Gooday Gaming Guests - The Core Ideas of a CPU and Manipulation of Energy for Computers

Episode Date: December 20, 2024

Sit Back and relax for a Fun Long but Fun explanation of the unknown.

So I decided to do another early edition. This one I'm going to put as why are we going to need higher education or college anymore? Because I can use my chat GPT to learn anything I ever wanted to learn. So today, actually I did it yesterday. So what I wanted to do is go way back to the basics.

So this is gaming related, but it's computer related as well. So we do vintage computing as well as I do gaming. So I wanted to go all the way back to the beginning because I'm trying to understand how ones and zeros work with a cpu the basic way back to the really beginning because i just can't quite get that concept so i fired up my chat gpt and my question was how does ones and zeros make a cpu work in details so this is like really long and it goes on for lots of but we'll start binary represent representation ones and zeros represent high and low voltage levels in electric electronic circuits so everything is a manipulation of electricity that's the key right there later on we talk about that the cpu

interprets these voltage levels as binary numbers which form the foundations for all computing so that right there i just i still am lost on so high and low voltage cpo so let me go further down here so the next thing is logic gates the cpu is built with logic gates basic electronic components like and or not or x or reminds me of basic programming where it is like uh if then uh kind of thing logic gates perform simple operations on binary inputs to produce a binary output and gate output is one if both inputs are one or gate output is one if at least one input is one and not gate inverts the input one becomes zero and zero becomes one. Combinations of the logic gates create more complex operations such as addition and comparison.

So right there I just can't quite understand all that but so then we go into transistors transistors are the building blocks of the logic gates a transistor acts as a switch or an amplifier when a small current flows through one part of the transistor it controls a larger current flow elsewhere by By controlling these currents, transistors create the process binary signals. So it's all right there. Actually, I'm going to, later on today,

even have my zippy here detail all that again, even more in detail. But we'll move on for now. So all registers in memory registers are small fast storage units inside the cpu that hold binary data temporarily temporarily memory ram or cache stores binary instructions and data that the c CPU needs to access quickly. I understand RAM, I understand that. And then we go to Instruction Set Architecture, ISA. The CPU operates based on a predetermined set

of instructions, add, subtract, load, store, encoded in binary. Each instruction has a opcode operation code that tells the CPU what actions to perform and then it gave me an example from YAML it's a copy code I can copy it to YAML first time I've ever heard of that I didn't look at it really quick so the code is is 0030 is a 1. Then a 1010. Then a 1101.

0011. I have no idea what that means. But that's what I'm trying to understand. This binary sequence instructs the CPU to add two specific numbers from its register. Maybe I'll get it. or maybe I won't. All right so but we're still learning as we're going here. Fetch, Decode, Execute Cycle. So this is all the basics way down to the fundamentals of a CPU is what I'm trying to understand. The CPU operates in a repetitive cycle. Fetch. The CPU retrieves a binary instruction from memory. Decode. The control unit interprets the instructions using the CPU's instruction set. Execute. The CPU performs the operation using its arithmetic logic

unit ALL or other components arithmetic things I don't really remember much math at all anymore I was at a point where I was really good with calculus I was getting an A in the calculus class now Now I don't remember any of it. The ALU performs arithmetic, addition, subtraction, the logic operations, comparison on binary data. Clock signals. A clock generates regular electrical pulses that synchronize the CPU's operations. Each clock pulse advances the CPU to the next

in a fetch, decode, execute cycle. So it's like a turn-based game basically. If you ever played a turn-based game it's one thing at a time and it cycles to the next thing. So it kind of reminds me of. Inside cpu the binary moves along data buses wires or tracks on the cpu that i understand control signals also binary guide the flow of data between different parts of the cpu like registers alu and memory control signals arithmetic operations binary arithmetic underpins calculations addition binary numbers are added using logic gates subtraction implemented using it using addition and to complement represents representations multiple multiplication and division build using repetitive addition subtraction and shifts so that's

interesting so that's so somewhere between the add and the subtract it turns into multiply and divide that I don't understand that part there. We'll go back to it. State machines. The CPU internal behavior is governed by finite state machines, FSMs, which are systems that transition between definite states based on input. For example, the FSM in the control unit determines which part of the CPU to activate from each instruction. After the binary data, the CPU sends results to the output devices or stores them in memory, all as sequenced of ones and zeros. In essence, the combination of billions of transistors arranged in complex patterns to

form logic gates, registers, processing units allow the CPU to interpret and manipulate binary signals to perform computations. These binary signals are the language of the machine and they and their patterns drive every operation within a computer so and then this is what i wrote all this is just a manipulation of electricity and my reply from zippy was exactly it's the core everything a cpu does is a manipulation of electricity here's how the forms of the foundation of everything in the cpu so electricity as binary signals electricity flows or doesn't flow in circuits representing the binary values one high voltage five volt 3.3 volt

