Front Burner - Front Burner Introduces: The Outlaw Ocean

Episode Date: October 10, 2022

The high seas are beyond the reach of international law – and beyond the beat of most reporters. But Pulitzer-Prize-winner and former New York Times journalist, Ian Urbina, has sailed into uncharted territories. Urbina sets out on a years-long quest to investigate murder at sea, modern slave labour, environmental crimes and quixotic adventurers. Part travelog, part true-crime thriller, this 7-part series takes listeners to places where the laws of the land no longer exist. The Outlaw Ocean is brought to you by CBC Podcasts and the LA Times and produced by The Outlaw Ocean Project. More episodes are available at http://hyperurl.co/theoutlawocean

In the Dragon's Den, a simple pitch can lead to a life-changing connection. Watch new episodes of Dragon's Den free on CBC Gem. Brought to you in part by National Angel Capital Organization, empowering Canada's entrepreneurs through angel investment and industry connections. This is a CBC Podcast. Hey everybody, we have a special bonus for FrontBurner's podcast subscribers. It's the first episode from the brand new series, The Outlaw Ocean, created and produced by The Outlaw Ocean Project from CBC Podcasts and the LA Times Podcasts. There are few remaining frontiers on our planet, but perhaps the wildest

and least understood are the world's oceans. Too big to police and under no clear international authority. These immense regions of treacherous water play host to rampant criminality and exploitation. The Outlaw Ocean podcast is a seven-part series that explores a gritty and lawless realm rarely seen. Relying on more than eight years of reporting at sea on all seven oceans and more than three dozen countries, the podcast brings all of it together into this immersive audio documentary series. We have the first episode of The Outlaw Ocean for you now. It's called The Murder Video.

Have a listen. The episode you're about to hear contains descriptions of violence. Please take care. The video came to me from a source at Interpol, and all it had was the subject line, Brace Yourself. I opened it and you know it was hard to make out what was going on at first it was obviously shot on someone's phone the camera is super wobbly it's's at sea in the water. It's very blue, and you see several large tuna longliners. These are big steel ships.

And very early on into the video, you start hearing gunshots, and that's when I immediately stopped everything else I was doing and focused. The guys in the water are clinging to this wooden wreckage of some sort. It looks like a small boat that's been destroyed. The gunfire is coming at them and missing them. You see it sort of slice into the water. How are you? How are you? And the guy on the wreckage is now holding up...

Jesus Christ. He holds up his hands, palms up, and then he's hit. And there's blood all over the water. The shouting you hear more predominantly is coming from the ship itself where the shots are being fired and you can hear the captain of the ship over a loudspeaker yelling in Chinese, which once translated, you know, I found out was shoot, shoot, shoot, and over here and over there. But you also hear all this yelling among those standing on the deck, and those folks seem like they're just having a great time.

You know, you hear them say, I got one, I got one. They're just taking target practice. It's just, and that's the end of him. That last shot hit him, and now he's a pool of blood. The whole thing ends with the sort of capstone moment where three of the guys on board, now, whether these guys are merely witnesses to the crime or culprits, who knows?

All you know is that they're smiling, they're giving a thumbs up. One guy is still smoking a cigarette while he's filming the others, and the other guys are sort of hugging each other and posing. That's the end of that. The whole scene is just, I don't know, it's one I've never been able to get out of my head. It's just so slow and methodical. And then the laughing behind, it's just, yeah, it's just really dark. This is The Outlaw Ocean.

Episode 1, The Murder Video. My name is Ian Urbina. I'm an investigative journalist, and I've been working at the New York Times for 17 years. And I've been reporting on lawlessness at sea for about a decade. You know, the oceans make up two-thirds of the planet's surface, and they're extremely vital to the survival of the globe. Fifty percent of the oxygen we breathe comes from the oceans and 90% of the products we consume cross the oceans. And yet we know very, very little about the oceans. The goal of my reporting is to shed light on this space,

to sort of help the public reimagine it not as some liquid desert, but a realm where more than 50 million people work and a bustling zone where a lot of activity happens, much of it bad, about which the public knows very little. The ocean through history has always been a place that people go to get away from landed life and to get away from other things, laws, governments. It's been this metaphor for freedom. It's also this dark,stopian place home to pretty shocking inhumanities and because of the lack of governance of laws of law enforcement that dark set of inhumanities generally occurs with impunity.

