Danny Jones Podcast - #310 - The Recent Asteroid Impact NOBODY is Talking About | Chris Cottrell

Episode Date: June 19, 2025

Watch every episode ad-free & uncensored on Patreon: https://patreon.com/dannyjones Chris Cottrell is a geoscience researcher and creator of the Dabbler's Den YouTube channel. Chris has spent over two decades exploring the geological mysteries of these elliptical depressions along the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain. SPONSORS https://stopboxusa.com/danny - Get firearm security redesigned & save 10% with code DANNY. https://whiterabbitenergy.com/?ref=DJP - Use code DJP for 20% off EPISODE LINKS https://x.com/dabblersden Chris' YouTube channel: @DabblersDen FOLLOW DANNY JONES https://www.instagram.com/dannyjones https://twitter.com/jonesdanny OUTLINE 00:00 - Malcolm Bendall's thunderstorm generator 03:37 - Carolina Bay craters 16:27 - LIDAR topography 23:10 - Evidence for cosmic impacts across America 32:23 - Younger dryas impact hypothesis 36:59 - 2012 Chelyabinsk meteor airburst 45:41 - When were the Carolina bays formed? 52:21 - Pleistocene transition tektites 57:41 - Hal Povenmire & tektites 01:02:37 - Underwater craters 01:20:20 - Academic response to Carolina Bays 01:36:06 - Using AI to analyze the past Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

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Good to see you too, man. Yeah, yep. The last time we saw each other, we were at the Cosmic Summit. Yeah. You guys had just rolled in, and I presented, like, first thing in the morning, and I think, I don't know what time you guys came out,

but it was probably, like, 9, 10 o'clock, something like that. And so I caught you guys in the hallway, and I had my, like, my elevator pitch ready to go. Like, I got to go talk with Danny, man. We got to get this taken care of. And right when I was actually talking with Steve and and and and right when I started like, you know, getting into it. George Howard shows up with Malcolm Bendal. Oh, yeah.

And with his with his, uh, thunderstorm generators. And, uh, yeah, that kind of stole the show. So. Oh, my God. What a crazy fucking situation that is. Yeah. That whole thunderstorm generator and all that stuff they got going on. Yeah.

I was actually with you guys when we went to go see those thunderstorm generators. Oh, really? He was there telling us all about it. Yeah. I got a couple pictures of them. of you guys checking those things out. What were your thoughts? Wild shit, man. I don't know. I don't know what to think of it.

I know it's crazy. It's hard to comprehend what's going on there. Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's kind of where I was at with it too. I was really hoping to get there and like just have the full picture and kind of understand the whole thing. Yeah. You know, I'm a science educator. And so my job is to take like complex scientific ideas and break them down so that, you know, 17 and 18-year-old kids can understand it. And I'm just having a hard time with that one.

Right. So I kind of get like the premise. I kind of understand like what's happening with and why they call it like the thunderstorm generator where it's bringing in hot air from one side and cold air from the other side. And it was actually Bob Grenier that kind of kind of helped me understand it a little bit better with the ball lightning that's taking place inside of it. And that's what's happening. But yeah, I don't know. I didn't get the, yeah, I kind of, do you remember going to the mall when you were little in seeing, and seeing like the rainbow salesman, the vacuum cleaner guys?

Oh, yeah, of course. They're still there. Yeah. I kind of felt like we were trying to get, you know, trying to get a rainbow sales. So, so. Yes. Yeah. It was neat.

Like I said, I just, I was really hoping to leave there with like a much better picture of what was happening with that thing and I didn't see it. Yeah. Yeah. It's definitely a really, it's a lot going on there. And there's a lot to understand. And yeah, we'll see. We'll see what happens.

Yeah. We'll see if I figure something out. So you teach, where do you teach? What do you teach? Well, so I teach in coastal Georgia. And I teach, for like 23, 24 years, I've been teaching environmental science and earth systems. Okay. And so, you know, what we're going to talk about today is like right down my alley.

You know, it's something that I've been focusing on for a really long time. And like I said, my job as an educator is to take those complex ideas. and break them down for high school kids understand. And even like with the thunderstorm generator, you know, the same thing with the Carolina Bays. Like once we get into it, it's like, that's not adding up. Like they're not following those scientific processes to come up with the, you know, a correct explanation for how they're formed.

And so that kind of started this whole thing off with me with the Carolina Bays. But, you know, that's what I, you know, I teach, like I said, I teach kids. And, you know, the whole thing is about. the, you know, the scientific process. And, you know, that's kind of where I've been focusing on it with the Carolina Bays. So what are the Carolina Bays? So they're elliptical depressions that we find all over the eastern coastal plain from, from south, you know, from just under New York, all the way down through the Carolinas, through Georgia. There are a few in Alabama. And then you kind of, you kind of don't see very many of them until you get to around Nebraska.

And then they pick back up in Nebraska. And so you have these elliptical-shaped depressions in Nebraska. So they're all very similarly shaped. They all have this elliptical orientation to them. The orientation itself is actually pointing towards the Great Lakes of Michigan, which is kind of a telling sign of what they could be. They're elliptical and they're pointing to. towards the Great Lakes of Michigan.

Yeah, yeah. What do you mean pointing? Like they are oriented towards. They all have that. Oh, okay. So they're like they're egg shaped kind of. Well, they are perfect ellipses. Most of them are you can actually mathematically outline them.

And they are perfect ellips. And the orientation itself. Had they actually been like measured? Yeah, yeah. There's a guy we'll talk about Michael Davies. He's been, he's measured over 70,000 of these things. Wow. Yeah, and measured them, you know, labeled them.

He actually has a survey, the used to be called the Carolina Bay Survey, but now it's the Ovoid Basin's survey because he started included some depressions that we find in Texas and things like that. They're not all Carolina Bays. Plus, we got the ones in Nebraska, too. So, you know, we really need to get away from calling them Carolina Bays when they're, you know, found all over the place. Right. Right. So what is the conventional explanation for what these are?

Well, so the conventional explanation is that they are, well, first of all, there have been quite a few hypotheses on what they could have been. Back in the 1930s, and I've got an image here, but back in the 1930s, when we finally had people flying in airplanes and being able to look down onto the ground overall, they first discovered them in places like Myrtle Beach. they started finding them in like the Cape Fear River Valley and they would start to take surveys they would start to take a bunch of pictures and back then that's all they had was like aerial photographs and then they would paste them all together and even back then this was back in the 1930s

and they originally thought that these were created by meteors they thought that this was a cosmic event George Howard has a story about his boss when he was working in working on, I think it was in the Senate. And his boss, the senator, had property that had a whole bunch of these Carolina Bays on it. And he told him the whole story about how, yeah, back in the 30s and 40s, man, they thought that these things were meteor holes.

And they'd all go out and start looking for meteors, but nobody ever found any. And so that kind of pushed the thinking towards more of a uniformitarianism process. Like, well, if they're not meteors, then they must be, you know, something. more terrestrial. It must be something, you know, because that's what uniformitarianism is, is that, you know, the terrain changes one gust of wind and one grain of sand at a time. And so the whole thought process shifted away from a catastrophic event to it being more of a terrestrial or uniformitarianism process to create these things. And that's kind of where they're at with the now, even today, you know, 100, nearly.

100 years later, they still, here, these are some of the hypotheses that they had come along with, you know, from the 1930s to now. And there's a list of them here, like spring basins, you know, at one time. Is that, in the very top right, is that one of the Carolina Bays? No, no, it's not. That's, what is that? I think that's a crater. I think that's actually a crater. That's an actual crater. Yeah. There are some people that think that they were beaver dams. And again, we're still going back and forth. This whole time from the 1930s until really the 1970s, it was back and forth, back and forth with terrestrial versus catastrophic explanation for how they formed. Extraterrestrial bays.

Yeah. Yeah. So, you know, some people even thought that they were beaver ponds that were like super flashed from a bolide event that took place and like flash steamed the ground causing these. Some people thought that they were giant fish or whales or something, you know, swimming around in circles and, you know, making nests in the terrain of South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia. And, yeah. Are there no, there's no nothing that looks like this anywhere else in the world? Yeah, I mean, there are, there are oriented lakes found all around the world. And this happens a lot where a lot of times you oriented lakes get brought into the conversation to dismiss these Carolina Bays being.

so symmetrical. And, you know, I just, the presentation that I gave this past summer was called pseudo-Carolina Bays because when you start looking at the Carolina Bays themselves, they're so numerous. There's so many of them that, you know, they're the dominant feature. Like, they are the dominant feature on the East Coast. I would say maybe even second to, like, the rivers that flow along the coast. And so, you know, I've got a bunch of examples. Can we see the ones that are used to just to discredit the Carolina base? Yeah. So they say that, uh,

and how do they use those other ones that are, and where are they also? So most of the time, so there, there's a couple different kinds. Like I said, the presentation I gave the summer, I kind of went through all of them, went through a whole bunch. Mm-hmm. And so, so here's a list that I, that I put together of, of the different Carolina, or the different oriented lakes that oftentimes get used as, nations for the Carolina Bays. I'll go back later and talk more about what the current is,

current hypothesis is. But they're not, none of them are ellipses, none of them have raised rims. Yeah. So we have a bunch of different types. Like this is a big one. The Thermocars Lake hypothesis is that and we do find these. You can see the images right here. We do find them up in the Arctic Circle. Yeah. In Alaska, you find them over in Russia. You also find them down in South America, like like very South America. But they all occur in places where you have permafrost. And so permafrost is permanently frozen soil. And that means it is frozen like all year long.

Only the very top layers thaw out during the summertime. The water pools in those areas. And then the wind blows them. And they start to form these circular shapes. But I wouldn't call any of those really elliptical. Now we, this is an area in Alaska. That's wild. Yeah, yeah.

This is an area in Alaska. And I could see if you were just, you know, scanning things. through these images, you're like, oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, that's what formed a Carolina Bay. But the areas where we find these Carolina Bays are nothing like this. And even during the middle of the Ice Age, even during the middle peak part of the last Ice Age, there was no, there wasn't permafrost like this. And so, and that's, that's the time frame that they were saying that these were formed, the Carolina Bays were formed. That really helps when you look at it with a LIDAR. And it's something that I want to kind of focus on today is just the use of this

LIDAR and how much it should be progressing the research on Carolina Bays. So this right here is an image of the thermocarslakes in Alaska using LIDAR. And we don't see the same features that we see with the Carolina Bays. Like we don't see the raised rims that you would see with all those Carolina Bays. We don't see that perfect elliptical shape. And the orientations are all kind of off. And they kind of bleed in together too. So when you compare that to place.

places like this. And this is in South Carolina. It's close to McIntyre Air Force Base. And again, this is just using Google Earth, which, you know, 20 years ago we didn't really have. And so within the past 20 years, we've had Google Earth. And now within the past like 10, 10 to 12 years, we can add the LiDAR to the terrain itself. Oh, wow. And now we see how many of these elliptical depressions completely covered. They're everywhere. They're so random, too. They're everywhere. So these are Carolina Bays.

