Two In The Think Tank - 419 - Accidental Inventions

Episode Date: November 1, 2023

This week's episode is devoted to accidental inventions. From the match stick, to Play-Doh, super glue, to the humble ice cream cone. It turns out many of our favourite inventions came about purely by... accident. But it's no accident that on this episode we are joined by the great Michelle Brasier!This is a comedy/history podcast, the report begins at approximately 06:52 (though as always, we go off on tangents throughout the report).Support the show and get rewards like bonus episodes: patreon.com/DoGoOnPodSupport the show on Apple podcasts and get bonus episodes in the app: http://apple.co/dogoon Live show tickets: https://dogoonpod.com/live-shows/ Submit a topic idea directly to the hat: dogoonpod.com/suggest-a-topic/ Check out our AACTA nominated web series: http://bit.ly/DGOWebSeries​ Our awesome theme song by Evan Munro-Smith and logo by Peader ThomasDo Go On acknowledges the traditional owners of the land we record on, the Wurundjeri people, in the Kulin nation. We pay our respects to elders, past and present. Other inventions covered: Penicillin, Post-it notes, granny smith apples, microwave, smoke alarmsREFERENCES AND FURTHER READING:https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/15-of-the-coolest-accidental-inventions.htm#pt2 https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kelloggs-corn-flakes-masturbation/https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a19567/how-the-microwave-was-invented-by-accident/ https://theconversation.com/myth-about-how-science-progresses-is-built-on-a-misreading-of-the-story-of-penicillin-120990https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/accidental-invention-play-doh-180973527/ https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/03/half-of-inventions-arise-unexpectedly-from-serendipity-not-direct-research/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

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Discussion (0)
Starting point is 00:00:00 Hey everybody, Jess and Dave, just jumping in really quickly at the top here to make sure that you are across all the details for our upcoming Christmas show. That's right, we are doing a live show in Melbourne Saturday December the 2nd, 2023, our final podcast of the year, our Christmas special. It's downstairs at Morris House, which usually be called the European beer cafe. On Saturday December the 2nd, 2023 at 4.30pm, come along, come one, come all, and get tickets at Doogawon. My name is Dave Warnicki and as always I'm here with Jess Perkins, Hello Jess. Hello Dave. You've been a vibrato for a fantastic look. I don't know why. It's a possibility that we can get some more of that. From our special
Starting point is 00:00:59 guest this week, please welcome Michelle Brazier. Hello, Dave. Oh, she's a piece of shit. Hi, Jess. Honestly, one of my best friends in the world, I'll say it. I want to be on the record saying that. I was totally sure that. She's a piece of shit. Thank you. Yeah, one of my ride or dies would call her in an emergency, but Jesus Christ, she's a piece of shit.
Starting point is 00:01:22 You're so good too. She will make you look worthless. She's just so good at everything. It's annoying. Anyway, thanks for coming on the dumb little pug cars. Whatever. I'm having a heavy year, Michelle. Thank you so much, Dave.
Starting point is 00:01:37 God, what if I have no women supporting women? All right, so I asked myself when you went, Dave, whatever. No. No. What else do I have? I asked myself when you went, Dave! Oh, no! Oh, no! Welcome to the podcast! I think we should do the whole episode in like a transatlantic accent. People would love it.
Starting point is 00:01:55 I would love it. I wouldn't find it insufferable at all. I'm also not totally sure I can do it or what it sounds like. Yeah, I was just going to say, what's a transatlantic accent? Is that it? Yeah, it's the... Samantha Jones. Samantha Jones has a bit of a transatliting accent is that it yeah, it's that it's Samantha Jones If Samantha Jones has a bit of a transatlite and just turning up and sing the same Scooby-Doo. Yeah This is gonna be fun
Starting point is 00:02:15 Welcome to the podcast as well and welcome to block. Yeah I got here. I walked in here. I said guys am I in block? I said I Didn't prepare anything, I have interest. I'm probably, I don't know, I'm scared. I mean, yeah, typically, we do often invite you to our awards nights. That's true. That's true. But yeah, be your own block, baby. It's an exciting time.
Starting point is 00:02:38 And then one of the top five, it's the fifth most voted for. If people don't know the concept of blockbuster tape, or wherever you've been, it's the biggest month, slash two months, in the Dugo on podcasting calendar. We put out a big poll and said, hey, what do you want us to talk about, about thousands of votes, and the votes were tabulated. The top nine were selected for Blockbuster Tobe and Blowvemba, which was annexed for some reason, to make it bigger, a better and better. And this is the fifth most popular topic.
Starting point is 00:03:04 Can you believe us? It's been a wild ride better. And this is the fifth most popular topic. Can you believe it? It's been a wild ride so far. We had a little bit of everything. When you said, we put out a big pole, I painted like a really big boom pole that you, with a mic on the end of your, like putting out to the general public, going just yell what you want.
Starting point is 00:03:19 Yeah, you there boy. What are we talking about? What do I see? There's probably better ways to do it, but that's the only way we know it. No, that's the right way. I've said thousands of votes. It took months. It's tradition.
Starting point is 00:03:32 People go to Italy to see people do that tradition. Yeah. Because they have they have blocked over in Italy. Yeah. And I go and I go. I go. Look tomm. Yeah, like that.
Starting point is 00:03:41 Yeah. Is that good? I don't know. That was really good. That was really good. That was really good. That was translated. Yes. Okay, now we always start this show with a question, and it's my turn to report on a topic
Starting point is 00:03:53 this week, the fifth most voter for a topic, and just in theory has seen this topic written down in a long list somewhere when the topic's resigned, but I am very confident you have no idea what I'm talking about. No, I'm certain she won't. I could have just But I am very confident you have no idea what I'm talking about. No idea. I'm setting two way. I could have just looked at it, but I have no idea. So I'm going to give you a little list here. And you can buzz it at any time. But the question is, what do the following things have in common?
Starting point is 00:04:14 We've got the slinky dynamite. Oh, yep. Posted notes. Okay. Super glued. Coca-Cola and matches. Okay, I've got an answer straight off the bat. Yeah, they're all things.
Starting point is 00:04:31 Okay, nouns, yes, they are nouns. Damn it. Okay. I don't need to give you a little bit more stuff. It's about nouns. It's the history of nouns. Okay, we've officially run out of things to talk about. Okay, I'll do it. It's 419.
Starting point is 00:04:45 You imagine that people voted for nouns. The fifth most popular topic. And the verbs was number four. Do they have the same inventor? No, but it is something to do with your... Roman Michele. It is something to do with their invention. Post-event, that's very good.
Starting point is 00:04:58 Is it, is this, are they, are they, they can't be people who died by their own invention, is it? No, accidental inventions. They were all invented by accident. No, no, no, no, no. Because look at how you died by Coca-Cola or Post at night. You fall in, it's that good. The dream.
Starting point is 00:05:16 No, these were all invented by accident. There's a fifth and most popular topic, four blockbuster 2023. It's basically accidental inventions. Ooh, I like that. I've got a list. We're gonna go through some of them here. Great.
Starting point is 00:05:28 Including some of that I already mentioned and some more. Oh my God, exciting. So he's done a little trailer at the top of the episode. And then you've really hooked a set. Yeah, you hooked. You want to hear about Superglue? Well, it's coming up.
Starting point is 00:05:40 Oh my God, wait. My friend Ruben Kaye, Supergl glues me to myself all the time. Every August, every August. Every August, yeah. An August tradition. Yeah, yeah. Even in Edinburgh, Edinburgh, French, when I'm at my lowest low and I'm at my most tired, to pick me up, you'll find an item
Starting point is 00:05:57 to offer me, often when I'm like crying, be like, babe, here you go. And sometimes it's a vegan chicken nugget because the UK corn one's very good. shout out to the corn vegan nuggets from the UK And they're better in the UK than here. They're much better in the UK. They're a different texture I don't know what's going on. Yeah completely completely different nugget finally done good food over there No, that's what others say I love that food. Do you do good food? Have you been to bubbleer and London? Oh, you've got to go Scooby-Doo, darling.
Starting point is 00:06:28 My friend Katie is a chef there. Oh, yum. So she's not at bubbler, but she is a chef in London, but she did work at bubbler, but that's fine. What I'm trying to say is that Ruben will sometimes offer me a nugget as a gesture of kindness and it will have superglue on it. Good.
Starting point is 00:06:44 And then I will be glued to the nugget. Or you're glued to a lot of wine. Yeah, you're classified it. It will glue something to you. Yeah. And how do you react to that in the moment? I always laugh. Okay, great.
Starting point is 00:06:54 It really does help. It works. Yeah. Yeah, that's so funny. Yeah. Now this topic has been suggested by a couple of people in different ways. One of them said just to do accidental inventions
Starting point is 00:07:04 and one named a couple. So thank you so much to Scott Coventry from Grenyc and Jonathan McGee from Frederick in Maryland. Jonathan McGee from Frederick in Maryland. That's good. I like it. I like what I've saw. I hope they like it because I'm not
Starting point is 00:07:19 going to stop doing this. No, no, should you. Now humans have been inventing for thousands of years. Wow. You know this? Really? From the wheel of Mesopotamia to the latest iPhone sold at the Chadston shopping center.
Starting point is 00:07:30 Yeah. Can you believe it? But not all inventions have been on purpose. Some of the best and longest lasting were created by accident and have a lasting legacy. New York Times columnist Pagan Kennedy, which is an incredible name, wrote a series of articles
Starting point is 00:07:45 on inventions that eventually became the basis of a book called Inventology. Pagan writes, one survey of patent holders found that an incredible 50% of patents resulted from what could be described as a serendipitous process. Thousands of survey respondents reported that their idea evolved when they were working on an unrelated project and often when they weren't even trying to invent anything at all. Wow. So I imagine that up to 50% of all inventions could have been the result of some sort of happy accident.
Starting point is 00:08:14 Because you're just giving it a go. Exactly. You've got to be in it to win it. Yeah. You're out there sticking things together. My parents invented me by accident. Wow. Yeah. Isn't that amazing? I'm one of the longest lasting invention. One of the most influential too. Very, but yeah. Yes. If you tell me to buy
Starting point is 00:08:33 something, I'll buy it. Yeah, I'll buy it. I interrupted you, Jason. I'm sorry. I'm a terrible invention. Now, a couple of the ones I mentioned at the top, we've actually talked about before, Coco Cola had its own episode. Yes, I'm sure you remember episode 77. 77, yes, all those years ago. Of course, I remember it very well. Uh, Dynamite, we talked about its creator, Alfred Nobel, and episode 199. Yep, remember that also, of course. And for some reason, we did a full bonus episode on the slinky and the weird story of its creation.
Starting point is 00:09:00 Indeed. But the other ones I mentioned, well, let's get to them and more. Starting with an invention from 1826, British pharmacist John Walker invented the match stick. Or the friction match, it was called friction match. Friction match. I don't like it. Friction match.
Starting point is 00:09:19 I don't know why. Friction match. Yeah, it's really easy to mess up saying it. Friction match. Friction match. Okay, you got it first time, it's really easy to mess up saying it. Fraction, Mitch. That's way too much. Oh, you really got it first time. It's pretty good. He developed a keen interest in trying to find a means
Starting point is 00:09:31 of obtaining fire easily. Before this, it was grab a couple of sticks and start rubbing or grab the nearest nerd's glasses. Okay, it's important, pointy to my face. Classic. Several chemical mixtures were already known to ignite by a sudden explosion, but it had not been found possible to transmit the flame to a slow, burning substance like wood.
Starting point is 00:09:49 So I think they were trying to get like a safe process. They were like, we know how to blow up an entire barn. Yeah. How do we make a bonfire? There was nothing in between of the two. How do I get some of the fire from that burning barn over here? Every town had a constantly burning barn and you went up to it. Like a well, but for fire. Just minimum fire please. There's two bucks worth. What's a family size fire? Well Walker was preparing a lighting mixture on one occasion,
Starting point is 00:10:20 a match which had been dipped in the mixture, took fire by accident upon rubbing against the hearth. It rubbed along the hearth. What's a hearth? Like the fire place. He picked it up, it rubbed along the top and it caused friction and instantly burst into a small flame and he went, I think I've got something here. Wow. Or be it accidentally. He said it's substance that he rubbed and went, oh that works.
Starting point is 00:10:44 He started making wooden splints or sticks of cardboard coated with sulfur, which is the part of the mixture. And tipped with a mixture of sulfide of antimony, chlorate of potash, potash, and gum. I was going to say that's what I would do to this. Yeah, yeah, yeah, gum. Yeah, that's extra chewing gum. Yeah. chewing gum if it disc caught flames every time. That any slight friction in your mouth. It actually does. Yeah.
Starting point is 00:11:10 If you cheaty hide, you will catch fire. You gotta be really careful. Oh my god. Happens all the time. He sold what he called his friction lights. That's the original name. It's friction lights. It's a bit better.
Starting point is 00:11:20 Friction lights better than friction match. Friction match. Friction match. To locals in April 1827s When it first started selling each box came with a piece of sandpaper to create a friction with the lights Yeah, right. He's a little sandpaper for it. He didn't patent his invention. Fuck it idiot And I've heard two reasons of war fence one very strip club in the world would owe him money They all have their own matches
Starting point is 00:11:44 I've heard you know what I mean. Yeah, yeah, that's a thing He money. They all have their own matches. A fish club. You know what I mean? Yeah, a fish club. Yeah, that's a thing. A fish club. Did you just look to me to be like, did I say the politically incorrect way of strip club? Is that what you know? Is it sex work adventure house?
Starting point is 00:11:56 What is it called? Haunted house per se. They pop out, but they don't scare you. They turn you on. They're never as consenting. No, no, no. It was more like a thing. Haunted house for sex. They, they, they pop out, but they don't scare you, they turn you on.
Starting point is 00:12:07 And everyone's consenting. No, no, no, it was more like, is this for a closer do? Yeah, I do, I think they do. Yeah, and when ladies lounge. I used to have like, I think my, growing up, I found my dad had this, or collection of matches that he'd got at every hotel. Yeah, but everyone's, because I used to be doing things. Yeah, yeah, yeah.
Starting point is 00:12:23 And many more, but he had, you know, dozens of boxes. Yeah, but everyone's been doing it. Yeah, I'm doing it. I'm anymore, but he had dozens of boxes. But so he didn't patent his invention. I've heard both because he wanted to share his discovery with humanity, but also maybe because he just neglected to and missed out. So there's two. Is there a statute of limitations on when you can put in a patent for something?
Starting point is 00:12:37 I think you, it's still up for grabs. Fuck yeah. You should be care. I'm ever strip club in the world's gonna owe me money. What do you buy matches? Ah, strip clubs. I've never bought matches. They're just always there.
Starting point is 00:12:50 Yeah. Now they're in the aisle next to the batteries or I can have the soup market. Can you buy matches at the supermarket? Where do you get batteries? Soup market. That sounds like boy stuff. Yeah, oh yeah, yeah.
