in and around the region of the Rishat. There was also said to be an abundance of elephants, and elephants live in Mauritania today and have for thousands of years. In fact, there's an even ancient cave arc depicting elephants not far from the wrist shot. And Atlantis was also said to have an abundance of exotic fruit and vegetables, which makes the case for it being in North Africa even more compelling,

considering that we now know that the Sahara Desert didn't even exist until somewhere around 11,600 years. years ago where it went from green to desert and practically an instant. But many people are not aware of this incredible fact that the Sahara had previously been a lush green tropical paradise at the same time that Atlantis was said to exist. In fact, it was said to be made up of the largest freshwater lakes and rivers ever known to exist anywhere on earth, which of course would support that the region of the Western Sahara would have naturally growing fruits and vegetables, but alleged vegetation that no longer exists in this region aside, Atlantis was said to have an abundance of metals, including iron, copper, and gold. Well, it turns out that Mauritania's most

common exports today include iron, copper, and gold. But the similarities do not end here. You see, Atlantis was said to be created by the god Poseidon, and Poseidon had 10 children that came from five sets of male twins. And each of these 10 children would individually be ruler of the 10 kingdoms that made up the empire of Atlantis. And the firstborn would rule the capital and his name was Atlas. So does anyone want to guess who the name of the first king of Mauritania was? King Atlas, who ruled over the Mori people, which is why the land is called Mauritania today. And not only that, the vast mountain region located north of the Rishat just so happens to be named the Atlas Mountains. What a coincidence.

Now, another incredible detail involves this map. This is the map I was referring to. Herodice is considered by many to be the father of history due to his extensive historical documentation. In fact, we wouldn't even know about the Greco-Persian Wars if it wasn't for him. And some 2,500 years ago, he made a written detailed account of the known, world at that time. However, he himself did not draw out this map. Others, and I do not know who or when, read through his various works and annotated that the people of Atlantis lived in this region you see here, which just so happens to be the same general location of the Rishat structure. What are the odds?

All right, you can stop it there, Austin. So he lays out a very compelling, he sells it. He sells it. Yeah. And, and, and, Generally, you know, I like his stuff. He does a great job. We would disagree on this for... Let's go. Well, listen, I have done an entire treatment of this. Episode 9 of Cosmographia.

Right, which was very compelling. And that follows upon, what, six or seven episodes, about 10 to 12 hours. Right. Going into the Atlantis account of Plato, the background. You know, all the stuff he's talking about there. And it's good stuff, man. Yeah.

But I have some issues with it, and I get into that. Why I believe it's not there. And you need to watch that, Danny. And then we can talk about that. We could do an Atlantis episode when I come back. Okay. After you've had a chance to watch. Well, I've listened.

I've listened to a bit of it. Okay. And there's a lot to unpack in that. There is. So, so could you sort of like briefly give an overview of your thoughts or your, your studies on Atlantis? Well, very briefly, you know, I've read four or five different translations of Plato, and I've actually procured the original Greeks.

I've been able to go in and laboriously translate the various words used. And, I mean, it's clear. you know, right at the outset, you know, this power came forth from the Atlantic Ocean outside the Pillars of Heracles. The Pillars of Heracles is what we call the Rock, the Straits of Gibraltar. It describes that when you pass from the Straits of Gibraltar into the Atlantic Ocean, you encounter some islands, and then you encounter, would have encountered Atlantis. and then beyond that was the Great Continent. So in other words, when you look at the geography, and there is like the Spartel Bank,

there's a sunken island right there at the mouth that would have actually been an island that sailors could have stopped at. And then there's Madeira, possibly even other islands. That's my problem, is that Plato very clearly, to me, puts it in the Atlantic Ocean. and also very clearly describes that it sank within the ocean. So what I have done is shown throughout hours of video

that there is solid evidence for post-glacial subsidence of particularly along the mid-Atlantic Ridge. So all the things that Jimmy is describing there, I could show essentially the same configuration to the sunken Azores Plateau. as it's called. Okay. Open to the south. Mountains to the north.

And that's what I do in this series that I did because I was not really familiar with the theory that the eye of Africa was considered to be Atlantis. When I did those, I may had heard of it, but hadn't looked into it. So then so many people were asking about it that I did a follow-up specifically focusing on. on the reshatt structure. And I basically go into the studies. See, I accumulated a number of studies on it in probably the early 90s when it was still being considered an impact crater. And so when I was thoroughly reaching, researching impact craters, that's when I first

learned about it. And it looked to me like a multi-ringed impact structure, just like we were talking about earlier, right? Well, it later, you know, ground penetrating radar and analysis of the rocks and stuff show that it was a deep-rooted volcanic feature. So it's natural. It is not human-made. It's natural. And I think all the geologists that have looked at that would concur that it's natural. So the fact that it's, what, 1,400 feet above sea level to me is problematic because the whole thing about Atlantis is that it sank beneath the waves of the Atlantic Ocean.

So, yes, there's some amazing coincidences there, as Jamie points out. But again, I'm going to come down on the side of if there's any reality to this thing. Right. My reading is, and see, people go, oh, well, Randall says Atlantis was the Azores. No, Randall doesn't say that.

What Randall does say that if you look at the 15 or 20 different locations around the world that have been proffered as being, oh, this is Atlantis, or this is Atlantis. I think the one that fits the details of Plato's accounts, almost to a T, is really the Azores. And the Azores are mountain peaks, right? And those mountain peaks have their roots on a, it's called a microcontinent. It's about the size of Iceland, but it's sunk. And how do we know it's sunk?

Well, there's numerous studies, and I get into all of that in that 10 hours or 12 hours that I've done to make the case that if there is a reality to Atlantis, and we look at all of the candidates for where Atlantis was, I think the one that comes down over and over again as being the most plausible would be the Azores. and so but yeah in a few minutes here that we're discussing it here it would be you know again like I said I did 10 or 12 hours right is there any is there any sort of graph or any sort of like aerial image

we could just look at the area of the Azores that you're referring to? Yeah I would have to open it okay can we do that or do we have that? I did not give that to Austin I haven't here okay okay so we're looking at the mid-Atlantic ridge here yes we are and

And if you look over, oh, I'm wanting to sit here with my... Oh, you think you're controlling it. Yeah. Okay, so you see Spain over there in North Africa. Okay, come down over to the land, up north, and then east, right in there between Spain and and Morocco is the Straits of Gibraltar, also known as in ancient times. as the pillars of Heracles. So that is where, let me see, I'm going to put my glasses back on.

Got a cluster fuck over here. Yeah, okay. So now if you go, you'll see two little green spots. Yeah, right where your cursor is now, start slowly moving to the west. Right there you see remnants of former islands. Keep going. And there's your microcontinent, the Azores Plateau, right? there. And then if you keep going, then you'll get to, of course, North America.

And let's see here if I can go back to Plato's. So this is quoting directly now from Plato, from Tameas. Then listen, Socrates, to a strange tale, which is, however, certainly true. This is the Benjamin Jowah translation. Are you on a specific slide here? I'm on slide 43, but I would narrate it if you could keep looking at this slide. Okay. As Solon, who was the wisest of the seven sages, declared, he was a relative and great friend of my grandfather, Dropidas, as he himself says, or maybe Dropidas, as he himself says in many of his poems.

