Good Job, Brain! - 231: In Circles

Episode Date: April 19, 2022

Our first episode dedicated to a shape! Facts and quizzes about things that are circular, spherical, and round. Take the International House of Food Balls quiz and learn about the worldly origins of Taiwanese boba milk tea. Colin shares a harrowing tale about the manhole cover that might have flown into outer space. Round shapes you'd want to nerd out about, turn tables, and a Wordle-inspired listener challenge! Good Job, Brain is part of the Airwave Media podcast network. For advertising inquiries, please contact [e-mail]! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You're listening to an Airwave Media podcast. Hello, quizzical quick quibbler's quivering for quiddity about quicksilver, quinine, and quinces. This is good job, Brain, your weekly quiz show and off-be trivia podcast. Today's show is episode 231, and of course, I am your humble host, Karen, and we are your youthful yogis yonering about yogurt, yolks, and yachtoseconds. I'm Colin. I'm Dana. And I'm Chris.

Yachtosecond. What division is that, Karen? It is one septillionth of a second, which is 10 to the negative 24. Fantastic. Wow. Since I got this list open, let me share some. I think for us, we all have heard of nanosecond. Yeah.

Past that, we have picosecond, femtosecond. I've heard of those for sure. Atto second, A-T-O-A-T-O-Sectom, Zepto-Sectom, Yachto-Sectin. They all sound like weird Star Wars characters. They do. Well, approximately one Femtosecond to go, I didn't think I was going to be on this week's episode, uh, because we were on vacation, uh, this weekend, but we just, we got home a little early. I got home and then I'm like, wait a minute, it's like one. I can, I can jump on this

episode after all. Yay! Yay, I'm here. And I've prepared nothing. So we'll just, I'll just sort of post along and you're like, you're like the in studio kind of the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, right. You're in So, I was at, I was actually at, it's a place called Great Wolf Lodge. It's this chain, basically, like, imagine a Vegas hotel resort casino, but, like, for kids. As you upgrade your hotel rooms, you don't upgrade them to, like, penthouse suites and stuff like that. You upgrade them so that there's, like, more weird stuff in it for the kids. So, like, there's, like, a, weird. The kids, like, slept in a little cabin, like, kind of that was inside the room called, like, Wiley's.

then you could upgrade that to more of a cottage sort of thing, you know? And there's a big indoor water park and just all this kind of stuff that you can do. But the most interesting thing we did is this thing called Magic Quest. And it's basically like it's like it's a video role-playing game that just takes place throughout the entire building. Whoa, like a scavenger hunt kind of. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So you buy a, it's like, it's like, it's like wow, basically.

It's like you buy a magic wand. and then your magic wand has a little IR sensor in it and so when you wave the magic wand at any of the various stations or things all around the place it knows who you are and where you're at on your quest you see like there's a big video screens and it's like I bet you we know some of the people who've made this like I'm not really sure who made this but it's like a video game

and it's like the characters come out and they're just like oh tiny tiny magi you're here to to save our beautiful forest we need you to go find the disco pine cone and the funky fungus in the forest and bring me back those things. And so it's like instead of like a fetch quest of now we're running all over the lobby and all over the whole resort basically looking for this mushroom and this hive of honey and you wave your wand at it to collect it. So you bring all the stuff back and it's like, oh, now you've created this ruin. Oh no, something's going on in whispering woods. better get over there than you run over there and there's a boss fight and you use the

runes that you put together to like fight this boss and like they've got an energy meter you got to do all the stuff right with your wand and it took us like I don't know like four hours I would say oh my god they like spread across you know the vacation to do the whole thing that you can beat the final boss and get the ending and the the end and all that kind of stuff and it's it was it was just, it was really fun. It was like this, you know, like, kind of, you know, small role-playing game, but, like, had you running all around to collect items and bring them back to various stations and things like that. Who had more fun, Chris, out of your whole family? Like, did you have the most fun? No, no, no, no, our two-year-old had the most fun. Oh, really? Because there's

a water park in there. So, I mean, she's just like, wah! You know. Oh, yeah. All right, without further ado, let's jump into our first general trivia segment, pop quiz, hot-shy. I have a random Trivial Pursuit card, and you guys have your barnyard buzzers ready. Here we go. Let's answer some questions. Blue Edge for Geography. In which European city would you find the Luxembourg Gardens and the Latin Quarter? Colin.

Paris. You are correct. It is Paris. Pink Wedge for pop culture. According to the Simpsons series creator, Matt Graining, who are Homer, Marge, Lisa, and Maggie named after? Oh, come on. Yeah, yeah.

Chris. Renaissance painters. It's members of his family. Yep, his parents and sisters. So really he is Bart. All right, Yellow Wedge, which religious leader was born Jorge Mario Burgoglio? Sorry, let me say that. Jorge Mario, yeah, Bergoglio.

Oh, oh. I want to say this is Pope Francis? Correct, it is. Okay. Pope Francis. Purple Wedge, which American author's first novel is set in Pamplona, Spain? Colin. That seems like Hemingway is a safe guest.

Yes. Ernest Hemingway. Yes, Ernest. Him and his multi-toed cat. Do you know what book it was, his first novel? Here's where I have to admit I have actually read, not all the many Hemingways. Sun also rises? Yes, it is the sun also rises.

Greenwich for science. What is the name of the transparent layer that forms the front of the human eye? Chris. The cornea. Yes. I get to confuse with acquiesce humor, which I think that's just like inside your right. Yeah, that's like the jelly.

Yeah, yeah. Yeah. All right. Last question. Orange Wedge. Sports, good old sports. In NFL football, it says. Yeah.

In NFL football. That's what the card says. That's the national football. Yeah. To contrast it with CFL football, Karen. Yes. Yeah. XFL.

Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Okay. What is the rule called that states that a receiver must keep full control of the ball, even after hitting the ground. What is the rule called? The rule that says you have to keep full control of ball, even after hitting the ground. Holding.

You have to maintain football control, right? Is that what they're going to mean? It's named after a person, if that happens. Oh, really? Okay. The Homer, the Homer Simpson. The Bradshaw. Homer Gaining.