Starting point is 00:13:00 There are just batteries in my house. When I say that, I say, where do I send my men to get batteries? I can't go into the battery into the battery. Everybody will think I'm crazy. Say, ma'am, the tampax is over here. You're loud in one eye. So the invention took off and was improved on and changed to how society lights fires in a time before electricity, but it also had some terrible unintended consequences. Leading to something called Fossy Jor. I was never like,
Starting point is 00:13:30 I have such a great visual guy. I was just gonna try and do Fossy dancing with my door, and then I was like, I don't know how I'll do this and how I'll translate it to like audio, but I just want you guys to know that. I was really quick and smart, and so I have a quick smart and funny, know joke so yeah I could have done that I could have done it I would have been like and it would have been very funny yeah I don't know I can't do it I physically can't do it
Starting point is 00:13:55 and you can't hear it Fossy jaw now it the real name is phosphorus necrosis of the jaw which is nasty stuff commonly called Fossossi jaw, was a horrible disease in which workers in match factories were exposed to white phosphorus, the active ingredient in matches at the time, led the workers to develop unbearable painful abscesses in their mouth, leading to facial disfigurement and sometimes fatal brain damage, and it literally caused their jaw bones to rot. Oh my god, why specifically the jaw I wonder? Factory is bad always.
Starting point is 00:14:29 It's always bad in the factory. I've never, you never hear like all the factory workers were so lucky. They were all millionaires. Yeah, they're millionaires now. They've got chairs. Great work life balance, good hours, very flexible hours for people who have the lives and families.
Starting point is 00:14:46 Even Santa tried to have a re-brand called the workshop. We know, it's a factory manager. It's a factory Santa, come on mate. Come on mate. That's horrendous. But yeah, it is really interesting that it's attacked the same bone in every person. I guess that's what you breathed in all day long.
Starting point is 00:15:01 Red phosphorus was much safer, but more expensive so people didn't use it. Right, of course. There were lots of pushbacks against the use of the dangerous white phosphorus, including the 1888 matchgirls strike, which was an influential industrial action by the women and teenage girls working at the Bryant and May match factory in London, and it had lots of influence on future strikes and workers' rights, but still the chemical was used until white phosphorus was finally prohibited By the International Burn Convention in 1906 the full tada was the international convention Respecting the prohibition of the use of white phosphorus in the manufacturer of mattress. Jesus Christ
Starting point is 00:15:37 Was this before the radium girls? Simless similar sort of and this is they're often compared to each other. Ah, like which one's hotter? Yeah. No, in like each calendar. Like Camerrill. Yeah, right, him girl. Match to girl. Cool girl.
Starting point is 00:15:53 They're kind of girl. They're kind of, yeah, they often compared to each other as like workplace injuries or like on a mass level. Wow. Wow. Imagine like being one of the match to girls or whatever they call right. And like you're working on making something that you can't even go into a shop and purchase.
Starting point is 00:16:09 Yeah. Because you try and you take me out. And it's like what are you doing? Get out of here. Get out of here. Milk and eggs are over there. We're allowed to get milk and eggs. We're allowed. Okay. We're allowed. Don't look at us like that. I'm calling the police. We're allowed. You go play and you match the guy and we'll see what the counter is. See the kind of way around so much fun in the match to go. So fortunately over the years that followed that industrial use of white phosphorus Seaster we now long have people with fussy jaw, but that is an Unintentant consequence of his accidental invention. Wow. What a thought that that would happen. No next up we have
Starting point is 00:16:48 Post-it notes. Okay, great, which as he said, is covered in Ramyun Shells movie. Yeah, so we know how this one goes invented. Well, we know who, but I've never invented it. There isn't an alternative theory. I don't. No. In brackets, incorrect. I didn't know this was a fiction podcast.
Starting point is 00:17:02 Yes, you do. Post-it notes were invented by Arthur Fry. Oh, is there more to even post it? No, it's pointing to that. And a fry. Artie Fry. Post-it, bit man. I think there's something in Artie Fry as a business name. I think his business cards should be post-it notes. You know, he hands him out and then you can stick it somewhere. That's good. That'd posted notes. Yeah, hands them out and then you can stick it somewhere. That's good. That'd be good.
Starting point is 00:17:27 Yeah. If he hasn't done that. You can just stick it to people. Yeah. Cop that. Yeah, cop that. That was incredible. That was powerful.
Starting point is 00:17:35 I'm going to call that man. Arthur Frye. Arthur Frye, an American man who started working at the 3M company, originally the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Oh. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing company. Oh, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing. 3N. Wow. You know, from 3M hooks?
Starting point is 00:17:53 Yes, those same hooks. The very same. The very same. Mining and manufacturing. Are they still mining? Should I start buying 3M hooks? I don't think they are anymore. I don't think they are anymore.
Starting point is 00:18:02 I would stop out here for renters. I don't think they are anymore. But while studying a here for renters. I don't think they are anymore. But while studying chemical engineering degree, Arthur, I started working with the company in the 50s. And he stayed there a long time because in 1974, Fry attended a seminar given by a 3M colleague, Spent Sosilva. Oh, great name.
Starting point is 00:18:17 Spent Silva. What's that? What's that? Yes. And at the seminar, he spoke about a unique adhesive that he'd accidentally developed in 1969. Silver's innovation had an unusual molecular structure, yielding an adhesive strong enough to cling to objects, but weak enough to allow for a temporary bond so like you could take it off.
Starting point is 00:18:38 Yeah, he's made a shit glue. Yeah, really? He was like, this glue was so shit, I don't know what to do with it. You could stick paper to stuff, and then you could take it off pretty easily actually. Yeah, and he's like, but it's strong enough that you could stick it on again. Yeah.
Starting point is 00:18:52 And you get a few sticks out of it, and he was looking for a marketable use for the invention. He's like, I made shit glue, I don't know what to do. Silver didn't know, but his talk had lit a fire of an idea. Our guy, Arty Frye, worked in new product development and it was a bit of a thinker.
Starting point is 00:19:08 And to quote from howstuffworks.com, I guess this is how, I, you've both known as well. A singer in his church choir, Arty Frye was constantly frustrated that the bookmarks in his hymn book kept falling out, causing him to lose his place. Oh, I hate that.
Starting point is 00:19:24 So unwanks. falling out, causing him to lose his place. Oh, I hate that. So I'm like, Oh, I'm like, Oh, I'm like, Oh, I'm like, Oh, I'm like, Oh, I'm like, Oh, I'm like, Oh, I'm like,
Starting point is 00:19:32 Oh, I'm like, Oh, I'm like, Oh, I'm sorry for that. I'm just, I'm sorry for that. I'm sorry for that. I'm sorry for that. I'm sorry for that.
Starting point is 00:19:40 You understood, fella. That exact son of a, he then thought of silver's adhesive and that it could be used on paper as markers in his hymn book. This idea still didn't grab the attention of the company's executive. Why, it's so sexy. So yeah, I was in church, they're like snore.
Starting point is 00:19:55 But a lab manager named Jeff Nicholson was determined to get it to market. He thought it was a good idea. So he and his team created enough of the product to distribute free samples to businesses and people throughout. Boise Idaho, 90% of whom re-ordered the product. Wow. He's a little free sample and they were like, hey, that's shit was good. Can we have some more? And you might ask, why a most posted notes yellow? Well, that was also an accident. During the process of experimenting, Nicholson's team borrowed
Starting point is 00:20:24 some scrap paper from the lab next door and the paper happened to be yellow. During the process of experimenting, Nicholson's team borrowed some scrap paper from the lab next door and the paper happened to be yellow. After the scrap pile had been depleted, they simply continued ordering more yellow paper. They sort of took off as like the... No reason. They can get all sorts of different colors to the yellow. It's got the classic yellow. The classic yellow. The girls are allowed now. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they're allowed. I get a hot pink one that has lines on it, so I can write, you know, like, nice and neat. Yeah it, so I can write nice and neat, otherwise I'd write a little circle and I can't write it.
Starting point is 00:20:49 But that classic yellow you think of, it's a pretty boring yellow too. Yeah. So I do think jazz it up a little bit. Jazz it. I like a neutral post-it. Okay. Yeah. It's really nice.
Starting point is 00:21:02 Just like a brown. Like a beige. Brown or a beige. Forest green, you can't read the ink, but I love it. Just like a brown beige. Yeah, brown or beige. Forest green, you can't read the ink, but I love it. It's a beautiful palette. It's really nice. It doesn't interfere the energy of my space, which is the sacred space.
Starting point is 00:21:17 My buzz did stuff to match. My dog's prominent on my carpet, yes. Okay, yeah, cool. Just talking about my sacred space. Yeah. She was like, I don't know. We got a new wrap. He's like, I don't know. That was so good. Like it. We got a she vomit. We got a rug for the to put in the
Starting point is 00:21:39 spot where she always vomits. There's a spot where she like tries to make it outside and she doesn't quite make it. So that's where she vomits or shits if she's got diarrhea. That's her awful spot. And so we got her rug to be like, this rug is for you to shit up. And she's just vomiting all around the rug,
Starting point is 00:21:54 just everywhere near the rug. Oh, I respect the rug. I'm not gonna ruin the rug. Yeah, she's like, oh, not on the rug. Oh, God. It's a new rug. Your favorite thing, I know you like this rug. This rug.
Starting point is 00:22:03 They made a real song of dance of like putting it down and like showing me the rug. So I would hate to upset them. I'll vomit next to the rug. I'll vomit next to the rug. No, not on the rug. Their rug's from agencies. I'll find a hard place to clean up.
Starting point is 00:22:16 And I'll vomit there. So Adi Fry was honored with the company's top technical title after it became a worldwide bestseller. Corporate researcher. Oh my God, Addy congrats. Well, I can't. But he said, my biggest reward is to see so many people use and appreciate my product.
Starting point is 00:22:31 But wouldn't it be better if you had to keep some money? Yeah, if I had a cent for every person at night, that would be even better. Yeah, that would be one day. And they come in like a 20 perk. So that's 20 cents per pack. Per pack. They sell millions.
Starting point is 00:22:41 He'd be crushing it. Post-it notes are sold in more than 150 countries and fry is still alive today age 91 Wow, I go that rules, but there is controversy. There is a rival claim as to who invented the post it No Romeo Michelle. A third claim. Oh Another American inventor named Alan Amron, who invented these, you know, you know, these inventions, the photo wallet and also battery operated water pistols. Oh, okay. So the runs of the board, he claims that he was the inventor of the person.
Starting point is 00:23:18 No, Amron has made claims to be the inventor in 1973 of the technology used on person notes. And he said he disclosed his invention to 3M, the big company in 1974. He sued 3M in 1997, which resulted in a confidential settlement. A settlement? Yes, we don't know. Was Romeo and Michelle in the settlement as well? I would hope so. Yeah, it was a three way settlement.
Starting point is 00:23:37 Three way, three way settlement. Amarons, pretty interesting guy. He's Wikipedia page, which is a Wikipedia.org, just a website about inventors I found. Oh. It says that in 1976, he's WikiPediaPad, which is a WikiPedia.org, just a website about inventors I found. It says that in 1976 he created the International Committee to reunite the Beatles. What? Which failed. What a fucking nerd. Yeah, he sounds like he has too much time, when he says. He placed radio and newspaper advertisements asking everyone to donate a dollar, which would then be given to the Beatles to reunite our records. Do you think that it went to the Beatles or do you think maybe he took it to make some battery? I don't think anybody gave him any money. Oh, you're drinking that delicious orange juice, Dave.
Starting point is 00:24:13 How'd you like this? I love that juice. It's actually so good. That's the best orange juice. Didn't I say when I first had a sip of said, this is very good. It's your first time son's testing It's your first son's it's to be honest it was the last one of the fridge at the cafe We went and I thought I was thinking that I was getting the poor man's juice. No mate. You have because it was all that was it
Starting point is 00:24:33 Rock, gold, but it's absolutely delicious. Is it son's it? Is there sugar in this? Like is it just no? It's just juice and it's got pulpy in it as God intended. It's fantastic This is not what I've had. No, but how is it so different to other juices I wonder? It tastes so good. It tastes really good. There's a reason that was only one left in the whole fridge. Yeah, that's right.
Starting point is 00:24:51 You were lucky. It's a good juice. But you know before like all the juices that you get at the, like what's such as nudy juices? Yeah, good juice. Yeah, that's the one I often read. It's a pre-nudy. So before nude was even,
Starting point is 00:25:04 when nude was fully clothed, a sun zest was at fish and chip shops around the country enticing you. And I said, yes, please. And I'll never gone back. I mean, I'll have it. I'll have it any orange juice. I'm not a loyalist.
Starting point is 00:25:18 I just want to make a big deal. You're a fan. I'm a big fan and I think it's a small company. It's probably I'm back at Coca-Cola, but it looks like small company. I love it. It has that family biz look. I've got the maiden Australia made from an Australian grown organic oranges too. So they go. Organic oranges. Look at that. Wow. Go on your son's list. 375 mils of pure heaven. Who inventants on zest? Johnny Sun.
Starting point is 00:25:43 Wow. Wow. Yeah, anything. He? Johnny Sun. Wow. Whoa. Do you have anything? Sun'sest. And his best friend, Greg resist. Yeah, put them together. Oh. Greg'sest. Six.
Starting point is 00:25:54 Six. Six last. Actually, this is really good. Shhh, just zest. Just zest. Okay, not for me, maybe. What about zest? Just zest.
Starting point is 00:26:04 Shelders. David'sest. David She'll resist David's is David's is God David's is amazing. Yes, I'm a real pleasure. You honestly got just like hotter just then You said David's is like oh my god fuck day. This is great For the kid's For the kids. She will finally fuck you. I'm certain of it. I'm certain. Finally.
Starting point is 00:26:29 David Zest. Could this be a new me? Yeah. Everyone. Start calling me David Zest. Let's try and get this act. No, as soon as you try to make an ignited. I do not call me David Zest.
Starting point is 00:26:39 Do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy hero. I do not call me a sexy? Yeah, how are I, David Zest? Do you not read Brandy as an absolute sex machine? I'm even, David Zest. All right, post it notes, tick.
Starting point is 00:26:49 From one sticky thing to one of the stickiest things, super glue and chicken nuggets. Yeah. You can check in nuggets. During World War II, Harry Kova was working for Eastman Codex Chemical Division in Rochester, New York. He was part of a team conducting research with chemicals known as cyanoecrolites. Yeah, that's close enough.
Starting point is 00:27:12 In an effort to find a way to make a clear plastic that could be used for precision, for precision, for precision gun sites for soldiers. It's hard to say precision gun sites. It is hard to say. How we go? Almost as hard as what was the match one? Yeah, I was going to the Pritchin match. Pritchin match.
Starting point is 00:27:32 So this one is precision gun sights. Oh, god, you're good. Precision gun sights. You're both much better than me. Yeah. So first soldiers, while working with the chemicals, the researchers discovered that they are extremely sticky. And this property made them very difficult to work with.