1.8 volt depending on the system and then 0 low volt or no volt or ground. Transistors the key to control. Transistors act as a teeny electrical switch. By applying a small voltage to a transistor gate it allows or blocks a larger current to pass through its source to drain. Billions of transistors in a CPU turn on and off to control the flow of electricity, forming the basics of logic gates in memory.

Logic gates in operation. Logic gates use electricity to perform logical operations. An example, an AND gate is designed so electricity flows through only when both inputs have a one high voltage. So you have to think of ones and zeros as high voltage or no voltage. These operations happen because of the way transistors are wired together to route electricity in specific patterns. So I've already learned that the high the ones and zeros and then we go to storage. Storing electricity as data. Compositors in memory cells store electricity. Electrical charge represent ones or zeros. A charged capacitor is one, which is determined has to be voltage,

and the uncharged capacitor is zero. Registers and cache also temporarily store data by maintaining specific electrical states. Clock signal, timing the electricity. The CPU's clock signal is a continuous oscillation of electricity, a square wave that dictates which transistors open or close. This timing ensures all components work in sync like a conductor guiding an orchestra i like how it compares sometimes it'll compare something to make it more understandable electricity powers arithmetic electricity powers arithmetic arithmetic operations addition subtraction are just patterns of electrical signals rooted through specific logic gates in the arithmetic logic unit ALU. Adding two binary numbers

like 1 plus 1 generates a carrier over through the gates much like a electric flow rippling through a series of switches. I kind of get lost right there. But we'll move on. Electricity routes data. Electrical signals travel along data buses, essentially conducting paths of the CPU. These buses carry electricity between different parts of the CPU memory and peripherals. So just basically a track, a trace. Energy

efficiency and heat. The manipulation of electricity in transistors generates heat as a byproduct. This is where it gets kind of interesting. Modern CPUs are designed to minimize energy use, reduce waste, waste electricity and heat production. Why? It's amazing. The fact that all modern computers are running video games to send rockets or from running video games to sending rockets to Mars

boils down to controlled flow of electricity through transistors. It's truly remarkable. It is the orchestra of a sympathy a sympathy of uh electrons to perform incredibly complex tasks billions times per second in essence a cpu is a master of electrical engineering transforming the flow of electrons into logic, memory, and computation. So then I said, what does a quantum computer use for energy? So we decided it's energy that is the key. We were talking about electrical energy for all the computers we have now.

So let's go on to other energies. This is where one gets really fun a quantum computer uses the principles of quantum mechanics to process and manipulate information unlike classic computers which rely on bits ones and zeros which now we've returned as ones being voltage and zeros being no voltage and the flow of electricity quantum computers use qubits and the phenomena phenomena like superposition entanglement and quantum interference i find this fascinating now qubits the quantum equivalent of a bit classic computers are used use bits that are always in one or two states zero one meaning the voltage is either on or off basically quantum can exist in a superposition of zero and one simultaneously so that means it powers on or off at the same time. Interesting. For example, a qubit could be 70% zero and 30% one at the same time.

So maybe it's a combination. Qubits are implemented using quantum systems like electrons, spin states up and down, protons, polarized states, up and down. Protons. Polarized states. Horizontal or vertical. Atoms or ions. Energy levels. Superconducting circuits. Electrical circuit states. Superposition.

