Good Job, Brain! - 189: The Golden Touch

Episode Date: August 15, 2016

It's the GJB gold rush and we're running to find odd facts and stories about gold. From golden raisins to Golden Girls, Dana's got a gilded grab-bag quiz. Ever had a pet goldfish? Well, they are much more complex, and "colorful" animals than we give them credit for, and learn some glimmering facts about the common goldfish. Find out what the Civil War Gold Hoax is and why Lincoln got super pissed.  Also: The first US Pizza ATM! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You're listening to an Airwave Media podcast. Hello, younglings, yammering for Yuka, Yuanling, and yumminess. Welcome to Good Job, Brain, your weekly quiz show and offbeat trivia podcast. This is episode 189, and I'm your humble host, Karen, and we are your stretchy. strategizing stragglers streaming strange strips and strands about stratosphere and strombolies. I'm Colin. And I'm Dana. And no Chris this week.

He couldn't join us for the recording because stuff came up, but we miss him and he'll be back next week. And this episode is brought to you by Warby Parker. Warby Parker is a revolutionary way to get cool prescription or non-prescription glasses. That's fun, hassle-free, and super-affirmed. affordable and uh colin you're wearing i'm wearing a pair right now yeah you got your wire glasses kind of my classic yeah the half the half rim my classic look the half rim the very yeah yeah yeah sort of the fake transparent you're not a professor glasses kind of guy i i'm a professor not yet i might i might age into that at some point graduate to the professor style there is a

style on warby parker that's called colin is it like a thick chunky style yeah yeah i might have to get it just because it's blue too maybe that's too crazy doesn't say it's a Cullen on it. It would be cool if we get it like. It's really personal. I might have to get it. It's like those 2000 and Happy New Year 2001. Oh,

I'll cross the lenses. Yeah, one of the eyes is the O. And also good news for people of the world who are like me, I call myself a pancake face because it's very flat. Don't be so hard on yourself. It's moon faced. It's moon face.

It's moon face. Yeah, come on. It's so much more poetic that way. I have a low nose bridge. It's not pronounced. So what happens is when I wear normal glasses, they usually slide off if I don't have the nose pad things. Got it. And especially if I'm running, wearing sunglasses and you're sweating, it just like slides right off like butter.

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I used to have to buy normal glasses and I have to take it to a store and have them add the pads on, which really like then disrupts the whole look of it, you know. But I was like, ah, but you know, what good are glasses if they slide off the front of your face? Yeah. But now Warby Parker has them in stock. And this is how it works. You go to Warby Parker.com. You pick up up to five glasses frames that you want to try on and they will ship the sample

frames in their at-home try-on kit for you to your house for free and you try them on and you decide which one you like and then you send all of them back and you order online. You can also upload your prescription info online as well and can order it there. Their glasses are hip-stylish, brainy. Hopefully maybe there will be a Dana style and a Karen style. Yeah, there are two A's in my name. Those could be the eyes. Yeah. So head on over to Warbyparker.com slash brain and get three-day expedited shipping. I've got a fun news headline here for you, Karen, before we get started. Well, I mean, actually, I mean, it's for both of you guys, but I think it's going to be a

particular interest to you, Karen. This is an Associated Press article dated August 5th. Ohio University to get North America's first pizza ATM. Cincinnati. Customers will soon be able to get pizza from an 80s. ATM at one Ohio University. Xavier University has partnered with a French company to install the first pizza ATM. The company says the machine will hold 70 pizzas at once.

Whoa. Customers will be able to use a touchscreen to pick one of the $10 pizzas, which will be heated for several minutes, placed in a cardboard box, and ejected through a slot. So I guess they've had these in Europe for like almost 15 years now. But this is the first time they've made it to the states. It says they're usually in small towns, gas stations, or pizzerias. Which seems, I don't understand why you would have a pizza ATM. I don't want to talk to people. Yeah, in a pizzeria.

I don't know, maybe. So, yeah. Is it connected to your bank? What's the difference between an ATM and a vending machine? My gripe is, isn't this just a pizza vending machine? are they calling things an ATM? It's not an automatic telling machine. I was like, oh, maybe it's because they cook it. But like they have the coffee machines and they don't call that a coffee ATM. Yeah, you are. You don't call it the Doritos ATM. No. It's not like, it's not like these are pizzas that you had on credit. Yeah. Yeah. You know, oh, I've got about a dozen pizzas here. Hang on. Let me just withdraw. Let me withdraw some pizza. It sounds like it's like part of the Bank of America thing. It's like, oh, I'd like to make a deposit and get a pizza. Right, right. I'm like, oh, this one only dispenses four slices at a time. Well, that's all I get.

Doing this, they called a cupcake ATM not so long ago. And I, you know, and I went to one in Chicago, and I was like, hey, there's someone behind that counter loading up the cupcakes in the box that comes out of a slot. That's even less. I don't like, you can see your hand. Yeah, this isn't, yeah. What's the difference between like a drive-through window then or like a walk-to-room? That's a good point.

You know, I kind of just unquestioningly read that article. Vending machine, stop calling them ATMs, man. Maybe it's because ATM implies, like, more high-tech or more speedy, I don't know. It's faster to say. Yeah. If you are a student at Xavier or just happened to be in the Cincinnati area and have access to this so-called pizza ATM, please, please, let us know how it is. I'm very curious. I need to check my balance in my pizza account, please.

Oh, man, I'm down to one pepperoni. Yeah. One pepperoni. I got it bounced The pizza bounced guys You should join my pizza credit union They're man It's like they'll prevent you from pizza over draft

That's my problem I'll totally pizza overcraft Man The other day after catching Pokemon I went to go have a slice of pizza And it was like it was like cold And it was like super foggy And then there's just this warm half slice of pizza

And I was like And I talked to it I was like pizza Why are he so good Pizza is the best food Well, anyways, without further ado, let's jump into our first general trivia segment, pop quiz, hot shot. And you guys have your barnyard buzzers ready. And since Chris is not here, I think we can do two cards.

Oh, okay. I have a random assortment of Trivial Pursue cards. When the cats away, the most play. All right, here we go. Old and new. I got Trivial Pursue Genus 4. and Trivial Pursuit, 1995. Okay, okay.

I don't know why we can't get any other years. I think it's that whole set. I think the whole set is 95. No, but look, it says 90s. Yeah? And on the other side, then it says 1995. Maybe somebody only gave us. These were from our donated cards, right?