And they're not all the same shape. They're all different and little. So this is kind of a, it's, it's almost, the terrain is, the terrain is steep right here. So, so the Carolina Bay is formed a little bit differently here just because of how they, we think that these were catastrophic, um, ice ejecta. And we can get into that in a few minutes. But, um, but, but the terrain. here having that steepness to it causes it to deform as being formed. Another example that they

often get confused with is the Ply Lakes or the, we find these in Texas. You also find them in places like Australia. You always find them. Interesting. Yeah, yeah, you always find them in river basins or areas where you had sheet flooding, where a tremendous amount of water flood flooded over the terrain like you find in Texas. Here's an area in Texas. This is the city of Amarillo. And when you look at the LIDAR of that area.

Now again, these are Ply Lakes. These are Oriental lakes that were created from water as water flowed over this plane at the time. So these probably formed before all of this. This was all underwater? A long time ago. A long, long time ago. How long ago? I'm not sure. I'm not sure.

I don't know about Amarillo how far up there was. But this is formed. And basically what happens is, well, I can go back to how they're formed here, where you have, it's usually very arid areas and you have lower water tables. And so when it rains, the water pools up in areas, and then it dries. And so you get these cracks. And so the next time it rains, the water quickly goes into the cracks, fills it back up.

And then, you know, so you do end up with these, like, circular depressions that we see. right you know here makes sense but you also see that all of them have like a low point where there's some of them still have water in them right but yeah those aren't carolina bays okay they're they're um they're play play it playa legs okay uh here's another area in south carolina again these are going to be carolina bays this is close to shaw air force base i should probably stop focusing on like areas around air force bases but is there any is there what what is the to you, what is the biggest smoking gun that these are meteor impacts? I've always had a problem with keeping a firearm in reach and safe around the kids.

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the two pack, which saves over 30% and comes with free accessories and shipping. That's 10% off and a big bundle discount when you use the code D-A-N-N-Y at Stopboxusa.com. Discover a better way to balance security and readiness with Starbucks. I don't think they are meteor impacts. What do you think they are? I don't think they are. So what I think they are. And again, I can go all the way back to that original slide with the catastrophic versus the uniformitarianism explanation.

I do think that they formed very quickly catastrophically. But now, like I said, we have better, we have the better technology now with the Google Earth. We have the LiDAR, all these things added together. Yeah. Look at this Pinellas County. Yeah. Well, I went ahead and made that for you. That's cool.

Yeah, this is the area. This is here, right? This is... What the fuck was that? Oh, bless you. I was like, what was? This is the area around St. Pete. Yeah.

And again, this is just showing the importance of the LiDar. I mean, there are so many people here, dude. There are so many people in this area. This is more of the most populated counties ever. I swear, dude. They're everywhere. It's like 3 million people here. I can't believe it.

After the pandemic, it's filled up. But now, after we had just got hit by her two hurricanes, people are starting to leave again. No, they're there. I took it right down to the beach, man. They're everywhere. That's ridiculous. It's not nearly as bad as it was two years ago. I promise you that.

Yeah. So anyways, again, this whole area is completely urbanized, right? You've got houses. You've got highways and roads. And you can't see anything that used to be there 200 years ago. This is not there anymore. But when you click on, when you use the LIDAR, even in areas like this that are super populated, it really highlights like the ground. Whoa.

It highlights what the ground actually looks like. Holy crap. Yeah. Now, this is all done by Michael Davies. He, well, we'll talk about him later on because it's kind of a big deal with some of these hypotheses. Look how low that peninsula is. Yeah. Look at Tampa.

That's where Patrick's, or not Patrick, McDill Air Force Base is right there. Got a nice golf course over there. Yeah. That shit would be all underwater. Yeah. And it does go underwater when you have like hurricanes. Oh yeah. No, it was underwater a couple months ago.

Right, right. And you can actually use maps like this to see like, well, where are the safest places to be? Right. It's coming. That's wild. Can you punch in on that a little bit? I can't with this. No, because it's an image.

Okay. I could if you wanted to. I mean, the access to this LIDAR. Look at that freaking cut going all the way through. Okay. So the peninsula. Yeah, yeah. So that cut was.

formed the last time sea levels were a lot higher, which was 125,000 years ago. It's called the Emion. So 125,000 years ago, sea levels were actually higher than they are today by about nine meters, I think, about 30 feet. And that's 30 feet doesn't seem like a big deal, but when you start looking at how flat these areas are, that's a huge deal. 30 feet. My house is 30 feet above sea level, so it'd be right at my house. Right at your door, yeah. So, and, you know, I don't, we're not going to docks you here, but you're probably somewhere on. You can tell by looking at it. Yeah, you're probably somewhere on one of those higher up areas.

And so what Michael Davis is done. You see that our studio is right at that, like right on the, like you see the outer barrier island there. It's like right right over here. Very far left, all the way to the very edge by the Gulf. Okay. So the barrier island is there. And then immediately across the bay you have, you have red.

So that's where we are right now. Yep. Yeah. So yeah. And I went down to Indian Rock's Beach earlier. And so I was at the beach today, you know, and went up in elevation. to get to the studio. Right.

And you can see that with this. What Michael Davies has done is he's taking USGS LiDAR, and he has color coded it by meters. Have you ever used a topographic map before? Yeah. Yeah, so topographic maps, they have lines, and you have to know how to read the lines, and each line is a certain distance above or below the elevation.

Right. And what he did is he actually made this color code where each color is one meter higher. And so you start off with blue, and you go one meter, one meter, one meter all the way up to 10 meters, and then it starts over. So as you're going from blue up to this next blue, that's 10 meters, right? So all the way around. So this blue right here is 10 meters above sea level.

If you keep going up, you would end up at 30 meters above sea level. Oh, okay. So it's really interesting because it shows you not just where the elevated areas are, but if you know how to read it, you can actually measure how high they are based on the color codes, which is super helpful. So purple could either be below sea level or nine meters above sea level. Well, the blue is always going to be the sea level. So the very bottom blue is like zero.

But it's like purple at the very, very bottom. Where are you looking at? At the bottom of your little graph. Oh, oh, well, that's because it starts back over here. Oh, okay. Yeah, yeah. So we start there. This is actually zero right here.

Got it. And it starts back over here. So if you just focus on red, for instance, that red is right there. We see another red right there. So that's another 10 meters above where the first red was. Right. And in these really flat areas, that's really helpful, right? If you go to the mountains with this LIDAR, it's really confusing.

It's just color, you know, colored all the way up. But a lot of these areas where we find Carolina Bays are super flat, super flat. And so having a LIDAR like this that you can, and I access with this, this with Google Earth. You can go right on to Google Earth. It's, you can actually, it's free. All of your listeners can log on to Sintos.org and download this program and use it with your, your own Google Earth. It's really neat. That's so crazy, man.

Yeah. Yeah. That's interesting. That big cut that it's going right through. Yeah, again, so. It's like a big river just going right through. Well, because it was a big river. It was, you know, last time sea levels were higher, water flowed through here. And now the whole area has been lifted up.

I'd have no clue what's here now. I can go back. Oh, look at that. Yeah. Is there a channel there or maybe a ditch or something? I don't know. Yeah. No, it looks like they're, um, there, I think, think there is a little river that might flow all the way through there. That's wild.

It's probably a drainage ditch or something now. Yeah, it's probably drainage, right, exactly. But that's only because it's so low that water's draining through that anyways. Right, right. And that big circular area is interesting too. Right, so this was a barrier island. You said that a minute ago. That was a barrier island 125,000 years ago when sea levels were higher.

God damn, that's interesting. It is cool. I would love just explore the entire United States on the LIDAR. You can. Like I said, Sintos.org, he has the entire Continental U.S. color-coded a map just like this.

What is it? Centos. C-I-N-T-O-S. Here, I think I got it. Yeah, I've got it on this slide right here. This is Michael Davis right here. He's the guy. Okay.

He, as a computer scientist, and he's actually turned his processing skills towards geology and mapping these Carolina Bays using this ladder. So you see all those red dots. He's actually gone in, measured, um,

oriented and, and mapped every single one of these Carolina Bays that we find on the terrain. Yeah. It's, it's, it's really impressive. I,

so what did he find? What, what's, uh, so you said, oh, going back, you said you don't think they're,

I don't think, you don't think they're common impacts. I do not think, I think that they're the result of a single common impact. You need it's ice? Not, not common impact. I would say actually,

uh, an asteroid impact, but, um, I think it's just ice fragments? Yes, but, yeah,

secondary ice, fragments from Michigan. All of these have orientation back to the Great Lakes, back to Michigan. Right. So a comet hit or an asteroid hit the Great Lakes ice cap and then ejected just tons of fragments of ice south. That's what I, or something like that happened. Yeah. And then I'll get to that. Just while I'm on it, I don't know if we're still showing that. But yeah, so this is the train that we see now. The LIDAR really helps when you get up to these really flat areas in the middle part of, middle part of Georgia. And like I said, I do think that these are the result of some kind of cosmic impact into an ice sheet at some point in the past. That's the debatable part to me,

is like when did it happen? We'll talk about that, I'm sure. But yeah, you know, this page right here just shows kind of the whole story written in the landscape where you've got the Carolina bays all on the east coast. The entire coastal plain is covered with them. You go across to Nebraska, like this image right here shows you. All these are the Carolina Bays. All the way on the other side, Nebraska, you've got these elliptical shape depressions that are oriented in the opposite direction of the Carolina Bays,

but they're all oriented to the same place on a map. How so? Like these right here, if we line them up, they line up right above Michigan, right above Michigan. Oh, okay, so you're saying the shape of the ellipse is oriented towards the same direction. Interesting. Oh, wow, go back to that last one.

Oh. Now, again, a lot of this. Yeah, the larnetide ice sheet is the name of the ice sheet that was over Canada. Basically, whenever we're in an ice age, and we go through ice age, just over and over and over again. Right. And every time that we go into an ice ice piles up on top of Canada, and the sea levels drop tremendously. They drop really, really low. The last time they dropped, it was like 400 feet lower than it is today. So you go down to the beach, take a boat, go out as far as you can. go until the death readers were even 400 feet lower and that's where the beach was.

That's far. Yeah. And 20,000 years ago, that's where it was at. And it is far. It is far. It's especially here because the Gulf is shallow. Yes. Yes.

Yes. Yes. Golf of America. Yeah. That's actually why I had to go to the beach today to get a picture of the Gulf of America. But yeah, yeah. And another interesting thing, too, is when you get to where they all cross, this is the actual bedrock geology of Michigan.