Starting point is 00:27:49 They run about. They're down your arms. I'm trying. I'm trying. It's like Guns of Kimbo that, and Daniel Radcliffe, maybe very well, he wakes up when he's got guns. Nice. And Dan, is that what happened? It was what started the war, you say?
Starting point is 00:28:06 They would apparently, like, just, they'd be so annoyed because everything would just stick to, they'd just like, they'd hammered like stick to the fridge and they'd be, fuck. They'd hammer these fucking stickies. Yeah, they'd be really annoyed. They'd be like, oh, I'm trying to get stuck. No.
Starting point is 00:28:20 They found that, whatever the product that came up with would bond anything to anything and it was just annoying. So they were like, okay, this isn't feasible to make gun sites out of because it's too sticky. Move on. Then in 1951, our man, Koova, experimented with a glue yet again this time to develop heat resistant jet aeroplane canopies.
Starting point is 00:28:42 And again, canopies. Canopies. Canopies. It again, canopies. Canopies. Take your heat resistant. And these ones are gluten free. They're all sticky. Because again, everything was annoyingly sticky. Heney's team tried the substance on various items in the lab and each time the items became permanently bonded together.
Starting point is 00:29:00 Ah! Ah! Ah! It is so much. Shit! I wonder if it will... No, shit! Well, surely not the shit!
Starting point is 00:29:12 Like the boss walks in one day after a day of research and like 15 researchers are all glued together. Oh, hell! I don't know, don't you know what's up? My landlord, I had this crazy landlord for a time. And he was like, this old Italian man, and he lived two doors down. And one day, he got stuck in our house.
Starting point is 00:29:35 So he came home, and he was out in the backyard. And he'd sat on, you know those chairs that are like, wrought iron and they're sort of curly and white? He'd sat on one of those. He always wore a leather jacket, even though he was 6,000 years old. And I came out of the back of the head, this weird voice. And he would always just come over with no real reason. He'd just be there, just sort of say.
Starting point is 00:29:53 And I lived with Demi Lander and he referred to her as the little one. He would tell any traities that the little ones in charge. And I was like, I came home one day and he was just yelling from the back yard, Michelle! Michelle! After that guy, I was like, what are you doing, mate? And he's like, I'm stuck. And he's jacketed, like, looped onto one of the curls of the chair and instead of taking off his jacket, he's staying stuck to the chair
Starting point is 00:30:20 in the brain. In my back yard, where he legally should not be. He could have just taken the jacket off. Could have just taken the jacket off. I don't looped it. I'm way too close. Michelle, how long have you been out there, do you know? He said he'd been there for hours. He's like, I would rather die here than take my jacket off.
Starting point is 00:30:37 And how did you get him out of that situation? Did you take the jacket off? I immediately just like, unlooped him. It was so easy. I was like, oh, it was really good. He'd been there for hours. Yeah. I love him.
Starting point is 00:30:49 He was really good. I love him too. He was the best landlord ever had. He was crazy. He was so crazy. Me show. It's the real stock together. The real stock, so Cuban notices, fun.
Starting point is 00:31:01 We can't make a start to a chair. We can't make a shit out of this. But this stuff's really sticky. Maybe we could use it as a sticky thing. Yeah. So, he made... Stop trying to make a sticky thing be a not sticky thing. Yeah, like a solid thing.
Starting point is 00:31:14 Just go lead into it. Just let it be sticky. If you got a couple of kids and one of them is like an amazing dancer, you're not going to make that dancer be a mathematician. Yeah, and if you've got a couple of kids and one of them's an adhesives, don't try to make it a dancer. Encourage them to be sticky.
Starting point is 00:31:33 They're gonna have terrible footwork. It's gonna be so bad. So they'll be able to do that marker just actually thing when they lean forward real good. Yeah, that's true, but that's all. That's the only move. The moon walk is out of the question. So he realized these sticky adhesives had unique properties and that they required no heat or pressure to bond and he paid
Starting point is 00:31:49 Intent the product as alcohol catalyzed Siano acrolyte adhesive compositions slash super glue Beautiful away with words. Yeah, that's poem and he began refining the product for commercialization Yeah, that's power. And he began refining the product for commercialization. According to Lemelson and MIT, later it became known as superglue and Cooper became somewhat of a celebrity himself. Appearing on television in the show, I've got a secret where he lifted the host Gary Moore off the ground using a single drop of the substance. He also appeared in TV commercials for superglue. Wow. I don't think you could lift a man with a single drop of Super Glue. I think there's Vincent Trickery. Do you think it'd have
Starting point is 00:32:30 Ruben glued you to a nugget and then could pick you up by the nugget? I've never been picked up by a nugget. I've never had that pleasure. I'll try. It's not like you should go on an episode of I've got a secret I've got a spade, I've never been picked up by a nugget I can't see in the show That's how it's been by Steve O from From Jackass And it's like it's like called killer karaoke or something and people have to sing a song Whilst they put their hands into boxes full of like spiders Singing but screaming this is a American woman. she's very confident, she's singing that like before he cheats
Starting point is 00:33:11 song and she's like, singing it all down and we're pretty little things. It's the best team I've ever seen. I can't think of anything better. I'm right for TV, I'm gonna quit. It's a bit short. We've clocked TV. Perfect TV does exist. Everyone, look it up. Don't you, too. I love it. I've never heard of it. I'm gonna check it out. Before he cheats, Kylikariaki, I'm gonna show you guys how to do that. Come on, wait. So you love it. So yeah, it took off, superglue, and during the Vietnam War that followed, it was discovered that the glue had medical applications as well.
Starting point is 00:33:49 Field surgeons began using the substance by spraying it over open wounds, which stopped bleeding instantly and allowed hurt soldiers to be transported to medical facilities for conventional treatment. Wow. But then you have to get off the superglue. Yeah, that bit probably hurts. Yeah. I guess you're like, well, you didn't bleed to death. the super glue. Yeah, that that bit probably hurts. Yeah. I guess you're like, well, you didn't bleed to death.
Starting point is 00:34:06 That's true. On the helicopter ride over. Over the course of his career, Harikurva was awarded more than 460 patents. Oh. In 2010, he received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation from President Obama. This is the highest honor the United States
Starting point is 00:34:21 can offer to a US citizen for achievements related to technological progress. And Kuvadad in 2011 aged 94. Wow. These inventors live long lives. Wow, they're being rewarded. Thanks for contributing to society. Thank you for your service. Have a long life. Probably superglue to himself to it there. Yeah.
Starting point is 00:34:43 Try and take me. Superglue to himself to it, there. Yeah. Try and take me. Superglue to his soul to his body. Yeah. Suck the indicates. Mm-hmm. Ha-ha-ha. Death comes. See, no, the whole thing is like,
Starting point is 00:34:54 Death's like, come on, fucko. Ah, let's go. I can't get him. I can't get him, we suck. Death turned up with some coconut oil and it just worked it through. How about the microwave? Okay.
Starting point is 00:35:07 I don't have a microwave. Oh my gosh, they're the do I? But just because we moved to a new place and it didn't fit in the cup and sweet just left it the whole place. No, I haven't microwave. I just wish, I just like, canonically don't have one. Oh, okay, great, great.
Starting point is 00:35:22 Do you know how to name? Like, in terms of my brand, I don't have a microwave. Oh, okay, great, great. Do you know the name? Like, in terms of my brand, I don't have my clients. Oh, great, great, great. I don't think I use my microwave that much, but I think I'm quite useless, and the times when I do use it, if I didn't have it, I'd be like, I have nothing, I don't know what to do.
Starting point is 00:35:38 I don't know what else would I boil water? It's not the way. I think that that's what Americans do, right? Yeah. They do, they put it in the microwave? I believe so. Or something like that way. I think that that's what Americans do, right? Yeah. They do, they put it in the microwave? I believe so. Or something like that? Or maybe they put it on a pot.
Starting point is 00:35:49 Oh, yeah. Stove. They don't have a kettle. Yeah, kettle's aren't super common. Just walking around. No kettle. They go to work, no kettle. No kettle at the work.
Starting point is 00:35:57 No kettle on the tube. Yeah. That's what I love about London. You go on the tube and there's two. Kettles. The kettle's everywhere. Every single one's there in a little kettle. They love her. You go on the tube and the... The Kettles! The Kettles everywhere. Every single zone, little kettle. You love her?
Starting point is 00:36:07 You make cup of tea, enjoy your ride. I love the tube. I love it, I love the kettle. I love it. If anyone from London is listening, never change that on the central line where it screams. Never change that. Yeah. Keep that scream.
Starting point is 00:36:22 That's nice. Keep the scream. Mine on the gaff, don't drop the kettle. That's nice. Keep it screen. Mine on the gap. Don't drop the kettle. That's right. Down the gap. Well, in 1940, the microwave client came to prominence. Let me tell you about the American man.
Starting point is 00:36:33 American man, Percy Spencer began working at the Raytheon manufacturing company. That company still exists today making missiles, military training systems, and electronic warfare products. Cool! According to the popular mechanics, Percy Spencer was their go-to problem solver working on radar technology and helped to develop proximity fuses or detonators that allow you to trigger artillery shells so that explode in mid-air prior to hitting their mark. Sounds nasty.
Starting point is 00:37:03 Spencer and several patents while working on more efficient and effective ways to mass produce radar magnetrons. Popular mechanics explains, a radar magnetron is a sort of electric whistle that instead of creating vibrating sound creates vibrating electromagnetic waves. This guy sounds like an evil scientist. Yeah, it does sound like that. Yeah, totally. But now we can have rice in 90 seconds. We can. That's so good. Just open it up a little bit in the packet.
Starting point is 00:37:29 Give it a squeeze. Squeeze, squeeze, squeeze. Oh, thanks Uncle Ben. 90 seconds. And dinner's ready. I wouldn't know, but. Yeah, cool. I've heard.
Starting point is 00:37:39 You're saving away from a proffist, though. Yeah. Getting done. I've ridden rice. You're the rice. You don't use gas. You don it done nails. I'm really rice. My son. You don't use gas. You. I don't use gas.
Starting point is 00:37:48 You blow it until the kids hot. Yes. In 1945 Spencer was testing one of his magnetrons when he stuck his hand in his pocket, preparing for the lunch break when he made a shocking discovery. The peanut cluster bar that he had in his pocket had melted. Oh, can you believe this? What the actual fuck? He was freaking out.
Starting point is 00:38:08 He's like, great. Well, there's my lunch gone. I know, my pants are ruined. Oh, I think he had an accident and he said it's a melted. Oh, no, it's not my peanut. It's a clustered one. That's why it's chunky.
Starting point is 00:38:20 That's what I think he's had an accident. He's really, he covered it up by bending your microphone. Yeah, so he's like, I melted my bar. All right. Spencer, this is the oldest trick in the book. What do you do?
Starting point is 00:38:31 I never pooped myself. Shut yourself, man. I never pooped myself. I never pooped myself. It's also commonly said that it was a chocolate bar that melted, but his grandson, Rod Spencer, is adamant that it was a peanut clustered bar. Okay, Rod, if you got some other stuff going on, or this is the most important.
Starting point is 00:38:48 He said his grandfather always carried one, so he could feed it to squirrels and chipmunks he encountered. That's so funny that he's like, oh, a little squirrel, a little chipmunk. Oh, the end of humanity. Yeah, I guess I'll. Yeah. But I love to carry little treats for my chipmunk friends. And it's possibly more significant because chocolate melts way more easily than a cluster bar So like that's not gonna melt just from your from your body box a cluster bar
Starting point is 00:39:12 I think like you know like if you have like a neutral grain bar or like an LCM sort. Yeah, style Cluster pre-packaged One of those aisles. Yeah, yeah, one of the aisles you don't go in. No, I don't. I go on the outside. Yeah. I still have the outside. So he's like, oh, the magnetron made this melt.
Starting point is 00:39:34 That's weird. So we tried it on other foods. Popcorn popped. Fuck yeah. He made the world's first microwave popcorn. He then tried an egg. It exploded. The world's first microwave exploded egg. He was taking a month. He was taking a month. And according to a website that I can't
Starting point is 00:39:50 believe it exists, but it truly does. It is history of microwave.com. Can you believe that? I can. And it's my new home page. Believe it. You know what it says. The microwave cooking oven was patented by the company Raytheon with one of the first prototypes placed at a Boston restaurant for testing. The first public use was in January 1947 in a speedy, weeny, vending machine in Grand Central Terminal,
Starting point is 00:40:17 which sold freshly cooked hot dogs. The first commercially available microwave. Oh, so good. Can you visit a transatlantic accent? By a speedy weedy machine that had hot dogs in New York. It sounds like speedy weedy. Speedy weedy, come on. Do you want a speedy weedy?
Starting point is 00:40:37 Sweetie. What are you needy? Do you want me to feedy? The first commercially available microwave also appeared that you Do you want me to feed you? The first commercially available microwave also appeared that year 1947 and the first models were huge about six feet high and weighing more than 750 pounds. They cost $5,000 at the time, which is equivalent to $65,000 to $65,000 to the world. Wow.
Starting point is 00:41:02 So they're for commercial use. Yeah. But what kind of, what would you put in it? I think they would put them in like, you know, high end kitchens. Yeah, wow. Places that could afford, you know, cutting edge technology. High end kitchens, are they using microwaves a lot now? I'm sure they are. yeah. I'd say so. Every chef loves a micro. Every chef. Show me a chef, I'll show you a micro. I love them. What was it called?
Starting point is 00:41:32 A mic magnet rot boy? What's it called? Speedy weeny. What's it called? Speedy weeny. Micro. Magnetron. Magnetron.
Starting point is 00:41:41 Magnetron, yeah. I'm gonna call my microwave that I don't have, my magnetron. Yeah, I just got a pop that in the mega tron And then it will be ready. So It's got a melt some chocolate in the mega tron Nigella has a microwave That's true. She says micro Of course, we love After World War 2 wrapped up wartime technologies were adapted for purposes. The ovens became smaller and more suitable for homes.
Starting point is 00:42:07 These days, there's a microwave and more than 90% of American homes, so hundreds of millions if not billions have since been sold. Percy Spencer never received any royalties for his invention. But he was paid a one time $2.00, gratuity from Raytheon, the same token payment the company made to all inventors on its payroll at the time for company patent. Raytheon can suck my dick but also he did invent missiles so he can also suck my dick. They can both suck my dick at the same time. Wow. Really fun. I'm like
Starting point is 00:42:36 fun sexually. Yeah. Percy Spencer died in 1978, 76 not too bad. Yeah, well that's for a reason, isn't it? No offense to your family if they're listening, but you made bad things. His grandson is adamant that it was a peanut cost-a-pun. Yeah, well his grandson probably has mining money, and it's my day as well. Yeah, fun.
Starting point is 00:42:59 I'm open to getting all things like my dick, okay. It's my day. It's only got a certain, you can say it in a certain number of dick, okay. That's my dick. It's only got a certain number of times. It's my dick. Otherwise this has to be on SBS. It has to be on P.M. Now some products are invented to one purpose and then found to have a totally different application.