And Dropodos told Cretius, my grandfather who remembered and told us. was giving us the lineage, it goes back to the original tale. So let's see, we'll jump on ahead. Yeah, so then jumping on ahead. We've got the forum near, and Socrates is there, and Temeus is there, and Cretius is there, and several others. Socrates says, very good, he's speaking to Cretius, very good. And what is this ancient, famous action of which Cretius spoke, not as mere legend, but as a veritable action, again, veritable meaning true, which Salon recounted.

So again, another reference to this tale that Salon brought out of Egypt is a true tale. And Cretius says, I will tell an old world story, which I heard from an aged man. For Cretius was, as I said at that time, nearly 90 years of age. And so he goes into, because of time, I'm going to skip over some of this. And let's see. Yes, again, tell us the whole story in how and from whom Salon heard this veritable tradition. Again, that it's true. So then, let's see here.

So Salon now is asking the priests, the elderly Egyptian priests, I'll just read this. This is again from the, the Dejahua translation, Thither came Salon, who was received by them, the Egyptian priests, with great honor. And he asked the priests, who were most skillful in such matters, about antiquity, and made the discovery that neither he nor any other Helene or Greek knew anything worth mentioning about the times of old.

On one occasion, when he, Salon, was drawing them on to speak of antiquity, he began to tell about the most ancient things in our part of the world, about Phronius, who is called the First, and about Niobe. Now, Niobe was the Queen of Thebes, the daughter of Tantalus. And after the deluge, after the deluge, to tell of the lives of Ducalion and Pira, or Pira, and he traced the genealogy of their descendants and attempted to reckon how many years old were the events of which he was speaking,

and to give dates. So then we get into the dating of these things. He says, Thereupon one of the priests, who was of a very great age, said, oh, Solon, Solon, new Helenes are but children. And there is never an old man who is a Helene. Salon, hearing this, said,

What do you mean? I mean to say, replied the old priest, that in mind you are all young. There is no old opinion handed down among you by ancient tradition. nor any science which is hoary with age. Now that's interesting. He makes a reference to a science,

which is hoary, meaning very old and venerable, right? And I will tell you the reason for this. There have been, and this is really, I think, one of the most important lines that has come out of the Western metaphysical tradition. There have been, and will be again, many, destructions of mankind, arising out of many causes. But the greatest have been brought about by the agencies of fire and water,

and other lesser ones by innumerable other causes. Then he goes on to say, this is the preface. Now, this is the preface to the story of Atlantis, which I find extremely significant. There is a story. Now this is still the old priest talking to Solon. He says there is a story which even you, Eulenes that are like children who don't know anything about the past like we do, right?

There's a story which even you have preserved that once upon a time, Faton, the son of Haleos, having yoked to the steeds in his father's chariot, but because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father, burned up all that was upon the earth and was himself destroyed by a thunderbolt. Now, if you're familiar with the myth of Faiton at all, not really?

Faiton was the son of Haleos, but didn't know it. Okay. Okay. So he's there going to his school, and all of the boys are bragging about how great their fathers are, but Faiton didn't know who his father was. So he goes to his mother, and he says, I want to know about my father,

guess you're old enough, I'm going to reveal it to you now. He is nothing, nobody less than the sun god himself. And so Faiton decides that he wants to make this journey to the, to the, you know, to where his father, the son god resides and meet his father. So he goes there, eventually finds the place and in the heavens, right? And then his father is so glad to see him. He says, I will grant you any boon or any promise that you want. Now, the thing about the gods, the Greek gods, is that they have tremendous capacities and powers

that mere mortals don't have. But they also have certain restrictions on them. Like, for one thing, if they make a promise, they're bound to it, absolutely bound to it, right? So Haleo says that he would gladly give Faiton his whatever boon he wants. So then Faiton says, well, I want to drive your chariot. And then Faiton basically, I mean, Haleo says, well, how about anything but not that? Not that.

What kind of chariot did he have? Well, it was a chariot pulled by these great powerful steeds. Okay. So this is actually an extract now from Bullfich's mythology, extracts from the fall of phaeton. And this is Helios now speaking. He says, suppose I should lend you the chariot.

What would you do? Could you keep your course while the sphere was revolving under you? Notice the use of the word sphere revolving, right? This is written, what, 2400 years ago? Right. Perhaps you think that there are forests and cities, the abodes of the gods and palaces and temples on the way. On the contrary, the road is through the midst of frightful monsters.

You pass by the horns of the bull, right? Taurus. Taurus. In front of the archer, Sagittarius, and near the lion's jaws, and where the scorpion stretches its arms in one direction in the crab and in another. So he's describing the plane of the ecliptic, which is also the region of short period comets. Okay.

Nor will you find it easy to guide those horses with their breasts full of fire that they breathe forth from their mouths and nostrils. And so he finally, he gets the chariot, right? The gates open, the steeds run out, pulling the chariot, and immediately realize that the hand on the reins is weak, not powerful and commanding like halios. So then they immediately take off. And so they're running, you know, helter-skelter through the plane of the ecliptic.

And then it goes on, when hapless fate and looked down upon the earth, now spreading in vast extent beneath him, he grew pale and his knees shook with terror. In spite of the glare all around him, the sight of his eyes grew dim. He wished he had never touched his father's horses. never learned his parentage, never prevailed in his request. He is born along like a vessel that flies before a tempest, when the pilot can do no more and betakes himself to prayers. He turns his eyes from one direction to the other,

now to the goal once he began his course, now to the realms of sunset, which he is not destined to reach. He sees with terror the monstrous forms scattered over the surface of the heaven. Here the scorpion extended his two great arms with his tail and crooked claws stretching over two signs of the zodiac. When the boy beheld him reeking with poison and menacing with his fangs, his courage failed and the reins fell from his hand. The horses, when they felt them loose on their backs,

dashed headlonged and unrestrained, went off into unknown regions of the sky, in among the stars, hurling the chariot over pathless place, places, now up in high heaven, now down almost to Earth. The moon saw with astonishment her brother's chariot running beneath her own. So it's passing within the orbit of the moon, is what it's telling us. Wow. Yeah, yeah.

The clouds began to smoke. The mountaintops take fire. The fields are parched with heat. The plants wither. The trees with their leafy branches burn, the harvest is ablaze. But these are small things. Great cities perished with their walls and towers, whole nations with their people, were consumed to ashes.

The forest-clad mountains burned with fires within and without, and Parnassus with his two peaks and road-dope, forced at last to part with his snowy crown. Her cold climate was no protection to skis. Cicthia, caucasus burned, asa impendous and greater than both Olympus, the Alps, high in air. Then Faiton beheld the world on fire,

and felt the heat intolerable. The air he breathed was like the fire, the air of a furnace and full of burning ashes, and the smoke was of a pitchy darkness. He dashed forward, he knew not whither. The Libyan desert was dried up to the condition in which it remains to this day. The nymphs of the fountains with disheveled hair

mourned their waters, nor were the rivers safe beneath their banks. The earth cracked open and through the chinks, light broke into Tartarus and frightened the king of shadows and his queen. The sea shrank up, where before was water it became dry plain, and the mountains that lie beneath the waves

lifted up their heads and became islands. The fishes sought the lowest depths and the dolphins no longer ventured as to sport on the surface. So it goes on. Wow. Describing this great catastrophe. So now, what's interesting about this...