And I don't, to me, that looks like a bullseye. Like that, the ring-shaped bedrock geology. Each one of these different colors is a different type of bedrock. And that's basically, it's a basin. It's called the Michigan Basin. Right. And basins form, the law of original horizontality says that like sand lays in flat layers. Like it's originally laid out flat.

And then if something were to lift it up or cause it to sink, it has to happen afterwards. And so for this to be a basin. and it had to have formed flat, and then at some time after it was formed, it was depressed down. And that's what I think, I think that it was actually an impact over this whole area that caused this depression of Michigan and caused the secondary icy ejecta to fly away and come crashing back down into the coastal plain and pretty much 1,500 kilometer radius away from Michigan. So other than the fact that all of these ellipses are angled towards one location where the Laurentide ice sheet was, what hard evidence is there that this was ejections from a common impact? Well, that's where we're at now. I mean, we're trying to fight for evidence for it.

You know, because obviously you've got the Carolina Bays. They're there. The perfect elliptical shapes of them should be very telling. I'm actually right now working, trying to get a paper published, just showing that we can prove that these are ellipses. You know, we're using something called the Lee Squared method. We're identifying and punching, you know, putting dots all around the rims of these things. Yeah. And proven that they're like time after time after time again, these things are actually mathematical ellipses. And you don't find things like that very often in nature. Like I showed you a minute ago, all of those oriented lakes, very few of those would actually have identical orientation to each other.

Very, very few of them. Is there anything like the, like, like, nanodiamonds or any of the other materials that you find in cosmic impacts there? So we're looking. Now, they have found evidence of Younger Dry stuff in some of the rims of these Carolina Bays. That is one of the possibilities is that this could have formed at the Younger Dryas. I don't think so anymore, and we can get into that a little bit later. But I did for a long time think that these were part of the Younger Drys event. You guys have been, you've covered the Younger Drys.

Oh, 9 and 10. And I am on board that that happened. I am on board that we had major fragments, bolides, you know, blowing up in the atmosphere. We do find lots of evidence of that. And there's been a lot of back and forth of that, too. And that's kind of what makes this a little bit more difficult. It's because there is a connection between the Carolina Bays and the Younger Dryas. And the Younger Dryas hasn't been proven yet fully, right?

You know, most of us are like, yes, it happened, right? but until the... It's really hard to prove. Yeah, yeah. And the same thing with this. If ice formed it, if ice literally was, it was ejected from an initial impact site, ice, you know, an icicle is the perfect murder weapon, right? You know, once that ice melts, what are you left with?

Right. Ponds of water. Yeah. And that's what... But wouldn't there also be fragments of the rock of the comet or the meteor? Like, wouldn't there... If you could find it, then that would be awesome. But that's what I'm saying.

Has there, is there any evidence of any of that shit? We've gone... the Carolina Bays. We've gone looking for it. Now, I think part of the reason is because nobody's looking. Nobody's going into the apex of these Carolina Bays with, we tried. We actually went in. I went with... Like digging right

into the center, you mean? Yeah, yeah. And I have a whole collection of sediment that can be sent off. We actually, I went with George Howard, Antonio Zamora, Michael Davis. George Howard, and he was a guest in your show. Yeah. He used to

own a a wetlands reclamation company. They would be contracted out to re-form wetlands. And one of his clients had a Carolina Bay on his property. And he's big time into this kind of stuff. He's actually, I call him the godfather of Carolina Bayes. George started, he mentioned it on the show with you, that that's what got him into it to begin with was the Carolina Bays.

And so he's always been on trying to push the Carolina Bay thing along. and so he got permission from the owner to actually, you know, go out and dig this, this Carolina Bay before they turned it back into a wetland. And we went out there with back hose and, you know, just dug three huge trenches. And we just went down. We got, he had some of his crew go down with ladders and take samples. Like anytime we saw a striation change, he would take samples out of that. We bagged that stuff up. I took it back to my, to my classroom.

And, you know, I created a lab. I actually got in touch with Alan West, who's like one of the top guys in the comment research group. We developed a extraction protocol, which is they already have an extraction protocol, but we had to make it high school ready, you know, because I was using, my students were doing it. And so I was working with like the number one, one of the top guys in the comic research group. We developed this plan and that would make sure that we got the same results. And we started sifting and we started getting all of those. was we got tons of magnetic grains, but the first sample we sent in, we had three trenches. We had one on the top.

And I don't have a picture of this one, but we had one on the top, one in the middle, and then another one on the bottom of the Carolina Bay. So if it was like one of these, it would be on the top, middle, and then one on the bottom. Yeah. And this was a small one. It was one that, you know, we can actually get into small. It's still huge. There was a whole farm there, you know, that they were, he was using for a grown corner or something like that.

but anyway so we went through the whole process of extracting magnetic grains and we sent them off and nothing really stood out that it was like you know younger dress related right and it's super expensive you know it's it's it was a couple of grand i don't have that kind of money to send these things in george is the one who fronted it all to begin with and like said we didn't get really promising results with our first go-around so we kind of put a put a pin on it we halted it. And so I still have like two, I still have collection set for the center,

the center trench and the southern trench that have not been tested yet because we just don't have the money to do it right now. Right. Well, I mean, at least for the younger dryest, we do have some pretty solid hard evidence. Like we have the they've dug into the black mat layer and found shit like the nanodiams and like, what is it, aridium or something?

Platinum. Platinum. That's what we were looking for. We're looking for, because that's kind of, that one is the smoking gun. Like if you can find platinum is a rare metal on earth, but it's super common in space rocks. And yeah, they're finding that whole blood. Just, I mean, the, the, we have the white sand stuff. Like, there's so much compelling hard evidence to point to something happening around the 12,500, whatever the younger dryest hypothesis is supposed to be. Yeah, $12,800 and something years ago.

Yeah. Yep. Yeah, yeah. And so, so, you know, there's a lot of evidence for that. they do find that evidence in some of these Carolina Bayes, but they're like in the rims of them. A lot of times these are archaeologists that do this research. Chris Moore, and I've got a picture of him on here too,

but Chris Moore is, he's one of the leading, I think he is right now, like the leading common research group guy. He's a geo-archologist out of South Carolina, maybe North Carolina. Okay. I actually went and helped him on a dig. That's Micah Hank, there in that picture. And we are, we're actually looking for Clovis and post-Clovis sites and things like that. But he's found evidence of platinum and things like that in the rims of some of these Carolina Bays,

which is compelling, but not really for the formation. It just means that those rims were there while they were being occupied and they're finding the platinum there around the same place that you would find like the Clovis people. So it sounds like the Clovis people were using these. And they were. And that's what he was, that's what he says, if they were really good. waterfowl hunting locations. And so they would go in there looking for ducks and whatever swans or geese or whatever. And they even find gallstones in piles where they were processing out the waterfowl and then the

stones would be left by. And they used to just throw them away because they thought they were pebbles. And then somebody was like, wait a minute, these are actually like they're from the inside of waterfowl, they're from the inside of ducks or something. Oh, wow. Yeah, yeah. So they were being used by the Clovis for hunting at that time. which is kind of a strike against the Carolina base being a, you know, being related to the Younger Dryas.

And right now, like I said, what they're finding with the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis is that there probably weren't very many direct impacts into the ground, but they were thousands of bollides belonging up in the sky. It's kind of like, you know, we go through, every year we go through. Like air bursts. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Like we have shooting stars. We go through meteor showers, right? And we can plan for those. You know, we have right around the end of October into November.

There's a really interesting meteor shower, and it's related to this because I think that that's the one that calls the Young Driess. But we go through it twice. It's the Torrid meteor stream. Yeah, the Torrid meteor stream. So we go through it at the end of June, and then we go through it at the end of October. And they think it was actually the June passing that there was just instead of it being like flakes of sand that were burning up in the atmosphere, there were chunks of stuff just blowing up in the atmosphere. We just went through a really thick patch. Didn't this last for like a thousand years?

The younger dryest lasted for a thousand years. Yeah. Like, like, when I first started, when I first was introduced to the idea, I thought like, okay, it was like a one-time event. But now it seems like, no, maybe it was like kind of like what we went through in Florida this past summer where we got smashed by two hurricanes in a row. Maybe that happened for a thousand years. Yeah, yeah. Like every, every summer we got smashed by meteors. Right, right.

Yeah. And, you know, that there could, that could have been exactly what happened. they're finding evidence that yeah this wasn't a one-time event that there were multiple airbursts I always forget the name of this place but they're finding in the Middle East it's either Abu Herrera or Tel Al Hamam it's it's one of the two one one was a bullet event that took place during biblical times the other one was much older like during the Young Dryas time and I always get the two mixed up so maybe yeah George was talking about one and that was the one that took place during like the biblical I think it was the tell al Hamam right the one

The Jordan Valley. The Sodom and Gomorra one. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So that was a little bit more recent than the Young Address event. But there was another very similar event that took place in that area, you know, 12,000, 800 years ago. And where literally they find meltglass surrounding, you know, villages and like people blast it up against walls. Right. It's pretty insane.

Yeah. And, you know, so these things happen. You know, we haven't had it happen in a really long time. The last big bollied we had was back in 2012 in Chelybanks. That's the one in Russia that, not the one that blew out a whole forest, but the one that blew up over town and shattered all the glass and was falling on people. Oh, yeah. We were watching that in here a couple of months ago.

Yeah, that was in like the 90s, I think. Right. No, no, that was 2012. Can you find out what that was, Steve? Find out when that happened. Chelybik. No, the Chicheloo. No, no, that's what he was talking about.

The older one, here it is. It's the Chali. Chalya banks? Chalya. And I may be saying it wrong. Chelyabanks, meteor airburst. That's the one that blew out a bunch of windows. Right, right.

There's the video. Yeah, there's videos people like on the highway in Russia. Right, right. Like, holy sure. And this was a small one. This was a small one. You know, imagine having, are we going to show the video? Because imagine having this happening, you know, thousands of times.

all across the horizon. That's probably what was happening. And a thousand times the size. Those things go, what, like 40,000 miles an hour? Yeah, this is insane. Like, be... Yeah, I don't know. Can you get sound on it?

Like speck in the sky, soon streaking across the horizon, followed by an almost apocalyptic scene, a blinding flash of light, and then all hell broke loose. Right. Dizzying explosions, shattering windows, knocking these office workers to the ground, These students were lucky.

They all thought this was it. Like they all thought that's it. We're done. So imagine that happening over. I mean, they probably thought it was like war or something. Your first, your first, if I happened here, my first example, okay, Russia fucking sent a new. Yep, we're done. Yeah.

The last thing I would, I mean, that, the common impact was probably be like the last thing I would. Exactly, exactly. And so, and then the last time, right. Oh, my God. God. And this is a lot, this is, you know, this one was recorded and that's, that's great. Mm-hmm. Back in, back in 19.

What year was this? 2012. Yeah, 2012. Oh, wow. Yeah. I'm trying to find the raw video. Yeah, yeah. Yeah.