Starting point is 00:43:16 For example, Play Doh. Do you guys know anything about Play Doh? No, I don't know how it tastes. It tastes so salty and good. It was salty. Yeah. Haven't had any for a couple of months, but it's been a while. It's been a while. It's been a little bit. It tasted so good. It actually started out as a wallpaper cleaner, manufactured in Cincinnati in the 1930s. What? wallpaper cleaner. Yeah. It was initially devised at
Starting point is 00:43:42 the request of Kroger Grocery, which wanted this is a business not a person which wanted a product that could clean coal residue from wallpaper Coal residue from wallpaper. Yeah, I guess you have your open fireplace. Oh, yeah And it would just get on the wallpaper and this this kind of like you know imagine play doughy stuff You just rub it off yeah rub the wall and this this type was invented by Noah Mick Vicka. But following World War II, again, world's changing with a transition from coal-based home heating to natural gas, the resulting decrease in internal suit
Starting point is 00:44:16 and the introduction of washable vinyl-based wallpaper, the market for wallpaper cleaning putty decreased substantially. Which, yeah. The Smith-Sonyn writes, Joseph Vicka, later to Noah, who was one of the inventors of the wallpaper product, was trying to turn around the struggling company when his sister-in-law
Starting point is 00:44:33 read an article about how wallpaper cleaner could be used for modeling projects. Sister-in-law, K. Zufall, which is a great name, who herself was a nursery school teacher, tested the non-toxic material with children who loved them holding in to all kinds of shapes. Oh cool! Worm. That's a good one.
Starting point is 00:44:51 Worm is a great one. You just roll it for a while? sausage. sausage is a good one. Snack is a good one, sex is a good one. War paper cleaner. That's a great one. Yeah, but like a long thin bit of the.
Starting point is 00:45:01 Worm. Worm is a good one. Chopper, music, who worms? Two worms. A couple worms. Two worms kissing. Oh my god, Dave. That's stoppers. That's scandalous. So she, you know, her kids were blind.
Starting point is 00:45:13 So she told me Vicar of her discovery and even suggested a new name. She said, you should call it Play-Doh. What? So that's her. Did she have other ones? Frant stacks. I imagine the family got rich.
Starting point is 00:45:23 It was difficult to track down this, you know, who the original inventor is, because there's so many people in the joint. I would like to say that the original inventor is her. She's the smart one. They made something that cleans the wall and she went, you fucking idiots. This is fun.
Starting point is 00:45:36 This is Play-Doh now. This is Play-Doh. Advertisements promoting Play-Doh on influential children's television shows in 1957. Further the product sales sales and it soon became a cultural phenomenon. Wow. Plato has since sold more than three billion cans since its debut. Wow. And because of its history as different products, a few people have been listed as inventor or developer co-marketer, that kind of thing. So it's hard. I really wanted to track down
Starting point is 00:46:01 basically to see how old they were when they died to prove my theory that all of them were dead. I did find it an obituary for Philip Steiner, whose company Kenner products developed and marketed Plato, and he's sometimes listed as an inventor, and he died at 92. Okay, impressive. When did that girl die? I'm not sure. I couldn't find much more about Zay Kay Zufall. Good night. Which is a certain investigative podcast about what happened to KZOOF. I'm an okay, special K. Investigation.
Starting point is 00:46:30 Yeah. We can get a sponsor. Okay, we can maybe workshop the name a little bit more. The sponsor can be Sun's S. That's good. We love it. Okay, here's a couple of quicker ones. Ice cream cones were invented way, way, way after ice cream,
Starting point is 00:46:46 which had been around since the emperors of the Tang Dynasty in China. Whoa! Between 6, 18 and 9 and 7 AD, who are believed to have been the first to eat, quote, a frozen milk-like confection that you've ever since pointed to and gone, that's ice cream.
Starting point is 00:47:00 Wow! That's not amazing. That is cool. But what about the cone? Yeah, what are you eating it out of? Before that, we were discooping with our hands like animals. Well, like in a bowl, that's fine. But you can't eat the bowl.
Starting point is 00:47:12 You can't eat with a spoon. You look like a crepe. You can't eat it with a spoon. Yeah. Oh, that's how you're spiced. Yeah, you have to stand there making eye contact and licking it for ages. That's normal.
Starting point is 00:47:22 That's better. That's better. Yeah, oh, hang on, it's dripping. The last time better Yeah, oh hang on a stripping I think it was the last time I had ice cream was on Holidays and I wanted ice cream my partner didn't want ice cream But we got ice cream and and I said just one scoop please because we'd had a big dinner And it was like the biggest fucking one scoop. Yeah, it was huge. It was too much One scoop. Oh, okay. I'll give you once group. Yeah.
Starting point is 00:47:46 Yeah. We just sat at a little table. It was too big for me to eat on the go. We had to sit like to like kind of rush my way through it. That's fair. I understand how that happened. Flavor? Mint choc chip. Oh, okay. Your favorite flavor, Michelle? Chocler. I love chocolate. Pan down as well. I like coconut and pan down. But I'll never go past a chocolate. I love chocolate. I love chocolate. Pan-down as well. I like coconut and pan-down. But I'll never go past a chocolate. Maybe like a chocolate cookies and cream or a chocolate with something. But I will always use chocolate.
Starting point is 00:48:13 You and I actually get ice cream together. We get each other. She go and get a nice cream. I mean, that's the beauty of going and getting ice cream is that you can all get ice cream and get different flavors. I don't know why I like chocolate. I don't think that's what it is. No, no, no, no, that's not how it works.
Starting point is 00:48:25 But my ass, you just have chocolate in it. Okay, that's a good argument, Dave. It's mint chocolate chip. If you just say chocolate chip and you just whisper the mint, I'll let you sit at the same table. Chocolate chip for me, please. Chocolate chip. Man.
Starting point is 00:48:43 Man. Oh, I genuinely want to get an ice cream now. And I would get it in a cone, which you couldn't do for a long time. Until this is a lot later than I would have thought. The 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis. I thought you were going to be like 1998. My dad Martin. No. According to how stuff works again, which does have a great article
Starting point is 00:49:06 I'll link to about a few of these inventions. Arnold, Fauna Shao, an ice cream vendor at the 19th or 4th world's Fair Instant Loose had trouble keeping up with the day's demands because it was quite hot. He's just scooping straight into his hand. There we go. There we go. I'm a bit quick. Sure-owing bowls of ice cream. There we go, there we go, there we go, there we go. Sureowing bowls of ice cream. We had so much ice cream, he ran out of paper cups to serve it in. And nearby vendor named Ernest Hamwey was having the opposite problem.
Starting point is 00:49:34 His waffle-like pastry called Zalabia, which is popular in the Middle East, North Africa and West Asia, wasn't selling. So he gave some deformedish out to serve ice cream in, and the tasty combination has been a hit ever since. Wow! That was great! What a good story! It's kind of like the, yeah. That's just people being nice to each other.
Starting point is 00:49:52 That's beautiful. That's a story about cross-cultural, like that is, hey, that's beautiful. And now we get waffles cones, and they rule. Thank you, Zalabia. Yeah, waffle or die? I want Zalabia. What is, has anyone had
Starting point is 00:50:06 that? No. Is it the same as waffle or is it like a warm? No, it is different. Let me look it up again. I want to eat that. Yeah. It's actually looked when I looked it up a bit more fried. It's a frito or donut-like thing found in several cuisines across the Arab world, West Asia and some parts of Europe influenced by the former. Wow. Yeah. There isidaversion which is made of semi-thin batter of wheat flour, so that's the fridaversion. I think it was more of a pastry version. Mm. Sands delicious.
Starting point is 00:50:34 Yeah, but I'm looking at it. They look delicious. Now I want a lobby. I'm going to save this as a lobby, and you're buying. I think you're just hungry. Yeah. I always am. Okay.
Starting point is 00:50:42 In the 1930s Swiss physicist Walter Jager was trying to invent a sensor that could detect poison gas. Okay. It failed. Sure. And annoyed, he lit a cigarette. Oh. And wouldn't you believe that his device registered the smoke from the cigarette? This accident or discovery led to the invention of the modern smoke detector.
Starting point is 00:51:02 Wow! Detects when you're burnt some toast. Yeah, damn it. And you're like, I don't need your passive aggressive bush. I know I'm fine. I'm okay, but I'm bawling my eyes out and shaking. I've done a little check and I'm not on fire this time. I'm not on fire this time. I made it through. I'm I've just googled Zalabia's near me. Yes. And so it says that they're known in Greece as Luka Madis. So those little guys
Starting point is 00:51:46 are very close to us. Yeah. Luka Madis are very nice. Yeah, there's a lot of balls. Delicious. So I think there's a labia balls. I think, do you know what they're probably some sort of like bastardization what we're thinking of, but like they are a delicious treat and I love them. Yeah, yeah. They're really, yum. So he was trying to invent something that detected poison his gases. Yeah. But.
Starting point is 00:52:12 And then I didn't. Which I guess, well, no, smoke a gas. I don't know. No, smoke's a vapor. Yeah, so no. A vapor? I was trying to like back him up. Like, yeah, you kind of did.
Starting point is 00:52:23 He did, I think. I think that honestly, this this is much more fire is poison My phone is full no one can I mean I can most people can't yeah take it. Yeah I mean your smoke alarm goes off and you cry I do cry I do cry I think you can take it Okay, you're never imagine what the next guy invented. John H. Sandwich.
Starting point is 00:52:51 Kellogg. Sandwich. I'm going to stick with sandwich. Oh, yeah, sandwich. I think it's, I think it's not, I think it's not, not, not fucking each other. Yeah, yeah. He's a big fan of that. But before that, he invented corn flakes.
Starting point is 00:53:07 Way big. Ah. The nature grind. That was Chris Bix. My low cereal. Which, right? Does that still exist? We haven't in my house all regularly.
Starting point is 00:53:17 I guess, yes. Absolutely delicious. They made a plant based my low. And it changed my fucking life. So tastes like you remember the other mylo? Yes. That's awesome. It tastes exactly the same as I remember.
Starting point is 00:53:30 I think it's finer. Maybe it is. But that's not a bad thing. I still have mylo. I mean, I haven't had it in like 20 years now. So now that I'm having it again, everything's just so much better. Yeah, I love a little mylo.
Starting point is 00:53:42 Ooh, you look good. Thank you so much. You look happy. Yeah, I'm happy. I got that, I got that mylo better. Yeah, I love a little mylo. Ooh, you look good. Thank you so much. You look happy. Yeah, I'm happy. I got that, I got that mylo glue. Yeah. So John H. Kellogg invented corn flakes, the first dry, flaked breakfast cereal,
Starting point is 00:53:52 which became the most popular dry breakfast cereal in the world and transformed the typical American breakfast. Kellogg was a medical doctor who looked after patients at a sanitarium and promoted wellness through a healthy vegetarian diet. And routinely experimented with new food products according to the National Inventors Hall of Fame, which is a member. Kellogg was working with his brother William Keith Kellogg on a new kind of wheat meal
Starting point is 00:54:17 for patients at the sanitarium when the process that resulted in corn flakes was accidentally discovered. Rolling out wheat dough that had been forgotten overnight, the brothers discovered that instead of loaves of bread, they got thin flakes. Oh. Kellogg's patients likes the new food and he sold over 100,000 pounds of the cereal
Starting point is 00:54:35 in the first year. Wow. Just old bread. Yeah. We left it over and cut it up, rolled it out, and went, oh, look at these little, why is it called corn flakes then? Yeah, I don't actually know.
Starting point is 00:54:48 What's in corn flakes? Not corn, just wheat? Yeah, it's just wheat bits. Wheat bits? Wheat picks, which is exactly the same. Which is the same thing. Wheat picks, which is the same thing. And delicious.
Starting point is 00:54:59 Piss. Oh, it's a piss. A bit of piss. Lots of nutrients then. Now, there is a commonly circulated fact that Kellogg invented cornflakes to prevent masturbation. I've heard this, I've wanted to believe this. Yeah, it's not true. But the good people at Snipes.com have debunked it.
Starting point is 00:55:15 Oh no! So sorry everyone. Oh, that was disappointing. So how did you stop everyone from wanking? No one does it. Nobody likes anymore. There's a lot of slapping. Slap it. Stop. No.. There's a lot of slapping.
Starting point is 00:55:25 Stop. No. Have a cornflake. Love that. Because that's universal. Yeah. Yeah. It doesn't matter what language you speak.
Starting point is 00:55:34 It's going to make you stop. I mean, dogs get it. Dogs get it. They're not speaking English. They do not wank. They don't wank. No one to go. They also put down the thing they've started eating on the street.
Starting point is 00:55:47 So snows.com writes, according to the available evidence, cornflakes were primarily created as an easy to digest, pre-prepared and healthy breakfast food. Okay, that does sound more like reasonable than a wake prevention scheme. In particular, for patients at the Sanitary, I mentioned the product was never advertised as an anti-masturbatory morning meal. But I need you to not worry, he is still a bit eccentric with some very walked views on sex and masturbation. Yes, let's go! Kellogg was a devout seventh day Adventist. Kellogg
Starting point is 00:56:18 encouraged strict abstention from almost all forms of sexual activity or contact, even among married heterosexual couples. Cool! Kellogg and his one wife had separate bedrooms and reportedly abstained from from almost all forms of sexual activity or contact, even among married heterosexual couples. Cool. Kellogg and his one wife had separate bedrooms and reportedly abstained from ever consummating their marriage. Fuck yeah, Kellogg. This guy does not fuck. Ha ha ha ha.
Starting point is 00:56:34 Ha ha ha. It's guys a virgin. Yes. I have questions about why. Like why? Because he was a religious man. Yeah, but then maybe he thought I don't want to fuck my wife. Yeah, no, I don't know who he wanted to fuck.
Starting point is 00:56:55 Me. Yes. And I said no. No, no. And he said, well, if I can't have Michelle. I'm not a lie, girl. Then I'm never fucking never. So any men say that.
Starting point is 00:57:04 And you're a man. And you're like, sure. Like, what happened to men? Like, what happened to men? How do you think what's gonna happen to men kind if we all follow your, your idea of just living with a housemate and never having sex? Or we all go ascend to heaven together?
Starting point is 00:57:16 Did he have any children? No children. I didn't have any. I didn't have any. No children. I thought maybe it was like a Mary, Jesus thing. Oh, in his 1887 book, plain facts for old and young Colin, embracing the natural history in a hygiene of a organic life,
Starting point is 00:57:31 which I will add sold very well. And I'm serious, it's sold very well. Kellogg devoted an entire section of the book to masturbation, which he referred to as self-pollution and the solitary vice and described as the most dangerous of all sexual abuses. Oh! I reckon it's worse. Yeah, I'd argue differently.