Multiple states at once. A qubit in superposition can represent multiple combinations of zeros and ones simultaneously. A two qubit system can be in a superposition of four states. This allows quantum communities to process a vast number of possibilities at once, exponentially increasing their computational power for certain problems. So it's more entanglement. This is interesting. Linking qubits together. Entanglement is a quantum phenomenon that qubits become interconnected such that the state of one qubit directly affects the state of another, no matter the distance between them. This property allows quantum communities to form coordinated positions across many qubits, creating powerful correlations that classic systems can't

replicate that's a little bit hard to understand but i kind of get it quantum gates manipulating qubits similar to logic gates in classic computers quantum gates manipulate qubits. Quantum gates like a Had-Mard gate or a CNOT gate apply specific operations to qubits, leveraging superpositions and entanglement to perform calculations. Quantum interference, choosing the right solution quantum computers use quantum interference to

amplify the probability of a correct solution and diminish incorrect ones by carefully designing quantum algorithms computations interfere with each other constructively or destructively,

steering the system toward the desired result. Chirogenics, keeping it cold. Many quantum computers, superconducting qubit systems, need to operate at extremely low temperature near zero near absolute zero to minimize environmental interference and maintain quantum coherence chirogenic systems are used to cool the quantum processor to refraction the degree above absolute zero noise in correction Quantum systems are highly sensitive to their environment, temperature, vibrations, electromagnetic interference, which can introduce quantum noise.

Quantum error correction is an area of active research to detect and migrate errors caused by noise. So that's the biggest issue with quantum computers is the noise. Quantum algorithms. Quantum computers are not faster than a class of computers for all tasks. They excel at specific problems where a quantum phenomenon offers an advantage. Shor's algorithm. Effective factorization of large numbers, useful for breaking down

chirographic codes. Grover's algorithm, fast researching of unsorted data. Quantum simulation, simulating quantum systems for material science and discovery. Then it gives a comparison between how quantum computers compared to classic. So again the classic uses

bits there are one quantum uses superpositions of one zero one. Classic computers follow classic logic where quantum computers use quantum mechanics principles then classic computers sequential operations and quantum computers use parallelism through superposition and then clacks classic computers uh determine deterministic outcome whereas quantum is a probabilistic outcome. Again this is all just a manipulation of energy. The future of quantum computings are not yet practical for general purpose computing but their unique capabilities could revolutionize fields like hieroglyphics, optimization, optimization artificial intelligence and material science then so the next thing i asked it was is quantum computers a minimization of electricity

or some or something else quantum computers do manipulate electricity in some cases but they fundamentally rely on quantum phenomenon that are not limited to electricity alone here are the different from the classic computers in their manipulation of physical systems manipulation of quantum states quantum computers use qubits uh represent state zero one and suppositions of both cubas are implemented in various systems, superconductive electricity. They manipulate electric currents in superconduction. No electrical resistance at extremely low temperatures. Trapped ions use ions trapped by magnetic fields and manipulated with lasers.

Protons use properties of light, i.e. polarization, rather than electricity. And spin bits rely on the spin of electronics, which can be manipulated by magnetic fields and microwaves. Electricity and quantum systems. Many types of quantum computers still rely on electricity to control and measure quantum states. Superconductive qubits use electrical current cooled near absolute zero. Electricity creates and manipulates the quantum states in the Jove's junctions, a key component of superconducting qubits. Control systems. Classic electrical circuits send precise pulses of microwave or radio frequency energy to manipulate qubits. Readout systems. Electricity used to measure quantum states

by converting a quantum information into a classical signal. Still later on I'm going to do my next motherboard boot up. But I was just really into this. I wanted to reread it again so I figured I might as well do it as a little podcast this morning for any technical people out there non-electrical

manipulation some quantum computers avoid direct reliance on electricity optical quantum computers use photon proton photons manipulated with mirrors beam beam splitters, and detectors. Trap ions use magnetic fields and laser pulses to manipulate ions with minimal direct electrical involvement. Nuclear magnetic resource, NMR, uses magnetic fields and radio waves to manipulate molecules in liquid quantum computer systems. Why is it not just electricity?

Classing computers fundamentally depend on the flow of electrons through transistors to represent and manipulate ones and zeros. quantum computers by contrast harness quantum phenomena like super musician entanglement and quantum tunneling which can involve particles other than electrons, protons light particles, atoms or ions manipulated by electromagnetic fields

magnetic spins controlled by magnetic fields or microwaves. And then it says the key difference. Classic computers. Entirely based on electrical circuits. Quantum. Can use electrical, optical, and other systems.

Classic computers. Manipulates electric charge and current. Quantum computers. Manipulates quantum states. Supposition. Entanglement classic computing demonstrate and binary logic probabilistic and quantum logic

pretty fun stuff here alright so while energy plays an important role in many types of quantum computers, quantum is not strictly a manipulation of electricity. It's a manipulation of quantum states, which may involve electricity, magnets, optical. Quantum computers exploit the unique properties.