The Calvin Johnson rule. Ah, yes, okay. Yes, Calvin Johnson. Calvin Johnson rule. All right, good job, Braves. So this week's episode is inspired by a special national holiday that occurs on April 30th. April 30th is National Boba Day here in the United States. So National for United States is National Boba Day.

And that got me thinking about things that are round, things that are circles, things that are spherical, and I don't think we've dedicated an episode to a shape before. But today's the first time. This week, we're going in circles. Well, I'll start us off here. I have a, not a dad joke for you guys, but I've got, this is a classic bit of dad trivia, maybe, or a casual bar trivia. okay so now this this is not a joke all right this is a serious question even though i am smirking like a dad while i'm asking it feels like a dad set up i need this is not a joke there is a very specific answer i am fishing for here i will tell you that but i want i want you to imagine this question kind of in the you know your friend at the bar asking you a question you know trying

to stump you or you know maybe this is like on a job interview just to sort of see how you how you think You know, like, so, yeah, it's, it's not a joke, not a riddle. There, there is an answer to this. Why is a manhole cover round? Okay. Oh, I know why. I don't, I think I know. You may have heard this one before.

Sure. So the, well, the dad trivia answer is, and maybe you're going to tell me that this is actually not the case, but that if you had a square manhole, then it would be a man's slot, not a manhood. No, then if you had a square manhole, a square manhole cover could fall into a square manhole. But a round manhole cover can't fall into a round manhole. Is that what you've heard as well, Dana? Is that what you were thinking? Because the diagonal is longer than the sides of a square.

So it would be able to fall right in. That is absolutely the answer I was fishing for. Thank you for not letting me down. Those statements are in fact true, that if you have a manhole, hole, manhole cover, and you assume that the sort of the lip under the edge is just thick enough just to support the cover, that a circle, a round shape, will not fall in on itself, even if you have it up on the edge. And as you can imagine, this is really good for safety reasons, right? I mean, these suckers, you know, can weigh 200, 250 pounds, you know, cast iron. You

you absolutely do not want a 200-pound cast iron disc sliding down at you from above when you're in a very tight space. It's just absolute recipe for disaster. In addition to that, there are a number of other very reasonable reasons that a manhole cover is round. So this is where the dad trivia is true as far as it goes, but doesn't really tell the whole story. So for one thing, it's just easier to manufacture a round huge chunk of metal. You know, it's also part of the reason that, you know, barbells and dumbbells classically around is you kind of easier to roll them around if you need to. You don't have to lift and carry it everywhere. You can kind of, you know, roll at a short distance, you know, a giant barrel of oil, too. It's advantage to have it be round.

But yeah, it's easier to put back on. You don't need to worry about the orientation, which way it's turned. And then, of course, just purely financially, it just uses the least amount of material needed to cover a width of a given size as, you know, basic geometry and your eyeballs will tell you. A circle of a given width just uses less material than the square of the same width. And on and on and on. There are other related reasons. It's less likely to warp unevenly. It's maybe safer if it pops off. There's not a dangerous corner poking out in the middle of traffic on and on. So if anyone ever asked you that question with kind of a twinkle in the eye, yeah, that's what they're looking for is that it can't fall in on itself. But doesn't hurt to also talk about all

of the things you just mentioned it. Yeah, yeah. Did you know? Did you know? Quite at least with their beer, awkwardly. Remember not to talk to you again. That's how you might drive away the person next to you at the bar. I can, now let me tell you how to drive away the five or six people in the radius around you at the bar. Okay, okay. The far nerdier observation and answer to make here is, it is true that a circle shape will, not fall in on itself in the manhole, manhole cover scenario. But there are indeed many other shapes that will not fall in on themselves as well. In fact, any shape that is a, quote, curve of constant width will satisfy this requirement.

Now, what is a curve of constant width? So a circle absolutely the simplest taste of a curve of constant width. It has curved edges. And no matter how you rotate it, it has the same. width, you know, if you were to imagine to, like, you had a pair of calipers, right? Or, you know, you put it between two blocks of wood. No matter how you turn that circle, those blocks of wood aren't going to move back and forth. There are other shapes that do that? There are. There is a class of shapes in particular called Rulot polygons. And these are named after physicist friends

Rulot, R-E-U-A-U-X. Oh, okay. Rulow polygons. And I guarantee you have seen sort of the simplest, most classic case of one of these, which is a Rullo triangle, which is what he kind of wrote the most about. And what a Rullo triangle is, is I want you to imagine a triangle, an equilateral triangle, okay, so all sides the same length. But instead of being straight, the sides are segments of a circle. So imagine if a circle kind of bowed out on the edges. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. It's like a strawberry kind of. You know, you'll see this shape a lot for like highway signs or government seals or logos or things like that. If you like, it took a triangle and kind of just inflated it a little bit. A bloated triangle.

That's better. I like that. A bloated triangle. In addition to be very pretty to look at, a rouleau triangle, and indeed any rouleau polygon is a curve of constant width. If you put a rouleau triangle between two chunks of wood and you turn it and rotate it, those chunks of wood will stay the exact same width apart the entire rotation through, even though it is not a circle. It has kind of pointy edges. And so, if you were to manufacture a manhole shaft in the, or a cover at least in the shape of a roulo triangle or a, right, or a ruleau pentagon, it would also not fall in on itself because those are curves of constant width. Whoa. All right. As one side is getting less bloated, the other side is bloating up.

Exactly. I made some toys on my Instagram with those, like the ruler triangle. Yeah. So you can move things up and down with it. It stays the same distance. And Dana, in fact, what Franz Rullo was interested in is translating linear motion from rotating shapes. And this is how he got interested in this shape in particular was it rotates, but the width does not change. Other than the Rullo triangle, are all the other Rulot shapes like bloated versions of a?

That's exactly right. Any other, so you could have a six-sided Rullo polygon, which is... That's just bloated. That's right. They're bloated. And they all have constant width, constant diameter. So a few episodes ago, Chris, you had a question for us about what distinguishes the Canadian $1 coin or the looney, if you will.

And the answer was it has 11 sides today, a Hendecagon. And like our dad trivia here, that is true as far as it goes. It has 11 sides, but it is not a regular hendecagon. The Canadian $1.1 coin is a 11-sided roulo polygon. It is a Rulo 11-Gon. Now, what that means is if you have automated machinery, for instance, vending machines, where the width of a coin needs to be constant, this satisfies that requirement. That makes so much sense.

