Doomed to Fail - Ep 71 - Volcanoes Part 7 - The End of the World - Yellowstone & Mass Extinctions

Episode Date: December 18, 2023

It's our final #volcano episode! We are going to #yellowstone #nationalpark to talk about what might happen if the #supervolcano erupts - but before that, we'll talk about the volcanoes on the moon & other planets in our solar system. We'll also talk about the 5 previous #MassExtinctions that Earth has seen. Will it happen to humans? Yes. Will it happen in our lifetimes? Probably not. We are honestly so excited that we've made it this far! We have learned SO MUCH and had so much fun telling these stories! Thank you for listening!! This week's episode is brought to you by NauTee Studio! Check them out on Etsy - https://www.etsy.com/shop/NauteeStudioI watched some movies - some so bad I don’t even remember what they are! But I definitely watched the day after tomorrow, which was greatBBC Supervolcano : The truth about Yellowstone (Full Documentary)Books:Super Volcanoes: What They Reveal about Earth and the Worlds Beyond - which was not at all about super volcanoes The Ends of the World: Volcanic Apocalypses, Lethal Oceans, and Our Quest to Understand Earth's Past Mass Extinctions: Brannen, Peter: 9780062364814Woman Sentenced to 7 Days in Jail for Walking in Yellowstone’s Thermal Area - The New York TimesBritish Airways Flight 009 - Wikipedia Join our Founders Club on Patreon to get ad-free episodes for life! patreon.com/DoomedtoFailPodWe would love to hear from you! Please follow along! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/doomedtofailpod/  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/doomedtofailpod  Youtube:  https://www.youtube.com/@doomedtofailpod TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@doomed.to.fail.pod Email: [e-mail] 

In the matter of the people of the state of California, first is Hortonthall James Simpson, case number B.A.019. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country. And we're off. Got it. Got it. We're here, Taylor. We're here on a sunny Sunday afternoon. having a conversation that is going to lead to an epic episode as I'm sure we were heading into. So, I'll kick us off. Welcome to

Do and to Fail. The podcast will we cover two topics, one historic, one true crime, or whatever the fuck we feel like, whenever we feel like because we're not getting paid and we can do whatever we want. So, I i'm fars joined here by taylor hi taylor how are you good how are you i'm good i have a very fancy wait parts hold on a second taylor's talking to one we got a thumbs up no um they're going to the

store um you don't want anything no but once i leave i can get some wine because i thought i had to go to the store but if i don't have to go to the store then i can check some wine okay so i am drinking a very fancy Manhattan in a plastic sippy cup oh weird it's not it's not a child sippy cup because that'll be creepy it's like a little plastic cup i got from dinada which is a mexican restaurant here i mean it's exactly what child's sip cup looks like i actually am actively throwing mine away because i am over having different dishes for children and adults and here i am an adult with no children with children with children cups which isn't creepy at all um i do actually remember for a change who goes first it is you and these my legs these are my lovely lovely

legs just a lot of leg right now it's a lot of leg yeah i just i just feel like for a visual everyone should know that far as wears like the deepest v necks possible and or potentially you're wearing just a hoodie that's half unzipped that was happening uh this is what was formerly called a wife feeder but apparently beating your wife beating your wife is inappropriate these days what did what did the kids call them now um a shirts or girlfriend beaters maybe i don't know i don't know a shirt that's what i heard a shirt there we go i'm wearing an a shirt uh no beating a woman allowed so that's very 2005 of you cool thanks so today is your turn to go first so i want to continue our game of me guessing what you're going to be talking about so why don't we start by

you telling me what you're drinking um i was going to drink um for this season mostly um hypothetically drinking some spiced eggnog because i had some mystery it was pretty good i have egg nog it's in the fridge i also have espresso martine's in the fridge i'm not trying to brag okay so that doesn't give me any clues as what you're doing so give me a little bit because i think the spicy thing is part of it um i i read two but it's not helpful i read two books i watched a um a document documentary that the BBC did, this is, I'm actually, so I'm actually going to start talking about the universe in our solar system and then pull all the way back to the 12,000 years that humans have been on the earth pretty much. Okay. So we're talking about evolution. Not really.

We're talking about the earth as a structure. No. i feel like anything else i say is going to just tell you what it is i think just tell me what it is i'm just going to finish my volcano series with volcanoes number seven yellowstone that has nothing to do with pumpkin spice no i said spicy because i feel like volcanoes are spicy i'm not going to have like a sweet drink if i'm drinking a volcano it doesn't matter you know what you know what your logic your logic actually kind of tracks and i will say that i'm super curious when you first sort of being like i'm going to do a seven-port series on volcanoes and i just like dug directly into yellow songs i was like dude that would be epic like not good

it wouldn't be good oh no but it would be epic because apparently he's fucking huge and it is whenever whenever that thing pops off and it will well well we will already have been converted into batteries for the the AI bots. Probably, yeah. That's actually part of it. It'll be fun. No, totally.

I think that that's excited that you know a little bit about it because we just talk about that. I also want to say, I never thought I'd get here. And I'm just really proud of myself for doing seven hours of content on volcanoes, technically, pretty much. Taylor, we're on like episode 70. I'm proud of us for having done this for this long. I know.

I can't believe that we did this this year. I'm like, what? I just, it's really cool. So, yes, I am very proud of both of us for all the things. Cheers. Cheers. So to prep for this episode, I watched a documentary from the BBC called Super Volcano, which I think is actually the first time anyone ever used the word Supervolcano.

They, like, made it up to get viewers, obviously, which makes sense. I read a book called Super Volcanoes, what they reveal about Earth and the Worlds Beyond, which is not at all about Supervolcanoes. Basically, it has like one sentence about Yellowstone that's like, it's not going to happen to calm down, and then talks about other planets. So we'll talk about that. I read a book called The Ends of the World, Volcanic Apocalypse, Leasal Oceans, and Our Quest to Understand Earth's Past, Mass Extinctions.