When you're out in that space, what you realize is the oceans are ungoverned and perhaps ungovernable. I do really think the Outlaw Ocean is the last frontier on the planet. . We have you rescued and in the water. Over. Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait.

You have sea slavery, gun running, murder, rape. Overfishing and illegal fishing, intentional dumping of oil and other waste, not just spills. The marine scientists say they have identified more than 25,000 barrels of BDT. You see it's coming all the way there? There, there's the switch. Any variety of piracy, from stealing of fuel by siphoning it off to boarding ships and taking hostages. They're shooting back. and taking hostages. It's sort of a wild west, a watery wild west.

Through my career, much of my reporting has focused on people, and quite especially the darker side of people, specifically labor abuses, how workers of various sorts are typically taken advantage of and abused. Most of these workforces have pretty brutal conditions, but nothing compared to what I found in the fishing industry. These workers are so far from land and so invisible to the people that benefit from their labor, they're moving from one place to the next, so it's not a stationary factory. And the workers themselves typically are undocumented and usually from developing countries. So for all these reasons, they're distinctly vulnerable. You find yourself thinking of what Upton Sinclair might have thought, felt, seen as he looked into the meatpacking industry. The working conditions and the wages and the level of violence were so extreme that it really did feel like something out of the 19th century. When this video came to my source at Interpol, he immediately knew it was perfect to send to me

because this is exactly the sort of brutality that I wanted to report on. I called my source who had sent it to me and asked him to tell me what that was about, what he knew about that. And what I found out then was this footage had been found on a cell phone that had been left in the back of a taxi in Fiji. My suspicion was that one of the deckhands at the scene of the crime, when the captain collected the cell phones from everyone else, he held on to his and then when he got back to shore, went out for a night drinking and forgot his phone, you know, in the back of a taxi. And so my suspicion was that the culprits of this crime probably were in Fiji at some point and the ship might've even docked there. So I went to the

Fijians and talked with the police inspector. And what the Fijians told me was that they determined that the guys in the water were not Fijian, the ships were not Fijian, and from what they could tell, none of the deckhands or crew were Fijian. So their interest in the case was over. There was this strange disparity. On the one hand, you had this trove of evidence. You had actual video footage, which is rare at sea because cameras are often confiscated. You have definitive proof of murder, you know, in that footage.

You had, at the end of the footage, the faces of witnesses or culprits. So on the one hand, you've got really strong evidence. On the other hand, you have no clue who the guys in the water are, no clue who the guys firing the gun are, no clue where this happened, when it happened. You have no physical evidence from the scene, like the bullets or the weapons. You don't even know what ship registries, ship owners, fishing companies to begin honing

in on. In the video, you're also hearing at least three, maybe four different languages. And so you can hone in on the language of the captain, and that might give you a sense of where to look, but not necessarily because the transnational, international nature of the industry means that captains from all nationalities are working on ships that belong in countries, not their own. So that was the very first priority,

is to try to figure out where the incident happened and also whose ships those are, where their ships were flagged. I figured if I just watched the video enough times I could start finding clues. And eventually I noticed that there was a ship in the background and you can make out some of its identifying numbers. And so with help from sources, I was able to identify that one vessel. And that was probably the biggest initial break in starting to hone in what country they were from and what fleet they were a part of. initial break in starting to hone in what country they were from and what fleet they were a part of. The vessel that emerged was the Choon E-217, and this was a Taiwanese-owned Choon longline vessel.

What that enabled me to do was immediately go for the corporate records of that ship and ideally figure out whether it was part of a fleet. I was able to hone in on the company that owned the 217, figure out who ran that company, the CEO. Lo and behold, the CEO of that company was a pretty big player within Taiwan, harassed him a bit, took a while of calling, and finally was able to get on the phone with him and through a translator asked him about this incident. And what I learned was he was aware of the incident. The captain from that vessel had reported the incident to him, and the CEO had

asked the captain to write up a report about it so that he could alert law enforcement. But the CEO wouldn't give me the name of the captain, wouldn't hand over the report he'd given. He also said that the 217 was just a witness to the crime and that the captain was still out at sea and therefore he couldn't be interviewed. And that's as much as I got. So I turned next to the prosecutor's office in Taiwan and the fisheries agency that oversees fishing. And I was stonewalled far more. The fisheries agency said that they couldn't say anything about the case except that they didn't even know whether this was murder. This may have been self-defense. It's too hard and early to tell. And that struck me as strange, you know, for anyone who had watched the video.

