How I Invest with David Weisburd - E362: Why Jensen Huang Believes Physical AI will be a $50 Trillion Market

Episode Date: May 5, 2026

What if the biggest opportunity in AI isn’t intelligence—but the missing data layer for the physical world? In this episode, I sit down with Daniel Jacker, CEO and Co-Founder of ZaiNar, to discus...s why physical AI could become a $50 trillion market and the infrastructure required to make it work. Daniel explains how turning wireless networks into a real-time sensing layer unlocks entirely new capabilities across industries, why the absence of physical-world data is the biggest bottleneck in AI today, and how his company spent nearly a decade in stealth building a foundational technology before scaling. We also explore swarm intelligence, robotics, and where value will accrue as AI moves from digital to physical environments.

Transcript
Discussion (0)
Starting point is 00:00:00 Danny, you're the founder and CEO of Zanar, which was a stealth for nine years, which is impressive in itself. But then you became a unicorn. Jensen Wing recently publicly said that physical AI is going to be a $50 trillion market. What is physical AI? Physical eye is the application of AI to the physical world, meaning anytime you're not sitting behind a screen during code, images, or text, and you're actually physically moving things.
Starting point is 00:00:24 Whether that be a robot or a human, it's how do you optimize that using AI? So essentially everything in the world that's not on your computer. pretty much. I know you have over 100 patents and you've been working on this for a decade, but how would you describe what you do in a simple way? How would you describe it to an eighth grader? So we take every single communication network,
Starting point is 00:00:41 whether it's Wi-Fi, 5G, or satellite, and we turn that connectivity network into a massive sensor that can locate any device that is on that network. That's phone, car, drone, robot, IoT device, better than a meter typically sub 10 centimeters using just the fact that it's on the network. There's no software on the user device.
Starting point is 00:01:02 There's no battery drain on the user device. They're just, it's going to a TV signal. And we do that without adding anything to the network, you're not adding physical antennas or beacons. We're just using software that standards compliant where the processing happens on the communication network, making it incredibly scalable. So how does Zynar fit in to the broader ecosystem of physical AI?
Starting point is 00:01:20 So we're actually just with the leads of all the different physical AI companies last night discussing this. And we've come to a show. shared understanding. Zynar is the central nervous system. We know we're everything, everywhere, all at once. It's that data point. It's we're using the sensors that are already that we turn the network into a sensor, just like your nervous system is. Your AI companies, right, your LLM companies are taking that data and putting the algorithms around it to make change or recommendations behind it. And then your robotics companies are your physical, your arms, your legs that are
Starting point is 00:01:51 literally picking things up and moving them. So where the nervous system, you've got the sort of the brain that's sort of analyzing what to do is. it and then you've got your robots that move things around. I get why physical AI is going to be important when we have a bunch of robots, a bunch of optimists running around. But why is physical AI important today? Physically AI is important today for what we do is to get ready for tomorrow with that from a training perspective.
Starting point is 00:02:16 But it's more than just robots. So I think that's a big misconception of physically AI that it's just robots moving around and moving things. The same information that you would power a robot to have swarm intelligence or make better coordination of what's happening around the environment, you can give to human workers today to level them up to make them safer, more efficient, more effective. What are some industries that could benefit from that and maybe double-click on some of the use cases today? We're working almost every single industry. So it's not where can you apply it? I thought there's very
Starting point is 00:02:45 few applications where you cannot apply it. We're in construction. We're in manufacturing. We're in warehousing. We're in healthcare. We're in mining. We're in port. You name it. So essentially anywhere where there's humans and human labor could be applied to physical AI. So you mentioned construction. Give me an example of how physical AI could benefit construction. Well, we're already doing this, right? And so we're doing this all over the world on construction sites. Think billion dollar projects, whether it's a stadium or a mall or some infrastructure project, they're renting lots of equipment every day. And per day, a piece of equipment may cost a couple hundred dollars or a couple thousand dollars to rent. And if it's idle, more than two days,
Starting point is 00:03:21 it's actually cheaper to send it away and bring it back. Now, that never happens in construction. Why? Because things are run on a weekly basis, a monthly basis. A site manager says, I don't use that dump truck three weeks in now, so let it sit. Overages are insane. Just to give you some real numbers. One of our clients just bought one of the biggest airports in the U.S. They went $300 million over budget. $120 million was this one issue.