The Chi, how do you pronounce it? Chellabinsk. Yeah, I've heard it pronounce different ways. I'm not fluent in Russian, so. 2012. There was also a theory that the world was supposed to end in 2012, right? Maybe. Yeah.

true. Maybe we got lucky with that one little, I think that one was about the size of a schoolboss. Play that simulation on the top. Orbit. And the thing about this one is they came out of nowhere. Like this wasn't even part of like a known meteor stream. It was just a rogue meteor, a little baby one.

Yep. They weren't even tracking it. They had no clue. It was on this way. God, man. So, like that could have been the one that took out. Imagine if that was the one that took out the dinosaurs, like the size of that. Oh, golly. Which was like, what? How many miles wide? That was like 11 kilometers so you know that's a big it was a city sizeer i mean city about the size of a city you know and it came down and uh it caused all kinds of stuff just south of where we are right now yeah yeah yeah

down a gulf of mexico um that's um the chiksu lub crater yeah and they just recently i think last year uh found another crater off the coast of spain that goes back 65 million years really so this may have been a multiple impact that that took other dinosaurs too wow yeah i don't think these things travel. I think that's like a misconception that a lot of us have is that these things are just zinging around in space. That one kind of was. But most of these times, they're

in orbit around the sun. And we just happened to cross the past with that orbit. You know, it used to be a comet. The tail was stretching across and all that debris. You know, we just go through it. We just go right through it. We're moving. It's moving and we just right through each other.

Right. It caused all kinds of devastation. Oh, this is it? 10 kilometers wide. How many miles is that? Something like eight, eight miles. Whoa. Yeah.

Is this one that dates back like 65 million? It doesn't even look like anything. Like if I was looking at that aerial shot, I wouldn't even imagine that was a crater. Yeah. Well, it's the same thing with the Cheez-Zuluib crater, the one that gets credit for taking out the dinosaurs. The only reason why they found out that that was a crater was because of the Sonotes.

Have you had done to Mexico? like down to like the ancient Mayan ruins and things like that. A lot of those ruins were built around Sonotes which are these these like limestone caves

that go straight down they're full of fresh water. I've seen people do they scuba dive that craig at that craig at all time. There's all kinds but there's a bunch of them and they formed this like really neat

arched like semi-circle and they they realized that that was actually the rim of the impact that took out the dinosaurs whereas that the fracturing of the ground underneath the limestone that had built up above it allowed water to see through. And over time, it's freshwater that dissolves limestone. It creates caves like that.

And so it was a quick access for water to go through the limestone and form those Sonote caves. And so that really neat arch shape is, you know, you go to the center of that shape and they found the crater. Wow. And that was like the 1990s. Right. Yeah, I was in high school. you know, the whole Alvarez, black mat, black rock layer, you know, finding, that's when they were finding Arridium. They were finding really high levels of radium all around the planet.

It was father and son team, the Alvarez's, and they were telling everybody, you know, hey, there was an impact. This is what we think took out of the dinosaurs. We find it all around the planet. And everyone was like, no, no, no, you find us a crater. And then we'll talk. And it was like the 1990s, the early 1990s, when they finally discovered that, that Cheeksu loved, that little semi-circle in Mexico was part of that crater and they're like every, it was like, okay, all right, you got us. Did they ever like dig, like,

if you go way down beneath that crater, is that freaking asteroid still down there? No, but there's like completely shattered rock. Like if you go to the into the Chisulub and dig down, they call it Brescia. It's a type of rock that's just completely shattered and then resolidifies. And that's just full of that.

So when that asteroid hits the ground, it breaks up to a million pieces, it doesn't stay solid? I don't know. I don't know. I'd imagine it does, like, completely destroyed. It liquefies. Yeah. If it's big enough, remember, it liquefies and then just ejects into the atmosphere and

gets thrown everywhere. Yeah. Holy shit. And a lot of times, a lot of time, and this section. And what are they made of? They're made of, um, mostly iron. Iron, right? But then there's a lot of a lot of those other rare earth metals like like the iridium and platinum and things like that. And, um, so again,

But that's a completely different impact. You know, when you have something slamming to the ground like what kill the dinosaurs, I mean, that creates a whole chain of events that blocks out the sun for months, and it kills off all the plants, and then all the plant eaters die and the animals. And so that was why we had that, like, massive, massive extinction level event at the dinosaurs, which was good because that allowed mammals to become the most dominant species on our planet. And we're kind of mammals. Right.

So we kind of... Allegedly. Apparently, some people think the reptiles, some people think the reptiles, Millions are still running the show. Yeah. So, but back to the Younger Dryus, like, that is kind of what the Younger Dryas, it's the same story. Like, we're finding platinum in dirt layers. They hasn't turned to stone yet, but it would form into a, it is a black mat.

You know, we have this black mat. We're finding Eridium there. And so there is some really interesting, you know, connections between the dinosaur killer and the Younger Dries. But right now, we think that the, you know, the real effect. of the younger dryass was from multiple, multiple bolides and not really big impacts into the ground. I do think there's evidence of some impacts on the ice sheet. If data management is slowing down your business, you need the Intuit ERP. If one entity is here and one here and one here and one here, you need the Intuit ERP.

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Whichever you choose, delicious coffee awaits. Find Starbucks Rappuccino drinks wherever you buy your groceries. Higher above Michigan, there's a couple places. Randall Carlson and I did a podcast a couple months ago and we kind of highlighted a couple of these places that could possibly be younger Dries impact sites. And there's like three of them in a row. It's kind of neat. And one's like Lake St. John, another one's, I can't remember the other two.

But they're all like in a row right across Canada. But I don't think that the Carolina Bays were formed during the Younger Dries. Why not? When do you think they were formed? So, well, okay, so there's two main hypotheses for how these Carolina Bays formed. one is at the Younger Dryas and one of the main proponents for that is Antonio Zamora. He'll be at

the Cosmic Summit with me this summer. We're actually going to present together. Are you going to be there this summer? I'm not sure. Yeah. Well, if you can't make it, it's going to be a great time. Yeah, we had a good time last year. Yeah, it was fun. Anyway, so Antonio Zamor and I are going to be there together next year.

And his main thing is that these things happened at the Younger Dryas. And he's got evidence, but a lot of the evidence is dependent on the Younger Dryas. being proven correct. You know, things like the mega mammal extinctions and things like that. That's where he's, you know, and so that so he's he's got that idea 12,800 years ago, 12,900 years ago, that there was an impact into Michigan and it was big chunks of ice that came flying out of Michigan. And as they came, they actually went up into suborbid, froze solid and then came

crashing back down. And these ellipses are actually the cone, the cone of depression as the ice reentered the earth there. And so they come crashing back down the violence of an impact like that, even of ice. So it was raining football stadium-sized chunks of ice. Tropicana fields coming down onto the coastal plain of the United States, North America. Jesus. Christ, dude. Yep. And a lot of these chunks of ice had rocks frozen in them, right?

Because that's what Randall talks about, these giant boulders that are in the Midwest that came from Canada or the East Coast. Yeah, yeah. They came. But those those came rafting down out on, you know, from valleys and things like that. And they came rafting down onto those areas. And then so then that ice, big chunks of ice that were carrying these rocks that melted. And then you were left behind with these big rocks just kind of hanging out everywhere. I'm not sure because we're talking about in the middle of Michigan, there was probably a really big sheet of ice there.

And the only analog we really have for that now is either Greenland or Antarctica. And when you look at pictures of like Greenland and Antarctica, you don't see a whole bunch of rocks laying around. They're on the bottom, but it's almost, I mean, you have like a mile of just white ice all the way up to the top. And I think that this, because I do agree with Antonio's like impact hypothesis. I do think that there was an impact into the ice and that it did eject the ice away from that location. They went up and then came crashing back down. I don't think they were quite as solid as he hypothesizes,

I think, that this, because glacial ice forms differently anyways. It doesn't form like you take ice and put it into the freezer and it freezes solid. Glacier ice forms when you have like annual snows that just pile up and then they get squished down. They get piled up and they get squished down. Oh, really? Yeah.

So you create what's called a fern, F-I-R-N, and that's when all that snow just builds up, gets squished down. And so it's globular. It's kind of like plastic-y. And then it eventually turns into glacial ice. So it already has like forgiveness. It like bends and it molds and it has, like I use the term plastic because that's the term that's a geologic term. But it molds and moves around. And so if it were, if there was an impact into that.

that ice, it would behave differently. It's already under pressure. It's already, you know, it's already globular. And so I think that would be highly fractured and they would send out and you'd have these like globs of frozen debris coming crashing back down. And it would be highly fractured. So I think when they came crashing back down, that they, that's kind of what formed that ellipse. That's why they're so shallow. Like I said, when you look at images of these there, they're super shallow in the center of them. And it's because I think that that stuff came down, just kind of crashed out. And that's That's what gave you that ellipse with the raised rims. Again, he thinks that they were solid,

and so that they were actually entering the ground, and it was the cone that creates that. And then it was viscous relaxation, where the earthquakes caused it to shake and settle back out. Oh, okay. Yeah. So the earth shaking made these things perfectly round? No, no, no, no.

The impact. So, again, we have a paper right now that we're trying to get pushed through, but it's the cone of, what's you call it, the conic section. So we have different conic sections when something enters an unconsolidated material, which is mostly sand and clay and stuff like that. And so whenever the object enters the flat plane, it creates a cone. If they were coming straight down, the conic section would be a perfect circle. If they're coming in at an angle, which these would have been, the conic section would be an ellipse.

If you keep going, you'd end up with like a hyperbole. you know, you end up with these, there's like four different conic sections. These are all elliptical. We think that they're cones of depression coming in at an angle. Ah, I see. Right, right, right. Okay. And again, I do agree with that.

The physics backs that up. Yeah, so here are the cones of depression. And again, you can see where the ellipses are. They're at an angle. They're entering the plane at an angle. I see. Look at that. That is fascinating.

So again, you know, if you imagine something, entering into that flat plane, the, you know, the cone itself is the, is the object entering in. And then it seals itself into that, into that terrain. Yeah, it's amazing we can't figure out how to get like some sort of big drill out in the middle of those things and just drill down for like a couple miles. We had, okay, so there's a couple things. One, we had heavy equipment. Like we had a bold, a front and, what they call that? The front and loader.

An excavator or whatever. But yeah. and we dug as far as that thing went down and it started filling up with water. We got as much, you know, because you hit the water table too, and so water just started filling this whole thing up. We got as much sediment as we possibly could. You know, we kind of know where the apex would be. Like we kind of know where you should probably dig. Right.

But, you know, how far do you dig? We don't know. Like I said, I don't think that these things made it all the way down to the focus point of that ellipse. You know, I don't think they went all the way down. I think that something, you know, I think that whatever happened caused it to, to dissipate the energy and then, you know, you still end up with the cone of depression, but the energy is dissipated because of the material. So when do you think these things were from again?