So talk about those. And then a couple articles I read as well. But I also watched a ton of End of the World movies. Which ones? Honestly, some of them were so bad. I can't even remember. I thought about looking it up, but there's one that was awful. I watched, obviously, the day after tomorrow, which was great.

Oh, my God. And it's always great. And then the answer tomorrow turned into a movie that I did not finish, but it was like a hallmark movie with our friend Laura Harris called Snowmageddon. It just like like kind of like flows into like the next movie, you know. And it was some again, which is definitely like it was like a lifetimeish movie because it was about like a kid who had a snow globe that like was causing disasters. So like it's not true at all.

But she's a helicopter pilot. It was hilarious. So her helicopter like crashes in the in the mountains. And it doesn't explode. It just like she just like wakes up and there's like pieces of helicopter all around her. in the snow. So funny. But as her helicopter was crashing, there was a real earthquake at my house.

That's wild. Yeah, you did tell me that. It was scary because it was like happening in the movie, it was like and then all of a sudden everything in my house was like so it was a 3.3. Didn't you say that Laura played like someone's great grandmother or something? No, Laura played. Okay, so our friend Laura Harris, if you know who she is, she's

like looks super young. This was like a movie she made like 10 years ago, but the girl who played her daughter was like five years younger than her at best you know and people were like in the in the movie they were like oh my god your teenage daughter and I'm like I wouldn't in a million years of guess that she was supposed to be her teenage daughter Laura's like maybe 40 years old like yeah it was like ridiculous the woman to play the daughter was like at least 27 I was like this is dumb I do not believe she's 15 but but anyway so I watched a bunch of those um another takeaway that I have is in oh you know what I watch I watch leave the world behind have you seen that one it's a new

one oh my god okay taylor hold on let's talk about this okay so i'm not hearing enough talk about the fact that the obamas produced it and it's like do they really yeah it says in the opening credits no it's like it's like dude like they're probably trying to say something like like it's kind of like what the only time i heard there's one podcast i listened to where they brought it up and in the way they brought it up was like Obama you're giving away all of our secrets like other countries like if this is what we're planning to do to other people you shouldn't be telling it like but it's just like I don't know it's creepy it's like did you watch really yeah yeah no I think I think that that well

guess spoiler alert pause and forward two minutes but like basically people can't be trusted all you have to do is like mess us up and tell us that something that is going to happen and we will destroy ourselves yeah we're kind of doing that yeah ten are absolutely will happen people will start literally why i don't talk about politics because it's like yeah nothing happens nothing going to happens yeah no that they yes i agree that they're telling us what's going to happen and what's going to happen is we're going to destroy ourselves like we don't need someone to destroy us we can destroy ourselves cool cool cool cool i also think that yeah it's wait aren't you getting wine

oh i was going to but i don't have to i can wait until i'm done i'll get it where i'm done okay So there's a lot of ways that we're going to die that is not have anything to do with Yellowstone erupting, but let's get there. So I have four sections to talk about volcanoes and other planets, Earth's mass extinctions. We'll recap our volcanoes and they'll talk about Yellowstone. Cool. So first we'll pull all the way back and talk about other planets, our solar system and our universe we know so little about space it's like unbelievable how little we know and we're just

like in it like it's no big deal but like we have no idea what's out there but we do know that a lot of other planets had volcanoes because of like the way they look and the rocks and stuff that we've gotten back from them so like the moon mercury mars have all had volcanoes mars has the largest volcano in the solar system it's called the olympus mons and it's like a hundred times bigger than anything on Earth. Yeah, we're about this one. Dormant. Yeah, like allegedly dormant. But we don't know what's going on.

Also, like, other planets, as far as we know, don't have the titanic plates that we have because they don't have water. So, like, things aren't moving in, like, weird ways. Like, the, I don't know if it's just because of the water, but, like, they're not having those, like, things that we're having, or at least not anymore. Like, they might have had all of those, like, the plates and the volcanoes and the subduction zones and all the stuff we've learned, but they don't anymore. They just have, like, the remnants of it in, like, shapes.

Yeah, it's like dead planets, basically. Yeah. And Earth has active volcanoes, obviously, we're here. Jupiter's moon iso has active volcanoes. Venus might, but we're not 100% sure. So there might be, like, volcanic activity happening on Venus, currently, but we don't know. And then EO definitely does.

That's important because these other parts, planets can either be a future state of what can and will happen to the earth or like potentially like a like a state on the way to becoming like earth so we just like aren't sure but it could mean something and it means something that the volcanoes are there because even in places like underwater on earth where there are volcanoes like happening underwater there is life there there's those hydrothermal vents that are under the ocean they're hot as balls but things live there you know not like people but like microorganisms and they like it there you know like worms there's worms down there yeah so like it could mean that there's you know if there's life another planet it's

probably worms you know what I mean makes sense yeah um so even the moon could have looked more like earth at some point like when its volcanoes were actively erupting because as we've seen before like when volcanoes are erupting it's also like kind of cleansing the land and like we're seeing new things that grow. So we've had the opportunity to see that a couple times in recent history when, you know, after Krakatoa, an island was totally destroyed, but then what happens after? Like

birds start coming, they poop out seeds, things start happening. Like what happens when you start from zero and then things start happening? So a lot that we don't know. But the point is in order for us to be here to have this world that

has water, that has biodiversity, that has plants, that has any of these things, we're just really really fucking lucky this is just a blip in all of time i mean also we wouldn't never know if we weren't lucky of course but like but we are we're just it's just such an unbelievably ridiculously short amount of time that we've even kind of been here and we're just like trash in the joint yeah we're like we're like a rock metal band that like checks in to the Beverly Hilton and just fucking goes ab shit. And we're acting like we'll always be here.

And we definitely won't. We don't know that, Taylor. We absolutely will not always be here. We might be, well, it has some ideas of where we're going to go event after this. But we're not always going to be here the way we are right now. If I'm going to have like one more arm, that'll be kind of cool. If I could have one more arm coming on my chest and that helps with adaptations and evolution, That'd be kind of cool.