Starting point is 00:03:40 So what did we do? We tell you, at the end of the day, you had 15 pieces of equipment that didn't move. You know, a 20 that moved, but there were non-profitable moves. This moved out of the way. Gangs were grand enough to tell the difference. And you another 30 that you duplicate stuff that would never use the same time. But go more than that. We do progress tracking.
Starting point is 00:03:54 Let's save a dump truck. It's supposed to make 50 trips in a day. Some point's supposed to make 30. It's only made 20. We're sending you alert, sitting you running behind schedule. But what's crazy about all these things, and I can go on and on applications, we go one step further.
Starting point is 00:04:05 We've now layered on a GenDick AI on top of that to really change your behavior as an individual level. And so in that exactly example, that we're running behind schedule. We don't just tell you you you're running behind schedule. We tell you right now, you've got two jump trucks on site that aren't being used. You have three people on site that are certified to operate them.
Starting point is 00:04:22 One is in a non-critical path task. would you like us to proactively reallocate that worker to make this delay for you? Yes, great. Reallocate that worker now. This is not some theory. We're doing this now. I mentioned in the open you have 90 patents, granted. You have 120 patents in total.
Starting point is 00:04:36 These are very technical challenges that you've developed over a decade. So I'm going to ask you to dumb it down to maybe an eighth grader. How exactly are you gathering the physical AI data that you need for somebody like a construction site to make these decisions? Let me answer in a couple ways. but it's even more of patents, that but that's fine. How many patents? There's been over 95 issued,
Starting point is 00:04:58 I think closer to 130-something file, but we actually never had a rejection in any of our claims because that's just how different it is what we're doing. What most of we don't realize is that we realized very long time ago, the beginnings of the company, is that there's been this massive shift
Starting point is 00:05:11 towards wireless. Go back 10 years ago, right? Everything still played everything in with the Ethernet cords and things like that. We saw the shift going to wireless. What was driving that? You can now got software-defined radios that are embedded in every single piece of communication network,
Starting point is 00:05:25 whether it's Wi-Fi, 5G, satellite, and software-defined radios enable you to define radios via software. You can write lines of code for things that used to be fixed. And that's really the big unlock is now we can manipulate and understand things in ways we just couldn't. And so what we're really doing as a company is turning these signals that are whipping around through all of us. You've got your phone, your pocket, you've got a smart watch,
Starting point is 00:05:46 you've got your laptop, whipping through the air. We're able to identify and locate point of origin to sub 10 centimeters, which becomes essentially the central nervous system for this whole ecosystem where you know where every single thing is, phone, car, drone, robot, IOTD device in real time, incredibly accurate, always. So when you're dealing with this construction site, you're focusing on existing technology that are in people's phones and you have some other pretty simple off-the-shelf technology.
Starting point is 00:06:12 We're leveraging the networks that are already there and we put a piece of software in the network that allows you to locate an ID any device that is getting internet or connection from that network automatically in real time. So it gives you a perfect visibility of every single person, every single thing, every single robot in real time. And I'm happy to talk sort of the basic physics
Starting point is 00:06:35 and how we do these things or the gaps on where physically data sets are. I may regret this, but tell me about the basic physics. So it's what you learned back in middle school. Distance equals right times time. You remember the story of problems where a train leaves the station going 60 miles an hour, where is it now or later?
Starting point is 00:06:53 Radio waves travel at a constant rate, speed of light, which is 30 centimeters per nanosecond. The core of Ziner's technology is our ability to synchronize and distribute time thousand to 10,000 times better than any more so the world sub-nanosecond. What does that mean? Well, if every nanosecond translates to 30 centimeters of accuracy, which is that's how fast the speed of light goes,
Starting point is 00:07:15 we're better than a nanosecond, so we get really accurate location. So you're able to track just in time, literally in real time where everybody is. Exactly right. Because literally using distance goes right times to time because speed of light is 30 centimeters per nanosecond so we can measure time to a nanosecond,
Starting point is 00:07:29 the location 30 centimeters. We're better than a nanosecond so we get incredibly accurate location. One of mind-blowing things I'm still trying to wrap my head around is that you guys stayed stealth for nine years. How did you manage to recruit and build a business in stealth mode for nine years? So one, it wasn't always easy from that
Starting point is 00:07:46 just kind of seeing peers and things go out, but our close rate has been almost a hundred, 100%. And the reason is the challenge that we're going after that we've solved, tactical people get that. And we were very fortunate coming out of Stanford and having very early hires that are incredibly senior in their field in the first 10 people in the company. That had people come to us say, hey, I want to work with this researcher. I want to work with these people. And we got the best of the best talent. We've been able to get pretty much anyone we ever wanted. It seems it is incratic, but this is something I see in every single deep, great deep tech startup is their talent magnets.