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. All right. Let's start with, let's start with the old. Okay. All right. Blue Edge for people and places. What country's Hindi name is Hind. Well, I.

I think we probably would both guess India. Yes, it is India. Hindi, Hindi, Hindi, Hindi, India. Pink Wedge for Arts and Entertainment, which Simpsons character doesn't share a name with a member of creator Matt Grainings family? Oh, does not share a name with a... Yeah. Uh, Bart.

Correct. Oh. Like, Bart is his... The sort of the surrogate for me. Matt Graham. Because his parents are named Homer and Margaret, right? And he does have a sister named Lisa. Was it Witch Simpson's character? Yeah. So it's like almost all of them probably. Aren't there hundreds of them? Right. It's a little ambiguous. Like Which Simpsons family. Oh, I see. I see. Not like the show. Like Mo.

Yeah. Yeah. Grimes cheaper Willie. Yeah. All right. Yellow Wedge for history. Who earned $550 million from Drexel Burnham Lambert, according to his 1987 tax return. 550 million. Oh, okay, okay. No idea who this is. So it's got to be like. Colin.

Michael Milken. Oh, my God. Yes. Who is he? He was like, you know, one of these like the, the high risk sort of investment guys who got busted back in the 80s, 90s. But he made millions a dollar. just sort of off of insider information, maybe.

I'm being very, you know, I mean, that's my memory of it anyway, but yeah. Let's move to Brown for Science and Nature. What Slapstick Trio topped a national public radio poll of suggested names for three new planets found circling the same pulsar? What three? Slapstick trio. Oh. Dana. Is it Larry Moe and Curley?

Correct. I guess because it's. Well, it's suggested names. I don't know if they actually went with it. Yeah, just because there's three of them. Yeah. All right. Greenwich for Sports and Leisure.

Who netted an NBA record 72.7 field goal percentage in the 1972 to 73 season? I know you know, Colin. I'm going to guess Will Chamberlain. Correct. Yeah. Pretty good player. You said field goal? That's what I was confused.

So in basketball, like, the technical name for a shot is a field goal. Really? As opposed to like a free throw, right. Yeah. So your two-pointer or three-pointers are field goals? It's a field goal attempt or a three-point. Yeah. I did not know that.

Yeah. And like if you look in like the box score for a basketball game after, you know, it'll say like FGA for like field goal attempts. That's so weird. Yeah. But it like, it takes that name from field sports. But yeah, you're right. Field goal. Bastit.

Same thing. That's, that's a technical name. Wow. Yeah. That's why I was like, did I? And it's like, Reth's question? Yeah.

And by the way, I mean, just as an aside, 70, what was it? 72%. 72.7. That's insanely high. I mean, like, if you're a player today, like, if you had like 49%, you're going to be like a star shooter. Wow. Like to be able to get.

What do you think Steph Curry's is? Steph Curry's overall percent is probably mid to high 40s. Yeah. Wow. Yeah. Yeah, he's a good shooter. Wilt the stiltz. All right.

Last question on this card. Wildcard. What house speaker told them? economist that smoking marijuana quote was a sign we were alive and in graduate school in that era whoa house speaker so there must have been like gingrich somebody yeah maybe gingrich although he seems a little uptight but he was around in the 90 that's true that's true okay yeah sure yeah you're right yeah let's go with let's go with gingrich yeah is that right it is right yeah it is right gingrich who all right card number two let's

That's no, it's nice. He probably said that about Bill Clinton to get people off of Bill Clinton's back. Okay, okay. That's a very charitable way. That's my guess of why. Let's go with that. Yeah. Let's jump into 1995, good old 1995.

Here we go. All right. Pink Wedge for pop culture. What Pacific Island natives did Britain's Queen Elizabeth apologize to for seizing their lands 132 years earlier? Dena. Is that the Maori? Correct. It is the Maori.

I think they're the only people she, anybody ever apologized to. Oh, really? They were very, very persuasive. They were tough. Very good at fighting. Yellow Wedge, what search engine did Digital Equipment Corporation develop to manage its old email? Oh. Okay.

Oh, just name some ofista. Oh, my God. Alta Vista. Dana got. Oh, is that what you thought? I was going to say, but yeah, that's all right. That's right. We're on the same track there.

Yeah. I mean, I was just ruling ones out. I mean, like, we know it's not Yahoo. We know it's, yeah, Lycos. Yeah. Hotbot. I didn't know. Oh, hot bot.

Wow. So, wait, so it was developed by DEC to index their internal. Old email. Huh, okay. All right. Brown Wedge. What Seinfeld character refused to switch from briefs to boxers noting, my boys need a house?

Whoa, trivial pursue. Colin. That is Kramer. This is a very Kramer thing to say. And in the end, he ends up going with neither. Yeah. So they're homeless. Yeah.

Orange Wedge. What hunky model made his TV ad debut hyping? I can't believe it's not butter spray. Dana. Fabio. Correct. Yeah. Was it the spray or?

Just the spray. Really? Maybe the spray at first. Then migrated it onto the product line. Hmm. Maybe he uses it to stay oiled up. Who knows? I mean, it's a high-sheen man.

Speaking of high-sheen men. Uh-huh. Oh, the Tonga? Yeah, did you guys see the, in the Olympics opening ceremony, the Parade of Nations, the guy representing Tonga? Yeah. He was glistening. And then like... Was he topless?

Yeah. Yeah, yeah. He was in sort of, I guess, traditional, traditional style dress, right? Yeah. He, like, smiles at the camera all charmingly. and like kind of links and everybody's like oh my god sorry for the aside there yeah green wedge what CNN chief international correspondent was credited with bringing the horrors of the Bosnian conflict to light which CNN chief

international correspondent um Christian Ammanpur you're so good yeah yeah she's good yeah she's like you're just like yes I trust you yeah yeah reporting the news. Yeah. Last question in this round. What Swedish techno group? Though, you know what? I'm going to make an editorial note.

I'm going to scratch out techno. What Swedish pop group sold a record 19 million of its debut album, The Sign. Everybody. Ace of bass. That year, I guess it's 1995. 95. Almost every single they They had so many hits off that album

All that she wants, the sign. Et cetera. It was a good, don't turn around. Yeah, don't turn around. Yeah, there you go. Thank you. Yeah. All right, we named three. Yeah, I was like, wait a minute.