The CEO had said that these were pirates in the water from what his captain had told him. But that just struck me as a little bit dubious, and the more I talked with experts about whether the men being shot in the water look and seem like Somali pirates, I became more skeptical. Number one, you can make out a flag on the wooden wrecked ship, and pirates don't fly flags. There's no reason for them to have identifying marks on their ships. So that made no sense whatsoever.

You see no weapons anywhere in the water or in the boat itself. And then just the nature of the kind of boat that had been wrecked, which is most likely a wooden dow. These are kind of traditional Pakistani, Somali, Indian fishing boats, and they're really solid. They don't flip easy, but they're slow. They're really slow. And hijacking a big Taiwanese steel-sided tuna longliner from a dow didn't make any sense either.

or from a dao didn't make any sense either. There's such a clear disparity between the people firing the guns and people being hit by them. The guys in the water are 10 to 20 feet below the deck of the ship, flailing about, open-handed, unarmed. There are fishing nets in their boat, no weapons to be seen in the boat,

the boat sinking anyway. This is pure murder. There's no scenario in which that would be justifiable for those. AJ Pelosi has asked Interpol to help them unravel the mystery We run the article. know about the lawless seas. Ian Urbina reported this series and he joins me now. Ian, welcome. Thanks. In the first part of your series... We run the article. It runs on the front page of the New York Times and gets a lot of attention, a lot of traffic. Immediately my phone and email are lighting up with all sorts of interesting tips from various sources about the case, which is in some ways wonderful and terrible at once

because you're supposed to move on to the next story. You've done that, now move on. And some of the best information was starting to come in and sources I didn't know to exist. And furthermore, I just felt haunted by the fact that I didn't really move the ball downfield as much as I wanted to in solving the crime. So I couldn't put it down. That law enforcement agencies or governments in general would want to back away from a gruesome murder and not burden themselves with any more responsibilities makes total sense to me.

I mean, it's not good, but it's not shocking. But I think what's distinct here is that normally when crimes like this happen on land, it would be much harder for the story to go away. You know, there'd be reporters and advocates and lawyers and families that would be all over it. But at sea, because, you know, the evidence disappears, there are no skid marks on the sea, is what one cop mentioned to me. You know, like bodies stay disappeared. They don't get unearthed and autopsies conducted on them. They get eaten by what's below.

You know, the reality of what happens out there makes it much easier for countries and law enforcement governments to simply turn the other way. I've worked on coal mining and oil and gas industry and industries that don't particularly love investigative reporters. And even in those realms, you can always find people who will engage in some level. And what was so striking in this realm was every person who even answered their phone at the fisheries agency or the flag registry or the law enforcement, the Navy, would point me to someone else and just sort of give me this constant runaround. you know getting the runaround is an occupational hazard of being a journalist but i'd never experienced this to this degree and at one point i was kvetching about it to a maritime lawyer and he said oh you're getting the maritime merry-go-round there's a term for it and you know if you try to ask hard questions in our industry they just point you to someone else and so on and so on. We reject groundless or unwarranted accusations.

Categorically deny all the information contained in the two reports that I had mentioned. Statistics are rejected by industry officials here who question the sources and reliability of the Google. There is this truly netherworld sense about international waters. You cross the line at 12 miles from shore and suddenly you're in this outer space of international waters or high seas and what laws apply there shift. The overall outlook by governments of that space is that because it belongs to all of us, no one takes responsibility for it, no one feels ownership of it and therefore it's in some ways the most neglected, least policed realm on the planet. Laws are tough to enforce out there because no one's patrolling the seas. Even in national waters, when you look around the globe, most countries don't

have the resources to have navies or coast guards. So they have no vessels they can actually put on the water to do police work. And then if you move out to the high seas, forget about it. You know, that realm is utterly unpatrolled. The old saying is crime is only countered as much as it is counted, and at sea, that's not much. Not only is there no central database for this kind of information,

most flag registers actually don't even want it because if they knew it, they might be required to do something about it. So there's just this general structural discouragement for the collection centralization making public of this kind of data. Putting a number to a lack is always tough, especially when you're talking about black market activity.