That is a fucking fantastical tale. Isn't that? It is amazing. Yeah, that's why I bring it up. Yeah, so Atlas himself faints and scarce holds up his burden. If sea, earth, and heaven perish, we fall into chaos, ancient chaos, save what remains to us from the devouring flame. O take thought for our deliverance in this awful moment. And so what happens?

Thus spoke the earth, overcome with heat and thirst, could say no more. than Jupiter omnipotent, calling to witness all the gods, including him who had lent the chariot, and showing them that all was lost, unless some speedy remedy were applied, mounted the lofty tower from whence he diffuses clouds over the earth and hurls the forked lightning. But at that time not a cloud was to be found to interpose for a screen to earth,

nor was a shower remaining unexhausted. He thundered, now this is Zeus, and brandishing a lightning bolt in his right hand, launched it against the charioteer, and struck him at that moment from his seat and from existence. Faton, and here's an important clue, right in the myth, Faiton with his hair on fire, fell headlong like a shooting star, which marks the heavens with its brightness as it falls. and Eridonis, the great river, received him and cooled his burning frame. The Italian naiads or nereids reared a tomb for him, and his sisters, the Haleates, as they lamented his fate,

were turned into poplar trees, and on the banks of the river and their tears, which continued to flow, became amber as it dropped into the stream. And also, by the way, according to some of the myths, it was their tears that then caused the great flood. So we have this account. Now, why did I go through all of this? Well, the reason is,

is because if we go back to Plato, what does Plato say? Remember? He says, he says, uh, yes, about the many destructions of man and he says

so this is now this is the preface to the tale of Atlantis there is a story which even you have preserved that once upon a time Faiton the son of Helios having yoked the steeds in his father's chariot but because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father burned up all

that was upon the earth and was himself destroyed as a thunderbolt Now listen to what Plato says. Or this is the Egyptian priests speaking here through Plato. Now this has the form of a myth, but it really signifies a declination, a declining, of the bodies moving around the earth and into heavens, and a great conflagration of all things upon the earth recurring at long intervals of time. So right there he's saying this is why Plato actually begins the account of Atlantis

is by referring to this myth of the earth having this encounter with what is undoubtedly a celestial object. Right. Right. And it sounds like the sun, you know, something to do with it like you said earlier. Parts of the sun coming down and scorching the earth. Well, this is the, this is the chariot that's on fire. Right, exactly. That's coming down.

If you go to slide 65 for a second there, Austin, this is Sebastianio, the fall of fate, and there was many artistic depictions. Getting chills listening to you talk about, recite those stories. Yeah, you just passed it. Or go, yeah, go to 65, okay? And then put it on presentation view so we can get the big picture here. Good. Okay.

So what you see here, this is a, you see up in the upper right-hand corner, there's Zeus about to hurl a thunderbolt. And then you see the chariot with the great steeds plunging down to the earth. And you see poor, hold hapless phaeton falling out of the chariot, right? So this is this idea of the fall, the falling of the chariot, after it's been struck by the thunderbolt. and now go to, let's see, we can go to, let's see, let's see, do I have the quote here from Proclus. Let's see. And this was all.

Okay, okay, here we go. Here's Proclos right here, the commentaries of Proclos on the Temeus of Plato in five books, translated from the Greek by Thomas Taylor, Volume 1, go to slide 68. And this is, this, Proclos is here expressing a very widespread view. 68. You're going up. 68. It should be right there.

Now here's what Proclos is saying when he's commenting on, on Tamaus. And it will be among the number of things which may easily be accomplished. If it is supposed that this phaeton was a comet, which being dissolved, produced an intolerable dryness from vehement heat, for this supposition is generally adopted. Porphyry, therefore, says that certain signs may be assumed from the motion of comets. So what Proclos is saying here is he's confirming the idea

that in the ancient times, that was a belief that the myth of Satan actually referred to a comet. Wow. And this would be the comment that one of the comets during the younger dryest period. Well, I tell you what, now go to the next slide. Austin. Just roll it right on. Okay, the Fall of Faiton by Gustav Morrow.

Now, Gustav Morrow was a very mystically oriented artist who was very immersed into the ancient traditions, occultism, and all of this. Now, take a look at this slide. Very interesting because look what he's showing here. He's showing the fall of Faiton. The lion top left? Yeah. Right, the lion?

What does that? And see the belt, the band there? That is the plane of the ecliptic, right? Okay. See, the plane of the ecliptic is often in astrology and ever so on. It's the belt that wraps around that encompasses the orbit of the sun, the moon, and all the planets. Okay. Right.

Now, you look there and you see the lion. You see Faiton, the chariot falling to it. You see the great serpent rising up, right? the great dragon serpent. Right, right. The great dragon serpent. What's that a symbol of? It's a symbol for, what do you think?

We'll come back to that. It's a symbol of what you see down there to the lower left. See that coming out from behind the, Gustav Moreau wants to make sure that we make the connection. Do you see what that is? Go down there. I can't tell. The left, you got the full moon rising, and then, What's right above the full moon?

A comet. A comet. You got it. So what is the snake a symbol of? The comet. Oh, it looks like the snake's coming up. Remember the Mayan thing? Yeah, you know that, right?

Okay, now, if you could go jump back now, if you still got the age of Leo open, okay, go back. to slide number four. Yep. Dawn of the age of Leo. 12,900 years BP. So this is the Younger Dryus right here. This is the Vernal Equinox at the dawn of the age of Leo right on the cusp of Virgo Leo. So the beginning of the Younger Dryus was at the beginning of the age of Leo, which is represented by the motion of the Vernal Equinox. When you talk about it, everybody's heard the age of Aquarius, right?

Right. Right. The age of, preceded by the age of Pisces, preceded by the age of Ares, preceded by the age of Taurus. Right. This goes into your sacred geometry and the universal language of time.

Sure, absolutely, all of that. So using that as a model for time change, what we got here is that at the beginning, the dawning of the age of Leo, 12,900 years ago, the end of the age of Leo encompassed the Younger Dryas and the dual catastrophes

that ended the Ice Age. Okay. Now, if you go back to Gustav Moreau's painting, he's showing us exactly when the comet came. He's showing us exactly when Faiton's chariot. You see? Holy shit, man. You're blowing my mind over here.

That was my intent. Yeah. Jeez. the amount of synchronicities and coincidences through all of this, all of this is just mind-blowing. I would have to agree with you. So there's the lion. Yeah. For the age of Leo.

Yeah. The comet. The serpent. And now the serpent symbolism is definitely worthy of further explanation. I think I gave, let's see, did I give you? No, I didn't give you that one. Oh, yes, I did. You should have this, if you go, there should be one called Apocalypse 3, ancient legacy.

All right, so go to slide 60. And we're just going to look at some artwork taken from mythology and stories and legends. and we're just going to now spend a whole lot of time. We're going to just kind of go through just so somebody can see that there's this tradition of the slaying of the dragon serpent. So if you go to open Apocalypse 3, Ancient Legacy. God, Dan, this thing is thinking forever, Austin. I will read you a quick quote here.

This is from the book, The Cosmic Serpent. Okay. catastrophist view of earth history by Victor Klub and Bill Napier, 1982. One of the really early books that I read that helped me to really put these pieces together in place, right? So page 192, they're talking about myths, right? And they say the earliest recorded myths are those of combat between a god or hero and a dragon. The dragon was a familiar figure in Greece, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Babylon, India, China, North America, and elsewhere. Usually, he has the form of a winged serpent.