Starting point is 00:57:52 I can name a few worse ones. I think if, yeah, I think you could have a wanker and it's all right. Yeah. That's not what he said. Yeah. What did he reckon about 69ing? Yeah, surely, that's okay. Surely. As long as it was good. Not even on birthday, what about 69ing? Yeah, surely, that's okay. Surely.
Starting point is 00:58:05 As long as it was good. Not even on birth, that's right, a bit serious. As long as it was healthy food, he was up for it. And the overdue. According to Snopes, Kellogg identified multiple purported causes and harms related to the habit of masturbation, many of which would appear laughably unscientific to a modern reader. Among the causes he listed were exciting and irritating food
Starting point is 00:58:28 and stimulants such as tea, coffee, wine, beer, and tobacco. That made you wank and it was not good. Wow. He also loved an animal. Oh, yeah. He advocated the frequent use of an animal machine to cleanse the bowel with several gallons of water Yeah, water enemas were followed by the administration of a pint of yoghurt
Starting point is 00:58:51 Oh Halt was eaten the other half was administered by the enemy machine Quot thus planting the protective germs where they were most needed and may render most effective service The yoghurt served to replace the intestinal flora of the bowel, creating what Kellogut claimed was a squeaky, clean intestine. Oh, that's too much yogurt as well though. And I like yogurt, but that's too much. Oh, I'll find up the off the clacker.
Starting point is 00:59:18 Oh, half a pint, maybe that's a lab bag. Half a pint, up the clacker, that's too much. That's too much on my ass, yes. Yes. I ordered a small one. We ordered it. Well, and you got asked though, he said you get a squeaky clean and test done. Did it work?
Starting point is 00:59:36 Well, now we know most inventors live long lives. Let's check in with Dr. John H. Kellogg, who died in 1943 age 91. Wow. I mean, the yogurt thing is good for you. Well, you can eat it. You can go and just eat it. You can just eat it. Top down, that's my preferred method. Go top down, just eat the yogurt.
Starting point is 00:59:54 Good probiotic. Top down. Top down. That's fine. And his younger brother, Will Keith Kellogg. Who? What did he put in his asshole? We'll never know. Keith Kellogg. Who? What did he put in his asshole? What did he put in his asshole? What did he put in his asshole?
Starting point is 01:00:06 What did he put in his asshole? He's the one who actually founded the Kellogg company. Okay. So he's the Kellogg. He also died age 91. Wow. Pretty good, but he had children here at Descendants. So he was.
Starting point is 01:00:17 Oh, he was fucking. He was fucking. Do you also think like, okay, it hasn't been the case with some of these who haven't paid their inventions, they haven't made heaps of money from it. I was going to argue like probably a lot of these inventors are quite wealthy. And money is going to, especially in the old days. That's a danger alive. That's going to extend your life because you're able to afford better quality food.
Starting point is 01:00:35 You know, you have a roof over your head. But that's not always the case with some of these inventors because they haven't made money off their inventions, idiots. Yeah. The second I invented something, I'm fucking making so much cash off it. Same. I'm not doing anything for the good of humanity. No.
Starting point is 01:00:54 What's humanity ever done for me? Nothing. Nothing. Nothing. Now some accidental discoveries come from nature. Let me ask you, what's your favorite type of apple? Fantastic question, pink lady. I like royal, the royal, the red, the royal galan. Royal galan. I love a granny smith for stewing. Well, put in a pie. Let me to say ding, ding, ding. Grady Smith, named after Maria and Smith, an English woman who moved from England to New South Wales in Australia in 1839.
Starting point is 01:01:28 Together with her husband, she purchased a small orchard in Eastwood, which is now a suburb of Sydney. They started cultivating fruit. Little did they know. They were about to change the fruit game forever. Wow. Imagine changing the fruit game. It's big.
Starting point is 01:01:41 It's big deal. Alright, let's just brainstorm. What are some new fruits I can invent? Okay, here we go. Here we go. Chariot banana. Chariot banana. Chariot, oh, that sounds pretty good.
Starting point is 01:01:54 Yeah. Uh, cherry gas here. Cherry gas here. What about, there's like a giant cherry. Yep, giant cherry. Like an apple-sized cherry. Yeah, that could be fun. Decoded fanny.
Starting point is 01:02:04 Oh, sorry decoder fanning No wrong answer I just ran start myself from I'm trying to brainstorm trying to be open yes, and I Love it. Yeah, what what what colors of decoder fanning yellow? Yeah, yeah, yeah Post it no yellow. Yeah, yeah, yeah I even like a like an-sized grape would be awesome. Oh, that'd be awesome. Because I love grapes, they are expensive.
Starting point is 01:02:30 Yeah, yeah. If you just have like one big one. It would be heavy because it'd be so much quite dense, it'd be like a booby. And it would be like quite nice. It'd be nice to slide into. I'd be fun to throw at people too. Most people with big grapes. They wouldn't have a seat in the world. The world is not ready. People are I'd be fun to throw at people too. Nice people with big grapes.
Starting point is 01:02:45 They wouldn't have a seed in there. The world is not ready. People are gonna be bucketing those grapes that I reckon. That's all I think, make a log. Teller would be rolling in his grave if you had this kind of stuff in there. Peter, hate.
Starting point is 01:02:54 But I went to a place where they have exotic fruits in Queensland. They've got all these different types of fruits and they've got a fruit that's like a chocolate. It tastes like chocolate. What? Yeah, but it's fruit. It's fruit. That's good. That's kind of like a dragon fruit. And it's a chocolate. I love dragon fruit fruit that's like a chocolate. It tastes like chocolate. What? Yeah, but it's fruit. It's fruit.
Starting point is 01:03:05 That's good. It's kind of like a dragon fruit and it's a chocolate. I love dragon fruit. It's crazy. Yum. They got all these fruits. That'd be great. Okay, so there you go.
Starting point is 01:03:13 We've come up with some new fruits. Fantastic. Granny Smith. Dakota Fanning. Smith, that lady had eight children and later got the nickname Granny Smith that she got off. Too many children. She's like, well, Kellogg's not having any.
Starting point is 01:03:27 I'm gonna have a bunch of kids. I gotta say, I did a double check. He had eight adopted children, but never any biological. Oh, shit, he's not fucking either. Never banged. That's a family that don't fuck. Oh, no, sorry, the one I was talking about.
Starting point is 01:03:39 Oh, so the virgin man. The virgin man never banged. The other one did don't. His brother had five biological children. So they adopted eight, okay, well you could have got some, I was gonna say for free. What? He's like, I'm happy to pay.
Starting point is 01:03:54 Happy to pay by adopting these people that need a loving home. You know what I'm from scratch. I'm like, one of those people is like, why are you buying pasta? It's easy to make. It only takes hours. So, pasta. It's easy to make. It only takes hours. So there's some debate as to the actual history
Starting point is 01:04:11 of the Granny Smith Apple. The first description of the origin of the Apple is not published until decades later in 1924. It's one of those ones. The story's passed down a bit. But in that year, farmer and settler published the account of a local historian who had interviewed two men who had known Smith, so it's like someone's interview blah blah blah. I knew that won't person who knew that person, but the story is one of the interviews recalled that in 1868, he then 12 years old and his father had been invited to Smith's farm to inspect a chance seedling an apple tree that had sprung near a creek. Smith had dumped there among the ferns the remains a black eagle, a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and a black eagle, and kitchen window seal. So it's either under her kitchen window or buy a creek. Yes, somewhere on the farm,
Starting point is 01:05:07 a tree just happens to have grown from an apple core or apple seed. Wow. Whatever the case, Smith took it upon herself to propagate the new cultivar on a property, finding the apples good for cooking, stews, and for general consumption. The namesake of the apple, Granny Smith herself,
Starting point is 01:05:23 died a couple of years later, not sure how old you are sadly. But the Apple is a Granny. She must have been fairly old. But the Apple that bears her name has since taken the world by storm, not just being in Australia, the US Apple Association reported in 2019, which I can't believe that exists,
Starting point is 01:05:37 that Granny Smith was the third most popular apple in the United States of America. Wow. Their top five were number one, galah. Number two, red delicious. I love red delicious. Their top five were number one. Gala. Number two, red delicious. Oh, I love red delicious. Which had previously been number one for 50 years.
Starting point is 01:05:49 So this was controversial to me. Wow. You know, I love red delicious. I forgot about red delicious. I'd like to take everything I said about Gala. I've got a couple more for you to see in case. Okay, sorry. You're trying to do a podcast, but I just want to make it clear
Starting point is 01:06:00 that I am a delicious. You're a red delicious. I'm a delicious. Confirmed red delicious. I'm a delicious. Confirmed. Number three, Granny Smith. Number four, Fuji. Yeah. Number five.
Starting point is 01:06:11 Like, honey, crisp. What the fuck is that? I don't know. I don't know. Never heard of my life. That's a fuck. Like, there's people watching Dancing with the Stars being like, I don't even know who this is.
Starting point is 01:06:21 Who's that? Don't recognize it. Are you cool? This is a Liberty Goggle box? I don't know any of them. I don't know know who this is. Who's that? Don't recognize it. You call this celebrity Goggle box? I don't know any of them. I don't know any of them. I'm a hundred years old. Australia's most popular apple is the Pink Lady, which was originally brought to some of basic bitch.
Starting point is 01:06:38 Well, there's originally read by British Australian John Cripps, who passed away in 2022 at 95. Oh my God. These people live long lives. And the pink lady is across between a lady Williams and a golden delicious. Lady Williams is also a chance seedling, meaning that just one tree happened to produce
Starting point is 01:06:57 that type of apple. That tree is located just outside Donnie Brook and Western Australia and Lady Williams is named after Ward Williams. Do you go? I didn't know that much about apples. I saw it doing a deep dive. That's really fun.
Starting point is 01:07:11 I like that the Granny Smiths just kind of appeared. They're like, huh, I think quite nice. I know, that's fun. Let's just grow heaps more of this one. That's what they do, it's amazing. They're great, they're great in a pie. We're in a stew. Love a stewed apple, yum.
Starting point is 01:07:24 Now I want a stewed apple. Never had a stewed apple. Never. No, can I great in a pie. We're gonna stew. Love stewed apple, yum. Now I want stewed apple. Never had stewed apple. Never. No, can I come over for some stewed apples? Yes. Thank you. Well, growing list of desserts that we're having tonight is really growing.
Starting point is 01:07:33 I'm actually going to Smith and Deli. Daughters, Smith and Daughters tonight. Yum. Which is one of my favorite restaurants. What do you think they'll have on the dessert menu? Fucking stewed apple, ice cream. Yep. Look at my knees. Thosedie's. Those three options.
Starting point is 01:07:45 And I'm going to say, load me up, daddy. Give him all. Okay. Finally, we get to what is possibly the most important accidental invention. A breakthrough that has saved millions of lives that has since been called the single greatest victory ever achieved over disease. Vincent, D's life. Vincent D's life. Human life. Human life. Whoopsy.
Starting point is 01:08:12 Oh, that felt alright. No, my sliner. Oh, what the fuck's that? It looks like me. That's crazy. That's a triumph over disease. I'm talking about penicillin. Ah, yes.
Starting point is 01:08:27 Jess, of course, knows the inventor of penicillin very well. Yes, Marie Curie. What have I told you there is a rival claim? Oh, this is bullshit. So before the breakthrough, a relatively minor infection could prove incurable or even deadly. A small scratch, childbirth, STIs, these were all big killers. And it all starts with one person.
Starting point is 01:08:48 Mariky. Or Scottie's physician and microbiologist Alexander Fleming. I was very confident. Scottie's that it was Mary Curie. On a Mary Curie episode, I was like, and I'm waiting for them to mention penicillin. I was so sure. But that's okay. I don't know who that is. I know that name, but I'm waiting for them to mention penicillin. I was so sure. Well, that's okay.
Starting point is 01:09:08 I don't know who that is. I know that name, but I don't know who that is. Radium. Oh, is that right? That's right. And polonium. Yeah. Polonium, but not penicillin allegedly.
Starting point is 01:09:20 So I'm saying, so she did win. Not my penicillin inventor. Did win two Nobel prizes in two different fields of science which has never been done before. She was very important. Yes, but she didn't do penicillin. That was Alexander Fleming. Even Alexander Fleming's career in medical research
Starting point is 01:09:38 is kind of an accident. The national, what's this? One does into a science. Oh, a pedometer. He wanted to see, he's got a couple of bakers, The national what's this one does into a science You want to say these got a couple of bakers you like combine some and he's like oh there you go Oh, I put that on infection. Oh, it's better The national library of medicine always Scottish says oh Hi You do you do you do I love this Scottish people so much.
Starting point is 01:10:05 Beautiful. A beautiful, a beautiful language. And they don't sound like that. Hiri. Hiri. Hiri. Hiri. I wish I could do your accent.
Starting point is 01:10:16 Don't arrange me. Don't worry about it. Hen. It's getting better. It's getting better. Is it getting better? Is it improving? Yeah. Yeah, that's what it is. It's getting better. Is it getting better? Is it getting better? Is it getting better?
Starting point is 01:10:27 Yeah, yeah, no it is, it is, it is. Oh, guys. I'd stop though, but it's getting better. Oh yeah, I was so, I was so, I was so, I was so, it's getting better. I think like, if I came on and I was more gentle with it, maybe you'd believe it. Yeah. That's nice. But what I'm doing is just really go For something aggressive
Starting point is 01:10:46 That they I've never heard from one of them That's what I call Scottish people them. It's asbestos them. Of course. They're winning them my favorite people Wow, you have a favorite people. Yes, that's fucked. Sorry They have killed and really good music and it's a beautiful. You have a least favorite Well, I do and they are called um, no, don't make fun. I have a UK tour coming up and I can't You use the British yeah, but I actually do love London I can't oh yeah, they're your favorite people now. No, she's for no, they're my second favorite people my favorite people are the people of Scotland and I can't. Oh yeah, they're your favourite people now. They're trying to choose for you. No, they're my second favourite people.
Starting point is 01:11:25 My favourite people, other people of Scotland. And to hate the people of England, that's really hard for me. My parents don't fight. Should buy tickets to your shows. Yeah, buy tickets, they should buy tickets. Go ahead on my intimate internet and sign up for the mailing list
Starting point is 01:11:39 and then you'll find out who's going to, when I'm coming to your town. This is me announcing my UK tour. Great, what an exclusive. And you've nailed it. Ah! What are you talking about, Dave? What did you want?
Starting point is 01:11:52 Alexander Fleming. That's right. Alexander Fleming. It was an accident. Oh yes, the National Library of Medicine writes how we got into medical research. As well, serving as a private in the London Scottish Regiment of the Territorial Army,
Starting point is 01:12:03 he became a recognised marksman. Wishing to keep Fleming and St Mary's to join its Rafa Club, the club's captain convinced him to pursue a career in research rather than in surgery, as the latter choice would require him to leave the school. The captain introduced him to Sir Almroth, right? Incredible name. Almroth. Almroth. Bring it back. Almroth. Almroth, right?