Starting point is 00:08:22 There's a story of Elon Musk when you were first starting out SpaceX in the first three years. And a Stanford professor in the newspaper wrote this piece saying, I don't know what this company is, SpaceX, but five of the top 10 students I've ever had have joined this company called SpaceX. And Elon reached out and asked to get lunch with him. And the professor very quickly after 10 minutes realized that Elon wanted to know the other five people that had not yet joined SpaceX. incessant drive to hire the very best people that becomes, I would argue, a moat in of itself.
Starting point is 00:08:52 If you bring talent, talent will go out and actually build a company for you. The talent that we have here is second to none. And that's what it gets, it just, it's addicting, right? It's people come and they stay.
Starting point is 00:09:04 And the other thing is about it. Not only is people incredibly accomplished, the money people that left seven figure jobs to join us is half our team. It's our entire executive, literally every single person on our company, it's a VP lover of above. has personally founded or been an executive at a company that took from zero to over a billion
Starting point is 00:09:22 dollars in location in data space. But you know what? If you didn't know it, you'd have no idea. These people have no egos. We're solving an amazing problem. They're trying to solve their whole career and they're here because we've solved it. There are very few opportunities. You can join a company. It's going to be a trillion-dollar company. That's why, you mentioned SpaceX. We shared board members with SpaceX, right? We share board members. Steve Jefferson. Steve Gerritsen, yeah. And that it's really the same set of investors that we have. Take me back to your origin story. How did you start? And when did you first have an inkling that this could be big?
Starting point is 00:09:49 I met Phil, our co-founder at Stanford. And guess what? He was the smartest person I've ever met my life, still to this day. Applied physics, PhD, Lusheromasters. And he was working on some of the beginnings of Ziner. At the time, we did not realize the implications. We did it was big, but didn't just realize how fundamental and big it was. And again, it goes back to what I was saying earlier, is that we saw these megatrends, right?
Starting point is 00:10:14 Shift towards wireless. shift towards more connectivity, more devices, the ability and ubiquity and falling in price point of software-difying radios are embedded in everything. And that's what realized that, oh my goodness,
Starting point is 00:10:28 if you know and can read where every signal is at a point of origin, the amount of $100 billion markets is endless that this comes up. And I'll tell you, though, a lot of our professors, beginning at Stanford,
Starting point is 00:10:41 thought what we were doing was interesting, but also crazy. Because the way we're doing is totally different than anyone else. Let's make over 120-something patents, and we've never had a single rejection in any of our claims. But they all say the same thing.
Starting point is 00:10:52 But if it works, you're going to be orders of magnitude better and say an industry game changer. We took the bet and it works and here we are. And you were at Stanford Business School? And how did that come together? So actually, Phil and I were both admits to David Kelly's design school class,
Starting point is 00:11:09 design garage. It's actually four professors. It's the top head for professors. It's multi-discipline. of is multidisciplinary of the design school, which is like David Kelly, Bill Burnett, and about 17 students. It's about 30 hours a week commitment.
Starting point is 00:11:23 It's incredibly intense on design thinking. And literally after the Admit day, I ran to Phil the next day on campus, and we started talking. And then after, and I remembered Phil because he struck me in someone who's just one of these Stanford, you know, you go to Stanford hoping to find someone like this who's just next level smart.
Starting point is 00:11:42 It's crazy. And so I was interesting. What's the industry about? What's excited about? And that was the beginning of Ziner. Literally, fast forward to January of that same year, this was like, and this was probably November. And in January of, you know, during break,
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Starting point is 00:13:53 How difficult was it? And what were some of your strategies for raising capital earlier? We've actually been very fortunate. With deep tech and the talent that we have, we had very patient capital very early who understood the implications. And they understood that deep tech is very hard and takes 10 years to monetize. And that's where about two. two years ahead schedule, believe it or not.
