Get Sleepy: Sleep meditation and stories - The Sleepy History of Florence Nightingale

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Starting point is 00:00:38 Join us in making an impact today for a better tomorrow. Visit Miele.ca to learn more. How do stop losses work on Kraken? for a better tomorrow. Visit Mila.ca to learn more. Welcome to Get Sleepy. When we listen, we relax, and we get sleepy. My name's Thomas and it's my honor to be your host. Thanks so much for being here. Tonight we'll head to 19th century England where we'll meet a woman far ahead of her time. Florence Nightingale would stop at nothing to answer the calling she had been given. She revolutionized healthcare in Britain and beyond, and laid the groundwork for professional nursing. Soon you'll learn how she won the hearts of those she cared for and millions more. A big thanks to Joe for writing this one and to Jessica who'll be reading it to you.

Starting point is 00:02:22 So let's settle in for our story and see if we can channel some of our very own care and kindness, something that Florence Nightingale was well known for. Begin with some deep, relaxing breaths, finding a gentle and natural rhythm that encourages your body to relieve itself of tension and your mind to switch off from the thoughts and activities of the day. As you rest here in your comfortable bed or wherever you might be right now, just consider or small, actions of care and kindness are so deeply important. Not only are you providing support for others in a direct way, you're also setting an example for them and for others to follow. Whether it's checking in on the ones you love, helping a stranger that appears to be having some difficulty with something,

Starting point is 00:04:07 cooking meals for family, or simply offering a smile or a friendly hello to a passerby. Each little act of care and kindness makes the world a better place. Of course, none of us are perfect. We all experience frustration, sadness, anger, suffering, and sometimes we might deflect these challenges onto others. Though you might feel regretful in these moments, it's only right that you forgive yourself for those shortcomings too, just as you would forgive someone else whose inner suffering might have been misdirected towards you. Just like anyone else, I'm far from perfect, but I certainly try my best to treat others with respect, care, and kindness. In fact, my number one goal when it comes to interacting with other people is to make

Starting point is 00:05:38 sure that those I come into contact with anywhere and everywhere in my life feel appreciated. Now I'm sure I'm far from having a 100% record on that, but it's a very simple way to try to live in my opinion. Just think how much brighter life seems when you feel appreciated. That's exactly why care, kindness, respect and appreciation for others is so important. They will feel that brightness too. And even if someone comes across as the rudest, most selfish and unagreeable person you've ever met, staying true to yourself and maintaining your kind and caring approach might just rub off on them. So, my wonderful friends, the message as you settle down and listen to tonight's story is that spreading care and kindness wherever you go makes the world a better place

Starting point is 00:07:09 and a world I know that I want to live in. Now, if you're still taking those deeper, slower breaths, Taking those deeper, slower breaths, you can gently let your breathing return to normal and shift your attention to the sound of Jessica's voice. We're ready to begin tonight's tale and learn all about the pioneering work and life of Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 to a British family of wealth and status. She made her entry into the world while her family was holidaying abroad on a grand tour of Italy. She takes her name from the city of her birth, Florence, in the region of Tuscany. Her sister was born in Naples, a year before Florence. She was named Parthenopi after the Greek settlement

Starting point is 00:08:48 which preceded Naples. The family returned to live in England only a year after Florence's birth. There, the family's time was divided between different estates. Much of the year was spent in Hampshire, at a red brick mansion in the south of England. They summered up north, in beautiful Derbyshire, near the rolling green hills of the famous Peak District. Society at the time was very divided and being upper class had definite advantages. Florence and her family would have dressed in fine clothes and dined very well on expensive foods. They would have attended balls and banquets and rubbed shoulders with many important people. Their standard of living overall would have been far higher than many might have dreamt of. Though, there were disappointments even for the rich, especially for women in 19th century England.