But the estimate I get from Navy folks who do these investigations is less than 1% of all crimes at sea are ever investigated, much less prosecuted. I love you. entrepreneurs through angel investment and industry connections. Hi, it's Ramit Sethi here. You may have seen my money show on Netflix. I've been talking about money for 20 years. I've talked to millions of people and I have some startling numbers to share with you. Did you know that of the people I speak to, 50% of them do not know their own household income? That's not a typo, 50%. That's because money is confusing. In my new book and podcast, Money for Couples, I help you and your partner create a financial vision together. To listen to this podcast, just search for Money for Couples. After the story ran, I went and watched the video again and just found myself no less disturbed by it.

And I just couldn't put it away, even though I was supposed to move on and my editor had told me in no uncertain terms to stop investigating it because I just didn't see what I hoped would happen, which is law enforcement would spring into action and feel embarrassed that this was put on the front page and suddenly they'd be holding a press conference and saying they're going to do something about it and I'd feel like my job here was done. They're going to take it from here and that wasn't happening at all. So I just found myself haunted by it. And then came the major break.

My name is Duncan Copeland. I'm the executive director of Trigmat Tracking, commonly known as TMT. Duncan got in touch with me after he published the murder story and said that he too had been working on that case on behalf of a client. Canadian guy, ex-militarian, he runs a firm called Trigmac

Tracking, which is this Norwegian based firm that specializes in maritime crime. TMT is an organization that essentially works as an intelligence support unit to coastal states, to intergovernmental organizations, and other partners. This video was sent to us by one of our partner countries with a request to investigate a little bit more on a few key questions about it. He had a huge database of photographs and videos of ships from

around the world that were high-risk vessels. And his team had, through some algorithmic help, narrowed down vessels that were in the database with vessels that were in my murder video. What we did was we pieced together from the very grainy and very shaky footage, different areas of the vessel. And while many fishing vessels that are targeting the same kind of species and using the same type of gear are broadly similar, most vessels do have small, unique features. And this boat that was in the video had a couple of interesting features that were not that common.

So there's something called a chalk. This is where they run the lines through when they're tying up to a dock or to another ship. And the configuration of that was a little bit different. We were able to count the number of ports and part of the boat and so on. We then ran a comparison through our systems. And in the end, we looked at over 3000,000 photos of around 300 vessels and luckily we were able to hit on two vessels that matched enough of the features and one in particular that had a fairly high confidence level and that boat was a vessel called the Pingxin number 101. The Pingxin 101 was completely new to me. I did not know that vessel. And furthermore, that same ship had been in an equally violent,

potentially deadly film clash a couple months earlier that TMT had the video for. We were scouring YouTube for other examples, either involving this vessel or related incidences, and we came across a video involving the same vessel. In this one, it didn't involve a shooting, but what it did show was essentially the vessel very aggressively trying to run down a smaller wooden boat. Yeah. Oh!

Oh yeah. Don't worry. Whoa. Say go. Say go. Ha ha. Okay. Yeah.

In the background, you can hear a lot of noise. And that noise is very much one of the excitement of the chase. You know, they're documenting it not because they're documenting a crime. They're documenting it because they're having an exciting time. Whoa. documenting it not because they're documenting a crime they're documenting it because they're having an exciting time Over the past ten years more and more videos have been surfacing that have been taken by crew on board fishing vessels. Everybody's got a camera phone now. And more and more they love mediums like YouTube and Facebook and so on. So it's become a really interesting intelligence source.