Yeah. I mean, sure. I could clap like three ways. I don't know why you'd want to do that, but great. Type faster. The options are. Yeah. So the point is, there's a lot of other things happening on other planets that have to do with volcanoes.

And they've happened in like the million years in the past. We don't know the details, but it'd be cool to know more. And maybe someday we will, but really we don't. In the super volcano book I was reading, basically he was like, this is super exciting. It's super fun to think about. and there's all these people who are studying it, and they're just really fucking excited, too.

You know, it's like cool to think about because we don't know. Yeah, makes sense. You know, exists out in space. So on Earth, we, again, I need to talk about how short of a time humans have been on the planet. So the planet's been around for millions and millions of years. Humans have been around for about 300,000 years, and it's only been in the last, like, 12,000 years that we've,

popped out of the last ice age and have been able to, like, thrive the way that we have been. And these last 12,000 years have been really, really nice as far as Earth weather goes. If you're looking for something as nice as the Earth used to be or currently is, stay tuned for our sponsor. This week's episode of Doom to Fail is brought to you by Nau Tea Studio. Are you looking for some holiday merch for a friend's gift exchange? A fun gift for a sibling secret sand. check out the collection of inappropriate holiday sweaters and gifts from Naughty Studio. We definitely don't recommend them for a work party, but we do recommend them for a family party where you'd like to make someone uncomfortable and also take a few minutes to yell about free speech

because this is America. Find Naughty Studio, that's N-A-U-T-E-E-S studio, on Instagram and Etsy. Use a promo code, let's do this for 15% off your order. That's Naughty Studio. We'll put the link in our show notes and happy holidays from us. Thanks. it's a whole planet's been on fire whole planet's been ice like these past 12,000 years have been like kind of the nicest

that we've ever known about and that's why we're here sweet I'll say good you know so we also only have about 5,000 years of time recorded um like history recorded history and that's 1.6% of all the time the humans have been around I'm getting closer to you because that is so upsetting to me. Isn't like the prevailing Christian science that the Earth is 5,000 years old? Yeah, so dumb. Because that's as long as we can go back.

They got it. Right? Yeah. But no, we go back way farther than that. And we don't know what happened, which is crazy. Like just blows my mind. I don't know what happened. I don't even understand.

Okay, tell me this makes sense. So we have 1.6% of 300,000 years. of human history recorded? What if humans are around in the way that we think we are right now for the next like 100,000 years? What if we had 100,000 years of history recorded? How do we even handle that? It's just too much information. That's like too many stories and myths and histories and buildings and technology and cultures. And like that's too much stuff. How would we handle that? AI. It's going to have to be AA probably.

Yeah. For a robot because it's too much. So anyway, it's just the stuff is just like freaking. me out because i'm so both terrified that we have no record of most of human history and also overwhelmed by the thought of what we did have that record what we would do with it and how we would survive mentally i don't know if it would make an impact i mean you just to like know what somebody ate seven thousand years ago right i mean was what their life's like today i carved a stone like how many times can you read that story 50 times where you're bored like i guess

I still, I don't know, I guess. I love your optimism. I'm sorry, I'm not meaning to show them. I don't even think it's optimism. I was like not even sure what to do with this information. I'm just like, I don't know what to do this. So the end of the world. Is that going to happen in a day?

It's going to happen over like thousands or hundreds of years. And then, and then things will change. So this is what we know from the past mass extinctions that we know about on Earth. But we do know, and I feel confident in saying that the way things are right now, will disappear someday. So if not, like, today, because Yellowstone erupts, someday, it will, this will all be gone. If it's, like, in, you know, 800 million years when the sun explodes or sooner, so I'll be gone. So there's a real chance that, like, Florida will be underwater and it will be, maybe not in our lifetimes, but someday. Coastal cities will be abandoned.

And that will happen, but just like maybe not in our lifetimes. But something will happen where the oceans will rise eventually. And people live on the coast will have to move inland. And that will cause a huge humanitarian problem. So like something will happen. But we don't know what it's going to be. And right now we're just lucky nothing's happened so far. But we also haven't been here that long.

So that's probably why nothing's happened so far. That makes sense. It also means that like your like cabin in Montana could be prime ocean front real estate one day. 100%. And it will be. Someday. So, okay, on Earth, we have had five mass extinctions that we know of. We know because of the fossil record, but the fossil record is like so small. There's so many, there's like estimated, like, I don't even know. I didn't look it up. Millions of animals that we don't even know existed, except we don't know. And I think a good example that they brought up in this book that I, in the mass extinction book that I read is, do you know how we talked about passenger pigeons? Yes. Can you tell us a little bit about them?

What do you remember? They basically were like regular looking pigeons except I think they had pink feet or something. They had pink something. I think they had yeah. Something. And they ultimately went extinct. There was one that was preserved and saved and it was the guy, Leopold or one of those guys that actually preserved the very last pasture pigeon and it's sitting somewhere in a museum in New York.

Did I make everything up? They were also on the Titanic. on the Titanic and that one of them went down with a ship and Captain Smith had I don't think Leopold and Loeb with the person who Texager made the last one that happened to be in a museum but it is like a very rich white

dude um hobby to tax it or meet birds in that time so yes but there were but you remember how many passenger pigeons there were yeah there was like billions there were billions of them so they would fly over your house for like days like the flock would be so huge so there were so

many of this bird and then like we hunted them to death, all the things, and they're gone. Guess how many passenger pigeons have been found in the fossil record? So if you were coming in a thousand years from now, trying to figure out how many passenger pigeons there were, guess how many you would find in the fossil record? I'm going to go with zero. Two. That's pretty close to zero. Pretty close to zero. So there's nothing in the fossil record that tells you that story that you just sort of told me. Did one go down with the Titanic? Yes.