Starting point is 00:10:10 Views back then were somewhat different about what men and women should and shouldn't do. Women in general were restrained to the home and destined for a future of marriage and motherhood. It wasn't thought proper of a lady of standing to pursue education or a professional career. The Nightingale girls were particularly fortunate as they had a father who was quite liberal-minded. as they had a father who was quite liberal-minded. William Nightingale believed that daughters should be educated, just as well as sons might be. In fact, he taught the girls himself. Florence mastered countless languages under her father's tutelage. She learned Greek, Latin,

Starting point is 00:11:09 Italian, French, and German. She also mastered the art of writing and studied history and philosophy. Florence would memorize the tomes of great philosophers before engaging in animated debate. William Nightingale was said to treat his youngest daughter as if she were his son. He had local villagers refer to her as Squire, the title usually reserved for males. He even allowed her to be tutored in mathematics, something almost unheard of for women at the time. Florence Nightingale was an excellent student. She was neat, organized, and couldn't be distracted. She was neat, organized, and couldn't be distracted. Her passion for learning was vast, and she was often seen with her head in a book.

Starting point is 00:12:18 She loved to read and write, and was a skilled mathematician. Today, we might call her a polymath, a person whose knowledge spans a broad range of subjects. From a young age, she was also very driven. She felt that her life was meant for a purpose, though she wasn't quite sure what that purpose was. That changed in 1837, months before her 17th birthday. It was then that Florence experienced a vision. She felt that she'd received a silent command, the first of many, to rid the world of suffering. She knew that she wanted to become a nurse. Considering her activities, this wasn't so surprising. When the young Florence hadn't been studying, she'd been caring for the sick in the neighboring

Starting point is 00:13:24 village. For all she was intelligent, she was also very kind and compassionate. Now she sought to turn this philanthropy into a career that could benefit the needy. Unfortunately, nursing wasn't considered a respectable career and especially not for an upper-class woman. She knew that her parents wouldn't allow it. Indeed, they didn't allow it when she told them of her plans seven years later. Even her father, as liberal as he was, wouldn't succumb to her many appeals. Florence, however, would not be deterred.

Starting point is 00:14:18 She would keep asking and learn all she could. She swapped the philosophy for scientific journals and educated herself on the practice of nursing. She toured medical institutions whilst on holiday in Europe and made copious notes about all that she saw. As the years went by, she grew only more convinced. Nursing was what she was born to do. She even put off her long-term suitor, feeling that marriage would get in the way. By 1850, when she was 30, Florence had successfully worn down her parents. They allowed her to travel to Düsseldorf, Germany, to take part in a two-week course.

Starting point is 00:15:21 The institution was a religious community. It was run by a pastor who taught theology and nursing to women. Florence learned alongside the deaconesses by watching, listening, and attending to the sick. Her parents might have thought she would be discouraged when faced with the realities of the job. This, of course, was not the case. Her experiences proved to be a turning point, the spark that lit the fuse of her career. Florence had made notes throughout her stay, documenting her findings at the pastor's request. She released these anonymously in 1851. By this point, she'd become a skilled and persuasive

Starting point is 00:16:20 writer. She recognized the pen as a tool for change. Through the written word, she could shine a light on society's failings, and better still, make the case for change. At the time she was writing in the mid-19th century, nursing didn't exist as a standalone profession. Where it did happen, it was performed by Catholic nuns or religious groups like the Sisters of Mercy. Florence herself was a devout Christian and referred to nurses as the Handmaids of God. and referred to nurses as the Handmaids of God. Despite this, she argued that nursing might be separate from religion. Practically speaking, England's sick had a need for nurses, so surely it made sense that women be able to pursue this career,

Starting point is 00:17:22 within a secular institution? Even now, before her career had begun, Florence Nightingale was pushing for change. She was laying the groundwork for her future plans. In the year following her fortnight in Germany, she returned to Dusseldorf to the same institution. This time she stayed for four long months, receiving her training in medical care. She studied the details of individual cases alongside the methods of hospital administration. She made notes on the staff, their roles and motivations, and the factors that impacted quality patient care. Through continuous observation and detailed note-taking, she gained an insight into good hospital practice.