And then I wrote, he often refers to quantum phenomenon. So I wrote, quantum phenomenon, break that down. Quantum phenomenon are the strange and fantastic behaviors observed in the realm of quantum mechanics. The signs of particles are at incredibly small scales like atoms and subatom particles. Here's a breakdown of the key quantum phenomenons and how they work. Now we'll go back to superposition which is quantum particles can exist in multiple states. Just kind of got a going to go with this one. Entanglement. Two quantum particles become involved, become linked. Such is the state of one.

Instantly determines the state of another, no matter how far they're apart. Wave particle duration. Which means quantum particles like electrons and protons can behave as particles, discrete entities in waves spread out energy. Example, light sometimes behaves like a wave, diffraction patterns, and sometimes like particle protons hitting a detector. Particles have a wave flow that determine

the probability of finding them in a location. When observed, they act like waves spread out, they measure, and they collapse into a particle. Quantum tunneling. This is an interesting one. Quantum particles can pass through energy barriers that would be insurmountable in classic physics. Example, an electron can tunnel through a barrier even if it doesn't have enough energy to climb over it. So that's kind of interesting. Imagine you have time travel when I think quantum tunneling. The wave function of a particle extends beyond the barrier,

giving it a small probability of pairing on the other side. Quantum Tomlin is used in technologies like flash memory and plays a role in the operation of quantum computers. Quantum Interference Quantum waves can combine in many ways that amplify or cancel out certain outcomes. When two waves overlap, they can constructively interfere, reforce each other, or destructively interfere, cancel each other out.

Wave functions probability amplifies, which describes possible outcomes, add together, influence like the otherhood of different results. Okay, so let's see's then there's the uh quantum computers use interference to amplify correct solutions and calculations while suppressing incorrect ones so that's the big thing the interference there uh hashenberg's Uncertainty Principle. What it means. You cannot precisely know both positions and momentum of a quantum particle at the same time. If you measure an electron position very accurately, you lose information about its velocity and vice versa.

How it works. This arises from the wave- like nature of the particles the more spread out the wave function is in a position the less spread out it is in the momentum and vice versa in practice this limits the precision of quantum measurements but also what makes quantum behavior so unique. I tell you I was really into this quantum computing thing lately. Quantum measurement, quantum function collapse. What it means, if you observe or measure a quantum particle, its wave function collapses into a single state.

A qubit in positions both zero and one will choose to be either 0 or 1 when measured. Before measuring, measurement of particles exists in a probastic state described by its waveform. Measurement forces the particle to adopt a defined state, eliminating the superposition. So, this is why key computers defined state eliminating the superposition. So, this is why key computers must carefully avoid premature measurements that could disrupt calculations.

So, phenomenon is superposition, particles that can exist in multiple states at once. The next phenomenon is entanglement, which is particles being linked, sharing states instantly across any distance. Wave particle duality. Particles behave like both waves and discrete particles. Quantum tunneling. Particles can pass through barriers

they shouldn't classically cross. So all the quantum computing just reminds me just everything's like science fiction. We don't quite get it but we can kind of work with it. Quantum waves amplify and cancel outcome affecting probabilities. That's quantum interference. Uncertain principle. The more precise you measure one property the less precisely you know about it it's just like somebody's out there

of a higher power that's just messing around with us with this quantum stuff you think you know what you got but then I'm going to turn it so now you don't wave function collapse measure a quantum system force into a single state I'm going to turn it so now you don't. Wave function collapse.

Measure a quantum system force into a single state. So why phenomenon matters. These phenomenons are not observable in classic physics. They provide the foundation for quantum computer capabilities they allow quantum computers to solve certain problems like large factoring large numbers simulating molecules or optimizing complex systems much faster than classic computers by leveraging probabilities and correlations that classic systems cannot replicate. So, and then I wrote, I think, when I think of quantum computers, I think of space. You're not alone

in association, space with quantum computers. Here's why space resonates with quantum computing. Quantum mechanics explores the smallest space based on the quantum mechanics particles at subatomic scales are the smallest spaces in the universe. At this teeny scale, space behaves differently. Particles can exist in superpositions and entanglement. Quantum entanglement spans infinite distances. That's interesting.

Entanglement makes it feel like quantum computers operate at a cosmic scale. Two particles can be entangled and their states are instantly correlated no matter the distance between them. Even across galaxies. I found that fascinating right there. Entanglement across galaxies. I found that fascinating right there. Entanglement across galaxies. This spooky action at distance, as Einstein called it, feels like a quantum realm transcends ordinary space. Superposition mirrors the infinite possibility of space.