So we've had a lot come across our desk. But this one was different. It's very, very graphic in what it shows. It's as cold-blooded as any crime that I've ever come across in the course of our work. And it's hard because for us to be able to make an analysis like we were doing, like who is this boat? You're not watching it once. You're watching it 25 times, 50 times, 100 times. I don't feel like I'm in a position to judge all the time. I've never been a crew on board a longliner stuck out at sea for a year plus in the most difficult and the most dangerous profession in the world particularly one who might have been under indentured labor with a brutal captain who knows emotionally where you go in that kind of place but there's a cold bloodedness that sort

of comes through this video that's um it starts to haunt you a little bit Cut! which we did that through other maritime documents. And it was a guy who was a young Chinese national who had for a while been working on Taiwanese vessels. And he was the captain at the time of the Pingsheng 101. And we also knew that the Pingsheng 101 seemed to have been involved in other clashes. So Taiwan was the flag state, but it had also been licensed by Seychelles for some time to operate in their waters.

So we had a number of different avenues now of authorities who were related to this vessel. In the end, we put out three reports to the countries that we worked with, so not just Norway, but also the Indian Ocean states and two states like Taiwan. But it ran up against a roadblock in the sense that there was no one country that was willing to step forward and identify itself as taking a lead role in this. We can't do enforcement. We're a non-governmental organization. It's our role to help those processes, but a country has to do them. And so the inaction on this one was particularly frustrating.

So the inaction on this one was particularly frustrating. A really important point of context for understanding the murder video is to realize how the seas have been weaponized over the last 20 years. Previously, the presence of semi-automatic weapons on a fishing vessel would have been a telltale sign of criminality. The only entities that were allowed to have arms were states, in other words, navies. Ships other than that were not really supposed to have arms on board, and that was sort of an agreed upon cultural norm. Then Somali piracy happened. Breaking news this morning. Pirates off the coast of Somalia piracy happened. Breaking news this morning.

Pirates off the coast of Somalia have struck again. Of nearly 300 attacks reported last year, more than a third have taken place near the coast of Somalia. Four more ships, including the Greek-managed Irene, have been hijacked by Somali pirates in the last two days. It's a U.S.-flagged cargo ship called the Maersk Alabama. It was taken over, apparently, by Somali hijackers in the Indian Ocean about 300 miles off the Somali coast. You look at the story of the Maersk Alabama, which is the ship upon which the movie Captain Phillips was based. And just bear in mind,

this is the first time in the 20th century that an American flagship had been boarded by a foreign hostile party by pirates. The pirates hijacked the container ship Maersk, Alabama on Wednesday. They seized Captain Phillips and escaped to a lifeboat after the ship's crew regained control of the vessel. The Maersk, Alabama was an American flag ship, and that's one of the reasons it got such a heavy response. But the month when that happened in 2009, there had been 150 other vessels that had been attacked by pirates.

So this was a booming industry by 2009, 2010. And we're talking hundreds of millions of dollars being made on the ransom and theft of cargo and the ransom of crew. This is our 27th day in captivity. Our kidnappers are losing patients. Please help us. Please help us before we die. Please. Tell the government, you tell the company to pay so we can get home. Please. Companies and insurers then began requiring that any vessel that go through high-risk areas that were mapped on the globe had to have private maritime security on board. And overnight, you had the emergence of

private maritime security industry that grew to, you know, $20 billion industry. My first job on a ship, I flew out to Djibouti, which is a small country next to Somalia. And then within six hours, I was getting taken out into the sea on a speedboat, not really knowing anything apart from, yeah, if pirates come, you've got to stop them. I was in the Middle East and hitched a ride with a transport vessel that was picking up private maritime security guards. And there was this one guy, Kev Thompson. I'm Kevin Thompson. I've been in maritime security since 2008.

Jovial, pretty weather-worn, with a kind of glint in his eye. And we got to talking and immediately hit it off. And this is a guy who had seen a lot of things. He was a paratrooper. He had done tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. Then he'd done private protection services. And now he was doing maritime security. It was pretty a rock star lifestyle at first. We was getting paid mega big bucks for it.