Starting point is 00:18:30 She would carry these ideas home to England and look to apply them in her first professional role. She would gain that appointment with the help of her connections, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert. She'd met the couple in 1847 when she was on holiday in Rome. Sidney Herbert was an important politician. He'd been Secretary of War until 1846. He'd been Secretary of War until 1846. The trio bonded over shared ideas, and the couple became her friends and supporters. In 1853, Elizabeth Herbert recommended Florence for the role of superintendent. The position was based in Harley Street, London, at the Institute for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen. Florence took up the role in August of that

Starting point is 00:19:36 year. At that same time, she moved out of the family home, ignoring the protests of her mother and sister. Her father provided her with an annual income, which meant she could afford to live independently. So, she took a flat on Harley Street, a short walk from her new workplace. Her companion there was her little pet owl, a creature she rescued in Athens, Greece. She called it Athena, after the goddess of wisdom whose symbol is an owl. The bird was so small that it could fit in her pocket, and she was often known to carry it with her. Florence enjoyed caring for animals, just as she enjoyed caring for people. One of her

Starting point is 00:20:40 earliest patients was a sheepdog, whose paw had been injured. Growing up on a country estate, she'd been surrounded by all kinds of animals. Cats, though, were her particular favorite. She would own more than 60 throughout her lifetime. Her work at the hospital kept her very busy. Although it was a small institution, she saw countless ways that care could be improved. She had the place cleaned from top to bottom, raising the standards of hygiene throughout. She'd seen how the sick might benefit from a well-lit space that's airy and peaceful.

Starting point is 00:21:33 So she had patient spaces thoughtfully rearranged, creating an environment that supported recovery. She also made changes to the food being served, insisting on meals that were wholesome and nutritious. Florence sought to replicate the good practices she'd observed, including in the area of hospital administration. She created job descriptions for hospital employees and wrote out duties for the nurses daily. Staff were organized into teams of three, so the trainee nurses might learn from their experienced colleagues. Any staff who were incompetent or unwilling were promptly let go.

Starting point is 00:22:28 As kind-natured as she was, Florence was willing to deliver tough messages. She would do the right thing, even when that thing was hard or unpopular. hard or unpopular. Some might have been surprised by this, assuming her to be meek because of her gentle appearance. Florence was 33 when she took up this role, and has been described as slender and graceful. It might be useful to imagine her now, a Victorian lady in 1853. Her oval face is pale and delicate, with an inner radiance that shines out through her smile. She has long, dark hair tied neatly behind her head, most of it covered with a frilly white bonnet. The dress she wears is a shade of caramel, pulled in at the waist and reaching to the floor.

Starting point is 00:23:40 The lace of her collar matches her bonnet, as do the cuffs, poking out at her wrists. Some have described her demeanor as severe, and certainly we might say that she took her work seriously. Equally, she's described as being very charming, something which she seems to have used to her advantage. Charm was her tactic in dealing with opposition. From the governing committee, the medical staff, and those opposed to anything different. She would trick her opponents into thinking that her idea was actually theirs, and watch as the ideas suddenly became more appealing. Florence never cared about who took the credit. She had no interest in self-aggrandizement. She had no interest in self-aggrandizement. All that mattered was her overall vision

Starting point is 00:24:52 and making things better for patients and staff. Though she didn't know it at the time, her work at Harley Street was only a warm-up. Her greatest test was just around the corner. A test that would be the making of her. War had broken out in 1853 between the country of Russia and the Ottoman Empire. This would be known as the Crimean War, being mostly fought along the Crimean Peninsula. By March of 1854, Britain had joined alongside France, forming an alliance with the Turkish Ottoman. Around 26,000 British soldiers would be sent to Crimea, soldiers who might need medical attention.

Starting point is 00:25:51 This they would get at a military hospital, staffed by British doctors. Nurses, however, were not permitted. The British government was vehemently against sending women to an active war zone. This changed thanks to the media, because the Crimean War would be the first of its kind to be reported back home in real time. William Howard Russell was an Irishman reporting for the Times of London. He might be called one of the first modern war correspondents. Using the newly invented telegraph, he sent home updates from Crimea. He sent home updates from Crimea. These were included in the newspaper at home,

Starting point is 00:26:50 and eagerly read by the British public. When Russell wrote about the sorry state of military healthcare, the people at home were outraged. The government, in turn, was forced to react, and agreed to send nurses to help with the effort. The Secretary of War in 1854 was a person we've met already. It was Florence's close friend, Mr. Sidney Herbert, who was serving in the role for the second time.