Starting point is 01:12:23 That's a great name. The beer, isn't it?. Elmeroth. Elmeroth, right? That's a great name. The beer, isn't it? And Sir Elmeroth, a keen club member and a pioneer in immunology and vaccine research who agreed to take Fleming under his wing. It was with this research group that Fleming stayed throughout his entire career. So basically, a guy wanted to stay in his Rafa club and was like, you should study this because that means you don't have to leave my club.
Starting point is 01:12:42 Wow. That just basically changed the world. Wow. When World War I broke out, he served in an army medical corps as a captain, watching many, many people die, many from infected wounds at the time. He infected. Not a lot like it did. After the war, he discovered and named Lycezine, an enzyme with weak antibacterial properties.
Starting point is 01:13:03 Again, this is kind of an accident. He had a cold and put a bit of mucus on a pet. Again, this is kind of an accident. He had a cold and put a bit of mucus on a petri dish, which is kind of gross, but then lost it for a couple of weeks in his messy laboratory. Apparently, he's shit everywhere all the time this guy. Two weeks later, he found it and noted that numerous colonies of bacteria had grown on the slide. However, he noticed that where the mucus was,
Starting point is 01:13:24 there was no bacteria. Upon further investigation, Fleming discovered the presence of a substance in the mucus that stopped a bacterial growth, and he called it Lysazine. He examined other bodily fluids too, including tears, which he wasn't sure how to get. He tried holding... Oh, that's a sad... He didn't know how to feel. Well, he tried holding onions in front of volunteers and then moved to lemons, which he squeezed in front
Starting point is 01:13:50 of their faces. Volunteers who were lab assistants were paid three pence apiece for their tier donations. Oh my god. That's great. That's great. That's great. Oh, you're crying.
Starting point is 01:14:01 I'll be one of your top donors. I'm going to be rich. Yeah. I'm going to be on a stamp or something, I reckon. I was doing a panel show the other day, and there was a joke about a chimpanzee that had a birthday party, and it got for his birthday a picture book, and I was like, what's the pictures of? And they were like, oh, there are pictures of his family,
Starting point is 01:14:20 and I lost my mind. And I was like, I can't. You have to stop filming. I can't. I was like, I can't. I can't. You have to stop filming. I can't. I'm sorry, I can't. You just brought this up because you don't be a funny joke, but he's looking at pictures of his family. And then his footage of him being like,
Starting point is 01:14:36 wow, he's so happy. Looking at the pages. Oh my god. You just asked me. Do you ever show your dog pictures of herself? Yes. Oh, what the time. I love to showose what he looks like when he was a baby. Did you get any reaction?
Starting point is 01:14:48 No. Oh yeah, Humphrey looks around the phone like that. Videos, yeah. Videos, if it's moving, he'll sort of watch. And I'm like, that's you! That's you, and you were little! That's cute. And then he goes off and does something else.
Starting point is 01:15:00 I'm crying. I'm in the final position. When we put a bucket in front of your eyes, that you wouldn't have made many pants. Millions of pants. As well as tears, you tried other fluids, including saliva, blood, semen, and pus. No.
Starting point is 01:15:13 Much easier to get semen. Yeah, get semen. Just held a lemon in front of a man. Squaced it. Yeah, that'll do it. They all showed laces, I'm an end doing so. Fleming had proved that living organisms produced an innate bacteria-fighting agent.
Starting point is 01:15:31 So it's good to cry on wounds. Yeah, cried up. Oh. Yeah, super low it up. Super low it up. This laid the groundwork for his next accidental discovery and made sure he paid attention. A few years later when in September 1928 Fleming came back to work after a holiday. He again noticed a petri dish containing a sample. And inside the sample, the growth of bacteria was being inhibited. Before he'd left him in doing a series of experiments involving the staffly occult bacteria, which causes staff infections, these are nice, I don't know about. Golden staff and the like.
Starting point is 01:15:58 And uncovered petri dish sitting next to an open window had become contaminated with mold spores, and these spores stopped the bacteria. He was able to isolate the mold and identify it as a member of the penicillium genus. So yeah, he came back from holiday and was like, oh, this is weird. This bit here doesn't have any bacteria. This mold seems to have done something. You want to know what it is? That's interesting. And gross. And again, from the Library of Medicine, he found it to be effective against all gram positive pathogens, which are responsible for diseases such as scarlet fever,
Starting point is 01:16:30 pneumonia, gonorrhea, meningitis, and diptheria. He discerned that it was not the mold itself, but some, quote, juice it had produced that killed the bacteria. Juice? Probably mold juice. He didn't even, in the Library of Medicine, it says he named the quote, Mold Juice, Penicillin.
Starting point is 01:16:48 So Penicillin is Mold Juice. They call it Mold Juice, yeah. He published his findings to little scientific fanfare in 1929. Wow. Fleming found it difficult to isolate this precious Mold Juice in large quantities. And honestly, his breakthrough was really overlooked.
Starting point is 01:17:04 Fleming gave up trying to develop Penicillin in large quantities and And honestly his breakthrough was really overlooked. Fleming gave up trying to develop penicillin in large quantities and moved on to other stuff. Wow. Close to a decade would pass until 1937, when scientists, Australian Howard Flory and German-born British man Ernst Chain came across Fleming's research. At Oxford, they were investigating microorganisms and the substances they produced. And were excited by penicillin and a similar team of scientists to work solely on what they called the penicillin project.
Starting point is 01:17:34 Wow, Pepe. Pepe. Pepe represent. It took three years to come up with a successful but painfully inefficient process to produce pure penicillin. Gallons of mole broth were required to produce just a fingernail of penicillin, and they had to collect the mole in bed pans, milk jurns, food tins, and even bath tubs.
Starting point is 01:17:55 Wow. You have to get a shitload of mole, get a little bit of juice, and then you can get the penicillin. Wow. You only get a tiny little amount. Tiny, it's amazing. Interesting. Special fermentation vessels had to be developed to hold the liquid, and six women known as the penicillin girls, who were employed to tend to the fermenting broth, and farm, quite unquote, a few precious milligrams of penicillin from it every week.
Starting point is 01:18:20 Penicillin was trailed on human patients and had great results, but the quantities of penicillin was so low they had to make it last any way they could, and it was discovered that 80% of the penicillin was excreted in urine, so they had to collect the patient's urine and then recycle it to get the penicillin back out of it. Wow! Howard Flory's wife, herself, a doctor, Dr. Ethyl Flory, helped carry out the first clinical trials, and according to sciencemuseum.org, Dr. Ethyl Flory helped carry out the first clinical trials, and according to ScienceMuseum.org, Dr. Ethel Flory was regularly observed on the Pipe troll, cycling to Patience's Houses to collect their urine.
Starting point is 01:18:52 Wow. That's full on. I've seen Jess on the Pipe troll. Yeah, just collecting. Brown around the neighborhood. Bucking after bucket. Yeah. Hey, you got new piss.
Starting point is 01:19:03 You might be a spell. Bring out your piss. Yeah. Hey you got new piss. You got my big bell. Bring out your piss. Yeah. Ah. What did I say? Pulling a little basket on my bike. Yeah. And there we go.
Starting point is 01:19:13 Ding ding. It's a piss lady. We know. Do we sound? You hear it? Dun dun dun dun dun dun dun dun dun dun dun dun. Oh, piss lady. Can I go?
Starting point is 01:19:22 Can I go? Can I go? Can I go? Can I go? Can I go? Kissing the piss lady? Not today, sweetie. Not today, honey. You don't have any peace! With the Art Breaker World War II, it was difficult to get the production process to increase in the UK. So the team moved to the USA, where it was further developed and by 1943, by which time the USA
Starting point is 01:19:40 joined the war, they had sufficient penicillin stocks to satisfy the demands of the armed forces of the United States as well as their allies. PBS rights from January to May 1942, 400 million units of pure penicillin were manufactured. Oh my god. By the end of the war, American pharmaceutical companies were producing 650 billion with a bee units per month. So remember how they struggled to make a fingernail worth a couple of years earlier, but it just it really ramped up when they discovered how good it was at fighting infection. Yeah, that's amazing. But
Starting point is 01:20:16 do we what do we use penicillin for now? I feel like I don't take I don't know if I've had penicillin. Is it in other antibiotics? I think it's an ingredient in antibiotic. Yeah, that makes sense. Yeah. I think that was my question, and I instead just went, what do we have? When? When do you have? I have to throw a bunch.
Starting point is 01:20:34 I have to throw a bunch. And it clearly works, because in World War I, the death rate from bacterial pneumonia was 18%, and in World War II, it fell to less than 1%. Amazing. The conversation dot com asks, did penicillin help win the war? And they answered their own question. It certainly saved thousands of soldiers from dying of gangrene and sepsis,
Starting point is 01:20:55 but it's greatest contribution to the war if it may have been the treatment of gonorrhea helping keep the army at full strength. And those taking people down left-right and sent it beforehand. And how was it spreading? People were banging. Kellogg. Yeah, Kellogg would be rolling in his brain for that point. You mustn't be doing that. There's a war to be won. Exactly. Cut it out. It had taken 16 years from initial observation to useful production of Pentecostal and but it changed medical science forever and you might be wondering why
Starting point is 01:21:28 Alexander Fleming gets all the credit unless people have heard of Howard Florey and Ernst Chain who worked for years to develop penicillin in a useful form with a whole other team of scientists who get zero shout out. Well when that huge breakthrough was reported in 1942, Howard Florey prohibited his Oxford team from seeking media coverage, so only Fleming was widely publicized in the media, which led to the misconception that he was entirely responsible for the discovery and development of the drug, Fleming himself referred to this as the Fleming myth. All three men, however, that is Alexander Fleming,
Starting point is 01:22:02 Howard Flory and Ernst Chain were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945? Ah. Really capturing the spirit of accidental inventions here. Fleming later said, one sometimes finds what one is not looking for. When I work up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic or bacteria killer.
Starting point is 01:22:25 But I suppose that was exactly what I did. I'm not the same as the other girls. I guess I just, I was like stumbled upon it. Yeah, it was crazy. Like some people look for stuff all the time, but I'm more like just chill, like, leave mess, just see what's there. He also let us say, I did not admit penicillin, nature did. I only discovered it by accident.
Starting point is 01:22:46 Yeah, that's a nice man. In 1999 Alexander Fleming was named in Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. And the discovery of Penicillin is estimated to have saved over 80 million lives and counting. Australian Prime Minister Sir Robert Mans, you said, in terms of world well-being, how would Flory was the most important man ever born in Australia? And he was on the $50 note here from 1973 to 1995. Oh wow! There you go. And their ages, I'm afraid it's a disappointing end because Alexander Fleming died at 73.
Starting point is 01:23:18 How would Flory was 69 and earns chain also 73? Wow. But if you add them all up, that's a really long line. That's very old. That's very odd. That's very odd. But how long is nature live for? It's your nature's the real inventor. Yeah.
Starting point is 01:23:30 Wow, there we go. Thank you. Thank you. That's got to be like 200. Yeah, plus. That's a 200 pluser. That's 200 plus. That's sick.
Starting point is 01:23:39 That's sick. And that's where all the end things, so this report could go forever. Because like I said, of course. If 50% of all inventions are accidents, I could talk forever there. The ones that I found that tickled my fancy bit. Maybe one day we'll end things. So this report could go forever. Cause like I said, of course, if 50% of all inventions are accidents, I could talk forever. They're the ones that I found that tickled my fancy bit. Maybe one day we'll do a part two.
Starting point is 01:23:49 Or if you let me know in an invention that you love. I accidentally invented a cocktail, two cocktails at school. East one is called the Betty White. It's Apple Juice and Cinnamon. And Vodka Car. And then the second one is it it's called a kernel sanders. And it is whatever you're drinking,
Starting point is 01:24:08 but you have a chicken wing, and then you put your dunk it in, and then you cheers the person with the chicken wing, and then you throw it over your shoulder. I think I like the Betty White better. Yeah, the Betty White's yum. Because vodka goes nicely with juice, whereas chicken doesn't go as nicely.
Starting point is 01:24:23 Yeah, with whatever you're drinking. But it's fun to throw stuff over your shoulder. It's fun to have an activity. Yeah, that is true. Sort of like, you know, that's why tequila shots are fun. There's a process to them. There's a process. It's a game.
Starting point is 01:24:34 It's a game. You've got a haircut. Ah! I've just taken off my headphones momentarily and the shelf. You look nice. Thank you. I've got to go. Well, that's, that's, what?
Starting point is 01:24:42 I'm like a hair. Oh my god. No, I do like a hair. It looks great. Thank you so much. You look like real David Robert zest Is that what David's this? Thank you. Was the man's name Robert's this was my No man Rob is a regular David's this the Sun's this Yeah, it wasn't a real man. I forgot it was for the... It was a dream. I was like, what did the problem exist in the van?
Starting point is 01:25:06 I was like, I never knew it wasn't it. I was here the person I got to resist. That does bring us to the end of the episode of Michelle. Thank you so much for joining us on this blockbuster special. How have you let me into block? That's crazy. You made it. I would be from a blockbuster video once. That makes sense. Did you stop paying fines? Or did you not rewind?
Starting point is 01:25:23 I didn't pay my fines. Yeah. To your band. Yeah. I think it's also the five you started in there. Yeah. Yeah. I don't know. You can say. You can say. Not them. They're all that. Now Michelle, if we wanted to see you coming up or find you online, I think you've got some sort of UK tour to it. So if you've got some sort of UK tour tour. So if you go to my Instagram and you go to my little like the link, there's like you can sign up for my mailing list or you can go to the tour website, which is like the Tiga website. Just so you'll see whatever I do, I just announced a show at Sydney Festival, which is crazy. I'm doing average bear my show, but with like a string section at Warf1 at Sydney Theatre Company, for Sydney Festival.
Starting point is 01:26:05 Isn't that mad? When's that? Somehow they've been tricked into offering this. It's in I think January. That sounds awesome. Isn't that amazing? I'm so excited. That's what I'm doing.
Starting point is 01:26:15 So that's on sale. You can get tickets to that and then sign up to the mailing list and follow me on Instagram to find out about any international things that may or may not be coming up. We love it. One more shell. Thank you so much for joining us. about any international things that may or may not be coming up. We love it. One more show. Thank you so much for joining us.
Starting point is 01:26:29 Thank you, I love you. Bye bye. Bye bye. Well, that brings us to everyone's favorite section of the show where we get to thank some of our wonderful patrons for supporting us over at do go on pod. No, patreon.com slash do go on pod. But there is also a link on do-go-on pod.com,
Starting point is 01:26:46 so that was great instincts. Yes. I never do this bit. I actually, I genuinely kind of blacked out through most of that. I was like, I was just auto-pilot. That auto-pilot. Because you know Matt usually does this bit.