We used to call it footballers' wages. All we were doing basically is either drinking beer in Djibouti and beating up legionnaires or going on ships waiting to get attacked by pirates. If they got within 800 meters of you that is when we would fire warning shots. Most of the time that's when the pirates do leave because they realize that there's an armed security team on board the ship but some of the pirates you know they want to have a fight and they'll come closer and then

they'll start shooting at us. One of the ones that sticks in my mind, I had a guy with a Manchester United football shirt on. He had a hat on that looked like it had ears on it as well, like a leopard print ear and a pair of shorts and flip-flops. But then he's got an AK-47 and he's decided, right, we're going to attack this vessel now every single time i've had a firefight with pirates i've always obviously been the winner that's why i'm still here and we just leave them in the water and we continue on our way they hit it You have this really intense pressure cooker situation emerging.

On the one hand, you have decades of overfishing causing near shore stocks to disappear, right? So you've got local artisanal fishermen who are doing subsistence fishing for local communities in five-man boats that are having to go much further out from shore. And then you have a growth of the industrial, commercial, often foreign vessels also coming near shore in the same general areas. And so that creates a very intense situation in which the big industrial boats are often running over not just the nets and the gear of the small boats, but the boats themselves, you know, and stranding and killing guys without even knowing it.

In the opposite direction, you have these smaller boats seemingly posing a threat to the bigger boats because they're armed and they're hard to discern as to whether they're pirates or competitors or whatnot. And so you have more of a clash between these two players occurring as the marine resources get more strained and and now everyone's armed. Okay, say go.

Say go. So on the one hand, after 2008, you had the governments of the world realizing they couldn't do anything about this, so the private sector had to deal with it. And so everyone arms up. On the other hand, you have in the post-9-11 moment, the opposite trend where countries are becoming even more nervous about attack, you know, and so they are passing, often with US prodding, a lot stricter rules about port security. And what that means is a bind. Everyone's got guys with guns, so as to get through the dangerous neighborhoods,

but no one's allowed to have the guys with guns on board when they need to drop off their cargo. So what do you do? Can can't just throw them overboard. So thus emerges the clever solution, which is these floating armories. Shipping companies looking for protection bought excess patrol boats, converted those to act as private escorts, and started hiring them out to provide anti-piracy security. hiring them out to provide anti-piracy security. They tend to be these converted ships that have storage lockers, huge storage facilities where all the guys keep their weapons and check them upon arrival, and then bunking quarters, and they might have 20, 30, 40 guys who are dropped off there.

They're floating literally just a mile or two across the line from national and international waters. We are just leaving Resolution No. Request permission to come along Starboard side to conduct a transfer. Ship unloads its cargo, comes back out, and heads to a new neighborhood. Maybe it's a new dangerous neighborhood, so they pick more guys up. Or maybe it's not, so they don't pick guys up. So these security guards stay on these armories and wait for their next mission. So it's this weird, weird realm.

The minute I heard about it, I thought, I have to get there. It's like, to me, I envision the bar scene in Star Wars. You know, like, it's just this border town where you would get to encounter all these seedy characters, and indeed it was. On this ship, there was an open-air area with boxing bag and weights and jump ropes and pull-up bars. You know, the guys are shirtless and humming weights and boxing. You know, you've got the macho testosterone concentration coupled with intense boredom, coupled with an industry that employs these guys

that often treats them like shit. The longest I've ever spent on an armory is 10 days, and that was definitely enough. All men and all ex-military, I mean, all it is is testosterone everywhere. There's a multitude of personnel on these ships you know you've got indians you've got nepalese you've got bulgarians you've got americans you've got english south africans the overcrowding is absolutely ridiculous you know it's it's it's just just imagine going to the hottest dirtiest pub that you've never been to and you never want to go in but you've got to stay in that pub for the next two or three weeks basically.

You know, that's the kind of environment that you're stuck in. Your weapons are obviously, they'll be brought into the armoury, they all get barcoded, scanned and brought into the system. Can you hear me? Yeah, we'll give you a scanned document of course. It probably would be a conservative estimate to say each armoury has got maybe between 500 and a thousand rifles on and that could be different types of rifles from ak-47s FN Fowls G3s Browning BARs obviously then got all the ammunition for them weapons you know so that would be 10,000 rounds of ammunition if one of these armories was to get hijacked themselves,

then thank you very much, you've just armed the whole of Yemen or Somalia, basically. I'm actually quite surprised that it hasn't happened already, that one of these armories hasn't been hijacked. My visit to the armory was part of the period when I was investigating violence in general and the murder video in particular. So I wanted to talk with them about that murder video and just see, did anyone know anything about it and what their take on that in general was. And it was really on my last day that I had a rapport with a bunch of them and said, hey, I want to show you something.