Starting point is 00:27:33 Tasked with finding a head nurse, he naturally thought of Florence Nightingale. She, of course, needed no encouragement. Florence left London on the 21st of October with 38 volunteer nurses. They traveled by ship across the English Channel and then through France to Marseille. From there they sailed to Constantinople in modern-day Istanbul, arriving at Scutari on the 5th of November. They would live and work at the military hospital, based in the shell of an old army fort. The military hospitals of the 19th century were a far cry from modern institutions, but even by those standards, conditions at Scutari were poor. A great deal of changes would chance to prove herself. It was her moment to really make a difference.

Starting point is 00:28:50 Unfortunately, not everyone agreed, and the nurses received a less than warm welcome. The male army doctors working at Scutari took their arrival as an insult to their professionalism. Florence's input was initially dismissed and her opinion seen as a threat to their authority. Simply put, they didn't want the nurses' help. want the nurses' help. That was until the situation worsened and an influx of patients left the men overstretched. At this point, they had no choice but to accept assistance. Florence and her team sprang into action and their first order of business was to improve hygiene. She coaxed those in charge to order supplies, scrubbing brushes, water basins, bandages, and clean clothing. Then her staff went to work, cleaning every inch of the hospital.

Starting point is 00:30:10 The floors were swept and scrubbed until spotless. The beds were made with fresh, clean bedsheets. Patients were given clean, loose clothes and staff too received new uniforms. Once the initial deep clean had been completed, Florence sought ways to maintain high standards. New routines were implemented, such as carefully washing patients on arrival and dressing any wounds in clean, fresh bandages. She and her nurses worked tirelessly at Scutarii to provide a setting which aided recovery. Much like she had done in her role at Harley Street, she reorganized the space to benefit the patients. Areas were renovated to be lighter and better ventilated.

Starting point is 00:31:15 Reading rooms were established for patients to read in peace and quiet. Florence insisted on kitchen-serving meals that were safe and nutritious. She had extra broths and fluids given to those who needed it most. Soon, the hospital was spic and span, with policies in place to keep things running smoothly. Florence and her team could concentrate on the task of nursing the men back to health. Kindness and connection were at the heart of their duties. They fed the men meals when they couldn't feed themselves and read aloud stories in low, soothing voices.

Starting point is 00:32:11 They wrote up letters dictated by the patients inspired, treating the men with dignity and respect. It was through such actions that Florence came to fame when the media reported on the work of the nurses. Florence in particular was applauded for her manner, her radiant smile and gentle spirit. An account from the Times in 1855 described Florence as a ministering angel. It was said that every poor fellow's face softens with gratitude at the sight of her. Her nighttime duties were of particular fascination because it was then she would make her rounds alone. When all the other staff were tucked up in bed, her solitary lamp would glow through the darkness. This particular image became heavily romanticized,

Starting point is 00:33:34 transforming Florence into a Victorian icon. On February 24th, 1855, an engraving was printed in the Illustrated London News. Florence was shown on her night-time rounds, lighting the way with the glow of her lamp. From this moment on, her legacy was cemented. She would forever be known as the Lady with the Lamp. The British public were utterly captivated by the bravery and gentility of this selfless lady. She became a celebrity overnight. Her image printed on bags and souvenirs. Her family at home had to wade through her fan mail, poems, and letters praising her efforts.

Starting point is 00:34:41 Seeing the usefulness of media exposure, Florence wrote a piece for the Times, which inspired the British government to commission the development of a type of modulated pre-fabricated hospital setup. This hospital could be shipped to Crimea in parts carts and built on site. At the new site, she reduced the mortality rate to less than 10% of what it had been. This new system of field hospitals could be considered the precursor to what would become the Modern Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, or MASH, unit. On March 30th, 1856, the war ended with the Treaty of Paris. Florence stayed on to care and clean, only returning home on August the 7th.

Starting point is 00:35:52 She arrived in Britain to a heroine's welcome, much to her dismay. Fame and celebrity held no allure for Florence. She didn't enjoy having her picture taken and would often travel under the pseudonym Miss Smith. In general, she saw fame as a superficial distraction. Her mind was set on a far higher purpose. In Crimea, Florence had been a meticulous note-taker, recording details of patient situations, and ever the mathematician, she'd also analyzed the data. She found that the majority of patients had passed away from preventable disease rather than injury.