Okay. No, but I didn't learn that there was one dog that I had in the Titanic. That's so sad. That's even worse than the people dying. No, it's not. It is because the people chose to be, that's the thing, that's the one like animal cruelty that's so much different than human. It is so much better to beat a human than it is to be an animal because an animal doesn't understand anything that a human does.

Like an animal, a human chose to go on a Titanic. They chose to wear a tuxedo and they chose not to get into a life wrap, whereas a poor little pekinese is like, I'm just going to do what mommy tells me to do because I have no free will. Did you know that one of the big things is that they didn't have enough life rafts for all the people? Well, they still could put one Pekingese in there. They're not that big. All right. I agree. I disagree. So the point is the fossil record tells us almost nothing. It tells us something, but there's so much that we don't know. So one thing that is in common with all mass extinctions is a level of carbon dioxide. So if there's more carbon dioxide in the air, the temperature goes up. If there's

less it goes down. And both of those things cause these mass extinctions because even if the global temperature rises or lowers by a few degrees, that makes a huge difference on like ocean levels, plants, animal life, all those things. So here's the first one. The first one is the Ordovician-Slerian extinction. Ordovician-Slerian extinction happened 443 to 485 million years ago. So like somewhere within it was like a million year pocket. It was likely a combination of glatian, oh my God, and a drop in sea levels, meaning that it was cold. And so the sea levels dropped and a lot of it, a lot of the sea turned to ice.

And that makes sea level drop because the ice goes up. So it's less. And so a lot of the things in the ocean died. It was 60% of marine species went extinct. So things like brachio pods and trilobites, like the little tiny things that were in there. and so what it is is and the plankton and the plants are fighting for the oxygen that's left

and that's how you see those mass extinctions and so again like I'm not a scientist but the dead plankton causes it turns into like this like green sludge and that like helps just destroy the ocean and destroy anything that's living

in the ocean. So when things in the ocean die like the coral reefs like that's happening today that creates this like slime as it all decays that changes oxygen levels in the ocean and that causes a lot of things to die as well so that happened 440 something million years ago next was the late devonian extinction 359 to 372 million years ago and that also was the same thing climate change climate changes sea level fluctuations so the sea level is always going up and down and when it happens a lot

things are going to die, 70% of species, especially marine organisms like trilobites and the things that built reefs died during that one. So nothing's really on land yet. And there might not even have been that much land yet, but things in the ocean are dying. Then the big one, the biggest one, is the Permian Triassic extinction that happened 252 million years ago. And this was probably caused by volcanoes. This is the where volcanoes come in, climate change and asteroid impacts. So this is because we have more land. And one thing that I just learned in this book that I was reading that I hadn't thought about, but like, remember when all the continents were one thing? And geo? Yes. Remember how we just learned that in like the last 100 years about

continental drift and all that? So obviously, the continents are still drifting and they won't always look like this. I always assume that they're done, but they're not. They're going to continually drift forever. So as the ocean goes up and down, as it will, as it always has, things will change. And they always will. Does that make sense? Taylor, what you're talking about makes me think a lot about global warming now.

Yeah. And framing it in like that way, I'm like, well, if the planet is always subject to whatever organisms impact its environment and always cycling through those organisms, then maybe we're all going to, like, most of us are just going to have to die. Like, maybe like, maybe like instead of stopping global warming, I mean, there's no stopping global warming, right? Like, it's happening right now, whatever, like, we just have to accept that, like, the top 50% of humanity

is probably going to survive and the bottom half is just going to have to walk into the ocean with the lead best son. Like I don't... Well, I think, yes. Okay, so something was always going to happen. What's happening now

is the amount of CO2 in the air that we're pumping into the air is more than has ever happened before. You know? So like something would have happened to us eventually. We are making it happen

significantly faster because we are using all of these dead animals fossil fuels and we're releasing it all into the air faster than ever before so like what we're doing was probably going to happen but we're making it happen faster yeah yeah it's just it's just like the planet's always going to like have a self-healing property it feels like and it's like well fuck the dinosaurs or fuck these single cell organisms in the ocean and now it's eventually you're like fuck the humans and like i don't know if i were the planet i would 100% say that listen guys

just accept that you're going to die, like right now. Like, just accept that it is, for sure, you're going to be, have to walk in the ocean. And we can do, we can do things to, like, you know, obviously, like, makes things better, blah, blah, blah. Like, I was reading recently about, like, remember in the 80s when, like, the ozone layer had a big hole in it? Oh, my God, I do. The aerosol cans. We were the aerosols? But then we changed it.

And now it doesn't have a hole in it anymore. You know, it's like, yeah. So we could really do things to change these things and fix these things. How did aerosol cans create a whole... I have literally no ideas. Let us know. Do you understand how aerosolpott at gmail.com? Do you understand how aerosolcans did that? Yes, scientists and Ph.D candidates that listen to our show,

just please write in. Please, let us know. Yeah, the whole other thing. But, okay, the Permian Triassic had more land in it because the continents had like started to kind of make themselves in a way, that we see like a little bit more familiar. And there's a theory that totally makes sense is that if a asteroid hits the Earth,

it can trigger volcanoes under the other side of the Earth, which I think totally makes sense because you're like the whole Earth is shaking. Like, you know, you just like hop on the other side. So this one killed approximately 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates.

So this was not the big one. that killed the dinosaurs, but it like paved the way for dinosaurs because most other things died. Okay. Make sure. Then there's a Triassic Jurassic extinction. That one is the has to do with volcanic activity and climate change. Those come in hand in hand because a volcano is going to be putting all that ash, all that CO2

up into the air. About 20% of marine families and terrestrial species died, including some early dinosaurs when extinct during that time. And that's like so many things that we don't even know. Like, who knows? Like what kind of animals love during that time? And then the big one, which is the most recent one, is a Cretaceous Haleogene extinction that happened 66 million years ago. That's the one that killed the dinosaurs.