Okay, so the other hypothesis that I, that I'm looking at is Michael Davies, the guy who did all this LiDar. Yeah. He thinks that these happened during the mid-Plyssetine transition. The mid-Plyssetian transition. Yeah, the mid-Plicesian transition. Now, this is a lot longer ago, 786,000 years ago, So the mid-plocene transition is a real thing. Like, we basically have a chain of events that completely changed the Earth.

Literally before the mid-Pleicine transition, we were going in and out of ice ages like every 41,000 years. And something happened right around that time that caused a change in obliquity of the Earth that caused the ice ages to stretch out to 100,000 years. And we have this recorded in ice core data. So we started going from, we were going for 41,000 years. going in and out of ice ages to now going 100,000 years in and out of ice ice. And I'll show you a graph here in a little bit where you can see that. So, I mean, a change in obliquity is kind of a big deal. That's one of the Melanchovic cycles, right?

You've got procession, obliquity, and eccentricity. So it knocked, this thing knocked the earth off its tilt? Listen, I'm not, you said it, not me. That's the idea. I think it could be the idea. Yeah, I think it could be, yes. Jesus. I mean, something happened.

Something happened to cause the Earth's obliquity to change, to stretch out our ice age cycles. We also find all kinds of other evidence. We find a big one for me, and you kind of mentioned this a minute ago, whenever an impact hits the ground, it's going to send up melted rock or melted parts of itself. And so it melts, but it sends these, they're called tectites. It's kind of like meteorites, but they formed from the ground. ground from the earth. And we find AA tectites that date back to 786,000 years that date back to the mid-plicing transition. And it's a mystery. They don't know where they came from. Where do they find

them? They find them all over Asia. They find them all in Australia. That are 800,000 years old. 800,000-year-old tech tights. Yeah. And they're found, I was just, you know, you can go look up tech-tites and they find them all over to place. They, and again, they don't know exactly where they came from. Now one of the guys, there's different types of tectites, that's a good example of one right there. That was probably an A tectite found probably

in the Philippines or something like that. Wow. But there's a huge strewn field where you find these things and most of it's actually in the ocean, like most of the strewn field is actually under the water and so there a ton of tectite are still there. They do, yeah, I think I just saw this just the other day where

they found, they were just finding like dozens of them. 800,000 years old, just chilling right there on top of the dirt. Yep. Yep. And it's really, they're really kind of neat because they actually show the,

they were melted, they were flying through the air, and when they solidified. How do they actually know it was 800,000 years old? It's from where they find them in the strata, like where. That was just sitting on top of the dirt.

Well, that dirt's been eroded away. They find them in other places that are in that location. Another thing that they've done is they actually, there's a guy who has tested those with stronium and rhodium.

dating. Yeah. And they date back to, well, actually, let me rephrase it, because they date back to the rock layers being Jurassic of age. But that's not when they're formed. Like the rock that formed, the sand zones that formed them were Jurassic Age rocks. But they, that's what formed the tectites. What's interesting is if we look back at the Michigan Basin, the center of the Michigan basin, right here, this pink rock right there, that's all Jurassic Age. rock. And so if this was an impact and we had sandstone, which most of that is Michigan sandstone,

if that was ejected from that location, it would have gone into orbit, solidified, and then came back down on the other side of the planet. One of the guys that's working on this is Tim Harris. Here's Tim right here. Tim is an engineer. He used to work for Lockheed Martin and Boeing. and some of his mentors were like literally rock he's a rocket scientist himself but a lot of his mentors were like the rocket scientist during a cold war and they used the same impact physics for like ballistic missiles to track where we find these tectites all the way back to their source and he's been putting out papers left and right but they just don't get taken seriously what's the name thomas harris yeah thomas harris yep yep yeah he actually he came to visit a couple years ago now. His son was going to be a first mate on a ship, like a yacht that was sailing from Savannah up to New York. And so he drove, it was right during COVID.

He drove his son down and called George. And he's like, is there anybody in this area that's Carolina Bay related? Because I like the, I'm down here. I'm going to be camping and stuff. He's like, so he gave him my number. And I was like, dude, Carolina Bay is, come on. He can come stay at my house. And so he came over and we, you know, kicked back with a few beers that night.

And then we were talking about all kinds of stuff. There was a really cool connection with the A. Tectites because the Mr. Tectite, like the guy who is known, he used to work for NASA. His name's Hal Pauvinmire. And he's like, he is like the Tectite King. Like he knows all about these Tectites. Hal Pauvinmire? Yeah, Hal Pauvinmire.

He's passed away now. In fact, my wife met him at a jet. Hold on a. second. That sounds familiar. Is this the guy Chris Bledsoe we're talking about? Yes. Same guy. Same guy. I just I just contacted Matt, Matt Bell. I was like, dude, you got to talk to somebody who knows Howl because there's connections with Hal Pavanmeyer that need to be explored. Yeah. And he's from here. Did you ever meet the guy? Okay, so my wife met Hal at a gem and mineral show, completely unrelated. She was there. She was bored. She saw this guy. He called him. She called her over.

and she started because he had a big map of Georgia. He's, again, a big techtight guy, and one of the tectite strewn fields is right across Georgia. They call them Georgiaites. He wrote a book about tectite, didn't he? I have a signed copy of, yeah. So that strewn field in Georgia is from the Chesapeake Bay impact that happened 30 million years ago. So anyways, but he had this picture of Georgia. My wife came up, started talking to him because we have property right on the fall line, which was on the map.

and she started talking. His eyes got huge when he found that we had property there because where he was looking at, if they can find Georgiaites there, would completely expand his research into a whole other county. And so he was super interested in that. They exchanged, she gave him my number. He called me.

We had like three or four conversations and trying to find a time where we can meet up to go tech tight hunting. And it just, he ended up passing away and it never happened. Like I'd call him like, hey man, I'm going up to the property. You want to come? And he's like, oh, I can. I'm going up probably to see Chris Bledso or somebody.

and it never worked out. We never got a chance to meet. Wow. That's bizarre. And if you search this guy on the internet, you can't find, you can't find much. I know. That's, yeah, like I said, I emailed Matt, and I was like, you got to find something on this guy because he's connected to everything. I don't know what the deal is.

I don't know, like, he is connected with all of these different things, alien abductions. Chris told me something that he said that when he asked him about the moon, he said that there's ancient mushroom structures on the moon. Really? That's what his daughter told me. Yeah. That's what he told his daughter. Oh, Chris Bledso's daughter.

Yeah. There's a really, there's a really neat video of his daughter, Bledso's daughter, playing a piano. Yeah, she's a great piano player. Yeah, yeah. She teaches. And she's one of the reasons why she became so good at the piano. He gave her like 20 bucks and then gave her one of the most difficult songs to play.

You know, I was like, here's 20 bucks. You need to learn the song next time I see you. Oh, really? And then she learned it. And then he passed with. She actually was like a memorial. to him. You can find it on TikTok. It's a neat little video. But yeah, again, when I heard that name, and actually, I think that I'm referring to Matt Bell's episode with him that just came out

this week. He started, he didn't mention Hal by name, but he talked about, you know, this guy that's, you know, expert. He did? He may have said Hal. We talked about him for like 30 minutes on here. Yeah. Okay. You know, he just mentioned tech tights. And I was like, oh, he's got to be talking about Hal. Hal Pavon. Right. Yeah. So anyway, so, so again, that conversation that I was having with Tim Harris in my backyard, Hal came up. And I was like, dude, I got a, I got a couple tectites from Hal. And I went up, got him and showed him. And he's like, yeah, man, he's, and then Tim showed me like the plasma scarring and things like that from when these things were in the sky and how much electricity was, you know, part of the impact that actually created these things. And

you can actually see them. That's what causes the pot marks in the tech tights themselves. And again, and he was in contact with Hal. And Hal was like, you know, you guys might be on something with these things being from Michigan. And so they stayed in communication too. Again, there's a lot of really interesting connections that keep coming up with Hal. I think he definitely needs to be, you know, checked out a little bit more. I think there's a really neat story there. So he thought these tectites could have been from Michigan.

That's what Tim told me. Yeah, yeah. Again, when I was interacting with Hal, I wasn't this far into tectites yet, or I wasn't this far into Carolina Bays yet. I was researching them, but I wasn't this far under researching them. Okay. And so anyways, the connection with the with the tech tights leading back to Michigan was like, oh, this, you know, these guys might be on to something. And, you know, if these things did happen 786,000 years ago,

we should be able to kind of, you know, come up with some better evidence for that. And I think I did find some better evidence that may suggest that they're older and closer to that 786,000 year of it. Which is what? the paleo-lantic shorelines what we were just looking at earlier. We were looking at the ancient barrier islands

like here of Pinellas County. All up and down to East Coast, we find that shoreline there are almost zero Carolina Bays below those shorelines. Zero. Below the shoreline. Yeah, I'll show you.

I'll show you some evidence of that. Yeah, if you go... Back when those things hit, the sea level would have been 400 feet lower, right? Well, it just depends on when they hit, right? Yeah. So if it was ice being... Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

So if they happened at the younger dry... This is part of the big... If it happened during the younger driest. Yeah, if it happened at the younger driest, then sea levels would have been 400 feet low or somewhere. And they were rising during the time, beginning of the younger dryas. There is an exact number. I can't remember what it is.

But even if it was half that, 100, you know, 200 feet lower. Yeah. If it happened at that time, sea levels did not come even close to our current shoreline. We should find Carolina Bay. all the way up to the beach. We should find Carolina Bays across the coastal plain all the way to the beach. And again, we don't, and that to me was a big deal. This is an image right here that shows the ice ages.

So this shows the ice age. This is where we are currently. This is where we are at the peak of our last ice age. That was 20,000 years ago right here. Right. The last time sea levels were as high as they are today. This is marine oxygen isotope stages and relative sea level. So that line that you're looking at right now is sea level?

This line down here, sea level. This line up here is the isotopes that they're getting out of the ice cores. Oxygen isotopes. Yes. Yeah, yeah. So they're using the Greenland ice cores and the Antarctic ice cores. Okay. And they're cross-referencing the two to come up with this chart.

Oh, okay. I got it. And so, and we have stages. That's interesting. Yeah. MIS stages, marine isotope stages. We're in one right now, like marine oxygen isotope stage number one right now. If you go back, again, this was a, that was the peak of the glacial, last glacial cycle,

when we had like two miles of ice on top of Canada and the oceans were 400 feet lower and about 100 yards or 100 miles farther away. This is the peak of the last one that you had your cursor on. This one right here, yeah. That's the peak of the last ice age. Which is, it was how long ago? 20,000,000 years ago. Okay.

And all the way in the right. Is that how far goes out? All the way over here? Yeah. This is 800,000 years. Got it. So this is within that 786,000 years. That's why this is actually really good data.