Starting point is 01:26:58 We haven't addressed the fact Matt's not here. He's traveling in the United States of America at the moment. Having a wonderful time. And we miss him. We just heard from him. He's had a deep dish in Chicago. at the moment. Having a wonderful time. Living it up. And we miss him. We just heard from him. He's had a deep dish in Chicago. Yeah. And he said it was a lovely dip.
Starting point is 01:27:09 Yeah. Which is the funniest food review I've ever heard in my life. I love money. And lovely dips. Well, I was wondering what would be a bit too deep, but it was a lovely dip. Lovely dip. We both loved a lot of that. We really enjoyed that.
Starting point is 01:27:21 So yeah, Matt's not here. So a big thank you once again to Michelle for hanging out with us and Yeah, so nice feeling the void of Matt's to it. So it's just Dave and I for the Patreon section which honestly Everyone's happy about Well, the Matt's away the kids will play so the first thing that we like to do is and if you want to get involved in this you can Join us on the Sydney Shindburg Deluxe level. Is that correct? That's right. Where you get to submit a fact, a quote, or a question, and it has a little jingle. It goes something like this.
Starting point is 01:27:51 Fact, quote, or question. Duh! He always remembers the ding. Ah, she always remembers the sing. So I've got myself in the third person there. Yeah, I love that. Love it, rebrand. Do you want to read the fact, quote, or questions? Yes, how about I do that. I'll put my little glasses on. Thank you. Put your little glasses on. Poppin, Yeah, I love that. Love a rebrand. Do you want to read the fact quote, a question? Yes, how about I do that?
Starting point is 01:28:05 I'll put my little glasses on. Thank you. Put your little glasses on. Poppin, I'll give you that. You know, we also haven't addressed. Yeah. And it's great to do it an hour and a half in. Because I haven't milked it enough yet so far,
Starting point is 01:28:16 but I was hit by a car. I didn't know if you wanted to tell the good people at home that bad. It was like a week ago now, so I'm still milking it. Yes, has been hit by a car. And in a way, they should know about it, even more so, because you were on the ride home from a bonus podcast. That's right.
Starting point is 01:28:31 You and I just recorded that afternoon. That's right. So you went in separate ways. I drove home. I said, see you later. You said, oh, I'm just going to go, I'll pack my things and I'm going to get on my bike and head off. Yep.
Starting point is 01:28:40 I said, I love you. You did say that. That was your final words to me. So I just think the Patreon should feel bad. It's what you're saying. You were hit by a car. It was only because we were recording a bonus episode for them. That's right.
Starting point is 01:28:51 And it was a fantastic bonus episode that I implore people to check out if they're on the Patreon about Chris Lemons. That's right. A diving incident in the North Sea. Gosh, you had me on the edge of my seat that whole episode. Yeah. And then, and, and, and,
Starting point is 01:29:02 and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and and and, and, and they all, the feedback was, that really scared them. But I mean, I just started with... Exactly. ...it prepared me to know that you're okay. I'm okay. So, do you want to tell people you are okay? I am okay, I'm fine. I've got bruised ribs, but I'm okay. But I was really, I wanted to milk it now in that, like, can you do all the hard part?
Starting point is 01:29:43 Oh, sure, sure, sure. Yes, absolutely. Yeah, great. And you know, get the door for me and carry my stuff downstairs. Cookie dinner. Yes, please. Stuff you don't mind. That's genuinely what somebody has had to do for several days, but I'm up and I'm out and about and I'm okay.
Starting point is 01:29:58 Yes, we're sorry. So thank you for your concern. I'm so thankful that you're okay. And it was scary. Feel bad because we were making something for you. And it nearly killed me. And I just think you should think about that. That's right.
Starting point is 01:30:11 You know, you risk your life for our art. See, Matt would hate me making that joke. He would hate that, but he's not here. So I get to make the joke that I nearly died for you, Patreons. So while the Matt's away, we will milk the Patreons. I what the matter, way. We will milk the Patreon. I'll get the guilt. So basically, people can submit, have you said this bit? I've also an older part.
Starting point is 01:30:30 A factor quote or a question. Yes. We read out their name. They also give themselves a title. It can be a brag. It can be a suggestion. It can be a recipe. It can be anything. It can be really anything you want to share with us.
Starting point is 01:30:41 We're open to it. And the first factor a question this week comes from Fantastic Sport of the Show, Sof Waldraff. Ah, sof our group photographer. And always in the front row of our shows, it's always a comfort to see sof. Yes, love seeing you out there at all our shows.
Starting point is 01:30:58 And sof's, out of this week is, she's 30, but she's neither flirting nor thriving. Mm-hmm. And it's hard, sof, because, you know, that saying is out there, 30 flirty and thriving, you feel like you have to live up to this expectation at 30. But it's okay to not be flirty or flirting or thriving. It's okay to just be indifferent and surviving. That's fine.
Starting point is 01:31:22 Yeah, that's good. It's okay. She's 30, indifferent and surviving. That's fine. That's good. That's okay. It's 30. Indifferent and surviving. That's good. And so it's given us a question this week and the question is, what is your go-to dinner party question? Oh, that's good. Am I hosting the dinner party? Am I a guest at the dinner party? It doesn't really make a difference. Yeah, so as you still ask in questions, may I? No, I don't ask questions. I allow people to ask me questions,
Starting point is 01:31:45 because I'm always the most interesting person in the dinner party. I'll Google it, but I also, You'll Google it. I'll Google it. I'll come up with some options for you. So you're like, you look down at your phone and you're going, what is?
Starting point is 01:31:59 Dinner party questions. Okay, you all mean all name. Dinner party questions for adults. What was your first job? Oh, okay. Our kids party in just Hannah. Who is the most famous person you've ever met? I just spoken. I was pointing at myself anyway, that's what you said. Who was someone you really admire? Just Perkins. What's your earliest memory? Oh, possibly just Perkins. And what made you smile recently? Definitely. Just for... Just for being alive. Um...
Starting point is 01:32:26 Dude, what a mind would be like if you had a genie, you got three wishes? Oh wow, this is good. What are your three wishes? Incredible. That's a good question, I think. That is a good one. Do you want to think about that? About my wishes?
Starting point is 01:32:38 Yeah. Oh my gosh, that's so tricky, obviously. Pwaw. Um... World peace. Yeah, obviously that's so tricky, obviously. Whoa, world peace. Yeah, episode number one. For everyone. It is tough, I can really only think of one. Oh yeah, what's your, what's a fun one?
Starting point is 01:32:53 Could you get to make a fun one? I always say I would really, I would wish for like a really, like a very good singing voice. Oh, nice one. Not that I would necessarily like change careers and want a bit, but like it would be really nice to be able to like get in front of a crowd and sing and people go wow. Yeah. Oh she, that's lovely, you know, because I do.
Starting point is 01:33:15 I'm like, you want anyone who's, that's lovely. That's not, I do very can just song a bit on this podcast. And our listeners have occasionally said to me, you can sing. I don't necessarily agree. I'm not tone deaf, but I can't sing. And I would love to sing. So I would love to be good at it, you know? Yeah, yeah, yeah. I don't have to be a del. It doesn't have to completely change my life. And now I'm a huge musician. I would just love to, you know sing put a smile on the folks at the old folks I would probably if I wish I think I would probably be able to speak and understand every language Oh that'd be great. I love that every language is a great idea. Yeah. That's so many languages though.
Starting point is 01:33:55 It would be awesome though wouldn't it? It would be really handy yeah true Because I was gonna yeah I was like oh maybe I'd just pick one but why just pick one if the option was there that you could I wonder if that would be something that would end up being a burden. Like you'd be on a train and you'd be understanding every language. Yeah, I guess. You couldn't turn it off.
Starting point is 01:34:15 Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, maybe. But it's not like the film What Women Want, where you're hearing people's thoughts, I guess. That would be my second wish. Because you could still hear people talking on the train. Yeah, because when I was in English, I can hear people talking, you're like,
Starting point is 01:34:30 oh, God, that's annoying that someone's speaking English three rows down. Exactly. So rather than speaking Italian, which I have no idea what they're saying. Yeah, it would be very handy, actually, to be able to communicate. And I want to include, like, sign languages as well.
Starting point is 01:34:43 Oh, absolutely, that's great. That's great, definitely. Yes, absolutely, that's great. Definitely, yes. All sorts of sign. My go-to-do party conversation, I don't know if it's a question. I think it would be more, I love hearing about people's trips. Yes. I love hearing about people traveling.
Starting point is 01:34:56 Where they've been, where they're gonna go, what their favorite bits were. I love talking about travel. So it's definitely some sort of travel-based thing. Have you been on any holidays lately? Have you got any coming up? I definitely always ask anything coming up. Yeah. Something you're looking forward to at the moment. Yeah, absolutely. It's nice to have stuff to look
Starting point is 01:35:10 forward to. My partner started asking people, what do you do for fun? Like rather than just what do you do for work? When you do for work, that's good. Because you're more than your job, you know? And actually, yeah, at a recent party hosted by yourself. Um, where did I have a party? Well, your wife had a party. Oh, you're the true one. I don't know why. I got KG about mentioning your wife for a second. I don't know why.
Starting point is 01:35:32 Oh, Penny feels like when was my party? No, your wife's birthday party? That's absolutely right. Um, I didn't start talking to your wife's cousin and said, and what do you do for fun? And it led to this lovely conversation about his passion for Dungeons and Dragons. Oh, yes, there you go. And like he really, he spoke really enthusiastically
Starting point is 01:35:50 about it and we had lots of questions. And it was really nice. There you go, because you probably wanna, if you discuss what do you do for a job. Yeah, doctor. He was a doctor. Yeah, okay. Okay, that's nice.
Starting point is 01:35:59 I know what that is. Yeah, I know what that is. And then conversation over. Excuse me, I'm going back to the bar. I think my goal is to do the part of the question and probably be who excuse me. I'm going back to the bar. I think my girls you're dinner party question Probably be who are you and what are you doing in my house? And can I get you a drink? Good house.
Starting point is 01:36:14 That's a great question. So I would love to hear other people's answer questions on that and what answers with their question because yeah That could be something you keep in the back pocket for future. Yeah That's no so I love it. And I keep being indifferent and surviving. Yeah. Our next fact-coded question is, Alec Ruiz-Giharu, or Guerrero pardon me, Alec Ruiz-Gerero.
Starting point is 01:36:38 Beautiful. Fantastic name. Who's given themselves the title of, do go on seventh banana in brackets well at least until my alarm went off. You had a, okay. Did you have a dream? I'm dreaming about us, Alex.
Starting point is 01:36:53 Alex given us a question this week and is hello again. Hello. Hello. Have you all ever had to either pass on a report either because there wasn't a lot of info on it or because you weren't comfortable doing the report? I hope you are all doing wonderful and as always much as Gracias and there's a picture of a turtle or a Tortuga I believe that isn't Spanish. Oh, Lattie, duh. Have we ever passed on a topic because there wasn't enough information?
Starting point is 01:37:20 Apps are freaking lootly or a lot of the time lot of the time. I would have been pretty frequently. You look in the hat and go, I've never heard of that. Let me quickly look it up and you think, this looks tricky to get the info on it. You type it in, there's one source. It's a book that hasn't been printed since 1980. Yes, you cannot get a copy of it.
Starting point is 01:37:37 There's no digital excerpt going in you go. There's no Wikipedia page. You may see it all start on. Or it might be like something that happened, I don't know, in Sweden or something. There's not many English sources. Yes. So yeah, that happens all the time.
Starting point is 01:37:49 That has happened a fair bit. Fair then. Fair then. If you're, for me, I'll try and do that bit before I put the things up with the vote for the Petra because two out of three of the topics when it's outside of block tour but get voted by the Petra people. You don't want to lock yourself into a topic that's not possible to research. So that's when I'm mostly passing on a topic is going, I'm trying to get a three or four to vote on. And maybe I get two and trying
Starting point is 01:38:14 to find that third one can sometimes take like an air and a top. It takes so long sometimes to pick potential options. Absolutely. Yeah, so that does happen if it and things that aren't comfortable, we're not comfortable about. They have been, so we used to do a bit more like serial killer or murdery type ones. True crimey things. We don't do as many now and that is a bit more of a conscious choice, you know, full disclosure, because and some of them that have been suggested are too full on.
Starting point is 01:38:43 Absolutely. There's a few that in the hat that you do at Google and within two sentences you realize this is horrific. Yeah, there's no way that we can make this fun or interesting. And I don't really know how we made some of... I think with some of the killers that we've done that where they were discovered in a somewhat ridiculous way or it's a really intriguing story
Starting point is 01:39:06 and the investigation into them, that's one thing. Or it's really really old. Yeah, that's right. It feels a bit better. Centuries of separation from Jack the Repro something like that. But there's somewhere we're sort of like, oh, that involves a lot of children dying. Yes, we tend to avoid that.
Starting point is 01:39:19 We tend to really avoid those a lot. Yeah, so yeah, well, it is a great question. We tend to, we do a bit of everything, of course, but yeah, sometimes we use our own discretion just not only to protect our own mental health, but also just because we, we have a pretty good idea now of what we do well. Yeah, what will work best. Yeah, and what will be, what will make for an interesting podcast that we can do. There's a lot of really amazing true crime stuff out there that gets really gritty and
Starting point is 01:39:47 gory and awful and, you know, that's their territory. I don't think we do that as well, so we won't do it. That makes sense. Yeah. Yeah. So there you go. Thank you, Alec. Thanks, Alec.
Starting point is 01:40:03 Our next fact about a question is, Andrea Ana, I've actually gotten a pronunciation in brackets here that I've as I've double click got. Andrea Ana, Jen, you Aldi. Let me say that all together. Andrea Ana, Jen, you Aldi. Beautiful. Jen, you Aldi's a great name. I like the sanders.
Starting point is 01:40:22 Yes. The title that Andrea Ana's going on for is Chief Instigator. I like the Sanders. Yes. The title that Andrew Allen has gone for is Chief Instigator. Ooh, an important role. Of what? I like it. Maybe we'll find out. This one is a suggestion from Andrew Allen, actually, Vincere, which says, can you please record an episode that is mixed?
Starting point is 01:40:39 So the report presenter is in the middle, and the two sassy riffs are on to the left and one to the right. That way it all sound like we were sitting at the table with you. That is a really fun idea. Love the show, Andrew, right? That's interesting. So, right now I'm in the middle. Because I was reporting, Jess would be in the right-hand headphone. Yeah, I'd be pan'd to the left. I'm sure I'd be pan'd to the left, that's what would have happened then.
Starting point is 01:41:04 Oh, that's quite interesting. That is interesting. One more would feel like if you're in the car or in the surround sound. Yeah, I think it would feel good in headphones. This is probably a question for our fantastic editor, slash audio producer, AJ. Yeah, I think maybe we should try it
Starting point is 01:41:19 as a bonus one time and see if it works. Yeah, that's a good idea to see what people like. Because I could be pretty interesting. I think it would take a bit to get used to and then you'd feel all right. In headphones it would kind of feel nice. Yeah, we should do some sort of audible experience.