Or like corn sorting machines? Yes, coin sorting machines. It's very pleasing to look at. I learned that when the U.S. government introduced the Susan B. Anthony dollar, one of the ideas sort of in the thinking planning stage was maybe it'll be an 11-sided, you know, Ruloa polygon. They ended up not doing that. They ended up making it, it is a perfect circle, but they stamped on the inside, they inscribed

an 11-sided figure, maybe just sort of hint at what they were getting at, also to try and visually differentiate it, but the Canadian $1 coin, they did it. They went through, they gave us a 11-sided coin. They are not the only coin. There are other international coins that are Rulo shapes, which I've learned is very popular. Yeah. So at this point, you've now driven away everybody except the bartender, but you are the most correct person in that bar. The bartender's way on the other side of the bar. You will not get another drink for the rest of the night. So like I said, at the beginning of the show, April 30th is National Boba Day here, national as in national here in the U.S., but it is National Boba Day pretty much every day

in the birthplace of Boba, which is my homeland, Taiwan. And Boba has emerged as such a huge symbol for Taiwanese identity and pride. And I don't know how to describe this, but like, like boba really is is consumed anytime all times of the day it like it's like a life source it's like manna you know like tea shops and stands are everywhere it's where you go after school it's where you go for a break it's it's almost kind of like kind of our coffee breaks in america you know it's kind of a social thing or a treat for yourself it's as close as we've gotten to that vision of the future where all nutrition is dispensed in like you know perfectly round balls or

something like it's people yeah um what is boba it's not people it's at the core at the core the most standard original form is black tea with milk sweeteners and a scoop of large caramel color tapioca balls uh the balls are about like one centimeter wide it usually is served cold with ice and it comes in a plastic cup and a large wide straw so you can suck the balls up the straw. You drink the tea, you get a few of the tapioca balls, and you chew and eat, and it's like having a snack and a drink at once. Also known as bubble tea, pearl tea, tapioca tea, you know, Boba has really become just a blanket term for customizable tea with customizable toppings. Nowadays, you can like pretty much personalized almost every aspect of tea like it doesn't even have to be black tea it can be

green tea fruit tea slushy it doesn't have to have milk or even if you want milk there's almond milk soy milk you know different types of milk how much milk um and instead of boba if you you don't like boba the tapioca balls there's lychy jelly there's like scoops of flan you can put in your tea of all the sources that i've poured over it's clear that it is unclear that it is unclear who came up with boba milk tea first like famous foods we've talked about on the show before like cheese steaks and kubanos like it's always a many places more than one place would claim to be the birthplace right right but we know that it happened around 1980s in Taiwan before we get into it I want to ask you guys what is your boba drink of choice I do like just the original classic I

I've always been a big fan of the tarot, the taro milk. It's the purple one. It tastes like melted ice cream. That's why I like it. It tastes like melted ice cream. It tastes delicious. It works well with the ball. I always go with the classic or these days, you know, if I'm in the kind of the fruity

mood, maybe like mango green tea with the lighty jelly. Chris, what about you? I do like the cheese tea, but that's not what we're talking about. Oh, that's part of that's count. That counts as Boba. Yeah, yeah. The cheese topping. The cheese topping.

The cheese topping. That stuff is great. Yeah, it's a big tent. Literally, it's just any drink. Anything you can suck up from a jumbo straw. It's like when you get like an Irish, like a good Irish coffee and they put like a clotted cream that just sits on not whipped cream, but like sort of thick layer. And it's salty. It's salty.

Yeah, it's like salty, but they call it like salty cheese, but it's more like kind of salty cream. So as I dug deeper into boba lore, what I found, the invention of boba is actually a culmination of like a few key moments in history. So let's talk about the boba balls. Boba balls are essentially tapioca balls. We might be familiar with like the smaller variety, like in tapioca pudding, which is like the small white kind of clear. And the boba balls and the classic boba milk tea is like a jumbo version with some caramel colors, some sweetener. do you guys know what is tapioca is it cassava it is good job dana starch right yes tapioca is describing the starch of the cassava plant and cassava plant well the root

tuber like it kind of looks like a long potato cassava also known as yuka we might see them in some grocery stores and tapioca is the starch extraction it's almost like you know it's like flour is to wheat as tapioca is to cassava right it is like the starch form the cassava is native to central america and south america and there's even evidence that the mayans were cultivating cassava uh for food and in the 16th century in the high times of maritime trade and uh colonialism uh the portuguese were traveling a lot in and out of what is modern day brazil They brought the cassava from Brazil to Africa. They also introduced the cassava to Asia.

And in the 1600s, you know, there was a lot going on in the little island that is Taiwan. We got the Dutch East India Company that was there. The Portuguese were there. The Ming Chinese was there. Of course, there was also the indigenous population. Lots going on. And so the Portuguese introduced cassava and has become. a really important crop in

Asia. Casava is used to produce biofuel. The starch tapioca, it's also used to produce MSG. Oh, I didn't know that. This. Laundry products. You know when people go to the cleaners or dry

cleaners to get their shirts, washed, pressed, and starched. You're right, and get your collar starched. That is the starch. Is the cassava starch. It's one of the ingredients for a lot of those starching solutions. And of course, tapioca starch is also used in a lot of Asian foods, especially in Southeast