That CD has been in my car for like two years. I haven't, I don't ever go to the CD player, but when I do, it's a base the sign is in there. It's reliable. You know what you're getting. Yeah. All right. Good job, Brains. So, Colin, this week.

What are we talking about? So as I alluded to just a moment ago, it is we are currently in the opening week of the Olympic Games. Yeah. And I don't about you guys, but I'm always curious each time there's no Olympics. I really am into what is the design of the medals this time. I have to say, I'm kind of a traditionalist. Like, I tend to like the metals that are just simple. You know, maybe it's just all one piece of metal, you know, maybe a simple embossed design.

Right. I feel like in recent decades, every now and then some country will or some host country, they'll do something funky, like it'll be a ring, you know, like with a hole in the middle or I think like in Sochi the Olympics, right, didn't have like a chunk of the meteorite was like embedded in the, they had like crystal portion in one of them a few years ago. But so this, this Olympics in Rio that's just solid, simple, gold plated and silver and bronze medals, you know, no, no. No fringe, no. I like the crazy one. That's totally acceptable. I'm not saying I'm right. I'm just saying, like, for me, I'm more of a traditionalist.

Metals, gold medals from my mind. I was thinking gold is just interesting. Yeah, it's Olympic fever, man. Olympic fever everywhere. But then gold as well. You guys remember, I love that story about the gold Nobel medal being melted down. Yeah. So I thought we could just talk about gold and things that are gold and golden and go for the gold.

You got a healthy big deal. You're bigger. I bet you find Just something bigger Diggy, D.D. Diggy, D.D. Go bigger. And you can't hear, and you can't see it, listeners.

You can't hear it either, but you can't see that Karen is sitting here with golden hair right now. Yeah. I got it all changed. I went in the salon, I was like, make me an iPhone color. Rose gold. It's rose gold. It is rose gold. You're wearing a golden bear shirt.

too. Oh, I am. Yeah, you are wearing a golden bear shirt. I am. It's right. Totally coincidentally. I am wearing a California golden bears t-shirt. Golden hair, golden bear. Go bears. All right. I'll kick us off. I have a gold grab bag quiz for you guys. Assorted musings on gold. All right. I like that. And you guys buzz in with your answers. Okay. All right. Let's do it. All right. We'll start with a classic. In the story of King Midas and the Golden Touch, a king's given the power to turn. And you guys given the power to turn. whatever he touches into gold. And in one version of the story, he ends up dying of starvation because he turns the food that he touches into gold. And then in another version, he washes it off in a river. Oh, I didn't hear that. I don't know that version. Yeah.

It's the happy version. So it's more like gold plating as opposed to, yeah. Well, we'll get into it. So this is a Greek myth. That's a little bit of a clue for you guys. What Greek God gave him the gift of the golden touch? Oh, Karen. Karen.

Dionysus. Yes. Good guess. Good guess. Yes. Seems like a very luxurious. Luxury. Yeah.

Yeah, the gold robot from Futurama. Yeah. Heednism bot. So he was given that power because he helped take care of one of Dionys, his friends, a sadder. He saved him. And so he's like, oh, what do you want? He's like, I want everything I touch turns to gold. And then it ended up being a curse.

And in one version, he gets the curse removed. in another, he does not. Oh. Yeah. The Golden Girls was not the first show starring Ruth McClanahan and Betty White together. Oh. What show were they on together?

Oh. It has to, I think it's a variety show. You think so? I just don't know what's it called. Well, I mean, I'm just trying to think of just shows that we know Betty White was on maybe as a better way to go. Yeah, but I don't know. I mean, that's as far as my TV knowledge stops.

Oh. Oh, is a Mary Tyler Moore show is what I was going to guess, but that's not early 80s. Karen. Empty nest. No. It is Mama's family. Oh, yes.

That's right because they're related. Yes. So, wait. Well, who was Betty White on Mama's family? She was Mama's, gosh, was it niece or sister? Okay. And it's funny, Betty White was the man-hungry one. And Rue McClanahan was the, like, more demure one.

Chaste. They actually had reversed roles when they first. got cast for Golden Girls. Betty White was going to be Blanche. Oh, really? She's going to be the man-eater? Yeah. And Rue McClanahan was going to be Rose.

Oh, my God. I can't imagine that. Me neither. I can't. I cannot imagine that differently. Oh, my God. Betty White is the perfect Rose. Yeah.

So the Golden Girls spun off three other sitcoms. There were three spinoffs from the Golden Girls. One was the Golden Palace. Okay. That's where they, like, bought a hotel. Yeah. And Don Cheedle was in that. Don Cheedle.

I don't remember that. Wow. Yeah. Another one was called Nurses. Okay. And then what other show? I think Karen just said it, I think. Is it empty nest?

It was empty nest, yes. He was their neighbor, right? Yeah. Yeah, the neighbor. There was a doctor. And so nurses kind of came from. Oh, so nurses was like a second level. Yeah.

Wow. Productive show. Beautiful. Besides color, what's the difference between golden raisins and regular raisins? Colin So in the U.S., golden raisins are, they're the same raisins, but they're just, there's sulfur dioxide in them when they're, when they're dehydrating them. They're made from the same raisins.

Oh, yeah. They're not green grapes. No. Well, both, both come from like those regular Thompson seedless green grapes. Exactly. Wait, the black purple raisins are made from green grapes? Yes. I'm out of here.

Karen's gone. She just left a little caring-shaped outline in the wall. According to the raisin council, the oxidation and caramelization of the sugars when they dry out in the sun is what makes them have the natural dark brown black exterior. But they are the same raisins as the golden raisins. The golden raisins are turned really quickly with chemicals and machinery. But I do know that like in like the UK, though, for our UK listeners and other. They're sultanas, right. Yeah, they're freaky, which just naturally dry.

It's a different grape. They're not the Thompson Seed list. They naturally dry that kind of light golden color. But yeah, in the U.S., that blew my mind too, Karen. I was like, wait, what? They're the same. They look so different. How did I live?

I'm 34. I can't believe I'd learn about this now. That's the beauty of trivia. You just keep learning things. All my. Sorts of facts. Goodness. The British Gold Coast.