Starting point is 00:14:15 And so first was Jerry Yang, who is founder of Yahoo, totally got it and got us in touch. Ultimately, it was Steve who ended up leading around that front. And each step of the way, surprisingly, was actually a very calculated diligent step on this massive roadmap that are designed to systematically de-risk the technology. And that's what we've done. And it took nine years to do it. But we've done it and we've done it and ready for scale. It's funny because some companies are built almost on these momentum machines, these hype cycles and these PR cycles. And some companies like Zanar are built on the scientific method essentially, almost like an FDA-approved drug, you're taking it down the milestone.
Starting point is 00:14:54 That means exactly. Now, I will say we weren't immune to that. We did have one pivot our first year. And we've never looked back since. If you go back to any of or even pitch decks from eight years ago, they're identical to now. But I even use some of the same slides. That's how on path we have. But I will say we actually did have a pivot because in 2017, that's the,
Starting point is 00:15:11 So in all the self-driving car companies and things were coming out, and the first product we made was a car sensor. We could detect every single car using their tire pressure sensors and ID them. And it was our first demo. You pull off Stanford Campus Drive. You go over a speed bump and through one foot concrete wall 50 meters away. You can ID and locate every car. We built it. And then we realized, what the fuck are we doing?
Starting point is 00:15:31 This could be so much bigger, so much more foundational, while we're messing around in this. And that's where we did reset. These are design thinking skills. We interviewed hundreds of businesses to understand what they could do with it. And the crazy thing is, everyone had unlimited use cases. So we knew it was going to be big. And then just to kind of fast forward, five years ago, is when we realized physically I was going to be big.
Starting point is 00:15:51 And that's what we deliberately did not go out of stealth. We wanted to capture the market, make sure that we were ready for scale, not to tip our hand. So now we are 1,000 and 10,000 times better than the next best and foundational to it. Focus is such an important thing for startup. Some undergots, a number one thing. How do you build a business that has so many use cases?
Starting point is 00:16:10 and what are the first principles? From a first principles perspective, it's always actually designed with the end in mind and work backwards. And ultimately, we are designing for scale, which ultimately actually is 5G. That's always been our plan. And so we migrated from ZigB to Wi-Fi to 5G,
Starting point is 00:16:27 but we couldn't start with 5G from a roadmap perspective. Why? Because no third party is just going to integrate with you. You have to prove out the technology. We could prove it out with Wi-Fi, which is what you see as a legacy business. But we deliberately did not go in and try to monetize Wi-Map
Starting point is 00:16:40 to the fullest extent possible because we knew it was a distraction that was not the end game. We wanted to show we could, but now that we wanted to go and persecute it, that's why we have hundreds of millions of dollars on contracts. It's one of the most underrated aspects of how Elon builds his business. It's in many ways an ultimate paradox. One is he's able to think 10, 20, 30 years ahead, but he understands the value of a demo. You must show mere humans and mere mortals, very fully encapsulated demo of it working before they believe they're not going to understand the physics.
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Starting point is 00:20:51 It's couldn't be more. And literally every step of the way, we had demonstrable milestones to help unlock next to the funding or help unlock what are the next of experiments we're doing. Again, two point scientific method. We went from simulation, which got us the first money.
Starting point is 00:21:03 Doing this on software defined radios, being able to synchronize and distribute time across the system sub-dano second, wirelessly across a soccer field. Then from there, we switched protocols to Wi-Fi. Should we can do that there? And guess what? We spent the last five years deploying in the most challenging real-world environments,
Starting point is 00:21:18 light construction, that's 50 meters underground. Every six feet is a layer of solid metal, bottom layers, water going up and down, things that are constantly changing where it's very clear nothing else works. And by only proving it out to ourselves that we work where nothing else possibly can and we work flawlessly that we're ready for scale. But we've been very fortunate to have these massive, corporations as co-development partners that allow us to actually test and deploy on their sites all over the world to really perfect our technology and make it to the scalable point of today.
Starting point is 00:21:46 Through these years of stealth, this years of people questioning whether your sanity, I imagine, and I'm sure family members as well, have you built this muscle of resilience or were you always just like bullheaded and just didn't care? A lot of people may describe me as shameless. I don't give a fuck, right? It's true. Was it always the case? It's always been the case.
Starting point is 00:22:04 I've always had an incredibly thick skin. You know, a rejection has never been. I'm very much, you missed 100% the shots you don't take. And I think that's, you know, we're taking a big swing here. And guess what? We hit it. And I honestly believe we're sitting on, you know, probably one of the most valuable potential companies out there.