Starting point is 00:36:46 She'd seen firsthand the state of the hospital as it was when her nurses had arrived. And she'd also witnessed the difference in the patients, given cleanliness, care, kindness, and respect. care, kindness, and respect. Florence was convinced of what was needed. Widespread reforms across military hospitals. What she had done was needed everywhere, and this would save countless lives. Thanks to her fame, she could share these views, and powerful people would readily listen. Amongst her fans were the King and Queen, who invited her to meet them in 1857. At Balmoral Castle, where the royals would summer, Queen Victoria presented her with a gift. The Nightingale Jewel was a golden brooch, said to be designed by Prince Albert himself. It's visible today in the National Army Museum. The words,

Starting point is 00:38:07 Blessed are the Merciful, printed around its surface. The word Crimea sits at its base, written in gold on a sky-blue ribbon. a sky blue ribbon. In its oval center, there's the famous Red Cross, while three white stars sit at the top. The Queen included a personal inscription, explaining the gift to be a mark of esteem and gratitude for devotion towards the Queen's brave soldiers. Florence no doubt appreciated the gift, but was perhaps more excited to share her opinions. When she told the Queen of what she had witnessed, both Victoria and Albert were persuaded to act. On the 5th of May, 1857, a royal commission was established.

Starting point is 00:39:16 Its task was to review the health of the British army. Straight away, Florence went to work, analyzing data and gathering evidence. She was helped in this by leading statisticians, working closely with William Farr. Both were sure that poor sanitation was the reason for disease at military hospitals. However, this contradicted the prevailing medical view that disease was caused by inhaling bad air. This is known as miasma theory. In order to make their point, the pair would not only have to prove a link between hygiene and illness, they'd also have to disprove the link between disease and bad smells.

Starting point is 00:40:17 They worked together for the better part of a year, comparing the data from three hospitals, there was the military hospital in Scutari, another in London, and a civilian hospital in Manchester. The city of Manchester was a hub of industry, notorious for its factories and smog-filled air. its factories and smog-filled air. So, should miasma theory be proven correct, one would expect the hospital in Manchester to have the highest death rates. Only it didn't. In fact, it had the lowest, far below the others. The London Military Hospital took the lead, with Scutari in second place. The significant factor wasn't the air, and even more so for how it was presented, Florence

Starting point is 00:41:30 again proved herself a pioneer, this which in 1857 was cutting edge. A great statistician, she also understood how graphs and pie charts might demonstrate her point. They were a means of translating complex information so that the audience could see and really understand. Her use of such things was widely applauded, so much so that two years later, she would become the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society. male member of the Royal Statistical Society. The pair's findings made a real impact and triggered the reforms that Florence had hoped for.

Starting point is 00:42:36 The principles that she brought to the hospital at Scutari would now become the standards that all were held to. Nurses would become a feature at military hospitals, and patients would be nursed with care and respect. Levels of hygiene were greatly improved, reducing the risk of preventable disease. reducing the risk of preventable disease. Florence would go on to report to the Royal Commission on India, reviewing the health of the British army there. Again, she would prove the link between poor health and poor sanitation,

Starting point is 00:43:23 campaigning for reform throughout India. She got what she wanted, standards improved, and the impact on patients would be evident in the data. Later on, in 1873, Florence would report after a decade of reform. The figures would show how mortality rates had dropped from 69 per 1000 to 18. If we remember her goal to reduce suffering in the world, then it certainly seems like a goal achieved. That's not to say that she was by any means done. In her first publication, she'd made the case that nursing should become a respectable profession. She rallied against the notion that it was a job for nuns or viewed as

Starting point is 00:44:28 the work of only lower classes. Florence herself had fought to become a nurse, against the wishes of her family. Now she sought to open the doors for other women. Her efforts in Crimea had changed public opinion, thanks to the media attention she received. She had shown nursing to be a noble and necessary profession. The British public believed in her vision, so much so that they wanted to help. Donations poured into the Nightingale Fund, a charity established whilst Florence was abroad. The fund raised £45,000 in total. That's the equivalent today to around £3.5 million. Florence used this money to establish St Thomas' Hospital,

Starting point is 00:45:37 a teaching school in London, which opened in 1860. which opened in 1860. This institution was the first of its kind to be both secular and scientifically forward-thinking. It was also the first to treat nursing as a respectable and valued profession. Nurses were paid decent wages. They received sick leave and annual vacation. They were treated as separate from doctors but not subordinate to them. Florence's book, Notes on Nursing, formed much of the school's curriculum.