That one is the asteroid impact, volcanic activity as the Earth is shifting, as it got hit by this big asteroid in Mexico. And I also read like a fun, like, anecdote in the mass extinction book where, like, there were some scientists. trying to find where the asteroid might have hit and other scientists had found the crater and then they hadn't talked to each other for like 10 years until one guy finally went into a meeting with the other guys and he was like oh I know where that is and then they like figured it out so I remember I thought I read that the whole Yucatan crater was like reported when I was a kid like it was like I feel like he was like a big thing when I was a kid like we found out where the asteroid hit yeah it's new it's not like an old thing that we knew it's new

Yeah. Yeah. So that one killed 75% of the species on Earth, including the dinosaurs, except the ones that obviously turned into birds, which we also didn't learn until Jurassic Park 1. So, soon. And now we, like, talk about that all the time. Yeah, and the Raptors didn't even look like that. The Raptors apparently were, like, basically chickens. They were, like, feathered and, like, they look stupid as fuck.

As a parent to children, I know a lot about dinosaurs. And if you want to learn about dinosaurs, I recommend the show Dino Dana. It's so cute. About a little girl who sits dinosaurs and you learn so much and it's the light. So anyway, some people think that we're in the middle of the sixth mass extinction. We probably aren't. We're just in like one of those times where like the earth is going to change and we're making it go faster because we're putting more CO2 into the air than ever before. What we're heading towards into is, you know, parts of the earth being too hot to live in.

And that has happened before, but it's going to happen faster than it would have naturally, probably. And now we're going to have to figure out what the fuck to do with everyone. Can I ask a poll of people? Am I the only one who feels worse for animals than I do humans? I can't be the only one. Like when I hear about like the last rhinoceros is like literally being guarded by men with AK-47 so they don't fucking kill it for its like horns. I'm like, we should literally kill every human that it lives. Like, that is horrific.

I feel like I feel bad about it, but I also feel like circle of life. I don't think we should do it, obviously, but also, like, I would feel worse for the last human. Yeah, I wouldn't. Again, please write in. Let us know who's right and wrong here. I always, my heart always bleeds billions times more for animals than it does for humans. Pharnastruses were so smart. Why didn't they make guns? Taylor. I really don't know what I'm fighting for in this episode, but there's just a lot going on.

You're like Elon. You're so, you're just like Elon Musk. I'm literally not. You're just like him because Elon Musk also calls himself a speciesist. He's like, I'm prejudiced towards a human species. I want humans to survive. I'm a species. Meanwhile, I'm sitting here like, dude, fuck it. Like, these are so much better than people. Like, why do we need, like, anyways, go ahead. Well, I mean, eventually the bees are going to have it back. I don't, you know, we're not, we're not going to live forever. Good, we're not great.

Well, it's also another thing that happens a bunch in these, in reading about these things they talk about, I'm sure you've heard about this, the AI thing where what if you tell AI to make paperclips? Do you have you heard of that? No, what is that? So it's like, like existential theory that if you tell an AI, your goal is to make as many paper clips as possible eventually it will destroy the world to make paper clips oh yeah yeah because it has no like bearing on like what like that's its goal so that's

what it's going to do as much as fucking possible the best one i heard was um talking like just being like hey i want to make uh i want you make dinner reservations for 7 p.m. of this restaurant for me and then it tries to make reservations reservations are full then it tries to figure out how many people it needs to kill or how it can kill, who can kill to get to the open reservation. Totally. It's like, great. Like who it is, like hacking into the system. So, okay, so the only reason we're talking about those mass extinctions and they could

probably talk about them individually is because we're talking about Yellowstone volcano. It would be potentially a mass extinction event and definitely we could like move towards a mass extinction event. But again, it wouldn't happen in like a weekend. It would happen in like 500 years at the least, you know, maybe like 10,000 years for all totally gone. So I didn't write down the order that we talked on them, talked about them, but we've learned a ton. We talked about Mount Toba that happened 74,000 years ago, and that one is the one where most humans died, and it only left a couple, you know,

a couple thousand breeding pairs of humans left, and that's who we're all descended from. That one was a VEI-8. That's the biggest we know possible, and that's what Yellowstone will be when it erupts. It'll be a VEI 8. That's a volcanic explosivity index. We also talked about Vesuvius, which was a, I should have highlighted these on my list, but I can't talk. I don't know, Vesuvius was a five, Mont Saint Helens was a five, Crackatoa was a six, Mount Pele was a four. I think those are the ones we've talked about. So they all have like different things happen. What? No, I said, yep. I remember this. Yeah. So we've all had different things happened. Some of them had Earth affecting things. Obviously, Toba killed tons of things on Earth, but it's still not a mass extinction. It's still just like killed a lot of things. And it happens because of changing weather patterns, you know, the ash in the sky, like the year without the summer. A lot of the ones, the people who died from volcanoes died of starvation later because we couldn't grow the way that we were used to growing to sustain the population. So those are the ones that we've talked about. But let's round it all out and talk about what would happen.

if Yellowstone, Super Volcano, corrupted. You ready? Yes. Yellowstone is in Yellowstone National Park. It's in Wyoming. It sits in the Yellowstone Caldera. Jump where to Caldera is. I'm sure I've said this.

It is the top of the cone. Yeah, it's like the hole that's left after it falls. Yep. So the Yellowstone Caldera is 43 by 28 miles long. So that's like the hole. It's huge. And that's what Yellowstone National Park is. it's in the caldera dude that's like that like basically means that like the entire united

states is fucking sitting on that like lava like well everyone is yes oh god that's even scarier we all are yeah we absolutely all are that's that's the thing um there were three super eruptions in the last 2.1 million years from the yellowstone volcano um it is actually the first national park in the world and it was made a national park by ulysses S grant on march 1st 1872 so it's cool it is probably not going to erupt in our lifetimes but stuff is happening and that's what you see in the news because in the news they'll be like oh it's like more this than it's ever been but like it's also just like the nature of nature things are going to change um but stuff that they do know is that and this is actually kind of scary so well the whole thing's scary but like you were saying that it makes

you feel like you're on top of just like lava with lidar which is like how they measure the ground and you know they use that to like find dead bodies do you know i'm talking about yeah they that's how um self-driving cars drive is they use lightar yeah so lightar can tell that the ground in yellow stone is moving about three inches a year and it's sort of like a giant breathing under the under the ground. And that's the bagel of rising. Oh, oh, oh, it's like pulsing. Yeah.