Asia, breads, cakes, sweets, and of course, boba balls. And before boba milk tea, before boba tea, the boba balls have traditionally been a popular dessert topping, mostly on top of like shaved ice. You know, I think Koreans have bingsu, there's Japanese shaved ice. There's always like kind of the dessert where it's like a mound of ice and there's a bunch of stuff on it. And so boba has been like a very thick. popular topping for a really, really long time prior to boba milk tea. And I should note,

this is very strange, and I hope I can like describe this well. In Taiwanese cuisine, there is a great obsession with a particular texture called Q. Q, the letter Q, maybe it was based on a local word or something, but like growing up my whole life, I know it as a letter Q. Q, the texture Q, I would personally describe it as like bouncy with a bit of stickiness, but experts have described it as the Asian version of like al dente, elastic, chewy, springy. You can find it in mochi. Mochi is Q. It's kind of chewy bouncy, you know, ramen or a hot pot. Maybe it had fish cakes, Asian fish cakes. That that texture is Q. And so, of course, like I said, with the shaped ice. Most of these dessert toppings are Q. It's like, you know,

yam balls, tarot balls, rice balls, tapioca balls. You see it in packaging. It's inside. Yeah. Now that, now that you say that, it's like, oh, yeah, okay, I've seen the letter Q used in the signage, you know, or the names of Boba Prices. Just the letter two. Okay, interesting. Or even QQQ for super Q, you know. Q inflation. Tapioca balls, Boba balls are Q. Yeah. They're so, cute. They're so cute. When and how did the tea part come in? So Taiwan was under a Japanese rule for about 50 years up until the end of World War II. And there was a local Taiwanese man who was working at a Izakaya, which is like a Japanese diner bar as a bartender and a mixologist. And after

his Japanese employer left and went back to Japan after World War II, this man decided to use all of his bartending know-how and his equipment and apply it to tea. He used the shaker and he would handshake tea. Importantly and distinctively, it was cold. Cold tea wasn't really a thing. And this exploded. And before boba milk tea, there was what we call bubble foam tea. Pawmoa Hongcha means foamy red tea.

Coal tea became a very standard beverage and that people would enjoy. And you can have flavor teas, you can have different things. And it's just the importance is being cocktail shaken to get kind of that creamy, foamy quality. And of course, so now we have the foamy tea. We have the boba. You know, currently two places say that they had the idea of putting it together in the 80s. And that's where boba came from. So I didn't really use the term boba until only like maybe a couple years ago,

just because everybody calls it boba here. I always called it pearl tea. Yeah. Boba, colloquially, we talked about the small tapioca balls, the white kind, the white little kind, and then we have like, you know, the boba balls are much bigger. Boba is a term to describe a buxom lady with very large boobs. So a marketing ploy at some point where it's like, oh, yeah, we know the small tapioca balls, but here there are some bazonka, like, big tapioca balls.

Busty milk tea. You know what? It's busty milk tea. And weirdly in the translation, you all say milk and there's like this weird connotation with, you know, boobs and milk. So yeah, busty milk tea is more appropriate. So the next time you enjoy any type of boba tea, remember that it is such a culmination of so many different things in world history that kind of came to. together, and now you drink it through a very big straw. I love it.

To end my segment, I have a food balls quiz, international food balls, where the answer is a food ball. House of International Food Balls. Okay. There's a market for that. I have to. There is a market for it. I think, you know, a lot of people like eating food on a stick.

Yeah. Imagine just like, yeah, yeah, a buffet of, you know, all the same size. You know, you just grab your stick and... For a while, my kid would only eat round food. Really? There was like a little period where it was all meatballs and breadballs and cheeseballs, like every cheese balls. All right.

Well, maybe you'll do really good this quiz. Yeah, I get it. Here we go. All right. What Italian food ball translates to Little Orange? Oh, no, no, no, no, no. No, no. What was your guess?

Oh, wait. Oh, no, no, no. Actually, I'm going to go with this. Okay. Aruncini. Correct is. Arancini. Ah, I never thought about that.

It's the rice ball. Fried risotto ball of Italy. Has nothing to do with orange, except for the fact that it looks like it looks like a little orange. That's what brought me back to. Wait a minute. I think that might be it. We are probably familiar with Ferraro Roche.

We all know Ferro Roche. It's not really easy to say. Ferreiro Ferraro Rural jurors Too many Rars in there They got to lose one or two Which is like

A chocolate hazelnut Truffle ball wrapped in gold foil It has a twin Or it has a sibling That is White almond coconut What is it called?

Hmm This is a brand name Yeah I mean It's Ferraro Something else I can picture it too What is it? Oh it's Ferraro

something else um oh for i know it pro broshae yeah it is uh rapaello raffaello raffaello raffaello yes raffaello yes raffaello raffaello yes raffaello yes feroeroce was huge oh my gosh you can buy a bouquet versions yes yes the anti-matter versions yes the anti-matter version so in back in taiwan forer rochet was huge. Oh, my gosh. You can buy a bouquet of flowers, but each flower is a Ferreira Roché, and it's like gold, and it's like

so fancy. It's so fancy. And then I came here, I was like, oh. Wasn't it, there was a, I don't know if it was a TikTok or was somebody who like their dad loved Forever Rochets, and so they wanted to, they wanted to prank them. And the dad hated Brussels sprouts, so they took Brussels

and coated them in chocolate, like, made them look like Pereira Rochets and, like, left him out as a rewrapped him and left him out as a trap. Love the commitment. Oh, my gosh. That's funny. All right. Next question.

In 2019, McDonald's debuted the first vegan happy meal for kids. Really? This happened in Sweden. Okay. Evan in Sweden featuring what kind of food balls? Oh. Oh. I mean, in Sweden, it's got to be vegan meatballs, vegan Swedish meatballs.

No, it's not actually not Swedish in heritage. I think I figured it out. Oh, oh, oh. Chris? Here we go. Falafel. You are correct. It's falafel.

Yeah. Falafel. So instead of like a little baggy of chicken nuggets, it's like a little baggie of falafelaw. Which are naturally vegan. Very smart. Chickpeas, neither chicks nor peas. the method of making this Danish pancake food ball is very similar to how Japanese takoyaki is made

those are called oh god it's like I know it I've eaten it I just got to process the word pull it out they are called evil skivers yes oh wow able skevers they're usually sweet and able skiever I think means

literally means like slices of apple or apple slices, because that's usually the filling. Whereas, you know, takoyaki is savory and it has octaves. But it is true. And in fact, you go to- If you got into Solvang, California, and there's many places that serve them, but there's one place that they make them right out in front,

you know, so you can see them making them. And, yeah, it's like a little taco yaki pan. And they use two sticks to flip them. Yeah. You know, it's like the technique developed separately in different parts of the world, except for it's chopsticks and all. except for one of them, it's just full of octopus. Instead, because they were

like, that's ruin this. You don't like Taco Yaki? I'd rather, I think I'd rather have evil scyvers. Is it, is it the texture? Yeah, no, I mean, I just think, I mean, I'll eat Taco Yaki, no problem. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, okay. It's just, it is, it is kind of weird, you know, to be like

eating a little round pancake, and then now I'm chewing on a piece of octopus. It's the boba tea of pancakes. That's all the things in there. It is. Octopus is. It is. Maybe a little bit too, it's a little bit too sturdy.