He is a gigantic monster. He spouts fire and smoke, bellows and hisses, he throws rocks, and is the creator of terrible destruction, and his home is in the sky. So the whole premise of this book is that the ancient myths of serpents and dragons where we're referring to celestial events involving comets, asteroids, and impacts on Earth. Whoa. Right? So that's the connection there. Okay.

Right. Right. Okay. The serpent in that drawing, or that piece of art with the line. Yes. And what I was going to get Austin to open was a whole bunch of imagery that I have. Okay. From Mayan stuff, from art, Renaissance art and down mythology, North Mythos.

North, Norse mythology, you know, all of that stuff. But we save that for next time. Right, right. But, yeah, typically there are some of them. I mean, I'm just going to show you since. Okay. See that? Oh, wow.

Yeah. So it's a guy riding like a donkey or something. Yeah. And a serpent coming out of the sky. A serpent coming out of the sky. Yes. And this guy's holding a cross, some sort of a cross? Yes.

Wow. And then let's see, can I go to the next one? A giant serpent coming out of the sky. Yes. It's just a snake. Doesn't even look like a dragon. There's no wings. No.

There's various depictions. Yeah. Let's see. Wow. I can't, let's see. Okay. Wow. There's a lot of this stuff.

And basically what it's showing is this tradition, this long-established tradition of associating dragons and serpents. with things, meteors, fireballs, comets, asteroids, all of this stuff happening in the sky. So, yeah, so it's like in that painting by Gustav Moreau, he's got all of those elements. Right. And he's even giving us the timing.

Right. You know. Which coincides right with the Younger Dryas. Yes. So let's come back to Atlantis after we've taken this little segue. Yeah, right, exactly. We were on. So then I'll go on here.

One more, I'll finish the quote that I was reading from. So the old priest says, now this has the form of a myth, but it really signifies a declination of the bodies moving in heavens around the earth. And a great conflagration of things upon the earth, which occurs after long intervals. They're going to say, the fact is that wherever, the extremity of winter frost or of summer does not prevent, mankind exists, sometimes in greater, sometimes in lesser numbers.

And whatever happened, either in your country or in ours, or in any other region of which we are informed, if there were any actions, noble or greater in any other way remarkable, they have all been written down by us of old and are preserved in our temples. whereas just when you and other nations are beginning to be provided with letters and the other requisites of civilized life. Now this is really, really important right here. After the usual interval, the stream from heaven,

like a pestilence, comes pouring down and leaves only those of you who are destitute of letters in education, so you have to begin all over again like children and know nothing of what happened in ancient times. So he's telling us right there, this idea of repeated destructions. They're talking about cycles. Yes. 25,000 year cycles?

He doesn't give any time for that. But he just says after the usual interval. Right, interval. So they've apparently got some knowledge, some understanding of the, the cycles that you just said. Right. Because it's after the usual interval, the stream from heaven, like a pestilence,

comes pouring down. So, okay. So we're talking about the intervals basically of, of, like, the Leo interval, which was, can you explain what that is, the intervals of the different cycles? So that's basically, ever since ancient times, as early as we can go back, the ancient peoples who were inveterate, obsessed skywatchers, identified these constellations, the 12 known ones, as being unique because they were the ones

that basically all of the movement of the heavenly bodies, the sun, the moon, and the visible planets, all moved within those constellations. Right? Now, in addition to that, the vernal equinox, the equinoxes and the solstices, which are formed like a giant cross in space because they're at right angles to each other.

It's rotating slowly. So the vernal equinox was always, was like considered to be the marker for the beginning of the year. And it was moving. It was not fixed. It was moving, and it's called precession of the equinoxes, because it's moving east to west,

whereas all of the other planetary motion, lunar motion, and solar motion is from west to east. So if you're standing facing the south, looking up in the heavens from the northern hemisphere, all that motion is going to be from west towards the east, except the vernal equinox is in the opposite direction. So roughly, and this is very rough, roughly every 2,000 years, that vernal equinox will be passing through or transiting one of those 12 signs. So like for the last 2,000 years, it's been passing through the constellation of Pisces. Hence, we've been in the age of Pisces.

Right. Now, there's a lot, of course, New Age Wu associated with that. But underlying that New Age woo, there's actual authentic astronomical phenomena, which is the procession of the Equinox, which is simply an intersection point between the plane of the ecliptic and Earth. equator, celestial equator, projected into space. And this is going to get complicated and we'll save this because it requires some graphics for people actually envision it. Right.

Other than the fact that the Earth's axis is, it's not stable. It's doing this. It's moving multiple. It's rotating the sun for one. It's doing the, it's doing the equinox. It rotates on its axe, revolves. The term revolves around the sun. and then it does this processional motion like this.

Which is called the wobble, right? Yeah. Now, if you picture that the Earth's equator is moving with it, and then you project that plane out into space, that great plane is called the celestial equator, and it's moving at the same rate, Earth's axis, whereas the plane of the ecliptic, the orbital plane of the planets,

and the sun and the moon, remains fixed. So the plane of the ecliptic is fixed, the celestial equator is moving like this. So the intersection of those two planes is moving at the same rate as this and this. And that's roughly just a little less than 26,000 years. Wow. Right. Ancient peoples were really obsessed with tracking this motion.

And they were able to measure it very accurately. Oh, yeah, yeah. Which is insane. It's insane. Over such a long period of time. Like, how do you do that? Well, it would take that motion, if you were to try to put it into some understandable form, it's about, it's 50 arc seconds per year. Okay, so what does that mean?

It means that if you look at the whole circle of the ecliptic, it's 360 degrees. Right. Each degree is divided into 60 minutes and each minute is divided into 60 seconds. So if you go 60 seconds times 60 minutes times 360 degrees, you get the total number of arc seconds in the full circle of the ecliptic. And it turns out to be 1,296,000 years. Or, I'm sorry, seconds of arc, right? Procession of the equinoxes is 50 seconds of arc per year. So if I take my calculator and I go,

1,296,000 years. One million, oops. 1,2906,000 years. Right there in the calculator. Right. Okay. You see this, Austin. Okay.

Now, I divide that by 50, and that's how much it moves. There's the number of years it takes to make one full cycle. 25,920. Yeah, just a little less than 26,000. That's one full cycle of the earth swabble. Yes. Equinox. Yes.

The equinox moving through all 12 signs coming back to where started. If we took where it is now and we backed it up, if we went back 25,920 years, the vernal equinox would be in the same position. It would be a cuss between Pisces and Aquarius. And each one of the, what these myths are saying, each one of these full cycles of, 25,900 years, there is a major catastrophe. Probably more than one. More than one. And in fact, I would argue that it's catastrophes associated with the transition of each of the four seasons of the Great Year.

And this was the term, Great Year. Just as there was the... The Great Year is one full rotation of the Equinox. Yes. Okay. At least if you, you know, within the... the arguments of Hamlet's Mill, which I think is credible.

They were the ones who wrote the book Hamlet's Mill in 1969. Giorgio de Santayana and Hertha von Deschand wrote this book. Scholarly tome, very dense, came out in 1969. They make the argument that, and we do know that there was a great year concept in many ancient cultures. They make the argument that the Great Year was ultimately had its roots in the processional cycle, which has come down to us in the ages, you know, the age of Aquarius, the age of Pisces, the age of areas, which is a remnant of that, even though it's been watered down into the New Age woo. Behind it, there is an authentic tradition.