Starting point is 00:46:27 Students were shown the things that might aid recovery – light, ventilation, quiet, and good food. They mastered routines of cleanliness and hygiene alongside the gentilities of good bedside manner. They were taught as well to monitor patients, making detailed notes on symptoms and progress. This would support doctors in effectively diagnosing and treating their patients. All of the principles that Florence had learned and the example of good practice she had set were shared with those who followed in her footsteps. In May of 1865, the first Nightingale nurse took up her position at the Liverpool Workhouse Infirmary. Many more would follow her lead, setting up hospitals in Britain and abroad. In fact, the women were encouraged to travel, so that knowledge and

Starting point is 00:47:50 practice might ripple across the globe. In the 1870s, Florence would personally mentor the woman known as America's first trained nurse. Linda Richards would return to America, equipped with all that Florence had taught her. She herself would lead the way for professional nursing in America and then Japan. Alongside her work in relation to the hospital, Florence continued to be an avid writer. During the course of her lifetime, she would author around 200 pieces including books, pamphlets, and articles. Her writing wasn't restricted to medical matters either. She often wrote on the subject of womanhood. Her essay, Cassandra, has been called a major work in early feminism. has been called a major work in early feminism. Here, she argued against Victorian stereotypes,

Starting point is 00:49:10 which associated femininity with helplessness. She rejected the idea that educated women might be confined to a life of lethargy and triviality. Surely, they'd be better employed using their minds to do meaningful work. Florence herself was forever working, even despite her own health struggles. health struggles. In Crimea, she'd picked up a bacterial infection, which at the time had made her very ill. Though she would recover, the infection would reoccur, and she'd be forced to work from the comfort of her bed. This is where she spent much of her later life, reading and writing prolifically. Even in bed though, she couldn't be slowed down. She penned hundreds, if not thousands, of letters to important figures at home and abroad. Florence was campaigning from beneath the covers. She argued that all people, regardless of class or circumstance, deserved access to healthcare.

Starting point is 00:50:49 Ideas such as these would eventually evolve into the National Health Service, or the NHS. This government-funded healthcare meant that all citizens would have access to free care. One can only imagine that Florence would approve. Many of her letters can be viewed today. They're mostly in the gallery of the British Library. Some of the drafts are stamped with paw prints where one of her cats walked ink across the page. Florence had written in 1859 that a small pet is often an excellent companion for the sick. Now as she approached her later life, she took a great deal of comfort from the pets around her.

Starting point is 00:51:54 She would often write with a cat around her shoulders while others would lay on the pillow beside her. Moore would wander about her room, navigating books and ornaments, and flopping down wherever they saw fit. Her favorite cat was named Mr. Bismark. He was a large Persian who was gentle and affectionate. Like all of her cats, he was treated like royalty. He ate special meals from fine china plates placed on a newspaper which Florence called his tablecloth. Mr. Bismarck was partial to rice pudding, which she always had served with his five o'clock tea. Florence lived until 1910, to the ripe old age of 90.

Starting point is 00:53:01 This remarkable woman wanted only to be forgotten. But sometimes, people are too great to be ignored. The public lined the streets to her final resting place, while politicians made speeches at a special church service. In the years since her passing, her legacy has never faded. hospitals, museums, and more buildings beside proudly bear the Nightingale name. Statues have been erected in her image and she even appeared on a ten pound note. Her name is given to medals and awards, presented to those deemed outstanding nurses. Her birthday is celebrated on May 12 each year as International Nurses Day.

Starting point is 00:54:20 Candles are lit at a procession in London, where nurses walk in honor of this woman. Florence is remembered as the lady with the lamp, but the truth of her achievements is so much more. She's the founder of modern nursing, a pioneer in statistics, and a Victorian feminist if ever there was one. Her story is one that resonates. It's the tale of a woman who believed in better. She brought kindness, cleanliness, commitment, and compassion to the lives of those that patients receive today. You You. You You You You You You You You You You You You You You You. you

Get Sleepy: Sleep meditation and stories - The Sleepy History of Florence Nightingale

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