Starting point is 00:22:23 Because the implication, and that's what attracts everybody here is there are very few opportunities in life that you can work on something that's so foundational that touches so many industries. There's the before and after GPS, before and after AI. for and after internet. I think we're of that magnitude. And guess what? Most of our investors,
Starting point is 00:22:38 and that's all of our investors typically do. Talk to me about your strategic partnerships and how critical were they to the development of the company? We're mostly financial led. We do have select strategics that have been helpful in terms of opening doors, allowing us to test in their facilities and prove out use cases. And from that point, it's like outsourcing their R&D,
Starting point is 00:22:56 to solving massive problems for them. And for us, it's this amazing field that we couldn't possibly dream of building ourselves that we can get to go out and deploy in the real world, people doing random stuff. Very few percentage of our cap table strategic. Take me to 2036, 10 years from now. How will physical AI affect the world and affect the financial markets?
Starting point is 00:23:15 It's going to be everything, right? And so what we're building, think of us as the nervous system. We know where everything, everywhere, all at once is, just like the movie, right, where things are. That gives you that. Now, there's different components. We're the data layer, right? That sensing layer that builds everything.
Starting point is 00:23:31 Your AI companies are then the brain that are taking all that data, inputs and making your algorithms, your outcomes, and your robotics companies are like your arm, right, you're literally picking things up and moving them. But we're that foundational layer that's literally sensing everything around it. This is going to change every single industry, period. And because what we're doing is not just physical. So physical is a huge application we're doing, but timing in and of itself, you can massively increase throughput in data centers. You can load balance energy grids, if detect traveling wave fault detection. This is a foundational
Starting point is 00:23:59 technology that spans so much more than that. But I do want to spend time on talking about the missing data sat and physically. Because that's really where we come into play now, and you don't need some futuristic story behind it. Talk to me about that. So right now, AI, all the big AI companies, all of the data that they're training their models on comes from the Internet.
Starting point is 00:24:19 It's code, its images, it's text. But they have no way to break up from the digital domain to the physical world. As you said, Jensen puts out a $50 trillion market. But the problem is, unlike the Internet, which is the corpus of human knowledge, that data set for physical eye doesn't exist. But why doesn't exist?
Starting point is 00:24:37 Well, location today happens like on your phone, happens on your device. There's no central repository I can go pull and train from. Camera networks are destroying. You have to connect them. You then also have to annotate them which is not feasible.
Starting point is 00:24:48 So to unlock the dataset, you actually need three things. One, it has to be centralized, but centralized at scale for every device, phones, cars, drones, robots, IoT devices. Two, it has to be accurate. So it has to be better than a meter. We're way better than it.
Starting point is 00:25:01 It was like single-dited centimeter or I'm not that. And the third thing is actually not obvious. It's timing. And why is that? Well, in order to understand interactions across objects, they have to be in the same time plane. Why?
Starting point is 00:25:13 Every action is an equal and opposite reaction. So if you're off by a fraction of a second, you actually train your model on the exact opposite physics of what's happening. And so not to go down a rabbit hole, but it turns out you need nanosecond level sinking, and we're better than nanosex. Is that that physics for every reaction?
Starting point is 00:25:26 That's exactly right. Because again, every bump and I think that's also six, right? Yeah, exactly. But, you know, it's sixth grade change my life. There we go. Who knew? But the foundational principles. And so what we're doing now is we're the only company that's creating these 2D and 3D vectors
Starting point is 00:25:41 of how things move about at an enormous scale grounded in real world. Then you have all your world models and simulations that get built off of that real data. And that's become the fun. And guess what? That's what people are paying for right now because they need to build out these systems. Once you know where every phone card drone robot IT is in real time, the amount of optimization at a city level you can start to do. Think traffic management.
Starting point is 00:26:00 But first response for public safety, again, it embeds in every single system. But also, I've talked about just robotics. I think people know we're working with a lot of robotics companies. It's sort of classic. We haven't taught about that yet, but happy to share more there. Yeah, I want to go specifically. Last time we chatted, you said something that blew my mind, which is the future of IoT and a physical AI will be swarm, not linear.
Starting point is 00:26:21 Talk to me about that. Yeah, that's a great, great, great point. Why are all the robot companies coming to us to work with this? Because they all use cameras today or slam to know how they are. The problem with that is you only know where things are you can visually see. Even knowing where you are is a challenge. Because if you're a robot and you're looking at a white wall and every single wall is white, well, the only way to know where you are is keep track of where you've been.