It's bouncy, yeah. Yeah, it's bouncy. It's bouncing. All right. Well, not enough time in the world because there's just so many food balls, so little time. That's the end of my quiz. Maybe I'll come back. There's just every culture has food balls.

Food balls. Yeah. All right. Let's take a quick break and we'll be right back. When planning for life's most important moment, Sometimes the hardest part is simply knowing where to start. That's why we're here to help. When you pre-plan and prepay a celebration of life with us,

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Every episode of the show dives deep into a science question you might not even know you had, but once you hear the answer, you'll want to share it with everyone you know. Why do rivers curve? Why did the T-Rex have such tiny arms? And why do so many more kids need glasses now than they used to? Spoiler alert, it isn't screen time. Our team of scientists digs into the research and breaks it down into a short, entertaining explanation, jam-packed with science facts and terrible puns.

Subscribe to Minute Earth wherever you like to listen. Good job Karen, good job calling, good job Dana, good job Chris. Good job Brian, who is Brian? I'm actually you're listening to. Good job brain. Good job brain. Good job brain. And we're back. You're listening to Good Job Brain. And this week, we're time about circles.

That's right. And I have a quiz about circles. Huh. Let's do it right in. Oh. Oh, dang. Okay. Oh, man. You are free to give asterisks and bonus points. It's on. Get ready. Get the wing things out. We're going to. Okay. Okay.

Let's get this started. you all will keep your own scores and we can report back on okay all right i believe in you guys i trust you all right here we go yeah first question which 1994 song from a disney film was nominated for both an Oscar and uh for song of the year at the Grammys once again this is a circle quiz going easy When you say Disney song and I'm against like Chris and Karen, I mean, it's like, oh, man, throw me a line here. So I appreciate it. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay.

And then for, I'll say half a point each. I'm going to, I'm going to dice it up where you can, there are two other songs from that same movie that were nominated for Oscars that year. Can you name the other two Oscar nominated songs from that movie? Okay. Okay. I think I can make a safe guess on So you're saying there's three songs total that got nominated One point for the circle song

Half a point each for the other two songs Oh man It's not going to get any more correct Five four three Two one All right Chris has Circle of Life Yes everybody has Circle of Life

As the answer that is the song but can you feel the love tonight and Hakuna Matata were the other two and I got Hakuna Matata and then hey everyone watch out for hyenas which I think was

Be prepared Hey everyone watch out for that's what I mean No I had I knew it had to be Can you Feel the Love tonight because that was huge That was on

The thing I was going back and forth on is that Hakuna Matata obviously is very popular now, but also Elton John had recorded a version of, I just can't wait to be king. So I was wondering if maybe that was it, but in the end,

I had to go with Hakuna McTada. So which toy first sold in 1965 uses a set of discs with holes and gear teeth and lets the user draw mathematical roulette curves? I believe some of those pieces are Rulot polygons, but just gear, your teeth. Yes.

Yeah. The original set was just circles, but then they did add more. Those are fun. Those were a lot of fun. You got it? Ready? Show your answers? The answer.

Everybody has spirograph. Yes, the spirograph. Do they still sell that? Is there like a modern version of that? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.

Yeah. Some funky shapes and bars. Seems like it's an evergreen toy. Yeah. Yeah. Well, I think it kind of fell out of favor for a while. and then they reintroduced it. They relaunched it in 2013.

Okay. So not that long ago. All right. And now they have like bigger versions. Yeah. The shapes are crazier. They have putty so it'll keep your ring in place. Oh.

Oh, that's smart. That's really smart. Yeah. Okay. What's the name of the geometric shape you get if you revolve a circle in three dimensional space about an axis that is co-planar with the circle? You're revolving a circle around a circle. circle basically you're going to get a 3d shape revolving a circle around you're using a circle

to draw something uh-huh and you're following the path of a circle okay i think i understand what you're asking yeah yeah okay i want the geometric name for it i don't know if this is the colloquial Plural version. All right. Okay, okay, okay, sure. You ready? We have got Taurus, Taurus, Toroid. I'll give you Toroid.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's donut shape is the cloak wheel. The word for it. Right. Okay. Which Teletubby has a circle on top of its antenna? Blast from the past, guys. I have that, I have that, no monic.

Oh, man. Yeah. All right. Well, let's just leave if we can name them, right? There's, is there. La, well, this is part of it. Okay. Writing this down. How about for a quarter of a point, if you can name all four of them. But highlight the one that you think has the circle on top of it.

Oh, so we're naming all of them. Yeah, name all of them, but draw a circle around the name. Okay. It has a circle. Man. Oh, geez. All right, I'm just going to, Karen's taking this so seriously right now. She's, yeah.

This used to come up all the time. Oh, geez. It did, yeah, man. Yeah, like we had a mnemonic for it. You made, yeah. Like to the colors, even. I'm ready. Oh, geez.

Okay. All right. All right. Karen, you want to say your answer? Okay. I put Lala, dipsy, tinky, winky, and poe. Poe is the one with the circle on its head. I had put, you know, unfortunately, I put Po, Po, Poe as the one with the circle.

That's okay. We'll give it to you. Wait, I'm the one. I'm creating it. I think that's half a point. I don't have a full point. Well, I put Po Poe as the one with the circle. Then for the other three, I put Tinky Winky, Lala, and Donald Rumsfeld.

Okay. It's the D. I'm going to give you a goofy symbol next to Donald Rumsfeld, which is redeemable for some amount of points at the end. Well, I had circled Lala, and then I put Po, tipsy, and then I put Poe, tipsy, and doodle. That was his best I could do. All right. So, Colin, I think you've earned two goofy symbols. Oh, excellent.