Braddenberger Gold Coast, Danish Gold Coast, Dutch Gold Coast, Portuguese Gold Coast, and Swedish Gold Coast are all names for colonies and what African country? Whoa. Wow, what country has been colonized like so many times. Karen. Ivory Coast. Close. Is that Ghana? Ghana is next to the Ivory Coast, which is also next to what was once called the Slave Coast.

Oh, jeez. So they would just name them after what they exported from there. Wow. I knew that Ghana had been a gold coast, like before that. I didn't know it had been so many different gold coasts. Wow. All right. What food product was dubbed black gold in New Zealand after the main production factory was shut down for repairs?

Karen. Vegemite? So close. Oh, yeah. Marmite. Marmite. Marmite. I didn't know they're different.

I mean, like, are they brand names or is it the same stuff? So I have to be careful here because if you ask a kiwi, they will like cut you. They taste different. Like, marmite tastes different from begemite. To them. Okay. To them, to them it tastes different. All I know is they're different.

I've only ever had begemite, but I know I know that they're different. Yeah, they're different. So there was a shortage? There was a shortage. So one of the factories kind of broke down. And then there was a run on them in the stores. And they were selling out, and people were like, and they called it Marmageddon. That was another thing they called it.

That's so good. That's so good. Marmageddon. You said you've had Vegemite before? I have had Vegemite before. It just tasted like salty mold. Yeah. It's like a byproduct from the beer process.

It's like yeasty, it's black. Salty. I can see it being an acquired taste. Like if I'd been having it every day since I was five, I might feel differently. Yeah. And then you care about the difference between the brands. It's true. Makes a difference. All right. So the congressional gold medal in the U.S. is awarded persons who've performed an achievement that has an impact on American history and culture that is likely to be recognized as a major achievement in the recipients field long after the achievement. Like somebody did a legacy thing. And both the Senate and the Congress have to agree, two-thirds majority before they even think about it. Like everybody has to agree that what you did was noteworthy.

It's like our knighthood. Yeah, it's a big deal. Oh, okay. Yeah, that's a good analogy. Yeah, there's a presidential one, and there's like kind of less, maybe fewer hoops to go through to get that one. Still important work, but yeah. So the last group to get the congressional gold medal got it in 2015. Okay.

There was also a movie in 2014 based on them. Can you guys guess who got? It's too late for the code talkers, right? Yeah, I'll say in Navajo, one talker. No, it's too late. But there's a movie in 2014. Oh, is it... Colin.

Is it, is it, uh, the Tuskegee Airmen? No. Too late for that, too, probably. There was a movie. Yeah. Yeah, yeah, also too late for that. Okay. The movie was 2014.

Yeah. Was it a survivor, a survival or a, uh, was a group and they're American? Sealed Team 6? No. Was it, was it the, the, the hostages from Iran? Iran? No. I don't know. It was the Selma to Montgomery marchers. Oh, Selma. They got a congressional Medal of Honor for their contribution. So all those people? Do they give a medal to all the people who marched? So, okay, so sometimes people get the medal and it has their picture on it,

like an individual's picture will be on it. And it's like, for you, everybody gets their own. And so the Selma marchers, it's a bunch of little people on there. I don't know. I can't tell. It's a group. It's a group award. It's a group award. Yeah, well, yeah, it's weird if it's individual because you need a lot of bodies to march, right? If you're just that one person. It's true. It's true. Okay.

And I'll end it with one more question. This is a presidential question. This is part of our study. All right, all right. We take our medicine. Yes. What coin did President Theodore Roosevelt put into circulation and President Franklin Roosevelt removed from circulation? Ooh.

Oh, Karen. Okay. Karen. Two cent. No. because there's loonies and tunis It was Roosevelt put into circulation and who took out And Franklin Roosevelt took it out

So it's not the silver dollar It's oh The Buffalo Nickel No Remember the theme Right gold Yeah Oh the golden dollar

Is it the Liberty dollar? Is that what it is? What are we missing? It's the Indian head? gold piece. What is that? So it's out of circulation. It's been out of circulation for a while. So Theater or Reservout had a friend who was a sculptor, and he wanted to, he was like,

you know what, it would be cool, more coins. I could hook you up. I know a guy. I know a coin guy. It makes beautiful things. It was really hard to make these coins. And it used gold, and gold became kind of scarce resource during the Depression and stuff like that.

And they had, like, different denominations of it. It's beautiful coin, and it's very highly collectible. But, yeah, it got pulled out of circulation. You know what we need more coin. It would be cool. He also, he made it because he was like, oh, you know what else would be awesome? Is if we could just change the pattern on it without talking to Congress too much. Like we could, we don't need to like go through all the road.

Yeah, yeah. We can just backdoor this process. It's fine. I'm president, yo. I like that. The Roosevelt to Roosevelt. I like that. Yeah.

It's cool. Good job, you guys. All right, I've got a story for you guys that I had read a long time ago. I don't know. I don't remember where I first stumbled across it. But I recently re-stumbled across it again. I do that a lot. Yeah.

With Wikipedia entries and the links are all purple. And I was like, oh, I've seen this one. I think I read this one in a collection of hoaxes that I had years ago. So we'll get there. I may be tipping my hand a little bit. All right. On the morning, this is all true. This is all true. So in the morning of May 18th, 1864, okay, so Civil War era here going on. And Associated Press story ran as the headline, the lead on the New York World and the Journal of Commerce. These are two New York City newspapers. Big papers back then. Well, you know, I mean, New York has always been a multiple newspaper town, especially.

actually was then, that these papers reported that President Abraham Lincoln had authorized a draft of 400,000 men to join the Union Army fighting the Civil War, and that conscription was to begin immediately. Now, needless to say, this is big news. This is pretty big news. 400,000 men immediate call up, you know, to go fight this terrible war. Unfortunately, for these two newspapers, this was false. Oh. And the New York. world in the Journal of Commerce for the only two papers to print this alleged AP story. Uh-oh. And Lincoln just went bananas.

Like, he was pissed. He was, I mean, just like, by Lincoln standards, he was, he was super angry. A good way to make everybody freak out and not trust you. A good way to make people freak out and not trust you. Absolutely. The government, of course, had issued a statement saying, like, no, there is not an immediate draft of 400,000 men going on. But, yeah, people were in an uproar.

a tizzy, what's going on? And eventually, the roots of this hoax were discovered. The authorities worked their way back in just a couple of days arresting Joseph Howard Jr. and Francis Mallison. And these men were, respectively, the editor of and a reporter for the Brooklyn Eagle newspaper. They were the masterminds of this hoax, planting this and creating this fake story. And this whole thing was essentially a get-rich-quick scam. How? Okay. How?