So here we have the peak of the ice age. This right here was the last interglacial, like the last times temperatures were like they are today. And they were warmer than they are today. More ice melted during that time than had melted today. And sea levels were higher than they were today. Okay. That was 125 around about 125,000 years ago. the MIS stage was 5E.

Wow. So we're like so at the very, very far left is where we are right now. Yes. Right here. The last time C levels were anywhere close to where they are today. So they are the hot pretty much pretty damn close to the highest they've been in the last 800,000 years. Yeah. There's one other place right here at 11C that was actually higher. You can actually see right here for whatever reason. Oh my God. That's fucking terrifying, dude, because those peaks don't last very long. Hey, you're telling me, you just, you just got a, a climate change, uh, uh, uh, YouTube, uh, warning. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, they don't last very long. And we've been in one for, you know, 10,000 years. They last, it looks like they last like what, like, like 40 years, maybe? No, no, no, no. I mean, these are, I mean, these are, these are thousands of years. Oh, those are thousands. That's a couple, like 40, 50,000, 50,000 years. Yeah, but, but regardless, you're right. They don't last that long. And in the long, in a big, in a big,

picture, it's nothing. No, no. And in fact, we're, I think we're nearing the end of this one. And if you look at the historically, they go up, they go down, they go up, they go down. We have been up for 10,000 years, completely off topic right now, but they're up for 10,000 years already. It's got to go back down. And then there's only one thing worse than global warming. Global cooling. You got it. You got it. You can't feed eight billion people. Right. No. With reduced growing seasons and things like that. So that's actually a huge problem and work everyone's freaking out agriculture goes to shit yeah yeah everybody's freaking out about the the beach homes uh when when we got to be worrying about feeding right right so anyways

anyways off topic that's terrifying it is it is so so yeah i think that we actually see evidence of of these last few interglacials in the landscape we do see evidence of it they're actually well dated you can actually see in this image right here they they have names you've got the pamlico you've got the Talbot, you've got the, uh, camera how to say that one. Wikamiko. Yeah, the Wikimiko. Yeah, the Wicamiko. Yeah, the Taliban and the Palamico are the ones that are important to me because they're

the ones that happen here and here. And again, I think that the impact happened somewhere back here. I'm leaning towards this as being a possible date from, from what Michael Davis and Tim Harris. Now, so does, does conventional science agree that all of the, like, what do they say the explanations are for all of these drops in climate. Okay, all right. Oh, for the drops in climate?

Like for the, for the crazy variations, these jumps and these fall, like, like those vertical spikes. Yeah, so overall, it's the Malachovic cycle. So overall, it's the Earth's place in space and, and, you know, where the sun and the earth are, right? So the Malakivich cycles, you've got those three of them. You've got procession. That's the, I'm sorry, eccentricity is the shape that the earth takes as it goes around

the sun, right? Yeah. It's not a perfect circle. It does go more, more circular. but it's more of an oval. Yes. It's more elliptical, actually. Right.

And so sometimes we're closer, sometimes we're farther away. That affects the climate. The obliquity is the tilt of the axis. Right. And so that's what gives us our seasons. That's what gives us the winter. That's what gives us the summer is the shape. The tilt of the axis as we move around the sun.

And so that tilt changes. It goes from like 24 and a half degrees to like 22.1 degrees. Right now we're at 23.5 degrees, but it's moving. You know, it does move. And the cycle, are really long. I think the eccentricity cycles are 100,000 year cycles. The obliquity is 41,000 years cycles, I believe. And then you have the procession, which comes up a lot with like Randall Carlson's talks and things like that. That's the great year wobble. That's the

wobble of the earth as its axis is... Just like 26,000 years or something like that. Yeah, and now it's 26,000 years. Yeah. So those three things together, sometimes you're a little bit, closer or sometimes you're a little bit farther way while the angles farther. And how much of a variation in temperature is that from the very peak of the spike to the very bottom of it? I'm not sure. It's usually, I usually hear it's like 20, 20 degrees difference. 20 degrees difference. But that's a big deal, you know? You drop 20 degrees. And I think this usually Celsius. So that's could be like a really big deal. Yeah. But so anyways, when this happens, we end up with these, when the sea levels are higher, we end up with shorelines, you know, the beach, the beach that was

formed during that interglacial. And we end up with a series of beaches as we go up from the current beach down here up to like the beach that was formed 20 million years ago or something like that. So you end up with all of these different scarps and these different ancient barrier islands. And what really got me was looking at images like this. And it was actually, I came about this with a discussion I was having with Michael Davies because he was trying to tell this back when I used to think that this was a younger driest event. He was explaining that these Carolina Bays are really well ingrained into the environment themselves and that they maintain that shape really easily for a really long period of time. And then he would use a term that it's because the coastal plain is pool table flat all the way to the beach.

And I was like, Michael, it's not a pool table flat. Where I live in coastal Georgia, we have ancient barrier islands. Like you literally go up 20 meters and you're up on the sandhill and there's a whole other ecology there. There's a whole different type of ecosystem. them. And I pulled up his images. I went to Google Earth and pulled up his image. And when I clicked over to the LIDAR to show him, what I really notice is where you don't find the Carolina Bays, where they're missing, right? You find the Carolina Bays on the tops of those ancient Bayer Islands, but you don't find them below them. So where are they here?

All these red dots. This is paned way out. But again, this was the reason why I'm using this right here is because this is actually from a field trip guide for geology class for Philadelphia University. And so they would actually take a group of students to the beach on Sappolo Island. I usually spend about a week on Sappolo every summer helping grad students. So I'm very familiar with Sappalo Island. There's actually a really cool shell ring, like right here, Shell Minim from the Native Americans that live there.

Oh, really? Like older than the Egyptian pyramids. It's really cool. What? Yeah, yeah, really old. and it's right it's like right there so anyways

he would take a crew here they would check out the you know the erosion and how the beach forms and you would look at the dunes and the you know the different types of ecosystems as you go across

the barrier island and then he would they would get back on the ferry the ferry would take you back over here to Meridian and they would drive and they would stop at these different places

and this was one of their stops it was like right here yeah stop one right there and that was the ancient bear around so when I click on the button you know, that's the barrier island that was formed 125,000 years ago. You go back up, this is the barrier island that was formed 400,000 years ago. And so you end up having this, like, time frame of when sea levels were higher and where those

Carolina, or where those, where those beaches formed. And again, you find these red dots. Those are Michael Davies tagged those. Again, if you look a little bit closer, here's, this is actually up closer to Myrtle Beach. Okay. And this is that first picture I showed you of the black and white one. This is that area today. And you can see these well-defined Carolina Bays that are up here in this area.

This is actually a preserve now. So there's no construction. There's no golf courses being built here. It's all wildlife habitat. Whereas all of this down here has been like really worked over with urbanization. But what I like about this area is that where the beach is right now, The last beach was right above it, like the last time. And when you click on the LIDAR, you can see like all of these bays right here.

This is the highest point on this map. You actually, you're kind of going up and then back down right here. And then you go back up and then you go way up and then you go back down and then back down. So you're going up and then back into. I can't remember what river this is back here. There's a big river back there. So this whole area right here was a barrier island 400,000 years ago. This is where we find the most well-defined Carolina Bays in this picture as well, right?

So all of these are really well-defined. So a million years ago, this whole area was underwater. A million years ago is when we had the Pena Holloway scarper form. And that's like 70 meters or 70 feet above the current shoreline. What is that? The Pena-Hololy. The Pena-Hololy is the beach from a million years ago. So it was the barrier islands that are formed one million years.

years ago are called the Pente Holloway. And it was super hot then, so there was not much ice. Yeah, I mean, yeah, yeah, definitely sea levels were higher, so it was a lot warmer. Right. And like I said, sea levels were way up during that time. Okay. But that also means that all of this area was underwater. Right.

And so everything that you see in the landscape has to be younger than a million years, which is good. That gives us a baseline, you know, to start. So none of the stuff would survive under the ocean for 100,000 years? The Carolina Bays? Yeah. No, I don't think so. No, no, no, no.

As a matter of fact, I don't think that they survived the interglacials, and that's kind of the point. It's like, whenever the sea levels rose and formed those shorelines, that erased the Carolina Bays. Got it. Because you got to remember, like right now, this is the beach. You know, you surf, right? Yep. So, you know, the wave action is pretty constant, right? You have tides that come in and out every single day.

You've got waves that are constantly lapping up on the beach. And you've got things like longshore drift that's constantly moving the sand down the beach. Right. So whenever the shorelines, whenever the beaches, or whenever the oceans rise up to this point. There's all kinds of erosion here. And it's just flat. It's just flat sand, right?

Got it. So the last one was here, and I can actually, here's where I marked it. This right here was a barrier island 125,000 years ago. All of this was exposed. But this was a back bay. This was where you would find, like, the intercoastal today. Okay. Right.

And so this is wiped clean from 125,000 years ago. But I also think from 400,000 years ago, when this was a barrier island and this was the upper part of that barrier island So that has been above sea level for at least 400,000 years? This has been above sea level for a million years.

A million years. Yeah, the shoreline, well, the regression that took place a million years ago left that, everything dry, right? And then the last time it happened was 400,000 years ago. This was still a barrier island

during that time. And then 125,000 years ago, all of this was exposed, including this right here. Okay. Yeah. So like, for instance, like this area right here on the very top. Yep. That's in blue.

I think that this was, these were underwater 400,000 years ago. But this barrier island protected them. And this was a marsh. I think this was like a salt marsh. Okay. And so a really easy way to check for this, and we just need somebody to go out and do it, is to do some core samples in here. And if there's marsh mud in the middle of all these, then that, I mean, that shows that they were there when that march was there.

Right. Four hundred thousand years ago. Right. And that's huge because, again, that's older than all the dates that have been coming up so far. Like, even the, we didn't even get into the conventional creation of these Carolina Bays. But theirs is, you know, they would have happened between the last ice age age, like, like, 1,200 years ago to about 100,000 years ago. They say that during that time, during the last Ice Age cycle, was when all of these Carolina Bays were formed. I'm saying that this shows that they're older than that.

Like they're older than even what the radiocarbon dates are coming back with or what the optically stimulated luminescence dates are coming back with. This shows that they're older than that. And so they would have to be older than that. And they're being worn away by those rising seas during that time. How far south do they go? What's the southernmost Carolina Bay? I find them close to where I live. they get really sparse as you get farther down into Georgia

but you do find some there's some around like Sylvester Georgia the first one I ever heard of was in Valda, Georgia and that's like, what, maybe two hours north of year? Okay. Three hours north of year? No, it's definitely more than three hours. It'saldosta.

Right, it's right on the Georgia border. If you go right up 75, you go right through Valdaasta. Yeah, I don't know how fucking fast you drive. That's like five hours for me. Is it? So, anyways, right when you cross the board, Now, it does get confusing, and it was part of that, that pseudo-Carolina Bay thing, because that part of Florida, you go through all of those sinkholes. Like, it's all karst topography, and so you have a bunch of sinkholes.