Taylor, there's this, there's this one picture of like the blast zone. Are you going to talk about this? No, no, I don't know. You tell me. Go ahead. Oh, what will happen at the end? Yeah. Okay, wait, no, we'll talk. Bring that up like that. Hold that thought for later. so obviously people like love to talk about it and have like and take that like three inch up and down like the ground is like breathing from all the magma moving around and make like you know this BBC documentary and write books about it and at one point in 2013 the Yellowstone National Park put a release that said quote although fascinating the new findings do not imply increased geologic hazards the Yellowstone and certainly do not increase the chances of a super

eruption in the near future they're fucking lying to us sorry go contrary to some media reports yellow stone is not quote overdue for a super eruption end quote so they're they're saying that we're not overdue but that's what they always say in the news they're like it's going to happen soon it's about time in this is a silly thing in 2017 NASA was had an idea to prevent the volcano from erupting by like cooling parts of the magma chamber and by like introducing water at high pressure at 10 kilometers underground, which would cost about $3.46 billion, which sounds low, which costs way more than that. And someone at JPL said, no, that's probably going to trigger an eruption

rather than prevent it. Yeah, leave it alone. Leave it alone. You know, like how like with like fracking, there's like earthquakes in Oklahoma. You're like, stop it. Yeah. That fucking thing with the earth underneath the plates that we live on. So Yellowstone is also obviously, famous for the geysers and the vents because it has like hot shit underneath yellowstone so there's like hot water that that you know goes up people see that um the water is the stress and is trying to be released so right now it's a beautiful place to visit you can see those things don't go anywhere near them um obviously like 20 something people have died in yellowstone by like falling into the vents during covid a woman went in park when it was closed and got severely burned because she fell which

He was taking pictures, like an idiot. A man in 2016 died falling into an acidic mud pond. So like a terrible way to go. And then in 2021, a lady got seven days in jail for walking where she shouldn't walk. Because it's very dangerous. So just like, be safe when you're there because there is like super hot water under the ground because there's all that magma under the ground because it's a volcano. One guy from, you remember La Cagnada in L.

Well, anyways, that part doesn't matter. There was these two friends visiting Yellowstone from La Cagnetta, and one of them had a dog named Moose, and Moose jumped into the water, and the guy jumped in after the dog. And I forgot what the temperature was, but it was like, it was bad. Like his skin came off and they took a shoe off. It was really bad. That happens at the beginning. Do you remember when, like, Dante's peak and the other one came? out at the same time and like volcano okay yeah yeah which one of them is the one where

i should have watched those what's wrong with me but which one is the one where the people in the beginning dive in the in like the hot spring because it gets it's hotter and hotter and they're like floating in it i feel like that was so right now so i remember the pierce brosden one i think that was dante yeah okay so then was probably that one i wonder why i didn't watch this so weird okay it's great there's one scene that's hilarious where like they get like a wooden canoe to go across this water that's like super heated with lava and it like slowly starts like falling lower lower in the water. It's like of course it would like burst in the flames the second you put it in that water.

Oh my god, that's funny. Yeah, those are fun. That would put a weird time in movie history. So if you go to Yellowstone, the point is it's beautiful, please be safe. But what would happen if it did erupt and when someday Yellowstone will erupt again, what will happen. FEMA has a thing called Hazis that can predict things. So it can predict like big floods, big disaster. So they use the data what they think might happen and put it into into Hazas. This is for the BBC documentary. So it was very sensational. But what will happen when Yellowstone does erupt? So remember, the Yellowstone is two and a half thousand times bigger than Mount St. Helens.

So it's huge. The whole Caldera has love underneath it. It's the mind-boggling. It's most of the country. Like, it's crazy how big the impact outside is. Yeah. So there will be some zones of deaths, like zones of shit happening. There's, obviously the first one is going to be the, you're drinking, the pyroclastic flow.

I'll just say it. The pyroclastic flow is going to kill, is going to go, according to its prediction, 100 kilometers from the middle. Anyone who's outside would die immediately. And it will probably kill about 87,000 people immediately. Yeah, again, because it's 43 by 28 miles. It's fucking huge. Huge, huge.

There will also be Lahars, which are fast flowing mud flows of debris that have volcanic ash and water. So that's what we saw, like, on Montpellay, when it, like, went down and, like, destroyed those, like, houses and just, like, cover them and will be in there forever. So there'll be that hot mud will also get pushed out after the pyroclastic flow. Then there'll be that ash cloud. That's probably also what you're seeing in that picture that you're seeing of the United States where it covers most of the U.S. and just grows and grows and goes to Europe while it goes around the world several times. Right.

Not good. It will, the first like a thousand miles in a circle around it will have the thickest. it will be like six inches of ash that will break people's roofs so people will half a million people will die because their houses will be crushed by ash and then we'll be able to breathe and that will happen next um the power will go out transportation will be gone water will be gone crops will be gone so like people after they survive that they'll die of starvation like right after there will also be obviously a very very high amount of carbon dioxide in the air it'll be in the stratosphere it will make everything worse there's a place in iceland where there

was so much fluorine which is like a gas that comes from volcanic eruptions that mixes with whatever is in the air right now causes acid rain and there's a place in iceland where there was a volcano that erupted and released a shit ton of fluorine and the people who live there since then are like deformed but because there's so much of that gas in the air so everybody who is left is fucked because that's going to be in the air it's going to be like really unhealthy to be anywhere

they'll also be a volcanic gas plume that'll go into the atmosphere that will that's the thing that will go around with the gas it will do it will stop all air travel obviously we'll be able to fly for years and years It will do terrible things to our climate, to our, you know, the food that we're growing. People will die of starvation all over the world.