Po is the answer, though. Po is the one that has a typical. Poe with the circle, tinky-winky, triangle, dipsie has a straight dipstick antenna. And La La La La has the curly one. Okay, Poe, circle, because of O. Poe has the O. Gypsy, dipstick, straight, tinky-winky, triangle,

T. Lala for Lightning. Lala for Lightning? Oh, okay. Well, Lala is just the other one. If you get three of the four, you should be okay. Yeah, yeah. All right. What's the title of the 2017 tech thriller starring Emma Watson and Tom Hanks? Wow. Okay. So, first of all, today I learned that there is a 2017 tech thriller starring Emma Watson and Tom Hanks. Yes. And I'm trying to remember the theme of the quiz. is tech thriller. It's based on a book by Dave Eggers. Yeah, I think Tom Hanks is supposed to be like a Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg, kind of in one type of dude. Okay, okay, okay. Slightly nefarious, perhaps.

Set in the tech world. World of social media. All right. I have no idea. Might get another goofie. Well, let's see. Yeah, yeah, you're just planning to impress the judges at this point. She's ready to be impressed.

she's ready to be. All right. So, Chris has... I wrote, it's circle, but with no vowels. It's the name of their app. Oh, that's really good. That's really good. You know what? You get a light bulb next to that. That was a good idea. And then Colin and Karen put the circle, which is the correct answer. Oh, really? Yeah. I wouldn't have had, I wouldn't have gotten the the, though. You know what I mean? No, I was part of it. It does, but really, exactly. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. So, A hexafoil is a common and very old decorative pattern. It's also known as like the daisy wheel or the flower of life.

It's been around since the Bronze Age. If you saw it, you'd be like, okay, that thing. And they make it by overlapping circles around the center point is a geometric shape. Oh. It's called a hexafoil. And it kind of looks like a flower. How many petals or leaves are on a hexafoil? Okay.

I'm not going to overthink it. Yeah, I'm not going to overthink it. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Don't know everything yet. What do you have? Six. Six. Yeah, I feel bad if I put six.

Yeah. I also noticed it's question number six, too. I felt like. Oh, that was an accident. That was a coincidence. That's a light bulb moment. You get an extra light bulb for your answer, Colin. That was good.

Yeah. What? I'm in charge of the points. One plus light bulb. Okay. So there's other flower shape. That fan who's true. Tracking all our points is like, and he adds another column to the Google spreadsheet.

We got goofies, light bulbs. We got light bulbs, yeah. Wingings. Yeah. There's other flower-shaped geometry that you'll see around like a trefoil, a quadrufoil, octafoil. Foil means leaf, but really they usually look like petals, and it's in a radial pattern in a circle. Right, right, right, right, right. So next question number seven.

A strobe disc might be used by a DJ to calibrate what kind of equipment? What's a strobe disc for? I know this. Strobe disc. I know this one. I mean. I'm ready? Chris says light shows.

Colin says turntable. Karen says turntable. It is for the turntable. Oh, yeah. So it's a round disc and it has like lines that are evenly spaced. different little sets of lines that go around. And then when it spins, if the lines don't look like they're moving, that means it's calibrated correctly.

Oh, that's cool. Yeah. Oh, that's so interesting. It's really cool. Visual calibrating. Right. Yeah. I read Quest Love's book about creativity a while ago, and he made Lazy Susan's that

were strobe disc patterned. I don't think that they could go fast enough to work as strobe. Oh, okay. That's where I learned about stroke this. You mean Academy Award winning. He's going to E-GAT one day. Okay. So what were Bende Dots used to do?

B-D-D-D-E-D-A-D-S. B-E-N-D-Y? Yeah. B-E-N-D-A-Y. Two words, B-E-N-D-A-Y, and then the third word, dots. Dots. Yeah. Ben-D-D-D-T.

Yeah. Well, call it. you know. I'm pretty sure. Oh. Oh. All right. So Chris says applies shade to artwork. Collin says printing. What's that? Oh, gray scale images. And Karen says peripheral vision. Oh.

You know, I almost want to give none of you a point. Even though you're very close, it's to add color to images. Like comic books use the color dots. Yeah, right. Oh. Oh. It's not gray scale at all, usually. it's it's for color adding color to comic books so like uh roy lichtenstein his big comic book looking paintings and they had the huge colorful dots on them those are those were binde dots that he was god it's so you it's so you can generate multiple colors using only three or four colors of ink right yeah so they're like usually cyan magenta yellow and black and you layer them on top of each other they're

evenly spaced dots but they're maybe different sizes half tone dots like have different sizes and different spacing and that's how they get the gray scale effect so this is the last question maybe a hard question but we'll give it a whirl how many circles of hell are in dante's inferno and i'll give you a little bit of a hint there's more than four and there's fewer than ten half a point for each one you can think of oh wait you're asking us to name the levels name them if you care not just the number oh oh i mean I mean, if you were a very religious Catholic man in Italy a long time ago, what do you think would put you in hell? All right.

Just a competition amongst friends. As we keep reminding ourselves. Actually, you tell me how many you think there were first. Oh, okay, gotcha. Yeah, first the number. How many? I thought that there were nine. I think it's nine as well.

Yeah. Yes, you're all right, nine. Okay, okay, good. Okay, so they were limbo, lust, gluttony, greed, anger, heresy, violence, fraud, and treachery. Karen, do you know what your final score was, Karen? Yes, I believe it is nine and three quarters. I think I have 11.

I tallied the math correctly, plus one light bulb and two goofies. Oh, oh. Okay, so I actually have 8.5 points plus one goofy plus one light bulb. Oh, okay. Oh, okay. Well, Colin. That's it. Good job, y'all.

That's hard. That was good. That was hard. That was good and hard. Yeah. Book Club on Monday. Gym on Tuesday. Date night on Wednesday.

Out on the town on Thursday. Quiet night in on Friday. It's good to have a routine. And it's good for your eyes too. Because with regular comprehensive eye exams at Specsavers, you'll know just how healthy they are. Visit Spexavers.cavers.cai to book your next eye exam. Eye exams provided by independent optometrists.

And we have one last segment, Colin. All right. I am going to take us further down the manhole hole. with a story that involves a manhole cover, government secrets, nuclear bombs, and an enduring mystery. And I must confess that all of the manhole nerdiness at the top of the show was really kind of just a prologue to the story I really wanted to share with you guys. So in the 1950s, there was a lot of nuclear bomb research taking place, as you, as you know, sometimes very visibly. like the Bikini Atoll Experiments that we've talked about on the show. I'm sure you've read and seen many other places.