And so a lot of the geologists would mix the Carolina Bays and with being karst. Like, there's actually, like, karst sinkholes under the ground, and that's what's foreign are. But this whole area shows that that's not, that's not right. Okay. But where I first heard about Carolina Bays was in Valdasta, because they have a, um, a, um, Carolina Bay they're called Grand Bay. And you can add you. So really it's a wildlife management area.

And they have a really pretty boardwalk. And, you know, the reason why they call them Carolina Bays has nothing to do with water, has nothing to do with like a bay on a coast or something like that. They call them Carolina Bays because of the bay trees that grow within them. Is there like old bay that you would use in like crab oil and stuff like that? That's where those plants grow. is in these Carolina Pays. Oh, really?

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Yep, even that. Sweet. Walmart business. It's the Walmart you love. Now for your business. Learn more at business.com. Terms apply. I mean, it's just a low swampy area. They go. Yeah, and it's not all of them, obviously.

You know, I showed you millions, there are thousands of them that don't have bays in them. But the ones that do hold water usually do have. They're low oxygen. There's low, you know, not a lot of flow to it. And so it's a really good place for them to grow. You also find some really cool carnivorous plants in a lot of these. If you go, like, in North Carolina and Virginia, you're going to find, like, the Venus Phi Traps. That's cool.

Really? Yeah. Yeah, if you go to like the ones in South Georgia, you can find a lot of pitchers. plants, which are just swampy plants anyways, but they really like the Carolina Bay habitats. Yeah, the ecology in the Carolina Bay is fascinating. Carnivorous plants. What a, what an interesting Yeah, like the soil is so poor that they have to like trap bugs to get the nourishment that they need. That's so wild, man. I would love to see a Venus flytrap. I don't think I've ever seen one in real life. Yeah, you can buy them. I think we bought one at Lowe's. Yeah, they had them. They had them for

sale. Yeah. We need to get a Venus fly trap for the studio. Utilitarian plant at Lowe's. Oh my God. That would be so cool. Yeah. Eat all the flies in here. So let's go and talk about the current

academic hypothesis for these Carolina Bays. Again, because I do think, you know, that they are they have a cosmic origin. Like I think that there was an event. Looking at the evidence. And what's interesting is, you know, you've got these two guys, you've got Michael Davies and Tim Harris, and you've got Antonio Zamora, and they're just, they're two completely different hypotheses. And Michael Davius thinks that it wasn't chunks of ice,

but that it was like a cavitated ejecta regolith blanket or something where. A who? Yeah, exactly. So, so an asteroid hit the ice sheet and, and just a blanket of sand and water and, and ice just kind of washed over and away from the impact site. And that it was, and it was more like, like, you know, like paint bubbles, like when you're painting and it pops and you end up with like an elliptical shape. Yeah. He thinks that that's what foreign a carolet based. I, to me, I don't think you would get like that precise with the elliptical shape of them if that were the case. So I think it's a combination of two of those.

I think that as, you know, Antonio is more on board or I'm more on board with his hypothesis of the actual ice chunks crashing down. Yeah. At least at least the outer edge. obviously I think the middle part of where this would have happened completely vaporized, but it would have been the edges that came, you know, coming out, it came crashing away and then came down onto the ground that formed that. But again, I think there's a lot of evidence that suggests that the time frame has to be a lot older. And Tim Harrison and Michael Davis have a pretty good idea of that mid-plice scene.

Because something big happened during that time, and it hasn't been solved. And so we have two mysteries. now. Because keep, you know, there's no make no mistake about it. You know, the Carolina Bayes are a mystery. Like they, we really don't know. Even, even the academic scientists will tell you, you know, we're really not sure. This is our best hypothesis, right? And so when you start looking at all of the different hypotheses, you know, you got to start, you know, pulling and taking what you can from those to kind of get a better picture. Right now, they think that the Carolina Bays were formed by wind and water. I mean, basically, it's an Aeolian, Lecustra.

hypothesis. And sometimes they add other things to like a solution, a dissolved solution underneath there and water tables that rise and fall and things like that. But really, you know, right now, the dominant academic hypothesis pretty much, you know, being used by guys like Christopher Moore, is that it was wind and water, that the glaciers themselves were just blowing air off the glacier across the northern, North American coastal plain. Yeah. And, all of the Carolina Bays would have been ponds and it would have been swirling these ponds into these perfect ellipses and then they just stopped. That's what they think. And it actually all goes back to a guy named Ray Kowzaworski.

He was a geology PhD candidate somewhere in the Carolinas. And actually probably says it right there. No, I don't say it. Anyways, in 1977, he put together a PhD dissertation where he got a sand table, kind of like what we have right here, but it would be full of sand. He made a bowl-shaped depression in the middle of it, filled that bowl-shaped depression with water, and then took a fan and blew it across the water in one direction for 15 minutes, went to the other side of the table, and blew it across the opposite direction for 15 minutes. He did that for four hours. Wow. Well, I mean, to be honest, I don't know why.

Like, I don't know what he was trying to achieve because, you know, that's their wind doesn't work like that. You know, the only reason I can think that he would, like, take the sand and go back and forth like that is to show, like, seasonal variation of winds. Maybe. Maybe. I really don't know. Still interesting. Well, it is interesting, but this is what he got. Like, this image right here is what he got at the end of this experiment.

and he made a really cool oriented lake. And I showed you images of oriented lakes earlier. And what he was trying to do in his dissertation was to prove that the Carolina Bays were oriented lakes. And to prove it, he took this bowl shape of water and created this football shape. Now, from the very beginning, I mean, he started with a bowl shape depression full of water.

You know, that's what a crater is. I mean, if you take a perfectly round bowl shape, I mean, you look at the moon, it's full of craters, it's full of pole-shaped depressions. Then he filled it with water and then blue air across it back and forth, you know, for four hours. Right. There's so many variables, like environmental variables that are left out of this explanation, that it just, it baffles me that this is still, like, this right here is like the go-to for Carolina Bay hypotheses for the academic hypothesis. You know, 1977 dissertation that was never peer reviewed. It was never published anywhere. You know, went into some guy's office.

And they gave him his Ph.D. He went on to become a oil and gas geologist. I think in Texas. Never went back to Carolina Bays, never wrote another paper. That was it. And this is what they used. In fact, Christopher Moore has a paper. It was actually a presentation that he put together for a conference titled,

Kazaworski was right. and he had this whole thing about, you know, how wind and water and things like that were, they call it catabatic winds that the winds were blowing off the glaciers. The air above a glacier is really cold and is dense. And so it blows off the glacier in a direction away from the glacier. And he's saying it's those winds that went over those ponds to form those perfect ellipses. Right. And he's done a lot of work on a specific bay called Herndon Bay.

and he went through and did a bunch of, you know, OSL dating and things like that on Herndon Bay. Yeah. They actually think that Herndon Bay has migrated, that it actually started here and had migrated to this point right here. It's all in that paper. The problem is, again, when you start looking at it, so here's Herndon Bay right here.

This is using Google Earth. You can see I pinned Herndon Bay in the middle. This is the one that they've done all those studies on, right? Okay. And again, a only in Lecustrian, that this had to be been a pond and had to have been upon for so long that wind and water had blown it into a perfect ellipse. That would have had to take thousands of years. And then it stopped and it was a perfect ellipse. But when you look at the LIDAR, if that's true, then it has to be true for all of them.

You can't, you can't just pick one. You know, it has to be every single one of those would have had to have been lakes. Again, this is all farmland today. This is all high and dry. These are rivers. These are all rivers of the past. But when you click on the LIDAR, you see how many or how extensive these Carolina Bays are. And they all have this.

Like I said, using that Lee Squares method, we can go on and we can pick points all around this rim. Yeah, it's interesting, isn't it, man? It's super, it's super compelling, you know, especially, you know, I know you said you don't think it's from the younger dryest. But it's interesting to me how, you know, conventional science and academia has not. sort of done more research into the younger dryus hypothesis and tried to either validate it or invalidated. Yeah. And that's the whole point. Like that's the whole reason why I got into this. Yeah. Back in 2015, I got a master's degree in geoscience. I started a, like I wanted to teach a college level geology class. The timing was ironic because that's also the same time that

Randall Carlson first went on with like Joe Rogan. And, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, you know, I was like, hold on. You know, and he started talking about, you know, a lot of things that made a lot of sense about the younger drives. And I was like, yeah. So I started focusing on the, and that's kind of why I went back to the Carolina Bays at that time. And then, you know, here we are today talking about them. But yeah, I definitely think that this was a catastrophic event, that these were all created at the same time. And, you know, now, like I said, I do have the credentials.

You know, I have the background now. I've taken, for some of these guys, I've have taken more college-level geology classes than any of them. Yeah. You know, like I said, I have two minors from Philadelphia. That's where I went to school. That's where I first saw that first Grand Bay. And even then, back then, I asked someone, I was like, well, how did it form this ellipse? Because you really, when you first go to Grand Bay, you go to the top of this tower, it's like 100 foot high, and you can just see the whole swamp all the way around you. It's really kind of neat. Right. And it looks like it's circular. And I remember asking the professor, I was like, you know, how did this form so, you know, such a neat circle? And he's like, well, it's actually an ellipse. And he told me all about the wind and the water hypothesis. things like that. I was like, really? And he said, but there is also this other hypothesis. This was back in the year. This was 2000. Right. You know, right. And, and, uh, it's really interesting because I got interested in it. I went to the internet, which back then it wasn't Google. I can't remember what it was, but, um, I googled or I, or I typed in Carolina Bayes and it actually

brought up George Howard's website that he talked to you about on his show. Yeah. And so I read, I read, I read his paper on, on Carolina Bays. And then I kind of, like said, I kind of didn't really think about it. I just always thought they were kind of neat. And then back in 2015, I got back into it hardcore. And it was because of papers like this 1977. I was born in 77. So 47 years ago, that paper was written. And that is the backbone. That is the bottom assumption on a whole stack of assumptions that's been built on top of it. And I think it's way incorrect. I think that there's way too many environmental variables. Can you do a peer review on it? It was, it was never published. So yeah, it wasn't a published paper. So you can't do a peer review

on a paper that's never would publish. Has anyone you or, I mean, George has published papers on this, right? Yeah. I don't know about Carolina Bays. He's published all the papers on the Younger Dries. Oh, okay. And then that's, again, to be quite honest, like I said, it's, I was totally on board with these Carolina Bays being part of the Younger Dries story.

I was on board with Samoa's ideas. I was like, man, I think this is right. I think this is what's happening. Carlson was connecting the Carolina Bays to the Younger Dries. That's why I got him involved with it. George was. Again, I'm kind of, I'm kind of the odd man out now, you know, because I'm like, I don't think that they are guys, you know, and I'm showing you why, you know, but I get a lot of pushback. It would be convenient if it was in a garage, right? It'd be a lot more fun.