Starting point is 00:26:42 I pass by room 23C. And the longer you operate, the more you have to keep track of. It's called inference stacking because the compute compounds and the errors drift. It's a huge topic of invidia. What we do is we take all that processing, we take it off the robot, and you put it on the edge, freeing up the robot for higher functioning. tasks. Some of about 20 millisecond latency, we're giving a real-time feed of where the robot is in the context of its environment. But in that feed, we tell the robot not just where it is.
Starting point is 00:27:06 We tell where every other robot is, where every human worker is, where every piece of equipment is, not online a site in real-time. And what do we just do? To your point, we just unlock swarm intelligence, because now you can have coordination at the enterprise level, just like we talked about a second at the city level for optimization. And the big shift we're seeing with all these robotics companies is there now just getting to the point of maturity where they don't need to just focus on get into robots to work. They're not trying to figure out how do I optimize my fleet? How do I optimize my system? And this comes more and more important. You see major companies shift from just camera only because people just have eyes. If I can get if I can rationalize and move about, that's good enough.
Starting point is 00:27:41 Well, they're realizing that was a huge flawed assumption. Well, because that assumes robots can only ever be as good as humans or marginally better. Robots can be way fucking better because they can operate as a unit and swarm and groups in ways we can't even imagine about collaborating. And so that's what really the future is unlocking. We're enabling. We're enabling. that, but it's not to then we're unlocking the human potential today, but making humans smarter and be able to act more efficiently as a group. Right now you have a lot of capital going into robotics specifically, Optimus with SpaceX, figure.
Starting point is 00:28:11 What's the future of robotics and how quickly do we get there? So my view may be a little bit different from what you see in the press because we're working with a lot of these companies. The vision of the robot doing your dishes in your home, I think we're a long way for that. Have you been reading my chat, you can do? But I think the reason is, right, those environments, the stakes are so high and they're so complex, right? The robot falls over and squishes your kid. Oops, I knocked over grandma's ashes, right?
Starting point is 00:28:39 It's just impossibly too high. And so I think the great applications of robotics now are for controlled environments in industrial environments that are clean, not moving around too much, that are repeatable, simple tasks. Over time, we'll get better at that. And I get it. Why do all these companies go to the home and talk about it? There's actually a good answer for that. And it's not because they want to serve the home. It's because they're training their models in complexity.
Starting point is 00:29:02 If you don't train your model now in all the variables of change and complexity, you train your models that are too simplified and they don't scale beyond industrial. Now, industrial is one of the biggest markets, so it's not a bad approach just to go do that, but they're building for the end game. There's all these big companies, they want to be able to scale everywhere. But you can't do that if you have a very simple model on it. The other thing I think that it's going to change is we're very obsessed with humanites. And it makes sense, right?
Starting point is 00:29:27 Because like make things in our own image. It's what sci-fi has been growing up on things. And most of these built industrial environments were made for humans. So if you have something that acts like a human, you can get around and do most activities. But that is crazy, in my opinion. Why? Because why am I making a robot that is two arms? Why doesn't I have 10?
Starting point is 00:29:43 It can be so much more efficient. And I think it's a comfort level thing. So over time, robots are going to look less and less like humans. They're going to be designed for function that's repeatable and optimized for the set of tasks that they're doing. That's why I love these robots that are like cart robots. They're automating cart pushing. Do how much time we spend car pushing a ton? If we automate it's simple tasks, it's repeatable, but now they can store and move things.
Starting point is 00:30:05 That's way more economical than something that's universally ubiquitous, which is almost an impossibly large challenge. And so we are going to get there, right? It's just, it's going to go step by step, industry by industry. You've got to train the model with physically ID data for the all the same thing. Because it's fine dandy if your robot has 10 hands or if it flies, but if it doesn't know down to the millisecond exactly what's going on on your shop, floor, then it can't really react to real information. Knowing where it is in the context of its environment is incredibly important. I think what we're doing is two things.
Starting point is 00:30:34 One, how do I even get there? Well, you have to train in simulation. But if your simulation's not grounded in real data, you're training in bogus and things break and get created. And that's the problem. That's the missing data set is because it doesn't have the internet, right? There's the corpus of human knowledge to train on images, code, and text. You're training on physical movements.
Starting point is 00:30:53 There is no data set for that. We are that data set. We are the internet, just like the internet was for, you know, actual AI. We are the internet for physical AI equivalent because we're that missing data set at enormous scale. And that's why it's so valuable. Side of investing in your company, which we can't solicit here, smart investors start thinking about building portfolios for a physical AI world.