And so they crowded around. I showed them it. They watched it all in silence and no one said anything. It was kind of awkward, quiet, filled the space. And after it was all over, one finally one finally said you know not how I would have handled it but sometimes that's how things get handled that's all he would say I decided at that point to do something that I might have gotten in trouble for which was publish my own stuff on my own channels.

Even though I was on staff at the New York Times, I knew that I couldn't get more of this reporting into the paper, but I felt like I needed to put it out there. And so I just began compiling these intelligence reports and then putting them up on Facebook and pushing them out on Twitter and hoping that someone would take note. We identified the Pyningshin No. 101. We still didn't know at this time whether the incident might have taken place,

say, in the Seychelles waters or Somali waters or it was on the high seas. But we certainly had countries who had relations to this vessel. But in terms of investigating the crime itself, nobody really was willing to pick up and run with the ball. And we sort of sat at a bit of a stalemate in terms of what happens next. A year later, I heard that Nat Geo and this investigator, Carson Von Hostland,

were intensely looking into the story and picking up where I'd left off and trying to solve who the culprits and victims were. Clearly the boat level investigation was going nowhere so Carson went after people who were on board the vessel. There are avenues that you can take because there are for example crew, there are certain ports and certain countries, such as Indonesia, where the majority of crew may originate from. But nonetheless, to track down the crew who were on board a particular vessel during a particular period is an extraordinary bit of detective work. He tracked the captain of the Ping-Chin 101, i.e. the person who ordered the killings, and with real scrappiness was able to locate four witnesses who were on the vessels at the time of the shooting

and interview those guys in the Philippines and elsewhere. And he put names to the various players to an extent that I was not able to do. players to an extent that I was not able to do. There's one main guy in the video, in the selfies at the end, who's wearing a shirt that says Hang Ten on it. And Carson was able to find that guy and his name is Maximo and he sat down and interviewed him extensively. What Maximo said was that he did not believe these guys in the water were pirates. They had fishing nets. They were not armed. They were yelling for help. Another big revelation from Maximo was that the captain not only ordered the security guards to fire, but at one point actually took the weapon and fired himself. The security guard had hesitated and said,

I can't shoot these guys, they're Muslim, and the captain grabbed the gun from him and opened fire. Maximo said that it was certainly more than the four people killed that you see on camera that died that day, and more likely the number of men killed in the water was closer to 10 or 15. The captain, before everyone went back to work, told them to hand over their cell phones.

He wanted to wipe any footage off, but clearly not everyone followed that order, since one cell phone still with the footage on it ended up in the back of a taxi in Fiji. Karsten compiled his evidence. I compiled my subsequent reports and the original reporting. We both separately called meetings with the Taiwanese government, submitted to the prosecutor's office and were met with just dead silence. And then yet another wrinkle emerged,

and that was that the Pingxin 101, which again is the ship that we now know the shooters were shooting from, mysteriously disappeared. And it disappeared to the bottom of the ocean. What this seems to point to is that some player tied to the Pingxing 101 wanted that ship gone. And maybe that's because it was a crime scene or a multiple crime scene. Or maybe it's also because sometimes ship operators attempt to file insurance claims to get rid of ships and get paid for it. But for whatever reason, this sinking was not accidental, according to the crew.

And what little evidence might have existed on that ship is now at the bottom of the ocean. What makes the lack of investigation and prosecution even more egregious is that this murder was not an isolated case. We have not only the emergence of a different video of a similar violent clash with this vessel, but then in interviews with crew from the vessel, they recount a third incident that did result in murder of other fishermen. they recount a third incident that did result in murder of other fishermen. And so there's reasonable suspicion that that captain is engaging in a pattern of extreme violence.

We have to assume that for every camera phone video that makes it onto a social media platform like YouTube, there must be many cases that were never documented at all or were and the phone was thrown overboard or just sitting on someone's camera phone somewhere. And this again goes to the narrative that there is a lot happening at sea that we never ever hear about, particularly on the high seas. so very much out of sight, out of mind of any country. I think one huge factor in understanding why impunity is so prevalent is the nature of the victims. Typically, the victims of these crimes are migrant, undocumented, and often from developing nations.