All right. What they had anticipated was that news of a huge new draft would cause a lot of turmoil and uncertainty in the markets, meaning the financial markets, specifically driving up the cost of gold. And, you know, I mean, we still see this today, in fact. And so what they had done is prior to this fake story, they went and purchased millions of dollars worth of gold on margin, meaning they'd only have to pay for it if the gold went down in value.

Whoa, it's like the producers, but with gold. So, yes, these are the actions of men who have a very high degree of confidence that the price of gold is going to go up. Just a year prior to this, there had been draft riots right there in New York City. So they kind of had an idea that what kind of, you know, affect this news would happen. So they crafted a fake AP story. and they had their, you know, kind of their newsrunner, career boy delivery service, deliver the new, deliver this fake story to as many of the newspapers as they could.

And, you know, and keep in mind, there's a lot of papers, right? So deliver this as many papers as they could, but here's the rub. They planned the story, delivered as late as they possibly could, before the printing deadline. Oh, so it would minimize the chance that someone's going to verify it, going to maybe double check it. It's so devious. Like, oh, it's just, we got to get it out. Yep, got to get it out.

And sure enough, it's like, it's a big story comes in right at the deadline. Like, what do you do if you're, you know, and step the press is. Right, right, right, right. And, you know, sure enough, at those two papers, their news editors had already left for the night. So it was basically just up to the foreman running the press is like, man, do we go with the story? Do we not? They went with the story. But, yeah.

Unfortunately for them, this is one of those stories that could really only happen at a specific point in time. Like today, you know, you'd check Twitter or you'd call your friend at the AP and like, hey, is this real? And you would figure it out. So two things. So one, exactly as Howard and Mallison had planned, the price of gold shot up and they sold their investments and they cleaned house. They made a ton of money. So they won. Well, so they won for a day until the authorities basically tracked them down.

So now, so back up a little bit. As I say, when the story hit, Lincoln was super mad. He was really upset about this. So he ordered both of the... Yeah, what could he do? Well, I mean, you know, he could do a lot as president. He ordered both of the newspapers shut down immediately. He had the owners thrown in jail.

He had the editors of the papers thrown in jail. Oh, no. By this time... For treason... Howard and Mallison... It's like the foreman's did it, too. The foremen were the ones who did it. The editors didn't even know.

They didn't have telephones. Did they? He's thinking, you know, he's... Well, they certainly had wire service it, but he's thinking that they at least had the power. And at this time, of course, when they had arrested Howard and Mallison, he had them thrown in jail. Everyone's in jail at this point. Yeah, those guys should be in jail. And they battle it out.

There was a fair amount of public outcry over the newspaper guys being thrown in jail because they're like, look, we can show you this fake story that we got. Yes, we screwed up, but it was an honest mistake. We don't deserve to be in jail. It's these fraudsters. Yeah, we're not the ones trying to jack up the. price of gold by, yeah, it's not us. Who became a millionaire yesterday. It wasn't me.

I wish. So they, Lincoln basically relented and had, yes, okay, he had the newspaper guys released. He allowed them to resume operations. But Howard and Malison stayed in jail. They were, I mean, honestly, they got off pretty light, I have to say. They were in jail for just three months. It was three months. That was it.

And it's, what about their money? Well, they had to make restitution, I think, on some of it. unclear as to what all their games were. It's, you know, I mean, the laws around like insider trading weren't really as robust as they are today. It feels like treason, oh. Yeah, I would say treason. It sounds like they were let out of jail, at least in part, because of some powerful

friends. Basically, you know, like, Lincoln, hey, come on. Yeah, exactly. Of course, because of powerful friends. So, in partly that, and partly for maybe another reason, which I'll get to here in a second. So, right. So they cleared it up.

I'm sure that all of the newspapers put in, you know, better protocols at that point. I mean, but, you know, like, kudos to the other newspapers that didn't run with it, you know, that either it was too fishy for them or maybe they just got there too late. But, you know, good on them for not being baited by this fake story. All right. So can you guys guess the sad, kind of sad, funny, ironic twist such as it is to this whole story? Sad, funny, ironic twist. They got drafted. That would be even better.

I sounded old, though. Close. No, the twist was that shortly after this whole kerfuffle, Lincoln did, in fact, authorize a draft for several hundred thousand new soldiers to join the army and go fight. Oh, no. That makes even more sense why he was upset that it got. He's like my plan. He's like that. Yeah.

Yep. That's true. There are some people who kind of theorized that like, oh, maybe he was going to do it earlier and got an idea of how much this was going to be an outroar or. and delayed it a little bit. And perhaps, you know, maybe that's a reason why he let them out of jail after three months because he'd look maybe like a little hypocritical. Yeah. Weird.

So, yeah, that's a long way to go to drive up the price of gold and fairly selfish and a little dangerous. It works. It did work. That's the crazy thing. It worked. They must have been just mad with glee, just high-fiving each other. They're like, they did it. They ran it.

And I have to say they're smart in not running. it themselves in their own newspaper, you know, because that would look even fishier. Fishier. Yeah, it might have taken them one day to catch them instead of two days. Yeah, so this is called the Civil War gold hoax if you're curious and reading more about it. All right. Let's take a quick break. A word from our sponsors.

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We love to be surprised by science news. So, for instance, I learned on our own show that I had been driving around with precious metals in my truck before it was stolen. That was brought up in our show about precious metals and also rare metals like most of the things in your catalytic converter. I was surprised to learn that we may begin naming heat waves like we do hurricanes. You know, prepare yourself for heatwave Lucifer. I don't think I can prepare myself for that.

Look, we like surprising our listeners. We like surprising ourselves by reporting new developments in science. And while asking the big picture questions about what? why they matter and how they will affect our lives today and in the future. Well, we can't affect lives in the past, right? No, I guess that's a point. So the podcast is called Big Picture Science, and you can hear it wherever you get your podcasts. We are the host.