A quantum particle in superposition exists in all possible states until observed, much like how space is filled with countless possibilities, stars, and galaxies waiting to be explored. Interesting. Similarly, quantum computers process many abilities simultaneously, akin to explore infinite dimensions of information. Quantum phenomenon challenges our notion of space and time. In space, relative teaches us that spaces are interconnected. In quantum mechanics, particles behave as though they can be teleported via tunneling. Entanglement suggests a form of conductivity that doesn't respect traditional space-time boundaries.

Quantum computers seem to work in the realm that the classic notions of here and there do not apply. Parallelism and multiverses. Quantum computers take advantage of quantum parallelism to explore multiple outcomes at once. This mirrors the concept of a multiverse in space physics, where many universes might exist simultaneously, just as many quantum states coexist become more measured. Pretty interesting. Cosmic applications of quantum computers. Quantum computers are being explored for space-related applications such as simulating quantum particles in stars or black holes,

optimizing space trajectories for interstellar travel, analyzing vast amounts of data with telescopes studying the universe. They even help in understanding the quantum nature of space-time itself. The infinite complexity of both realms. Space feels infinite and awe-aspiring with galaxies and stars and black holes. Quantum mechanics is equally vast, filled with possibilities and phenomenons we barely understand. Quantum computing sits at its intersection of this infinite complexity, modeling and simulating behaviors we observe both in quantum and cosmic scales.

A thought experiment, quantum space. Imagine a single particle existing simultaneously in a trillion points across the galaxy. Now imagine connecting those points through entanglement creating a quantum web spanning the universe this is a type of conceptual leap that the quantum mechanics inspires making feel inherently connected to the mysteries of space that's a lot to take the run right there. Alright, and then we're in summary. Okay. Quantum computers are

a bit like spacecraft for the mind. They help us explore the unseen, challenge our understanding of reality, and push the boundaries of what's possible. Just as space exploration reveals the vastness of the cosmos, quantum computers reveal the hidden depth

of the microscopic world, making both feel like two sides of the same, quantum computer reveals the hidden depth of the microscopic world making both feel like two sides of the same coin in humanity's quest for knowledge. Alright, so I'm gonna skip that part. So then I went on to... I had another thing here but I'm going to skip that. There's a question I had. Wow, that's it. There's another part to this. Although I was asking a lot more questions and getting a lot more answers. I was talking about Raspberry Pis and AI. AI chip for Raspberry Pis.

I was asking about that. Why is there so many components on the motherboard? AI Raspberry Pi something that we instead of having all those things to manipulate electricity says how can I simulate a single alright so I was asking about it gave me some programs that I can simulate

ones and zeros because I want to just like see it simulation Simulation approaches, tools, LTSpice simulation, Tina-TI free, Multiism, Falco circuit simulator. so some fun things I want to go gave me a code for Python simulation but then we go on doing so that's all about kind of learning what I've already told gives you some calculations for qubits and just crazy stuff methods to simulate a qubit. I was trying to find a way to. You can use. QS kit. Q-I-S-K-I-T. By ABM. C-I-R-Q by Google.

And Penny Lane for simulations. So we're definitely going to do that. Build a matrix based simulation. Gives me a qubit. Another. Python code. Alright, so that's simulation. So let's go to the other part. There's another part that extends for what we're talking about. And the question was...

Oh, did I miss it? Oh, here it is. Here we go. What other energy could be manipulated to use a computer or to make a computer? So, beyond electricity, there are several forms of energy or physical phenomenons that can theoretically be manipulated to create a computable system. And that's what we got really, really fun now. While many of these are still experimental. So I said, well, if electricity is energy,

and then if you're saying quantum is a phenomenon energy of some kind, what other energy can we use? And he gave me a whole bunch of them. I was like, oh, wow, I didn't think about that one. All right, so we'll just kind of do a quick photonic computing, light. Instead of using electrical signals, photonic computing uses light to process and transfer information. Light can be traveled through optic fibers or wavelengths at the speed of light, reducing latency.

Van energy is very fast and energy efficient. No heat dissipation. Because remember, electricity is all that heat you give off. Therefore, you have all those heat sinks and all that. So these other ones that Sippy shows me here, most of them don't have any heat at all.