Then I want to tell you something real quick. There is this unbelievably fun story that I found that was on the documentary, a British Airways Flight 9 that flew through a volcanic gas cloud. I know what this is. It's amazing. St. Elmo's Fire. Yeah. Mm-hmm. so the guy okay do you have you heard of this exact story of these guys yeah yeah the engines

shut down yeah they lost all four engines but no one died they survived but the pilot who was interviewed in this BBC documentary is delightful and he is like so yeah like the guy you know the engineer decided to ruin the day and be like hey one of the engines just died then he was like oh the second one died then he was like oh we lost the lot so they lost all four engines and captain goes over the speakers and says, ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped.

We are doing our damnedest to get them going again. I trust you are not in too much distress. I remember that part. That was literally the part I was thinking about when you started talking about this. Oh, my goodness. What a delightfully British thing to say. They only regain power within like a thousand feet of impact, right? I think so.

like it was like it's the they don't know they were I'm just reading this car was really fast but um it came back I don't know enough that they were able to land the oxygen masks dropped um but as soon as they were out of the cloud the engines restarted that's just like fucking look you know it also looks crazy so there's a um an episode of oh my god it's It's called seconds from disaster or something. I forgot, May Day, whatever. It's like some airplane crash show. I keep watching these things while I'm on a plane,

and I need to stop doing that. But like, it's called, say, Elmo's Fire. It's like this crazy looking, like it looks like a nuclear reactor, like turning on next year windows. So the whole thing just glows bright blue. It's kind of wild. Wild. And yeah, so it's very exciting that they,

the crew got a bunch of awards it was in the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest glide on a non-purpose-built aircraft and it's like since then it's been others have done more than that

which is also because of a bad thing but I don't know super fun the captain is like so chill it's pretty incredible but that will happen so when it happens we won't be here the way that we are right now. Somebody will be here, probably, some humans in some way.

And so they will have to figure out how to survive on a planet that is like hotter and or colder or more different air, you know, all the things that are going to, we have to adapt to it. So there's two things that are that I've like, my suggestions are. One, we leave. So we leave the earth. or we've already left the earth when it happens, you know, or we're just like, we're not here when, when this shit goes down. And the other thing that I hadn't thought of that was in the Massachusettsian book is we might have to go underground. And that would be how a percentage of humanity could survive is if we went underground where it's cooler, especially if the earth gets hotter or just like a place where we can control the temperature better than being above ground. And that would be, we'd have to be there for like thousands of years and then we'd be able to come back up once the earth.

has like figured itself out i'd rather just go just just i'll stand i'll be like woody harrelson in that movie and yeah yeah it's in 2012 he just stands there um yeah because if you look if you look up what will happen if yellow stone when yellowstone erupts you'll see a map that shows just like the middle of america exploding yeah yeah that's what i was looking at pushing out yeah it was it was i i forgot what it was i'm not looking at anymore but it was something like like 10 states were just covered in ash yeah and that ash is going to kill you and it's going to destroy all your food and it's going to destroy all your water and so you're like kind of you're almost you know if the pyroclastic flow gets you at least hopefully you know that last half a second

no what you want what you want to be is in the middle of it when it explodes you don't want to be a survivor yeah you don't want to be a survivor you want to be a survivor you want to be like right there when it happens no and even if you're on the other side of the world you're still fucked because it's going to fuck the whole thing not good and it's happened before it'll happen again and i feel like someday i just will i i i was remembering when i interviewed that author about the the friar diego who had burned up my own books and i asked him i was like you know do you think that the that our culture will ever be something that that is like a mystery, you know, that has to be excavated.

And I feel, he said no. He said he feels like, you know, there'll be some things that we do now that he doesn't think people will do in the future. Like his example was like eating meat. Like people will look at us and get me if you did that. Which I think is totally fair. But I also think that like what we have now will all be in ruin someday. And I don't know, will someone be able to come like try to figure out who we were or will

it be like in the 100,000 year history that I can't imagine that you think would get boring you know what would we know about us right now well okay here's here's here's my thought so yeah so imagine like all the ways that human life and experiences have been documented before in the past so you have like hieroglyphics you have extinct languages you have k paintings like all this different stuff right and then we now only consume knowledge in screens essentially the most part right like all knowledge that is now readily available and consumable is digital and on a screen. So in large part, I think we've gone backwards

and converted like books, for example, into the format that is readily digestible. But it's impossible to think that we've done that with everything that we've done before. So like, there's probably stuff that's been out there that is like no longer readily accessible to the mass populace. But what would happen if this format goes away? What if like neural link is a real thing and you start transmitting things like by osmosis through transistors in your brain or whatever?

Like, I don't know, it could all change. And then what happens with this entire body of shit after like six, seven, eight generations of those changes happening? Like yeah, someone might not even be able to find doom to fail in like a thousand years. Like in a thousand years, someone could probably go on Spotify and they won't even be able to see doom to fail. Can you imagine? No. I literally cannot imagine. Yeah, exactly. I feel like there's also, I mean, I feel like there's a chance that like it all goes away.

It's like, I remember reading something this is like a far-fetching, but something between like the difference between like Sparta and Athens where like a Spartan was like, people are going to remember Athens because they built buildings and we built strong people. And so there's like nothing left of Sparta, but we can see things in Athens because their stuff was like tangible and built out of stone. And what we're building now isn't, like, a tangible thing. It's like an internet, it's not a thing. Is this what I'm doing to feel again? I feel like I really, I think this is actually very, very on brand for what we're talking about, because I think community is fucked, no matter what you do. And it can happen faster because of this or slower because of that.