Oh, you're not even kidding, man. Like, it felt like somebody punched me right in the stomach. When I, when I was showing Michael Davies at and I saw where they weren't, like there were none of them below that. Right, right. That shoreline. I was like, ooh. Like, actually, I had to go on earlier today because my last video during that time, because I do have a, because I do have a, YouTube channel. It's called the Dowler's Den. The last video I put out was in October, and that's when I found those paleo-Atlantic shorelines, and I was so sick to myself that I didn't post another video until, like, February. That's good, man. Good for you. Yeah, I had to take a big step back.

Most people would just, you know, grift, would just continue with the grift and just try to, like, keep letting you know. I caught myself doing that. I actually caught myself. I made a video about about Michael Davies. It's actually called the Delmarva conundrum, because you actually have a picture of it. You have, you have what I'm talking about, these short lines in the Del Marva Peninsula of, you know, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. So here, here, so this is part of the Delmarva Peninsula. And again, it's all farmland now. You actually have this highway that runs up in the middle of it. Oh, wow. But it's beautiful farmland. If you ever driven up this way, it's really pretty.

And where is this? This is the Chesapeake Bay right here. Okay, got it. This is the Atlantic Ocean. This is actually like the Outer Banks area. Got it. So, and, you know, they got the Chesapeake Bay tunnel. I don't know if you were driven up that way, but they got a tunnel.

Yeah, I've been through it. Yeah, yeah. And so you come back up farther down. But what's really neat about it, again, when you click on it, you can see where the Carolina Bays are. They're all right down this central peak. Now remember, you got to kind of get used to the colors, right? Yeah.

So blue is sea level. And then as you go up, the colors change. And then this next blue is 10 meters up. Right. So this is low. This is high. Then back down low. It's confusing as hell.

Well, you get used to it. I promise. Right. So, yeah, because some people look at this and they think it looks like a valley. But it's actually the peak of Delmarva Peninsula. That's why the highway is there. And so it's at only the highest parts. And then it's at the red part, too.

Okay. So here, this is where it gets interesting because, again, the, the, the way that I'm looking at this, the hypothesis would be that the sea levels rose, it washed the bays away, and then it went away, right? And so basically there's kind of like a rule that you don't find Carolina Bays below 30 feet in elevation because that's how high the sea levels rose 125,000 years ago. 30 feet higher than today, right? And then the sea levels dropped.

So you shouldn't find any Carolina Bays below 30 feet. But we do find some like right here, right? Now, what I found was interesting, and again, I call this the exception of the rule, is that this whole area is subsiding. The whole Delmarva Peninsula is actually sinking. It's slowly sinking. It could be isostatic rebound. It could be just tectonics, whatever. But it's slowly, I mean, really slow.

It's measurable. You can, you know, they do studies on this. A lot of it has to do with the extraction of fresh water and it's causing it the sink. Oh, really? Yeah, I mean, that's kind of speeding it up a little bit. But so you do find Carolina Bays that are a little bit lower. My point of bringing this up, though, was I was arguing with Michael Davies about this. And I caught myself drifting because I was like, you know, oh, well, this could have been like a major flood or something of the young dry ice psychosis.

And I have a video about it. And I was like, I had to go back later. I was like, that's not what happened, man. This was the ocean came up. The ocean came up, watched this stuff away. And the whole area has been sinking since then. Right. You also find areas like Charleston, they're actually rising, too.

So this is another exception to the rule. You find areas around Charleston, South Carolina, where you should find Carolina Bays, if they were formed at any time in the past. Right. Especially at the Younger Dries, because this whole area was high and dry during the Younger Dries. So you should find Carolina base all over this area of South Carolina. But they're not there. No, when you click on it, you'll see, like, there's some at the very highest points.

Yeah. Like there's a couple really nice ones right there and a couple up here. here. All of this area, you should be able to see them. These are actually, all this area is higher than 30 feet. So we should even see them if, if they were formed 400,000 or, you know, 708,000 years ago. Right. But I think what happened was when you push the time frame back to the mid-plocene, that allows for a tremendous amount of time for geology to take place, you know, rising and falling of seas and things like that. And tectonic uplift. And that's what's happening here is they have this area slowly but surely being. lifted up. They have earthquakes, or Charleston's well known for having earthquakes. And so that whole area's been lifting up and this, we should see

Carolina Bay here, but they're not because it's slowly rising. Interesting, man. Can you imagine if we had one day some sort of like chat GPT, they could travel through time and tell us what was going on? That's going to happen. It's got to happen. I got a question. So can't you

run it through a simulation? Like propose a give, like make a computer simulate like an ice impact instead of a rock? You could, yeah, you can't. There's a guy out there he's not very known at all. Like he's just some guy on the, I don't even know what he does, but he's

really, really good at computer animation and using those, I'm terrible at computer programming stuff. I'm awful at it. But he's been putting together simulations of an impact and what would happen and then I can't remember his name is

it's D-S and I always have to go back and look at it he's got a YouTube channel and you could probably probably click on it and the problem is he took a bunch off too

he had a bunch of really cool stuff and then people started checking it out and then he took it off why the hell would you take it off I don't know here's a good representation of it

like you could also to simulate the wind, like that dude's dissertation? Yeah, yeah. Oh, I see what you're saying. Yeah, you can disprove or prove the wind as well. Yeah, definitely. Yeah. Yeah, so right now what he was discussing was the impact would go through the ice

and the explosion itself would come from the bottom. And so the ice cap itself is exploding from the bottom of the impact. And the ice is spread that way. And so it's kind of a neat. Oh, okay. Yeah, it's kind of a neat way that he's kind of going about it. Again, I have no idea what he's using and how he's doing it. But it is, they are neat simulations on how to do that.

And you're right, Steve. You know, there should be ways that you could, you know, go through and find what would have to happen. You know, what exact criteria would you need to make perfect ellipses with wind and water like that? And again, what I tell, you know, some people that are arguing about it, I'm like, you know, do you, if you had like, as unlimited resources and had a lot of, lab and you can, you know, do you think that you can make a perfect lips with, with wind and water? Right. And even if you did, could you make another one right next to it? And can you make three or four of them side by side?

And then take your whole experiment and take it outside. Are you going to be able to get the same thing? And, you know, the variables that go into one of these, you know, one of these experiments, there's just so many things that could happen to change. I mean, everything from like the soil type, you know, the vegetation, all of that would be a variable that would give you a different. That's, you know, one of the main things we teach about in school is, you know, the scientific method and using the scientific method. And you have to account for your variables. And that wasn't done. And they haven't really touched it since 1977. Now, I can go to the beach today. We can go right now, go back down to Indian

rocks and kick some water right out of the ocean onto the ground. And we, within two seconds, we can make Carolina Bays. That's interesting. Yeah, man, it looks just like that. Yep. I mean, we can go. I mean, the substrate's the same. It's sand.

You know, the coastal plain is mostly sandy. The dude, I mean, the people who have researchers in the past, though, it's not likely that they were, like, multidisciplinary where they, like, studied the cosmos or, like, the history of, like, media streams. Right. Even Kausauorski went on to become an oil scientist. Yeah. Like, we have the luxury today to, like, watch all these amazing YouTube videos and listen

to Randall-Cars for hours, talk about all this, you know, know, wildly interesting shit that these guys had no access to, you know? Yeah, back then. When they came up with their ideas. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I think if they just had LiDAR, if they just had LiDAR, they would look at that. Like, I don't know why when LiDAR became, like, accessible, why every geologists on the planet didn't come back and look at these calendar bays and be like, hold out, guys,

we got to go back and reexamine these because there's no way wind and water created these. There's no, it's impossible. It's impossible. Right. And that's a hard word, you know, when you say something's impossible. there is no chance that this could have happened 70 plus thousand times. If you go to Wikipedia, by the way, they say there's half a million of them. Oh, really?

There's not. There's not. You know, it's just, it's, it needs to be reexamined. It needs to be, it needs to be, you know, put into geology books. It's not even, I've got a slide here of a handful of geology and earth science books that I have access to in my own classroom. And not one mention of Carolina Bays. Really? Not even one.

Not even one. If you go to a university, my graduate level books, not one mention of Carolina, but they are so dominant, man. They are so everywhere. And nobody talks about them. People live in the middle of them have no clue that they're there. Right. And it's, I think there's a really neat story there.

I think there's a really neat story that needs to be finished. Yeah, man. It's not. Yeah, it's totally fascinating. And it needs more attention on it, which, you know, you're doing a great job of getting the word out, you and Randall and George. Yeah. And, you know, hopefully.

Hopefully we can get some people to start digging into this. Yeah, that's the goal. That has been the goal from the beginning. I'm not the guy. I'm not the one that I'm a huge introvert. There's going to be people that I work with that are going to see this episode. And they're going to be like, dude, I had no idea you were into that. I'm serious.

I'm serious. And, you know, I'm not the guy to be doing this. I want to see grad students. I want to see, you know, new geology professors. I want to, that's been my target audience from the, beginning of doing this. You know, I wasn't about growing a YouTube channel. It wasn't about, you know, going off to do conferences with, uh, with Randall and those guys, which is awesome. It's been a really neat, you know, side, you know, side event, but. Yeah, dude, that event is what

was wild. That was really cool to see all those people. Yeah. All those people get together. Yeah. And, uh, I'm super glad that I went first, though. And I'm also glad that you guys missed it because I don't think I'd be here if you saw. You know, like, oh, yeah, yeah, we got the Carolina Bays. We got that figured out. That's funny. Uh, but yeah, um, but yeah, I'm glad I went first because like I said, I got super nervous. You know, the first year I did it, that was, Cosmic Summit 23 was in a big area, you know, and like everybody was in the same area.

And we had some technical difficulties during mine. The power went out on it, and I was like, oh, my God. Oh, shit. Yeah, yeah. So I was like really nervous. Last year, it was much better. And I went first, so I didn't have time to get nervous. It was good.

Yeah. That's great, man. Yeah, yeah. Cool, man. Well, thanks for coming. And where can people find your YouTube channel and all that stuff? So my YouTube channel is Dablers Den. I have not taken anything off.

Like I said, I got the gut punch, and I completely changed my mind. I put disclaimers on that. But, yeah, I, you know, YouTube is where you can find me. I'm on Twitter, Daveler's Den on Twitter. Facebook is mostly for, like, family and friends and stuff like that. I don't really use Instagram very often. But Twitter and, you know, comment on some of the videos on YouTube. And that's where you can find me.

Okay, beautiful. Yeah, we'll link everything below. And what do you got, Steve, Patreon? Yeah, we got a few questions. You want to read some here and then finish on Patreon? Let's just do it on Patreon. That was good. That's it. Thanks again, man. All right, appreciate it.

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