Optical processes for high energy data transfer and AI tasks. The second one is mechanical computing. Mechanical systems can be physical motion or position to represent and process data. Historically devices like the BAA-G-E, different engine and punch cards use that. So that's the early, but it's saying that in environments you can use it in environments where electrical devices can't work that well. Nanoelectric Mechanical Systems, N-E-M-S, a study for mechanical computing at microscopic scales. This one I like. I think this one's really cool. Magnetic computing. Data is represented by the orientation of magnetic fields, spin states of electronics. Spintronics uses the spin of electrons rather than their charge to represent data advantages non vial to vial storage data remains data remains even

without power so not so there's no volt you don't worry about voltage highly energy efficient applications magnetic ram mram used in commercial use so there is an mram out there pretty cool potential for nomadic computing and brain inspired architecture textures uh current process research and magnetic domain walls in sky monroons for faster more effective data process this is the next one chemical computing so again we're all talking about the manipulation of an energy to make a computer this was it started with what we already have which is electricity and now we're going to the other ones that look like some of them are already in kind of in use so chemical computing chemical reactions are used to represent and process information with molecules based on bits. Advantage can perform massively parallel computing due to molecular interaction.

Application. Solving complex, optimized problems. DNA computing for bioinformations. informations common process database computers have solved specific problems like the homineth homothin path problem h-m-h-m-h-a-m-i-l-t-o-n-i-n path problem must be a big problem so that's and then we go to goodwill hunting as i was just thinking of uh that problem there i think goodwill hunting was one of the big math problems he figured it out so as you as i'm doing this you gotta remember that we as a human being are the energy so we have actually have our own computing which at the end i asked him about that but we'll finish we're on the next one all right so my next energy that I can make a computer with is biological energy use biological

systems such as a dna proton or cells to perform computations synthetic biology can engineer cells to perform information like a circuit. So the advantage is extremely energy efficient and capable of massive parallel processing. Integrates naturally with biological systems, medical diagnosis, applications of medical diagnosis, biointervention, and environmental monitoring. Current processing is DNA. DNA circuits and CRISPR-based computing aren't being developed. Quantum computers, we did that one. Here's the next one. So we're on number seven.

Thermal computing with heat. Heat temperature differences is used to represent and process information. It can function in systems where heat is already abundant. Thermoelectric processors for energy harvesting in low power environments. Research into thermal transistors and heat driven logic gates is ongoing so you always have to have a transistor you have to have a logic gate then you have to have an energy it's kind of where i go well this is a really cool one too acoustical computing let's see where i'm at oh cool go i really wanted to do this today so acoustical computing uh how it works uses sound

waves photons to process and transmit transmit data advantage the energy I just lost it I lost it there it is uh advantages energy efficient capable of traveling in unique mediums applications underwater or environment remote environments where sound travels better than electricity so acoustic computer underwater research and surface acoustic wave saw devices for signal processing. It's like a submarine I would think of something like that. This is a really cool one too. Gravitational computing. Hypothetical system that uses gravitational fields or wave manipulation for computing. Could work on a cosmetic I mean a cosmic scales hypothetical this may be used in a theoretical physics or spaced based

system. Current theory tied to quantum gravity and advanced physics. And yet another one. Fluidic computing. How it works. Uses the flow of fluids to represent and process information. Can operate in extreme environments where electricity fail. Harsh environment for monitoring or underwater robotics. there's another one for under the water micro fluidic systems are used in labs for chemical analysis so there is some alright so

then we're at the conclusion and then we'll end it at that for now there's a lot to take in who conclusion while energy dominates modern computing the exploration of it, alternative energy forms is expanding the horizon of technology each type, whether light magnetism

biology or sound, offers unique advantages for specific applications these alternative paradigms might not completely replace electronic computing, but could complement it, enabling breakthroughs in areas like AI, robotics, medicine, and space exploration.

So we'll leave it at that. That's lots of fun, huh? So it all comes down to the energy. But I'm still going to learn. I'm still going to go back to ones and zeros. Logic gates there. Transistors.

Try to see if I can... There's places where I can simulate it so I can understand at the core of what a CPU is doing is what I'm trying to understand so at 56 i can learn lots of new fun stuff going forward all right so that's my little um uh best of what energy can be used for energy as a computer all right so i'll pick a system for later motherboard we'll we'll talk about i'm going to do nes when i get a little bit later on today all right i'll see you in a little bit all right bye