And as such, their lives are valued less. And that means that when things go wrong, you're less likely to hear about them. And even if you do, there's less leverage, money, political import for anyone to do anything about it. If the victims had been Americans or Germans or Norwegians, I think there wouldn't have been a story for me to tell. It would have already been known.

The footage would have already bubbled up immediately to law enforcement. And then certainly what would have happened after I put it on the front page, my phone would have been ringing off the hook. And I feel pretty confident in saying that captain, once he was named, would have been pulled off the seas within days.

You know, the story has been put on the front page of the New York Times, and there's been a documentary series about it, and huge global attention, and yet seven years later, this captain had not been arrested, even though they know where he is, and he's not been prosecuted for a crime for which the evidence is overwhelming. This is Papa Nicole, 6 Romeo, Miss P, Papa Queen, B6, Rainbow, 4, Rainbow, 4, you're over.

Papa Queen, B6, Rainbow, 4, you're over. I don't know what you're going to do. Are you going to go right now? I don't know. Are you going to go right now? There was a real reckoning that occurred with the murder video investigation. Number one, it confronted me with just how impenetrable the Maritime Marigold Round was. And the other realization was that on the other side of that bureaucratic wall

were the victims, the culprits, the witnesses, the actual players themselves who are on the vessels. And if you could get to them, you could unpack this world. When you're in front of someone, there's all sorts of language that gets conveyed, right? You know, there's how fast they say things, where their eyes go. Are they willing to stop working as they're answering that question, are they making eye contact. You have to witness the way that a room falls silent when certain officers walk in, the way that you never sit at certain tables or you never look at certain officers when they're speaking.

Understanding what a boiling pot a vessel can become because of the cramped quarters and the smell and the boredom and the crappy food and the rats and roaches and you know unless you've been in the space you can't put your finger on the depravity and the intensity but also the humanity and camaraderie and the beauty and the allure of that open realm, you really have to get out there and see it to understand some of these emotional and ambient intangibles. The fishing industry and the ocean realm in general is a very insular, closed culture, and so more impenetrable than other industries I'd covered before.

The topic was getting under my skin. I was developing a certain fluency and expertise, and I realized more than ever that I should stick with it. You know, I should use the momentum I had acquired to go after all these other stories I was now able to see that no one was covering. It's important to remember that we only knew about the murder video by pure happenstance. I mean, it ended up in a taxi in Fiji and someone happened to hand it over

to someone that knew to get it to me. So if that's the case for something as egregious as this, what other incredible stories, egregious stories, were out there still to be discovered? On the next episode of The Outlaw Ocean... Tell him Shirley understands. I've got to take into account his crew and my crew. He's attacked me. His crew have gone out with ski masks and thrown things at me.

I suspect that the Thunder Captain refuses to leave the boat because he's probably sinking his own ship, for all I know. I saw some of the boats myself, and they're very bare, they're very Spartan. Some of them also wash ashore with bodies on board. And some of them are so badly decomposed that one Coast Guard investigator told me he couldn't even identify their genders. he couldn't even identify their genders. From CBC Podcasts and the LA Times, this series is created and produced by the Outlaw Ocean Project.

It's reported and hosted by me, Ian Urbina. Written and produced by Ryan French. Editing and sound design by Michael Ward. Sound recording by Tony Fowler. Our associate producer is Margaret Parsons. Additional production by Joe Galvin and Marcela Bele. This episode features music by Antarctic Wastelands, Earth and Sea,

Kodomo, Machine Fabric, Appleblim, Sears Man, Darwin, Louis Futon, Stone Face and Terminal, Alessandra Cialetti, Mellorman, Their music is available online at the Outlaw Ocean Music Project website and wherever you stream music. Please check out their work.

Additional music by Scott Coatsworth, Brit Brady, Matthew Stevens, Gamma Tone, and Fabio Nascimento. That was the first episode of the brand new series, The Outlaw Ocean. You can listen to more on the CBC Listen app and everywhere you get your podcasts. For more CBC podcasts, go to cbc.ca slash podcasts.