Seth is a scientist. I'm a science journalist, and we talk to people smarter than us. We hope you'll take a listen. And we're back. You're listening. Good job, Bray. And this week we're talking about things that are gold. So my first pet.

that ever had was a goldfish And his name was ready Actually, its name was ready Because I don't know if ready was a girl or a boy Ready's a tough fish Ready the color Yeah

Not like ready for action No yeah When you're a kid you're like I'm gonna name this From the color it is He's red Your name is ready Ready goldfish

And so I got I'll just say spiritually it feels like a Like a boy Okay You look very masculine sure sure um i got mad like a school fair i don't think it's the scoopy the the scoopy goldfish thing but somehow i like a little like a little like a booth or something yeah it wasn't a scoopy game

but it was another game where you had to like somehow get the fish that's a pretty common prize yeah i got it home and i didn't know anything about fish i put them in like an aluminum bowl with water in it and that was it and i went to school the next day i came back and i was like oh no the fish is gone from the bowl what happened and I was like minding my own business and then my dad came home I was like dad what happened to my fish my fish is gone I was like I didn't touch it and then we realized Reddy jumped out of the ball and was underneath the couch this whole time oh my god it was still alive what just like flipping and flopping around no just laying there I could not believe it yeah a gymnast fish and that fish just

lived for a really long time. How long are we talking? Like hours. Oh my god. I don't know how. I don't know what happened or what the conditions. You got like super fish. Yeah. Ready lived a long time. It was just a tough fish. Then it's like, oh, we got to get him a tank, a real tank. And then my parents got, my parents really got into it. It's like, oh, we got to get plants and the stone. Oh, there's an aquarium store nearby. Well, let's get some more fish. And then it just became a thing. Okay. Now you guys are fish people. Yeah. And also we have an aquarium. and Reddy has a lot of friends. Anyways, so I want to talk about goldfish. Okay. Goldfish, they seem so simple, but they're a lot more complex. All right.

More to meet the eye. Okay. Like transformers. Goldfish originate from China. Okay. Okay. Okay. I kind of make sense.

You have something like coy. They're related to coy. They're related. We're all within the carp family. Okay. So from China, the proto goldfish was a type of it's called Asian carp

Okay And it's it's kind of a boring drab Gray carpish Coy-ish type of fish And people kept them Not as pets but for food Okay Oh really

In tanks at home How big were they? They were they they range Okay Around coy size Like there's some meat on a coy Yeah there's like around Coy size maybe smaller

Okay We're talking about like old China And once it was the most common fish eaten in China because it's just like in homes and you just you breed them and you have them for food that's your food source and because of weird genetic mutation once in a while the boring gray Asian carp will spawn a colorful fish and it's a genetic mutation it's bright orange or bright red or bright yellow colors and so now without human involvement at all if these fish were in the wild those colorful fish are the ones

to die first, right? Because they stand out to predators. Yes, because the predators can be like, wow, look at that big red thing in the middle of all this great thing. He's like, no, didn't you read it means that poisonous? Stay away. Genetic mutation. So it was actually recorded. I mean, obviously it was probably noticed years and years before, or dozens of years, but recorded in China in 300 AD that these colorful mutations started happening.

And so, well, because the fish were popping out of the fish tanks, you know, people, like, started releasing the colorful ones into ponds to keep them, you know, is a very Buddhist mentality to, like, kind of, you know, spare one life. And so people still ate the gray ones, the gray ones, but, you know, the rare, the colorful ones, they put a pond or whatever. So why goldfish? Like, we say goldfish, but, like, in my mind, my first thought is ready, who's red. Or I think of, like, the white and orange spotty with the bubble brain and the eyes. You know, I mean, like, I don't know about you, Dana. Like, for me, as a kid, I always just made sense of, like, well, they shimmer. They shimmer like gold.

That's how I made sense of it. I don't know. What about you? I think most of the ones I saw were golden color. Like, orangey. Yeah. Oh, okay. So it was just close enough for you.

I was like, oh, okay, goldfish. Okay, okay. And sometimes there's white ones and those are the weird ones. And there's, like, all black ones and there's, like, panda ones. Yeah. Not like panda colors. The ones that are part panda. Yeah, the ones that are part panda.

Not yet anyway. I'll make that happen, science. Yeah, come on, science. Goldfish literally in Chinese, goldfish. It is, you know, just goldfish. That's what it is. And this is because in 1162, the empress of the Song Dynasty in China, you know, when she was in charge, citizens who are not royalty or of the royal family are forbidden to keep. any of these bright colored fish if they're yellow.

Yellow is the imperial color. Oh, separate from orange. Separate from orange, separate from red. Okay. So the normal household, you can keep red and orange, but you are not allowed to keep yellow because that's for the royal family. Yellow's tied to the colored gold. Did they have to, like, give it to them, or they just had to eat that one?

You have to eat it. Maybe, maybe both, or they just kill it. I don't know. There's probably some anti-imperialist family is like, yeah, we're eating this one. Yeah. The yellow varieties were not okay. And since there are way more people in China who are not part of the royal family, we end up with more orange and red fish. It still happens.

But you don't see yellow as often. But that was where the namesake was the gold, the yellow fit. That's the most prized one. That makes, that makes, that makes sense. That makes sense. People just have to have ponds, and by the 1500s, people realize that they can put fish in bowls. And that's more affordable. I don't have to carve out a part of my backyard and make a pond and release the fish and then maybe have something else eat the fish.

Well, I mean, it's not just bowls, but right. It's like it's, you know, a fancy bowl. It's better if you can look through it too, right? Right now, fish bowls are considered animal cruelty or not nice to the animal because it stunts their growth. I mean, unless you have a fish bowl with, like, the tank that shoots, like, oxygen, oxygenous water or there's algae in it, you know, but just your classic, just that glass bowl. That, like, far side cartoon. Yeah. It's actually not nice to the fish.

And a lot of countries, it's not legal to have your fish. Yep. In 1500s is when people started breeding different, even more mutations and even crazier goldfish than just breeding and breeding. That's why we have, like, the bubble brains. And what they call telescope eyes, where their eyeballs are like so far apart. Yeah. Their tails are longer and fancy. I did not realize it was the result of just breeding, basically.

Yeah. It's just fun. Now there's so many varieties. And it's so, it has, I mean, time is, a lot of time has passed. It's so far from what the proto, what the original carp. Yeah. I mean, like, if you were going to, like, eat them, you would, it would take like a good dozen or so. They're tiny now.