But, like, there's no world where it's exactly like this forever because it's barely been like this. I'm fine with it. I really am. I'm like, I fucking, like, leave it to animals. Like, I'm totally cool with that. I'm gonna have kids. So, like, I have nothing to live for past myself. I mean, it doesn't matter because we live and we live as people in such a short amount of that time anyway, you know? I know. Like, I'm, I'm about to turn the knob on 40, and I'm like, how the fuck did that happen? Now, Taylor, I'll look at myself in the mirror, and now this thing right here, I'm, I'm, I'm, I'm about to turn the knob on 40. I'm like, how the fuck did that happen? thing right here i'm pointing to the center of my forehead which is basically my head at this point

because i'm fucking bald as shit like it's a persistent wrinkle that is always there i was like a young little whippersnapper like three years ago what i was 36 i know so then it almost makes you feel like shit we'd be lucky to be here when you fucking yellowstone exposed because that'd be the the most exciting day again you'd be like witty harrison you know what taylor here's about i would i would i would come grab you and juan and we would we would we would hop at the car we'd go over to yellowstone would crest the caldera and then we'd take a bunch of edible gummies i'd bust out some bourbon we'll just sip on some bourbon we'll share old stories with each other and then right when the thing explodes we'll say

fuck yet and throw the hell satan sign i love it that's where you're going down if we get like a 12 hour thing i don't know uh one thing you didn't explain is most volcanoes form when the tectonic plates come together so how the fuck did this one form the same way there's a tectonic plate in the center of the country yeah the whole world is the titanic plate whole everything that's a good question let me fine. How did... Are you giggling? Yeah. Exploition eruptions. It's like flows, blah, blah, blah. How do Yellowstone get created?

Oh, no. That's about the National Park. Oh, 2.2 million years. The Yellowstone plateau has been shaped by explosive eruptions. Um, thick lava flows. Yeah, I think that the answer to that is, goes back to like the fact that continents are constantly changing and like the way they are now not be the way that they always are going to be and so maybe at some point they like smashed together to create it and then right because we see a lot of them on like the islands because it's the

ocean one is lighter and the land one is heavier so it's like or opposite ocean one's heavier and the land one's lighter so it's like causing that but then like I'm making a whoosh you know But that's what I think. Isn't everything a volcano? I have to stop. God, we got to, thank God we're ending this series on this. Like, we have to end this series, not that everything's volcano. I'm so excited for my book to come out.

Everything is the volcano by Killer Pernero. Everything is a volcano by Taylor Pernier. I love this. That was fun. heard it here first i am i took one class that like i it's funny because like the instructor was such a fucking hippie-dippy like just like he wore crocs everywhere like i just like i can't do this guy seriously but like he made us read this one book which i obviously didn't read it was called gaya and gaia is kind of this concept that earth is a living organism that does its own thing it acts in a living organism and you know i picked up the cliff notes not

be like oh that's a philosophy and get behind like you know like the earth is like it's like shedding it's like it's like us like really i mean we're constantly shedding skin cells like there's organisms that the earth doesn't want and they'll just find ways to shed them and like i don't know it was like yeah it makes sense makes sense that's a living organism i get that at least it acts like one i definitely can picture you literally buying the cliff notes book like the yellow one yeah yeah the guy the guy would like call on me and i would literally like just like talk and be like i'm just going to say enough stuff to sound so confused that he's going to have pity on me he just didn't understand the material it's not that he didn't read it i would just like start

talking and be like okay like can i stop now well okay i like this like i'm reading about guy i don't know i'm like is it bad i'm looking up i'm like how does get crazy but i do like the I do agree with like this carbon cycle and the CO2 because that's what happens with these volcanoes and big things. Like if there's like less, it's colder, if there's more, it's hotter, like all those things that, you know, happen and they happen because humans are putting into the air because we're burning all these fossil fuels or it's happening because of volcanoes or happens because of an asteroid impact, like all those things. Yeah. I mean, it's a it's a I mean, there's, I don't know how it could ever be controversial this theory, but it means. But I'm just making sure it's not. But you know if you ever get into that like space where you're like thinking about, the earth and then you think about the university about everything and that you just like feel like yourself pulling back and you just like are going to have artisack and then you say on a podcast

then you say on a podcast that everything is volcanoes I think it's we're getting oh my face is hot um that was fun that was so fun I'm so glad that we know all this stuff about them uh the world it's pretty fun Taylor our first series just wrapped which is fun. Way to go. Very fun. Thank you. Very excited.

Do we have any listener email that is real or fake that has to do with me or my gas situation? No. Oh, but I did actually, in the middle of this episode, you, like, holds your headphone off and, like, rubbed it. And that kind of sounded like that could have been a fart. Like, I don't, I know it wasn't, but, like, maybe that was the song people heard in the beginning. or maybe if they heard during this episode maybe that was it guys again i know that i'm recording and it's like why would i ever record myself audibly farting like there's got to be another

explanation i get right now we're talking about it we should do that yeah but i'm saying that might have been the culprit yeah fair enough so um i also like that we like talk about it is like everybody's listening to our podcast in sequential order as though like it's like i'm I'm going to listen to one episode and that's it. So nobody has any idea. It was just re-released. So, you know, no, I was, thank you everybody who's listening. Agnes, my friend Agnes, said the Tulip Mania one that we just be released.

What's our favorite episode? So thank you for listening to that. And we are on social at Doom to FillPod. And then please send us an email, doomed tofillpod at gmail.com. What question did I ask today for someone to email us about volcanoes? Just if you know anything about volcanoes, email us. And I know we asked another question in the middle of this episode. What was that?

We did. We did. What was the question? Any scientists and PhDs that listened to our show to write in? If you put this in your bibliography for your PhD in Vulcanism, let us know. We will also serve as proofreaders if you want us to read your dissertation. The doctor's things is the dissertation. Yeah.

I'll read your dissertation. I can barely fucking read. I literally just told you I read a cliff notes and just gas my way through something, but still, send it over to us. But you'll copy paste and chat, GPT, and say, you write this from me as if it was a kindergartner. There you go. Sweet. Well, Taylor, thank you very much. We can go ahead and cut things off if there's nothing else to report. Thank you. All good. Sweet.