Starting point is 01:41:33 Yeah, yeah, great. That's a good idea. Thank you so much for that suggestion. Love that. And finally this week we've got Colin Wright, okay, hype man for my TikTok influencer brother. Woo! Hell yeah Colin.
Starting point is 01:41:48 And Colin's given us a brag, which we also welcome. We love a brag, the brag's absolutely welcome here. Okay, here we go. So my brother, who occasionally contributes here in fact quite a question, has a TikTok account where he talks about the collectible trading card game
Starting point is 01:42:04 magic, the gathering, the Gathering, which Colin adds, which would make a great good, which would make, sorry, my own, no. Read him as a good mate. No editorial. No editorial. That's all right. That's all right. Sput running great, which would make a good report, such as menu report. Among other things, he makes awesome skits where he uses green screen to play the game against himself to illustrate cool tricks and also to make very esoteric jokes about magic. I'm writing in today to break you recently just past 10,000 followers.
Starting point is 01:42:32 How yeah! That makes him officially a tick-tock professional. Oh my god. Love it. His account is at under the number 100 EDH. So UND 100, 100, 100, EDH. And he goes by co-bold coffers. Love it. He specializes in putting together really cool decks that aren't super expensive to buy and anyone listening who enjoys magic the gathering should check him out.
Starting point is 01:42:57 He was the one who first got me to listen to the pod on episode 147, and he Oakley, little Miss Shaw Shop. Thanks so much, one of my reports. I didn't really get what podcasts were at the time. So I was initially very confused, Annie Oakley, Little Miss Shaw Shop. Thanks so much, one of my reports. I didn't really get what podcasts were at the time, so I was initially very confused, but love the vibe, and I've seen, I've been a patron for a few years now.
Starting point is 01:43:12 That's awesome. So thanks to my brother who got me into this and congrats to him on this cool milestone, Hellier, PS. I told him it was like when Jess was campaigning for 10K on Insta, because I relate too many things in our lives to the pod lol.
Starting point is 01:43:27 But hopefully no one hacks his account. Oh man. Are you taking me back Colin? What a time that was. That's really cool and really nice. A beautiful sibling moment there. I love it. One more time it's at under 100EDH.
Starting point is 01:43:41 Check it out. As a fellow TikTok influencer. Yeah, I've deleted TikTok now. I've been offered for two or three weeks, I think. Really? Is in like your account or that's like on your friends you don't scroll anymore? Yeah, it's not on my phone anymore. Um, so I haven't posted for a while. Was it taking over your life that kind of reason?
Starting point is 01:44:00 Yeah, yeah, I was wasting so much time. I was losing hours of my day. That's why I couldn't, I couldn't get another social media. Yeah, it's too much, but I did get two million views on one video and then I deleted the app because I was like, I've clocked it. I'm done. So good, most people would be hooked at that point, but you're like, no. I was like, it was an accident. And my life hasn't changed. I'm fine. I'm not rich. But that's a beautiful sibling moment there. I love that. I can't imagine my brother writing into a podcast to brag about me.
Starting point is 01:44:32 So that's very nice. Now, our next section of the... Favorite section of the show is where we think a few more people have been supporting the show and we give them a shout out. And then, Jesy's comes up with a little game for like a little nickname or something that we can give to each of these people. Yeah. It was accidental inventions, anything. I'm really caught with something that would be entered. Okay, great. Oh god. I regret this a bit already. Look, if you're going to do it, how about I read out the names and you come up. Look, you've been volunteered for a mate,
Starting point is 01:45:02 you've got to do the creative part. I'll just thank the people. How could I use the horse name generator to make this work? Is there a random invention generator? Let's try. Random invention generator. Oh my God. It's like the second thing that came up on Google. I've forgot about the horse generator.
Starting point is 01:45:19 I haven't used it in eight, doesn't I love it? OK, let's see. Which one have you clicked on? I've clicked on boardhumans.com. Fantastic. We use AI to come up with ideas for new inventions. To be clear, the inventors below are not real. They are computer generated.
Starting point is 01:45:41 Okay, yeah. Okay. It comes up with a new invention every time you press generate. I'm just going to read the first sentence of it. Okay. Because it comes up with a full paragraph. Yeah, it looks like it really goes into the mechanics of the patent and things like this.
Starting point is 01:45:57 But I'm just going to read first sentence. Yeah, to sum up what it is. That's right. Okay, first thank you this week. It goes out to Kay Lean from Bradford in Great Britain. And Kay Lean has invented the methanol regent, which is a way of reducing the toxicity and damage due to high levels of sulfur.
Starting point is 01:46:17 Oh, wow. That sounds like it would be really helpful. That really does. So, good job. Kay Lean, it could be Kay Lean. Now I'm looking at that name again. Let me have a look. Okay, Lent, it could be Kayly Ann. Now I'm looking at that name again. Let me have a look. That's Kayly Ann, baby.
Starting point is 01:46:28 Yeah, yes, I'm sorry. Kayly Ann from Bradford. I think you're great. Next up, I would like to thank from Dubbo in New South Wales. It's Catherine Bain. Okay, I'm reading this verbatim. My invention is named the B-Wave, which I am pleased to present here today. So I will read the second sentence for this one.
Starting point is 01:46:46 Okay. The B-wave is a device for wireless computing without the need of costly components. The B-wave. The B-wave. Invented by Catherine Bain. Can you believe it? So your name is B, so that's good stuff. That makes sense.
Starting point is 01:46:58 On the Catherine? The Bain Wave would be better. Ah, the Bain Wave. Great. Next up, thank you to Joe Bedworth or Joe Bedworth from Watchister. Watchister. My invention is named a transcepter,
Starting point is 01:47:12 which I am the first person to do. I have done so in such a way that I have a new name for it. It's called a transcepter. And the name is called Transcepter of the body or Transcepter of the mind or Transceptor of the Mind. The new name for the Transceptor is the Transceiver of the Body when he gives instructions to a man to put on a new hat. The hat was made with a Transceptor made from a piece of cloth called a hemi pod.
Starting point is 01:47:42 It is said that the hat was attached to a tube that ran from the head on the hat to the head of the transseptor. I think that one's nice and clear. That is fantastic. Worked, Joe Bedworth. I know I said first sentence, but that one really got away from me. When it was like, I call this new transcepter, the transcepter. That's good stuff. Thank you to, now this person, hasn't given the send-am, so we hope you know who you are.
Starting point is 01:48:11 Sean. Sean. So it could be seen, but I think it's probably Sean. Where's Sean from? From Sky in Victoria. Ah, yes. Sky Victor, I think you're Sean, inventor of. The Stroke Switch.
Starting point is 01:48:23 For use with a battery that is connected to a device attached to the front of a car and connected to a wire to the rear of the car. While driving the battery that is connected to the rear of the car's rear view mirror is charged to generate electricity that generates power to heat up the car's air compressor units. Why is the review mirror involved in electricity in any way? I don't think it needs to be at all. Love it. But I'm not an inventor.
Starting point is 01:48:51 Exactly. I don't understand these things. Most of these inventions like we say come from accidents. So you know what I'm saying? They somehow routed the electricity through the review mirror and made it work. I don't ever science, brain. So I don't understand it.
Starting point is 01:49:05 That doesn't mean it's not helpful. We'll wait a judge. Exactly right. I would like to thank now from Elba Kerkie in New Mexico, Lydia Valentine. Inventor of? Whole for a shield. Whole for a shield. After purchasing some parts and following the directions provided by the patent attorney,
Starting point is 01:49:25 I was able to obtain this patent on July 19, 2010. Great work. The patent states that insulating layer may come into contact with a wall, surface or other barrier and that is not covered by a shield. I love that. I was called for a shield. I always thought that you don't want a hole in your shield. I love that. I'm called for a shield. I always thought that like you don't want a hole in your shield. What if you just have a hole for a shield? In place of a shield,
Starting point is 01:49:51 you just have a hole. Have you thought about that? I haven't. What I have now, Lydia Valentine. Next up from Denver, Colorado, Big Shoutout to Ryan King. My invention is named Plantation Control Machine. Okay. The invention is described in detail below and should be known to anyone who has ever read the invention. But may not realize it. AI, I think, is a way of taking all of our jobs. I'm happy about it, too, honest.
Starting point is 01:50:20 This invention, as described below, is a method of controlling water on plant roots. I guess that makes sense for a plantation- Oh, yeah, you're from a plant. Yeah, there you go. There you go. Are we happy with that? Ha ha ha.
Starting point is 01:50:34 Do you want me to generate another one? Nope, love it. I absolutely love it. Plantation control machine. Next up from Austin in Massachusetts, sorry to say it incorrectly, big shout out to Hannah Lotto-Wasser. Invention, the neural motor motor.
Starting point is 01:50:50 That you can use to create an electronic device called the SMART motor. The SMART motor is a small device that is connected to a smartphone or other mobile device. The device acts like a smartphone, but it also acts like a smartphone. You can't argue about that. You can't argue with it. And we thank the invention generator for sharing wisdom with us. I think Hannah, We thank Hannah Lottawassel for the Neural motor motor. Wow. I would like to thank from Williamstown here in Melbourne, Colleen Duncan.
Starting point is 01:51:30 I'd love to have it bear with Colleen. Well, Colleen invented the electrical rechargeable battery charging system. Any questions? I think it's self-explanatory, but I will finish the sentence, which can charge a battery of any type, including electric, hydroelectric, hydrogear, and other devices with such charge. The electrical rechargeable battery charging system. I take my head off to that. That's an important invention and a step forward.
Starting point is 01:52:00 Thank you, Colleen. And finally, for us this week, I would like to thank from Doricreek in New South Wales, Big Shoutout to inventor Lucinda Ferrell. Lucinda invented electro-electro-laser sensor. They really love the double-up. They do. They love the double-up. Which can be used to measure energy at a certain time
Starting point is 01:52:21 and for controlling lasers in a certain way. Electro-electro-laser sensor used to measure energy at a certain time. And I don't know if that means only once a day does it work to measure energy? Or you can say, I want to measure the energy at four o'clock this afternoon. Not sure. But it can also control lasers in a certain way, which it does not expand on. Yeah, okay. But we can, we trust that it's all above thought. The only thing left to do is check in on our tripditch club,
Starting point is 01:52:57 which is our Hall of Fame, our clubhouse, for the people that have been supporting the show on the shout out level or above, for three consecutive years. We've already given them a shoutout in the past, but to enshrine them in do-go-on history and thank them for their continuing service, we invite them into our basically, our Hall of Fame, our clubhouse,
Starting point is 01:53:14 where it's a hangout zone. It's a cafe, it's a restaurant. It's a bar, it's a theater restaurant. It's a theater restaurant. I'm behind the bar. I've got food and snacks for you. I am gonna be serving the Betty White cocktail that Michelle accidentally invented.
Starting point is 01:53:33 I accidentally invented a perfect toasty. I won't tell you what's in it. Oh my gosh. Cause I haven't got the patent yet. But let me tell you, the flavor combos will blow you a freaking mind. So I got that. You usually book a band as well, Dave. Oh yeah, you're never gonna believe I've got this one.
Starting point is 01:53:50 Oh, you got you will never believe one of my all time favorite bands, performing one of my all time favorite albums, the Canadian band themselves, Alexis on fire are here to perform in full. And this is I booked this this obviously months ago and I just requested this album because it's one of my favorite their second album in full the album is called Watch Out and it opens with the track Accidents Wow and that was an accident that is crazy can you believe that I can't I won't So without Matt here
Starting point is 01:54:25 So I refused so what a band what a band so normally it's Matt's job he lives a velvet rope Let's people into the club ticks him off the checklist. Yes. Yes, you hype them up. I hype you up I think this time I will read the names. I'll check them off the list You hype them up and then I'll still hype you up So it is still a lot of work for me. And I want to preface again that I, I have, it was hit by a car. So maybe we can get some sort of like, like machine that lifts the velvet rope up. Maybe one of our great inventors could come up with something.
Starting point is 01:54:53 Oh, yeah, I won't be able to actually lift the rope. People have to do that themselves. I'll have to limbo. I've got bruised ribs. But are you ready to welcome some people in? I'm so ready. Okay, well, first up, I would love to welcome in from Salma in California,
Starting point is 01:55:09 Silma, one of those. Frankie E. Frankie E, thank you. Yeah. Oh, he's good. Oh, he's good. That's not good, everyone. From Seattle, Washington, it's Matthew A. Bad.
Starting point is 01:55:22 More like Matthew A. Go. Oh, it was right there. Matthew A. Great. Oh my god A. Go. Oh, it was right there. Matthew A. Great. Oh my god, even better. Let me upgrade ya. Oh, and finally, just, there's a thread this week from Fitzroy North here in Melbourne in Victoria. A Dean at Coldwell.
Starting point is 01:55:37 More like Dean Cold Great. Oh! Well, it's not good enough for me, Dean. How you doing? Pretty well? I want to make you pretty great. Pretty great. That's how to create.
Starting point is 01:55:48 I want to make you pretty great. That sounded awful. No, we do, don't we, you mean? You're fine. You've been hit by a car. A 55 car. And I deserve sympathy. You've done so well.
Starting point is 01:55:56 I deserve sympathy and pity. I've done two full episodes today. I'm brave. You're so brave. Thank you. Thank you for your service. To podcasts. Do you think anyone's forget to, there'll ever be a time in the future where someone is So brave. Thank you for your service. To podcasts.
Starting point is 01:56:08 Do you think anyone's gonna deliver me a time in the future where someone is like night to do even like in one of those MBAs or whatever for services to podcasts? If it's not us, I'll think it's the wonkiest thing. I don't know. I'm going to be like, this feels right. This feels right. Thank you so much. Thank you for acknowledging our hard work. It was tough spending all those years catching up on a weekly basis with two of our closest friends
Starting point is 01:56:27 and sharing a laugh and learning, telling some stories, but we did it for the nation. You're right. And the world. We changed this country for the better. Oh, I mean, you could put us on money if you would cis. The 10, I'll come on, we're worth more than that. There's three of us for God's sake.
Starting point is 01:56:44 But yeah, there you go. Well, that's everything that we need to do isn't a day. That is absolutely it. Thank you so much for listening this far, everyone. We absolutely appreciate it. And love you all. And if people want to get in contact with us, just we have a website. What's that all about? It's do go on pod.com. And you can find information about live shows. You can see all the podcasts in our podcast network. We've got a few of them now. And yeah, fun merch, everything you need all in one handy location.
Starting point is 01:57:12 Yeah, one look at including your tickets to our upcoming Christmas show. Yes. Saturday, December the 2nd here in Melbourne. 430, we're back doing it after the show. So hopefully you can come along, spread the Christmas joy. Yeah, go to dogoonpod.com and find tickets there.
Starting point is 01:57:26 We'll be back next week with our fourth most requested blockbuster tober special. But until then, I'll say thank you so much and goodbye. LATERS BYE! How was your bike arm? Yaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

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