And the belief was is that in the course of that cycle, there were certain, shall we say, points of vulnerability. where our susceptibility to cosmic catastrophe was increased by maybe orders of magnitude. Right. And so if there are these points of vulnerability and we are able to learn from previous civilizations and these myths and all these legends, wouldn't the primary focus of our species to be able to get? get off the planet and become interplanetary to avoid these things. Like what we should be focusing on ways to preserve the species, whether it be avoiding asteroid impacts or comet impacts,

either or that or getting off of Earth for a certain amount. I like both because anything we can do to maximize the probabilities. Now, you know, the DART mission that's just underway is an attempt to rendezvous with an asteroid and deflect it. Right. So that if, to learn and understand the technologies and whereby if we see that object coming towards the earth, and it's on an impact trajectory, we could nudge it so that it misses the earth. Now that would work with an asteroid.

I don't know how well that would work with a comet. How would you do that with an asteroid? How would they do that with an asteroid? All you have to do is nudge it a little bit. So this is what the Dart mission is testing. So we could actually get into talking about that. But yeah, all you need to do is, you know, if you attach a rocket to it. And, you know, again, if you catch it early enough, then just a little bit of a nudge.

Right. Turns a direct hit into a wide miss. Right. It's like the theory of hitting a golf ball. If you, just a millimeter angle difference when you're hitting a golf ball equates to, you know, 50, 100 to 100 yards any direction. Well, there we go. Sure. I believe, yeah, that's pretty much, I think, the idea. I think that's the idea.

Now, but if you're talking about something like the shoemaker, asteroids that, you know, were broken into 21 different pieces and hit Jupiter within the period of a week, how would we deflect 21 comets? We'd be screwed. Right. We would be screwed. Yes, we would definitely be screwed.

So, yes, and that would, to me, make the argument for, and this has actually been proposed, that be a good rationale for a lunar base, where we could offload a lot of our technology and information and things to the moon, thereby perhaps preserving it. Kind of like a hard drive, like a safe, like a safe storage for everything we have. Because if we did get wiped out by something, it would virtually erase us from the planet. It would. If anything like the younger dryus happened now? Yeah. Oh, yeah. I mean, the remnants of human population would be reduced to a stone age existence.

Because isn't it true that it only takes about 100 years for, if you erased human civilization off the face of the earth right now, within 100 years, all of our buildings, all of our structures. everything that we have would be consumed by the earth? All you would have would be... It would take longer than that. Okay. I mean, you know, reinforced concrete structures are going to take probably 400 years to 1,000 years. Okay. But that's just assuming... But 1,000 years is nothing on the scale of things that we're talking about.

Yeah, when we're talking about things from 12,000 years ago. Now, that's assuming, you know, there was that book came out about 10 years ago called The World Without Us, where he kind of goes into talking to engineers and material scientists and all of this and tries to get to the bob what would happen if all of a sudden all people disappeared and human infrastructure was still there what would happen to it over the millennium and pretty much the conclusion was there wouldn't be anything left to speak of after 10,000 years with the exception perhaps of the pyramids Mount Rushmore Mount Rushmore was one I think they mentioned

But, you know, the thing is there, and that's just assuming gradualistic processes, that's not even counting you might have some serious catastrophes. And what I've tried to. So, in fact, there's somebody now who put out a video called Why Randall Carlson is wrong. Oh, really? Oh, yeah, yeah. How does that make you feel? Oh, it doesn't make me feel bad.

I mean, look, I'm totally cool with that. And the reason is that this particular, video basically is just your standard issue response to these kinds of questions. And basically what it boils down to is this. Well, if there was something existing, and of course, what this guy does is he basically takes some quotes of mine out of one of the Joe Rogan podcasts, out of context, and then he kind of contrives his own scenario of what I'm saying, which isn't what I'm really saying.

Right. And then he, you know, yeah, total straw man. Total straw man. That's exactly what it is. But what it's clear from what I watched the video a few months ago was that he had no concept of catastrophism and what the implications of that would be in terms of, you know, because his basic argument was that, well, if there was some civilization, you know, back in the ice age, we would still be finding artifacts and this kind of thing.

Right. To prove that it was there. And this has been a, you know, a rationale that's been proffered by these guys for decades now. That, well, where's the potchards? Where's the evidence, you know? Well, I mean, now, like Graham Hancock, likes to point out, well, we got the evidence, you know. Every year we're learning more and more stuff. He cites Gobeckle-Tepi, right?

Right. Now, now this guy, what he says is, well, he says, He makes assertions like this. He says, well, we know that Stone Age hunter gatherers could build, we're capable of, you know, monumental structures. Look at Gobeckley-Tepe. My first thought is, well, wait a second. You have no idea who built Gobeckley-Tepe.

You don't know. And you're just projecting your own imaginary scenario. Like, wait a minute, nomadic hunter-gatherers, oh, they're fully capable of creating monumental architecture. And I'm like, okay, I guess they've got a lot of spare time and a lot of extra people, not, you know, I mean, hunter gatherers, we know from Stone Age, from multiple, and this guy's in archaeology, she should know better. I mean, nomadic hunter gatherers are typically, you know, just extended families of maybe 40 to 100 people for the most part, right?

to accomplish these kinds of monumental infrastructure workings, you have to have an organized society. You have to have leisure time. You have to have abundant food. You have to have the people that are doing this are not spending their time out. Hunting. Hunting.

Right. No. And why would you do it? What's the motive there? Come on. I'd like to know a motive. You're not consumed by survival. Let's just put it like.

Exactly. And then in the case of Gobeckley-Tepa, you know, it's been buried. Right. And some say purposefully, right? Oh, yeah, yeah. So, you know, why would you do that? Well, I think this, this is my thought, first thought that comes to my mind, because, you know, I've studied nuclear strategy. I've studied, you know, our Cold War doctrines and, you know, the ideas of mutual assured destruction and learning about, you know, all of the different capacities of nuclear weapons and what would happen during the course of a nuclear war. And the first thing that should come to your mind is this, is that, you know, we were talking earlier about Tenguska and, you know, 15 megaton bomb. Well, you drop a 15 megaton bomb, it's going to wipe out anything on the surface. But why, as part of our nuclear doctrine, do we put missile silos underground? Essentially, we bury them. Same with hardened command and control centers.

Isn't it to hide it from, like, aerial surveillance or aerial? No. aerial detonations, aerial explosions, surface explosions of nuclear weapons. Oh. Yeah. So you've got a super hardened missile silo that's, you know, stories underground. Remember in the late 80s when we were developing that new generation of missiles like the Persian 2 missiles, the Trident 3 missiles, you know what they were designed to do?

They were designed to penetrate up to 50 or 60,000. feet into the earth before exploding. Why? Because you had to do that. If you're going to take out a missile silo or a command and control bunker, you've got to be able to explode them underground. If they're buried, they're going to be protected from what's the blast and the fire and everything that's up on the surface. That's why it was done. So now, again, think about the correlations, the parallels between the Tunguska blood, you brought this up yourself. You said, Hiroshima and

Nagasaki were actually detonated in the atmosphere. And the purpose of that, again, is because the radius of destruction is much greater with a... On the surface. On the surface, when you have an atmospheric detonation. Right. So, if you want to preserve a monument from an aerial explosion,

bury it. That's what you do. You'd bury it. Now, if we had the stream, from heaven descending like a pestilence, and that stream of heaven is hundreds of Tenguska objects? You would bury it. You would bury it.