So the thing about the tank stunting the growth, have you heard about the goldfish in Lake Tahoe? No. Like, people would go to Tahoe and they'd have fish as pets over like the holiday during summer and they put it in the lake. Right, I've heard this. And I've looked it up because I told somebody this and they were like, no. And then we found the articles. And yes, the goldfish become massive. Yeah.

They'll grow to as big as they can. They get really big. Really, really big. You guys should Google it. I don't know the exact weight, but it's like a. That's great. A woman has to hold it with two hands, two arms, like a bigger than a baby. It's like, I'm living in your bathtub now.

Yeah, it's like a toddler size. Toddler, goldfish, yeah. And goldfish are invasive species. Yeah. They are invasive species. A lot of carp in general, right, are pretty aggressive, I think. So you might see a goldfish and you're like, oh, okay, that's cool. It's a pretty fish.

It's a fat fish, like a fat show fish. Goalfish are... Who's that fish think it is? Goldfish are way more advanced than we give them credit for. So, first of all, goldfish eyes. You might associate, like, mice or rats as, like, lab animals, but goldfish are a popular lab animal, specifically in the field of visual perception and cognition. Huh.

Really? And this is from the BBC. Goldfish, they can perceive the same colors as humans can. Oh, really? Not even all primates can do that. Goldfish making them an ideal study animal to study vision and color. Interesting. And the scary part is baby goldfish, just like baby humans, they have trouble seeing the color blue when they're young.

And then it gets better as they age. Humans do that too. Their color sensors are analogous to human color sensors. Interesting. How weird is that? Yeah. It's so far from the spectrum, you know. It seems like it would be so rudimentary compared to our field division, yeah.

I wonder why they need to be able, well, maybe because there's so many colors of goldfish. They got to, like, we got to. I think fish in general have, I think pretty good eyesight in terms of color. But goldfish have like abnormally a human level. They just really can see and process. Not only that process, that information. Goldfish are super smart and you can train them. Right.

Do tricks. So I am pretty sure, and you'll correct me, right? It's not true the whole thing about goldfish memory is only like 30 seconds, right? No, they are not Dory. Yeah. Their memory, they can remember up to, according to a science report, three months. Okay. And they can, but they can relearn that information.

Okay. You know what I mean? So, yeah, yeah, yeah. You know, on the end of your three months, you do the thing again. It's going to have another. Right. Constantly do it. It's, yeah.

They have really strong learning ability. for themselves and for their school or for their goldfish buddies and because of their good vision they're able to identify individual humans so if you your family you have a goldfish tank they're gonna be the they're gonna be super nice

and cute to the one that gives you food it knows which one of you jerks is tapping on the bowl it knows yeah and it knows when to beg for food according to the person And they can, yeah, they're like crows. That's, wow. You can treat them. And they shape sounds, they can remember that.

There's a little, little plump thing. Huh. Can do all that. They can perform tricks. And going back to the invasive species thing, BBC also said, so in 2001, a study found that they introduced like a goldfish to a pond. And the goldfish, which are not carnivorous, they eat the pellets or, or, you know, grassy stuff, algae stuff, they started eating the eggs and larva of the long-toed salamander.

They normally don't eat eggs, but if they see other fish feeding on them, then they know that's food. So they'll learn, oh, we better eat that. If one goldfish gets it, figures it out. If one goldfish sees it out, then sooner or later all the other goldfish will start eating the eggs. And also, sometimes they're used to fight against mosquito illnesses that are, yeah, blood, yeah, blood diseases. In the breeding grounds, they'll eat the, yeah, so like stagnant water, you know, West Nile virus, they'll release some goldfish and they'll eat the mosquito larvae. However, this is bad, you know, just like the Lake Tahoe thing. You know, you don't want to set the goldfish. You get a massive goldfish. Isn't that crazy? I really had no idea they were that advanced or had that. No. pun intended colorful of history one last thing okay one last thing so uh goldfish in the labs are also used

to understand alcohol alcohol effects on the brain and the body and that's because the concentration of alcohol in their blood system is almost the same as the alcoholic content in the water they're swimming in so it's really easy to test behavior to get them drunk they make the solution and have them swim in it They're not swimming in like pure vodka, you know, but they would make a solution and they would record behavioral traits and stuff. And, um, party tank. According to a 1969, uh, research, uh, turns out fish swimming in a bourbon solution are more impaired than those splashing around in vodka.

Yeah. Well, I mean, it's a darker liquor, you know, it's, yeah, that's what they say. And they need some little goggles. It's, yeah. Yeah. Yeah. So there you go. with some goldfish gold i'm impressed man i mean they got good memory you know good eyesight they're swimming in bourbon now i just want to train goldfish seriously yeah i wonder how you

train them like what do you have to do so you can you just keep repeating so they're really good at positive reinforcement so some people can train to like if you put your hand they'll like come up to your hand and eat off of your hand maybe you i don't i don't i got to youtube this Maybe they can spin. I don't know, but they recognize you. And if you keep doing, you know. You're like, oh, you get the best food. Yeah, yeah.

We got one last nugget of gold. Ah, I see what you did there. Why do you have to call out my pawns call? Oh, I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I thought that's what we were doing here. Yeah, I'll close this out here. I've got a little, very short grab bag quiz for you guys.

Oh, my God. That's the gold fit. We, wow. Dana has just. Dana has just brought up a photo of a goldfish that a person, it seriously is using two hands to hold this thing. It looks like the size of an infant. The USDA had a...

Wow. There's so many other fish in Tahoe. I can't top an infant-sized goldfish in terms of just pure spectacle. That's bigger than infant size. That's a toddler. That's my pig. That's my pig. I can't, well, I surely can't top pig.

sized goldfish in terms of pure spectacle but what I do have for you guys is a grab bag quiz about gold the substance itself the thing all right get your buzzers ready what is the difference specifically okay between 18 carrot gold and 24 carrot gold Karen one has less gold okay okay Okay. You're halfway there. Yes. It's like, the 18 carrot, yeah. And now what do you mean by, by, yeah. It's, it's mixed with something else. Periody, you think? No, it's like, I thought the measurement is like how much it's mixed with. I don't know what's it. Oh, okay. All right. Okay. Dana, you want to elaborate or are you, I mean, we're like halfway there. Yeah. It's, it generally it is that it's, it's less gold. It's right. The 18 karat gold has, has, has less gold by mass, pure gold.