Starting point is 00:31:16 Where should they invest their money? Yeah. It's what are the inputs, right? There's going to be thousands of robotics companies picking the winner is going to be hard. That's it. Now, a couple will emerge. And so it's what are the inputs that everyone has to use, the picture and shovels, it's the data layers.
Starting point is 00:31:30 It's the processing, it's the edge compute. It's things that are the need of the inputs regardless of who the winner is. Also, if you want to get into robotics, that's okay. It's figuring out someone who's figured out a really good repeatable task that there's a lot of that happens all over, like moving carts or picking shelves or something that's repeatable and great. And they're going to go and nail it. Is it the biggest hand in the world?
Starting point is 00:31:53 No. but you can get a good return because it's going to automate things and help us scale into it. That's where the value is going to accrue, the data later. I think the data, absolutely. And it's also inputs.
Starting point is 00:32:03 It's the compute layers. It's anyone, like in video, I think it's a great investment still, right? It's anyone that's going to have a critical input that regardless of which individual company is the winner is going to win. Going full circle to how we started, Jensen Wang said that physical AI is going to be a $50 trillion market. Do you take the over or the under on that?
Starting point is 00:32:22 I think it matters. which time horizon. Ultimately, it will become everything, right? Like, you go fast forward enough in the future, everything will be automated. And guess what? You're going to need to know where everything everywhere all ones is, and that's the way that we provide. And how do you quantify that? Where does this $50 trillion come from? It's human labor of how things globally, right? That's how things move. If you can automate. So that's just today's number. Yeah. And guess what? It's going to push us in ways we can't even imagine. I'm not going to look at you and tell you, I know exactly what the future is going to make. No one does. But what I can say is we're going
Starting point is 00:32:52 in one direction, which is towards automation, whether that's in your coding online, right? Look at what that's done, like a cloud code or anything that's done, which those things. The same thing is going to happen in the physical space. It's going to take longer because the data sets not there. It's hard to do that. Those are to be the last jobs that get augmented, which is why what we love about what we're doing, this is not some just futuristic things in come the future. We are meat and potatoes applications right now.
Starting point is 00:33:15 They're deployed right now all over the world. Why? Because we're leveling up human workers by giving a better situational awareness to meet their jobs. safer and more efficient and it's saving companies and then both safety and millions of dollars. It's very underestimated, but you found a way to bridge the gap to the robotics future while actually making money and building an profit way. And not only that, are we helping enterprises in just a phenomenal way? The data that's going on helping those enterprises, it's what's then using to then train.
Starting point is 00:33:44 You're building your remote. Exactly. It's an amazing virtual cycle. I told you, what we do things is incredibly deliberate, right? We've kind of plotted out the sort of, you know, whole chess game and step by step for going through it. What have you changed your mind on very recently that's changed fundamentally how you run the business?
Starting point is 00:34:03 One of the things that I understand if it was super recently, but it was certainly a big shift in the company is we're very remote friendly. Initially, we were Silicon Valley only and having everyone in here, we thought was super important. It's good, but we realize we're limiting ourselves because the talent flu is not just Silicon Valley. It's global. We have offices now. We have a whole lab in Europe.
Starting point is 00:34:23 We've just opened up one in Japan. We've got different hubs all across the U.S. And if you look around here, you see we've got robots all over. And what do we see? You actually see this on these move, I'm sure, in the background, because we got our team all over the world. You can mode in and remove robots and have them move to different ground troops. They can test algorithms 24-7.
Starting point is 00:34:43 And we do that day and night over the weekend as well and have people run different tests that are repeatable, in a scalable way in ways that you can't do if you're just local. What's your biggest regret since starting the company a decade ago?
Starting point is 00:34:55 Even though in the beginning, we were sooner to go in these challenging real world environments. A lot of what we did in the first year or two was theoretical. We were in sort of lab environments
Starting point is 00:35:03 or very controlled environments, which is important to do from a scientific method. You want to control variable by variable. But just even understanding what we're getting into is, you know, it would have been helpful
Starting point is 00:35:12 because you can do better design end game by better understanding the end game. Well, Danny, I don't know any, smart investor that's not focused on physical AI as the next step after the LLMs. And congratulations on what you've built in just nine years of being in stealth and all the success they've had. Thank you. It's just the beginning.

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