And sometimes a little more secret, a little more clandestine, either in secret test sites or eventually underground. Now, underground nuclear testing is kind of common today. Most of the tests happen underground. But there was a time when someone had to be the first one to do it. And they moved from above ground or in the air explosions, explosions out in the ocean. And in the United States, as you might imagine, we are particularly well-suited to underground testing out in the Western desert states. Nevada in particular got a lot, a lot, a lot of wide open desert owned by the federal government.

And they can do pretty much whatever they want out there. So there was a series of 29. nuclear tests spanning May to October 1957 and this was this suite of tests was one of many many tests that the government did in the 1940s 50s so I'm going to describe Operation Plum Bob okay do you guys know what a you guys know what a plum bob is no I keep learning it and then forgetting it you might see like on a like a job site in the street or like you know it's an old piece of plumber and construction equipment it's basically At its simplest, it's just a weight on a string

that you suspend so you give yourself a plum line that you know is something straight up. Vertical. Yeah, that's right, a nice vertical line. That's right, right. As I say, a series of 29 tests over several months in 1957. This took place out in the Nevada test site. Huge, huge set of exercises. I mean, thousands of personnel involved, soldiers, scientists, everybody,

you know, it was, and a lot of these tests were to, what are the results of nuclear explosions in various scenarios. So some of them were suspended from towers, you know, 100 feet off the ground. Some of them were in hot air balloons. Yeah, right, exactly. Some of them were at surface level, right, because they'd never done them. And a goal of the, some of these experiments was to do the first underground nuclear explosion testing.

The 29 tests were named after North American mountain. ranges and famous scientists. Okay. Okay. So each, each individual discrete test here out of Operation Plumbob had a, it was named, code name. And I want to talk to you guys a little bit about Pascal A and Pascal B. named, of course, for Blaze Pascal, the 17th century mathematician and many other things. Oh, I don't know that was his first name. Blaise. Yeah, it's a pretty cool. Yeah, B-L-A. It's like an American gladiator name. Yeah, spelled differently. Yeah. African gladiator would be B-L-A-Z-E.

Yeah. Oh, it's not, oh, okay. No, no, B-L-A-I-S-E. Okay, okay, classier. It's from French gladiators. The French gladiators. Le-Lagladiator. Right, Nitro, E-A-O-U-X, right.

Yeah, oh. So I'm going to tell you a little bit about a scientist named Dr. Robert Brownlee. And Dr. Brownlee was involved in helping do a lot of the calculations for simulating the effects of an underground nuclear explosion. They hadn't done it before. And so, you know, there's no precedent for a lot of the things that he was doing. He did not have the advantage of modern computers. And so a lot of this was just gut level math and hard number math and working it out using the tools that you have available and the knowledge that you had. So Pascal A, okay, this was a borehole 385 feet deep. Okay. So about three, four,

feet wide, straight down into the Nevada desert, and they had a bomb at the bottom of the shaft here in a, you know, in a kind of a containment unit, kind of concrete. It wasn't just like lower down on a rope with a fuse, like, you know, bugs bunning cartoon. But, you know, this is a major operation, right? So 385 foot shaft, nuclear bomb at the bottom, and they set off the bomb. And Dr. Brownlee described essentially a giant Roman candle, just shooting out of the shaft, hundreds, hundreds of feet of the air, just a just a shaft of fire. It largely did what they were hoping it would, which is that the earth really contained most of the force of the explosion. I'm not, you absolutely could tell that someone had set off a nuclear bomb there,

but it was not nearly as, you know, disrupted. or as much radiation spread as it would be like to emit air blast, for instance. Now, I should mention here, giant Roman candle, flames in the air, there was on top of the shaft a manhole cover. I mean, not really a manhole cover, but a steel, a cast iron, heavy-duty, you know, lid, cap, if you will, on top of the shaft, you know, since the goal was to try and contain some of the explosion if they could. Now, keeping in mind that a big part of the spirit of science is what do you think would happen

if we tried this. Dr. Brownlee and the team for the next experiment decided, let's weld this cap in place. Like, let's just weld it on there and see what happens. See if it makes a difference, you know? And, you know, Dr. Brownlee said, you know, he was very, he was very direct. He's like, I, you know, we can weld it on. But I will paraphrase him that basically, that cap ain't going to do nothing.

You know, I mean, you can put, you know, masking tape over the end of a shotgun barrel. but it's not going to make an appreciable difference. But in the name of science, they went ahead and they welded this manhole cover, this cap. Again, I say manhole. It's not really a manhole cover. It's, I mean, it was four inches thick. It weighed, I guess, about 2,000 pounds. Wow.

Cast iron, concrete, heavy duty, heavy, heavy duty. It's a three to four feet wide. Yeah, four feet diameter. But was it round? It was round. Yeah, so it did not fall in on itself. Exactly. You wouldn't want that.

No, absolutely not on top of the nuclear bomb. Because Colin, because if you were in the hole and the nuclear bomb went off, and then the cap fell on your head. They're in trouble. That's like Mr. Bean levels of nuclear testing. Yeah, yeah. He was halfway up the shaft. So they went ahead.

They welded this cap on. And, you know, again, part of the other spirit of science is, oh, this is going to be good. We can't, we've got to film this. They got a high-speed camera. Oh, yeah. I mean, because once you've seen this happen once, you're like, they were trying to calculate how fast? How fast do you think that cap was moving when it came off? This is like, let's give the MythBusters guys all the desert they need. And a billion dollars. So, all right, Pascal B, essentially the same setup, holes a little bit deeper, cap is welded on, and now you've got a high speed camera trained on, trained on the lid here. It's going a thousand. frames per second, the camera that they had put on there. All right. So three, two, one, boom. All right. Now, Dr. Brownlee himself, as I will say, like, you know, he, he pretty much correctly surmised. There's no way that Cap is staying on. But there's now there's a range of things that could happen here, right? All right. One, you know, it's vaporized on the spot. But they were pretty sure, they were pretty sure that's not what was happening. They didn't think that was happening. Two,

just flies off, way the hell off somewhere into the reaches of the desert. Three, could it in fact, could it in fact, fly into space? And they blew the bomb up, went to check the footage. The manhole cover, it appeared in one frame, one single frame after the blast. So that's, you know, one 1,000th of a second. And that just gives you like a lower bound to kind of calculate the speed, right? I mean, at a certain point, it's one and it's off. Dr. Brownlee, very roughly, calculations here estimated that it could have been going as fast as 125,000 miles an hour.