Okay. So, so what, what it is. is basically it's a percentage scale. It's a very old-timey percentage scale. Not used that much anymore to the extent that it's used at all. It's only in the U.S., in the U.S., in the U.K., yeah, it's out of 24 possible units. So 18-carat gold is 75% pure gold by mass, not by volume, by mass. That's a lot of math. Right, exactly.

And, you know, so you don't tend to typically see... So 12 is 50%. Right. So 12-carat gold. And that's carrot with a K, by the way. Not to be confused with carrot with a C, which you use for like gemstones. Diamonds, yeah. Right.

Yeah, it's just, it's a measurement of how pure is the gold by mass. Of how fine, how fineness. It's a measure of fineness. How fine is the gold. Okay. Yeah. So 24-carat gold. So what's the other stuff it's mixed?

with um you know i mean it can be a lot of different alloys you know um just to just not one specific thing it's not one specific thing right there's a variety of things that it could be alloyed with that's right mm-hmm yeah and so so 24-carat gold technically is 100% pure gold by mass but in practice that's actually really hard to get so in practice what we call 24-carat gold is is accepted to be 999 1,000th percentage pure or you know per thousand Pousandth pure gold, right. We'll round up. Yeah, we'll round up.

We'll give them the benefit of a doubt. What is the primary claim to fame of Sutter's Mill, California? Karen. Home of the gold rush? That is indeed correct. Wow. Yep, Sutter's Mill. I thought it was Eureka.

Sutter's Mill, yeah, it was a sawmill owned by John Sutter, and it was on the the fork of the South Fork of the American River Not too far from here Yeah Just a little bit east of Sacramento That's right in Coloma, California And that was where gold Was first discovered in California

And kicked off the gold rush Yeah, in of course In 1848 And that is what triggered the rush of the 49ers That is why our football team is named the 49ers People did find a lot of gold People found so much gold they yeah so in 1848 okay so in 1848 right before the discovery of gold in California

the population of California was was like 20,000 people oh my god it's pretty sparse yeah in four years four years after the discovery of gold the population was 225,000 people it was crazy yeah it was yeah I mean millions of dollars of gold extracted yeah millions of dollars of gold but once it's gone it's gone right I mean, once it's ultimately gone, it's gone, like, when you find certain mother loads. I went, you know, I went years ago when I was a kid. I went panning for gold with a family friend, actually. I mean, it was just like a novelty thing.

Like, we weren't like, oh, we're going to strike it rich and quit our jobs as, you know, elementary school kids. It was like a weekend thing. And, like, we got the little gold pans and he, and, you know, family friend, he taught us how to do it. And, you know, at the end of the day, I think one of like the six of us found one. It was like the tiniest, tiniest little, it was like, I mean,

to call it a flake even overstated how big it was. Yeah, it was like a sand grain at best. Yeah. We went, yeah, we did that in fourth grade

to go panning. I wasn't the lucky winner. I think somebody else found the sand grade. I wonder if fourth graders, um, fourth graders still do it. I don't know.

It was a long time. I think, yeah, it probably depends on how close you live to, yeah. Uh, what makes white gold? white

Dana It's an alloy mixed with something else Yeah Yeah That's right It's the addition of a white colored alloy

Yeah Okay Not platinum Not you wouldn't typically Mix platinum with the gold To make it Because platinum is so precious On its own

But yeah I mean Nickel is common Sometimes silver It will be You can make it With a little bit of silver Or zinc even But that's right

Yeah It's just pure quote gold Mixed with a white colored alloy To make it a little bit lighter And usually I was reading, you know, white gold, not just white gold. They'll do this with silver too, but white gold will be coated in rhodium, which is another precious metal, another expensive precious metal. But it's especially hard and durable.

So it kind of makes the white gold ring just a little more durable. Do you know if it's from Rhodia? No, former Rhodesia. No, it takes its name, I guess, originally, because when it was discovered or first identified, it was dissolved in aqua regia and the precipitate was kind of like a rose gold color so reddish like road like reddish not unlike Karen's hair

for instance all right last one last question gold of course is a very dense it is a dense element but is it the most dense question mark no I'll tell you it's not the most dense but put these elements in order of density

You guys can each guess if you want. All right. So get out. Get out your writing implement. All right. And you are going to put these elements into order of density from least dense to most dense. Okay. Okay.

All right. Lead, gold, tungsten. I'll also accept Wolfram. Okay. Platinum. Lead, gold, tungsten. tungsten platinum from least dense to most dense you guys can work on this one together if you like Karen's up at the whiteboard here deep in thought it's got the access from D to LD I have a guess okay all right go for it I would this is like out of nowhere this is totally just the stab in the dark all right okay I go tungsten gold lead platinum so I've guessed.

Okay, Karen, what's your guess? Platinum tungsten lead gold. Platinum tungsten lead gold, gold being the most dense of those. Okay, all right. No, neither of you is correct. Yeah. I actually gave them to you in their order. Yeah, a little bit of a trick there.

Yes, that is lead is less dense than gold, which is less dense than tungsten. Gold and tungsten are very, very similar in density. They're almost the same. And then platinum, yeah, in fact, is more dense than all of those up there. You know, I mean, like we associate lead with kind of being really heavy and gold. Yeah, I think about a pencil. It's like we don't often have that much of a chunk of platinum in our hands to feel it. Yeah.

Platinum, in fact, is almost the densest sort of natural element. You know, I'm not talking about the ones that are either theoretical or created in a lab for, you know, a femtosecond or something like that. Yeah. Only eridium and osmium of sort of the natural, everyday household elements are denser than platinum. But yeah, gold is, you know, it's dense.

It's dense, but it's not the densest. Tunctin and platinum. Tungsten and platinum, bringing it. All right. You guys pass with a gold star. Yay! For both of you. For participation.

Yeah. Two gold stars. You can fight over the second one. Wait, we each get one. That's how it works. Cool. All right. And that's our show.

Thank you guys for joining me and thank you guys, listeners, for listening in. You hope you learn a lot of stuff about gold, about my baby ready, about raisins, about Civil War gold hoax, and more. You can find our show on iTunes, Stitcher, SoundCloud, Spotify, and on our website, good job, brain.com. And we'll see you guys next week. Bye. That's Ackyweather Daily, wherever you get your podcasts.