You would bury it, yes. What about the pyramids? Well, yeah, good question. I mean... When were those built? That's a controversial question. You asked me about... Yeah, to say the least, right?

The Sphinx, I think the evidence is pretty solid that the Sphinx has to be older than Old King. kingdom. Because I've looked at this. I've been there. I've examined it firsthand. I've had extensive discussions with Robert Schock and John Anthony West, both. John, when he was still alive, Robert, it's been a while. But yeah, I mean, way back whenever we were, I helped him put on a, a public presentation in Asheville, got way back by 2004, 2003. And we had some very fruitful conversations about, you know, rock weathering rates and limestone exposed to the atmosphere and so on. And, you know, what it boiled down to was that it's really difficult to explain the erosion of the sphinx as being something purely limited to old kingdom times, 43 to 4,500 years ago.

Right. So I think that it's very clear that the erosion on the sphinx is water erosion and is very, very pronounced and would have required some rather extreme, either extreme, shorter lived flooding or longer term. Now, like in Jimmy's account, he's talking about when the Sahara was green. Covered in green, right. There would have been a lot more rainfall during that period of time. Right. So here's the question. Was it prolonged rainfall over thousands of years?

That's one possibility. Or was it intense flooding, much shorter and much quicker, of highly abrasive floodwaters flowing off the Giza Plateau, causing the erosion? Then, if that was the case, at what point can we document any evidence of there being massive floods in that? area and we can but we have to go back 12,000 years right to find those those flood events and those are very vehemently objected those those ideas of water erosion on on the pier on the sphinx those that's frowned upon phryptology does not yeah but not so much by geologists right exactly you know

that's that's the thing so I came across a hilarious meme yesterday I showed you I want to show it to you on here. Okay. Can you pull it up? Yeah. Okay. He's taking him a minute about the ancient pyramids. But anyways, like we were talking about before, we brought the pyramids, you know,

it seems like, like you said, getting everything that we know, you know, to preserve what we have, you know, our humanity to date. The best way to do it to save it from some sort of catastrophe is to get it off the planet somehow. And that would be one way to really maximize the probabilities that it could survive and I think the most logical place for that would be the moon. Right. And do you put any merit to the idea that it could have, that could have already been done, not necessarily to the moon, but there could have been any sort of previous civilizations that thought the same thing. We need to get off this planet. Well, you know, I just, I read to you that quote earlier. Right. About the tree of heaven. right and that there were two branches on the tree of heaven one that the celestial tree one that went to heaven and one to went to earth well that's a that's a fairly common belief this idea that there was this bifurcation of the human species right and that some stayed and some left some stayed and some left so you know how credible is that well you can't prove nothing with the um based on myth alone right you have to find some objective uh

some objective evidence. There's something to, there's something to that idea of humans somehow making it off Earth and, you know, mixing DNA with some sort of other or somehow surviving for millions of years and then coming back to check up on us apes that are still around today. It's a, it's a perplexing idea. Yeah, yeah. This is the meme I wanted to show you. It shows the guy, it shows the ancient Egyptians building the pyramids and says, this is a crime.

He says, yeah, but at least people in the future will appreciate the effort and the skill it took to build these pyramids. Then it shows the girl, people in the future, a girl sitting there staring at the pyramids. Aliens obviously built those. I tend to align with Graham Hancock on this that, you know, we don't need aliens. if we assume that there was some level of advancement in human civilization, we don't need the aliens. Now, which is going to be more credible or difficult to believe, that it was aliens that came from where and came down to Earth and built these things

or helped us build them? Or there was some civilization that had the capability. Super advanced humans. Something, yeah, super advanced. Yeah, something like that. I see, I find that really easier to believe at this point. Now, listen, the whole question of aliens is really complicated and fraught with a lot of different. Conspiracies and everything.

Yeah, of course, yeah. You get discredited instantly. It's still a fun thing to talk about. It's still a fun thing to talk about. Yes, absolutely. And I usually don't go there. Because of that, and I have my own interpretation of the whole E.T. phenomena. And I think we talked about it a little bit.

And at some point in the near future, I'm going to get into that. Because people are always asking me. But I... Well, you see this stuff that's going on today with these crazy aircrafts that are flying all over the place, all over these military battleships and military battleships and military. bases and these things that you can't that modern physics does not allow to happen. These things

moving at incredible speeds passing these military fighter jets and you see that and it just bolsters this discussion it makes it more, it's a mainstream thing to talk about now. Like 10 years ago you would be considered a crazy person to talk about UFOs.

Now it's common thing. Everyone talks about it. It's one of the things that people in the government in the Pentagon has opened up Right, yeah. And, yeah, so that's why I feel like it's time to talk about it. And the one thing I would say for now is that, you know, you've got, for one thing we know that at least a number of some percentages of the UFO sightings are really experimental aircraft. And the Pentagon is perfectly happy to let people believe that it's UFOs if they're trying to keep experimental aircraft secret.

The other is that there are natural phenomena. People like Paul Devereaux have documented things, you know, that fluctuations into geomagnetic field can produce interesting phenomena in the sky. You know, where you have, you know, let's say along fault lines, where you have great masses of, let's say, quartz bearing minerals moving with respect to each other, under with great sheer force, which is what a fault line is. It's a crack in the earth, but unlike a static crack, the two sides of the crack are moving with respect to each other, right?

That movement can set up fluctuations into geomagnetic field that can actually impinge upon people's what they're experiencing and witnessing. It can actually produce visible luminosities in the atmosphere. Many times this has been documented to have happened before. earthquakes, that there will be lights that appear in the atmosphere and things like that. So there's another side of that. Whole other discussion. In fact, I did a discussion with Paul years ago where we talked, got into all of that and it's

recorded somewhere. I'd like to get them back on my show to talk about that further. Now, the third thing is where you'd say, okay, there are authentic. craft of some kind that we have no explanation for, right? So what do people immediately jump to us, oh, it's aliens, it's extraterrestrials, and where did they come from? Well, right. Okay.

Could it be us? That's the thing where I'm saying it's not what people think it is. It's something very different, and you're kind of on the right track. But we'll leave it at that for now. And I'm going to jump back to Atlantis. Okay. and a quote from Plato. So now this is, this again is the old priests talking to Solon.

He says, many great and wonderful deeds are recorded of your state in our histories. That he's talking about this proto-Athenian state that allied with the Egyptians to fight off this incursion of this great Atlantean Empire. Right? He says, many great and wonderful deeds are recorded in your state. in our histories, but one of them exceeds all the rest in greatness and valor. For these histories tell of a mighty power which unprovoked made an expedition against the whole of Europe and Asia and to which your city put an end. And here's the key passage right here.

This power came forth out of the Atlantic Ocean. for in those days the Atlantic was navigable. Okay? Very clear. Came forth out of the Atlantic Ocean. Now, in Plato's day, the Atlantic Ocean was no different than our Atlantic Ocean today. Right. Now listen to this.