Extremely fast, faster. If it were indeed going that fast on its own, fast enough to reach escape velocity and indeed make it out into space. If something flies up, it eventually has to drop back down. Not if it hits escape velocity. No, that's what escape velocity means. Escape velocity means it escapes Earth's gravity and leaves and it's gone. That's right. That's right.

That's what that mean. Right. Now, I will tell you right now, nobody knows exactly what happened because they never found it. They never found this cap. It is gone, baby. No one knows. And over the following months and years, and certainly as some of these things got a little more, certainly as some of these things got a little less classified, the legend started to grow of

the manhole cover that got shot into space. Now, importantly, the Soviet Union only launched Sputnik a few months after this, okay, later in 1957. So if indeed it were true that this manhole cover, shaft cover, made it into space, it would have been the first human-created object to leave out of the planet. Yeah, not by design. It was, kind of, though. Right, right, right. Not long after the Pascal B test, he sort of himself theorized that maybe it vaporized in the atmosphere.

So adding another option to that list that I listed off. So kind of like a meteoroid, right, burning itself up in the atmosphere because of atmosphere friction, except, you know, going in the opposite direction. Right, exactly, exactly. You know, he kind of later came around on that, I guess. He said, you know, he realized later it probably would not have enough time, even if it were, even if it were moving that fast. And even if it did get to that height, it probably wouldn't be there long enough, you know, traveling basically perpendicular to the atmosphere to actually vaporize. So in his mind, the two only possibilities are it landed somewhere in the sand or it is out still traveling to this day out in outer space. Yeah, I have to say, I think that it probably just somewhere out of the Nevada desert, there is a gnarly looking hunk of cast iron and maybe some concrete residue just waiting to be discovered.

It doesn't even look like a manhole cover you anymore, right? No, I mean, it'd be superheated, disfigured junk, right? Yeah. I mean, as you said, Karen, you alluded to Mythbusters, right? I mean, I remember like when they would do episodes with just, you know, normal style projectiles. you know, bullets or things firing them straight up. It would take them forever to try and locate those things. I mean, granted, they're small. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. But important, again, importantly, even if it did come back, rest assured, it could not fall into the hole.

Yeah. Everything is fine, everybody. Down in the nuclear hole is the safest place to be if the cover comes back. That's right. And I would be remiss just in all these discussions of manholes and manholes and manhole covers to talk just a little bit about the gendered name here. Oh, yeah. Yeah, I, you know, I am absolutely in favor of removing and changing gendered names for sure.

And in fact, our- Do they have a proposal? Well, so our very own city of Berkeley, California, actually made the news just a few years ago, the national news, when the city council went through all of the city laws and removed every bit of gendered language. You know, partly to remove confusion, partly as a political statement, partly as just a sort of modern way

of looking at laws and rules. So, for instance, anywhere in the laws that said, you know, policemen, it's now a police officer, which man-made, you know, they talk about like man-made structures for the purposes of various laws is human-made. Man-hole and man-hole cover were updated to,

and this is this is in common use in other places we're updated to maintenance hole so it's a maintenance hole and a maintenance whole cover did you did you want like person hole cover you don't want a person hole cover is just silly you couldn't say that without snickering yeah yeah yeah utility access whole access hatch is another common term yeah so i just wanted to at least mention that i am i am aware of the attempts to to change that so yeah imagine that there might be a flying maintenance hole cover somewhere out in space or laying in the... I like utility. Yeah, I agree. I agree. Covers a lot of different possible types of holes and pipes. Cover all your holes. All right.

So we have a listener challenge for the next few episodes. Chris last season made a crazy adventure. But what I have made is very experimental and I hope it works out well. So during the break between this season and last season, Wordle, we talked about Wordle before, really started to gain a whole lot of steam. I was trying to think of different ways to bring that Wordle experience into a podcast audio form.

So I did come up with a puzzle. And so here is my Wordle Listener Challenge that we're going to be doing for the next couple of episodes. Pretend there is a person who is playing Wordle, and all you have is their list of five entry attempts. You know, when you play wordle, you have six chances to guess the right word in six chances. But all you have is another person's list of five word attempts in order.

And so the challenge is, can you use this information and work backwards to figure out what exactly is the correct word? Yeah. Now, this person is a pretty careful. casual wordal player, meaning they don't bank or bench the letters. They will never repeat wrong letters. If they get a letter right, they will always use it in their next guess. If they get a letter in the right place, they will always keep that letter in that place for their next guest. Very standard player. For this episode, the five word attempts that I'm about to read to you,

and it's in order from their first guest, second guest, third guest, fourth guest, fifth guess. And can you backwards solve and find out what the actual correct word is? Here we go. Guess number one, faith. F-A-I-T-H-F-H-F-E. Second guess is spoke. S-P-O-K-E. Third guess is Bux-U-S-M-B-U-S-O-M.

Yeah. B-U-X-O-M. Fourth guess is Wood. W-O-U-L-D and the fifth guess is G-O-U-R-D So there you go Faith spoke

Buxum, Wood, and Gord And just to give you kind of a little You know, a little hint to start you off The first two guesses are faith and spoke None of the letters in faith showed up In the second guest spoke So you can pretty much cross off That it's not going to be F-A-I-T or H

So that's kind of the logic Can you get into the mind of this very standard, a wordal player person? And so if you figure out the word, the secret word, you can head over to our website, goodjobbring.com, and you'll see a wordal puzzle section, and you can put your answer there. And that's our show. Thank you guys for joining me and thank you guys, listeners, for listening and hope you learn a lot of stuff about circles, about turntables, about utility, whole covers. about boba and cassava plant and you can find us on Apple Podcasts,

Google Podcasts, Spotify, and on all podcast apps and on our website, good job, brained.com. This podcast is part of Airwave Media Podcast Network. Visit airwavemedia.com to listen and subscribe to other shows like infamous America, subtext, and big picture science. And we'll see you guys next week. Bye.

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