And there was an island situated in front of the Straits, which are by you called the Pillars of Heracles. The island was larger than Libyan Asia put together. and was the way to other islands. And from these, you might pass to the whole of the opposite continent, which surrounds the true ocean. Look back up there again. We're looking back at the mid-Atlantic Ridge,

the Atlantic Ocean up by the... Now, he's talking about sailing west from the pillars of Heracles, and there were islands right there in that light gray area. So that would have been, listen, there was an island situated in the fronts of the straits which are called by you the pillars of Heracles and was the way to other islands and from these you might pass to the whole of the opposite continent

and there it is right over there it's almost as if he's saying these Egyptians knew about the presence of North America right yeah which surrounds the true ocean because as he says for this sea which is within the Straits of Heracles, which he's talking about the Mediterranean, is only a harbor,

having a narrow entrance. But that other is a real sea, and the surrounding land may be most truly called a boundless continent. If you go now to slide number 89, Austin. Okay, so here we have Straits of Gibraltar. Okay, we're looking at the Gulf of Cadiz. Yes. Okay. With the Africa on the bottom connecting to the Iberian Peninsula on top and the Straits of Gibraltar going right through the center.

Now roll forward one slide. Now take a look and you'll see the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is very prominent. Right. Okay. And it's really it's one of the weakest areas of crust on the entire. planet. Why is that? Because it's a spreading center. It's where it's where crust is being born. It's the origin of the crust. That's a huge crack there and molten lava issues up from the crack and then spreads laterally. And it's this that's driving the motion of the

tectonic plates, at least within the framework of plate tectonics. Okay. Okay, so now this to what the priest goes on to say. Now, in this island, island is the word of Atlantis. There was a great and wonderful empire which had rule over the whole island and

several others and over parts of the continent. So he's very much distinguishing between the continent and the island. And the island. But then he's saying had rule over the whole island and several others. So it was not limited to a single island, but then, and over parts of the continent. And furthermore,

the men of Atlantis had subjected to parts of Libya within the columns of Heracles as far as Egypt. So, if that was the case, they would have been colonizing the area of northwestern Africa, which is now Morocco, what is now Libya, including probably what is now Mauritania. So if you assume that, it might have not at all been implausible to assume that, you know, Atlantean explorers could have traversed the area of the reach-at structure. Right? Then this vast power gathered into one, endeavored to subdue it to blow our country and yours and the whole region within the Straits.

Okay. And then Salon, your country shown forth in the excellence of her virtue and strength among all mankind, for she was first encouraged in military skill and was the leader of the Helene's. I'm going to jump in the sake of times. So then they have this big war and led by the peoples within the Straits of Gibraltar around the Mediterranean, led by these Proto-Athenians, freely liberated all the others who dwell within the limits of Heracles. So he's describing a very explicit.

You've got this power comes forth out of the Atlantic. It rules over a series of islands. There's one main island, rules over the series of islands, comes within to the Mediterranean, which he describes as just a harbor compared to the real ocean, subdues all of these nations, and then the Proto-Athenians managed to organize them all, they fight off, and they liberate all those others

who dwell within the limits of Heracles. And then afterwards, there occurred violent earthquakes and floods, and a single day, night of rain, all your warlike men in a body sank into the earth. So in other words, he's referring now to something that's happening into Greek Peninsula, right? And the island of Atlantis in like manner disappeared and was sunk beneath the sea. Now to me that is pretty explicit.

You got an island, there were earthquakes, it sank beneath the sea. Right. There's no ambiguity there. And that part of where the eye of Africa is, that was never completely underwater? No. Not since probably Cretaceous times, because our Cretaceous limestones there, which shows that it was then underwater. Right, okay. Like 60 million, 70 million, 80 million years ago.

Now, great. Now, Jimmy is absolutely right when he talks about water flowing over. And I discussed that in my discussion of the recat structure, that there is evidence that there was these tremendous floods flowing over, and that's probably why the structure is exposed as it is. Because these floods would have ripped away the bedrock concealing it and exposed the core of this ancient, Plume.

Plume. Volcanic plume. Yeah. So, I mean, there's so much here we could get into. Yeah, it's lengthy. It's a lot. It's a lot. And anybody who finds this captivating and they want to learn more about this,

I highly recommend you to episode nine of Randall's podcast. Well, that's the one that specifically addresses the recad structure. There's many episodes that talk about it. I think I've got five episodes. leading up to that six maybe, a couple hours each. And I go into all the geology, the geography and oceanography, like we were doing here a line-by-line analysis of Plato's account, plus a few other peripheral accounts, you know, Herodotus and Proclos and so on.

Right. It's called Cosmographia with a K. With a K. Right. I like words with a K. Okay, me too. Well, that's the Greek spelling. The Greeks, the cosmograph.

Oh, is it really? Yeah, cosmography in the English spelling starts with the C. Okay. But it comes back from like Renaissance times, and it was the study of, you know, the study of big things. It included geology, astronomy, geometry, geography, all of that. So the cosmographer was the one who would try to understand and comprehend basically all the knowledge of their day.

Interesting. Yeah. Well, Randall, we've hit about three hours and 15 minutes. Oh, wow. Then we should probably get on our way. Thank you so much for doing this, man. I could do another three hours, but we'll have to save that for episode two. We'll do that.

Give me another excuse to get back. Yeah, absolutely, man. Tell everyone where they can research more. more of your work online. Well, okay, a couple of places. Just Randall Carlson.com will be the gateway to a whole bunch of stuff. I'm also partnering with a new internet platform called How Tube, which I think could be an important player in the next few years

because of their opposition to censorship, their desire hour, I'll say, because I'm partnering with them, to provide a forum more or less censor-free, censorship-free. and yeah, so we're getting new content up all the time. And the other thing is, you know, organized, we're actually looking at organizing a tour to the Azores next year. Ooh. That would be an Atlantis tour.

Ooh. Yeah. Yeah. So we'll see how that pulls off. Well, it would be. So, you know, we've got a tour coming up in March, which is going to be not far, it's going to be up on the Cumberland Plateau of eastern Tennessee.

and there was a remarkable landscape hiding beneath the forests of eastern Tennessee. And the idea is to take people up there, and it's multiple, multi-purpose. One is going to be to show people that there are these landscapes hidden from view. Now, when we go out in eastern Washington, we look at the scablands, these are landscapes that are pretty much visible to the eye. And I wish we'd have time to get into some of that tonight because it's so extraordinary. You know, when you see the effects of hundreds of millions of cubic feet of water ripping across the landscape. Right. What, you know, in the aftermath of that is pretty extraordinary.

Well, when you go up in eastern Washington, western Montana, that area up there to Pacific Northwest, that evidence is very spectacularly displayed. And you've got a semi-arid climate in eastern Washington. So, you know, the coolies and the great boulder trains and things like that, are pretty much exposed to view, right? You get to other parts of the country, and unbeknownst to most people, and this is why we're going to eastern Tennessee,

when you look beneath the canopy of vegetation, you see the same type of features. Really? Not quite on the same scale, but still spectacular. You know, cataracts is a thing that is produced by these gigantic water flows. And one of the things that I've been developing in our podcast,

series is that I'm showing how all the major rivers of North America are what are called underfit streams or underfit rivers, which means that the rivers are flowing in channels that are way supersized relative to the modern river that's flowing in it. And the old thinking about that is we've got this big channel and it formed over millions of years erosion, but we know now that's not how they form. they formed by these gigantic catastrophic water flows that left these huge channels within the earth's crust, and the modern rivers are just using those.

I mean, you name any river, and I can almost show you that it's an so-called underfit river. So, like, when I grew up in Minnesota, I've told this story about how I was at a summer of 1969, I was at a rock concert on the bluffs overlooking the valley of the Minnesota River. And I saw something there that made an impression on me, was the phenomenon of scale and variance. So I looked at the small, small, it's a pretty good-sized river,

but down below me, hundreds of feet below these bluffs I was standing on was the modern Minnesota River. And I could see that it was flanked by small bluffs on either side. and then three miles across, I saw another set of bluffs matching the 250-foot-high bluffs that I was on, right? And I was probably in an altered state of consciousness at the time. Probably. Probably, yes. Which maybe made me look at things in a slightly different perspective.

But I remember thinking, it was like what I was looking at this little ribbon of this river down below me was, was, sort of, you know, recapitulated in this huge valley that I was looking into. And I kind of forgot about it for years until, you know, maybe a decade later when I started really learning about catastrophism and giant floods and stuff. And then I came back to that. There's been studies now made that, you know, I remember I was doing a lecture and I had a, he was not a geologist, he was a photographer, but he had a degree in geology. And I, and I, I remember, I was doing a lecture. And I, he was a, he was a, he was a degree in geology. And I was explaining how I looked at this valley and I thought maybe there was a giant catastrophic flood that came through there. And that was my first impression, my first

awareness of scale and variant phenomenon in the realm of geology. But then he goes, no, no, no, no, that was produced over, you know, tens of thousands or millions of years. You know, that was, there was no big, right? And I said, um, I, um, I, I don't remember his name. John, his name was John. I said, John, I think you're wrong, but I couldn't make a good, solid argument. So this would have been, you know, early 80s. So that was really a trigger for me, and that was one of the things that actually made me pursue formal geological studies, right?

Wow. Of course, now. So that was sort of the seed for this voyage you've been on. Yeah, it was a, it was a, it was a, it was a, it was a, it was a, it was a, it was. kind of, it annoyed me and I thought, I knew I was right. I knew I was right. Now, since then, I've gone back, I've visited and traversed that river valley. I took Graham Hancock along portions of that river valley. And as it turns out, yeah, it was a gigantic glacial meltwater flood that came through there. Geologists that have studied it actually call it glacial River

Warren. The peak discharge of glacial River Warren, was approximately 4,000 times greater than the modern Minnesota River that flows through the valley. So if you took the modern river times 4,000, that was the volume of glacial river Warren. It's a fuck ton. It's a... Yeah. Yeah. So, yeah, I mean, there's so many things we could get into here.

But anyhow, so if you go back and you look at the North American continent, The majority of rivers in North America are underfit rivers. And I've got several episodes, multiple episodes, of the Cosmographia podcast where I'm getting, showing the LIDAR maps and everything, where you don't really see so much from the surface, but when you look under the surface, you see these enormous features that are these gigantic things

that are on such a grand scale that, you know, until the last generation or two, We were totally oblivious, but I'll put it this way. And I don't think this is hyperbole. There is, right now, engraved into the surface of this planet, a script that tells a story about these gigantic cosmic events, which our planet has been involved in. And for 12,000, 13,000 years, this engraved script has been lying beneath our feet,

unbeknownst to us. But memories of these events have come down through us through myth, legend, folklore, and so on. And now we have the technical means to see things that previous generations couldn't see. And now that we're seeing things on a planetary scale, and we've got satellite photography, and we've got aerial photography,

and now things like ground-penetrating radar and LIDAR, and the list goes on, we have new eyes, and we're now in a privileged position where we can actually begin to read that script that's been waiting for us, been waiting to be rediscovered for 12,000 years. And now it's happening. And that's what my podcast is mainly about. Well, it's fascinating, man.

Like I said, I've been listening to six to seven hours of it straight. I still got a long way to go. And I highly recommend it's hard to stop. Once you start listening to it, it's almost impossible to stop. just like any of the podcasts that you've done in the past, on Joe's podcast or anything else, it's fascinating. And I'm so happy to see that it's becoming more of a mainstream interest to people.

So anybody, you know, who wants to know more, just randlecharltson.com, you'll find out about all the stuff that we're doing and the tours we're planning that are coming up. So if you want to get involved in any way, There's multiple ways people who would like to get involved some way or another. You know, because I see this is, you know, like I mentioned how to, and we've got a really incredible team, a group of content creators

that are coming together under the How To Banner. I don't know if you know Mark who does the after school animations, really incredible stuff. Yeah, so we're going to be, we're going to, there's this network coming together. And you're now, whether you're like and right, you're part of this network. Perfect. I'm ready to go to the Azores. Yeah.

Okay. Maybe you'll join us just to Tennessee. Yeah, absolutely. That'll be much quicker and cheaper, but it'll be fun. Hey, I'll pay my own way to go to the Azores. I got all the underwater camera, cementography equipment we need. All right. All right.

Well, we've reserved 20 rooms at the new resort that's just being finished in January at Falls Creek, Falls, which is, and we got a couple of cabins and we're going to be, and leading up to it, in the, in the probably six weeks leading up to it, we'll do a series of Zoom conferences where we're kind of, you know, briefing everybody on what we're going to be doing, what the objectives are, some of the background to understand the science and the, the geology and all of this. Right. And then I think it'll be five days.

Okay. And we'll have two big, Tennessee. Tour vans. Yeah, Eastern Tennessee. and revealing the landscape that's hidden under this canopy of vegetation. Well, that sounds fucking fascinating, man. I would love to be a part of that. Oh, you can, man.

And Austin can be too. Austin, you're coming. He'll probably be somewhere on the other side of the planet. Okay. One last thing I'll mention is that there is a website out there that I was once affiliated with, and it's no longer due to multiple issues. I had to break away from it. It turned, it was, it was launched ostensibly to be a showcase for my work and it turned into, the webmaster turned it into his own soapbox to promote conspiracy theories.

Oh, really? Oh, yeah. And what was that? Sacred Geometry International. Oh, really? Yes. So he continues to fraudulently use my name, my face to sell my work. I receive no money and have received no money in over three.

years now. But if you go to the website, you'll totally think, yeah, this is Randall's website, and I'm going to donate, I'm going to buy this, it'll go to Randall. It doesn't. It's too bad because it started out good, but then along the way, it just, it's not what it appeared to be. And turned into a con job. Yeah. Yeah. That's fucked up. It is. Well, the sacred geometry thing is a whole other can of worm that I'd love to dive into next time. We will. Because that just your video on YouTube, I think it's like a two-hour video of you presenting sacred geometry. I think it's to some sort of universities to students and you're doing a presentation. And that is enthralling on its own.

Just talking about the dodecahedrons and how that correlates into the cosmic, the universe. Yeah. It's fucking amazing. It is. It is amazing. And that's some of the stuff that, you know, you can trace back and you go its origins, appear to be very ancient. There's so many things that go back to the very beginnings of recorded history that just don't make sense unless there was something preceding that. Right. You see? Right.

So. Well, hopefully we get into it in the next one. We will. Or Randall, thank you so much for your time. Thanks for having me, Danny. I appreciate it. Okay, man. I enjoyed it. Goodbye, world.