Huberman Lab - Essentials: The Science & Practice of Movement | Ido Portal

Episode Date: February 5, 2026

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Ido Portal, a movement coach and world expert on human movement. We explore the science and practice of movement, including how the nervous system shapes our actions, the distinction between reflexive and deliberate movement patterns and how emotion and awareness influence our movement. Ido shares how to build a holistic movement practice into everyday life through an exploration-based approach grounded in playfulness and self-inquiry. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Ido Portal (00:00:20) Movement Practice, Self-Inquiry (00:02:08) Wordlessness, 3 Core Elements of the Body; Focus & Movement (00:06:35) Sponsor: LMNT (00:08:09) Mental & Physical Postures; Virtuosity (00:12:36) Vision & Eyes; Focus vs Relaxed Vision; Tool: Panoramic View (00:17:53) Hearing; Different Opinions (00:20:59) Body Shape; Developing Many Walks (00:23:53) Sponsor: AG1 (00:24:45) Playful Exploration, Openness (00:27:25) Peripersonal Space & Movement, Proximity, Reactivity, Discomfort (00:32:18) Exercise, Traditional Movements; Examination of Movement (00:37:43) Exploration; Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to Huberman Lab Essentials, where we revisit past episodes for the most potent and actionable science-based tools for mental health, physical health, and performance. I'm Andrew Huberman, and I'm a professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford School of Medicine. And now for my discussion with Ido Portal. Ido, thank you for coming here today. Over the years, we've been in communication, and I've come to realize that you're a true intellectual of the topic of movement. And I define an intellectual as somebody who can understand a topic at multiple levels of granularity. To start off, could you inform us how people should think about approaching a movement practice?

What is the first layer of any good movement practice? It's an open system. It has no center. It's decentralized. And it can be approached from anywhere. And that's its magic. And that's the benefit of it. some people find the body a good entry point. And then playfulness can be an entry point, an attribute, and this is so open. So I don't want to limit people and limit their minds in the way that they engage with a practice, but I also want to encourage the self-inquiry. So when people enter movement practice, it is about education, bringing some awareness

to the fact that they are living in a body, that they are living in motion, that their mind is a type of movement, that their life is a type of movement, bringing attention to the movement of the emotions as well, bringing just attention to the fact that things are in motion. And this for me is the movement practice, is this examination and bringing this awareness into things.

As we sit now here, I'm also aware of my body, I'm also aware of the way that things make me feel the way that your face is communicating to me. And I'm not just in some limited overly verbal state because it misses a lot of the beautiful flux. Actually, in anticipation of you arriving here today, I noticed that as I was going up and down the stairs in this house, that I was injecting a little bit of playfulness in the way that I might have many, many decades ago, but haven't for a very long time. and I asked myself whether or not that's what Edo is referring to, as opposed to, but of course

not exclusive from just saying, I have 45 minutes, I'm going to do movement practice before I shower and have some dinner. Could you share with us just some ideas to get people thinking about or maybe even incorporating movement practice into their day and maybe even touch on the potential role of play or playfulness? One thing is this, what you call wordlessness. I have been recommending to people non-verbal experiences. The awareness of motion is a very good way to start, to bring awareness to that layer. And that layer will start to get clarified more and more and more,

the more you practice. And then it will enable for most people a safe haven, away from many states and difficulties, and will unlock a lot of potential attributes and strength and freshness and a lot of beautiful. things. Really one of the pretty perspectives about who we are comes from a person who influenced my thinking, a lot, Moshe Felden Christ, the late Moshefeltin Christ. And he talks about the body as the core, three elements, the core nervous system. Two is the mechanical system of muscle, skeleton,

etc. And the third is the environment, which is a unique way to look at it. And he talks about how the nervous system is both receiving information from the outside and from the inside. And in the first years of life, you work a lot on differentiating what is me and what is not me. And I think when you feel movement, you feel the movement of the outside that is, of course, arriving to you and receiving this and also your own internal movement. And the same can be said for stillness. So bringing the attention into those layers, it's a tricky thing. It's one of those elusive things to look at,

but it's definitely of huge benefit to start to train it, start to practice it, to feel not our thoughts, not necessarily our body, but to start to recognize the dynamic nature, the flux, the motion. And it occurs in all these layers. You will need to find it. in multiple locations before you start to more and more make it your own, make it really yours. For example, simple pragmatic things.

I used to do this. I spent some time in Hong Kong. I would need to get my practice in, but I'm really turned off from commercial gyms, and there is not a lot of nature accessible there. So I would just strap on my bag and I would walk the streets of Hong Kong, which are very crowded. And then I would try to avoid touching anyone. And it would be like two hours of just like moving involved, fully involved, fully in my body and experiencing beautiful things and enjoying and developing myself as well. So this is an example of a way to practice.

And then the way that we're sitting like these chairs, for example, our chairs are not very dynamic, but there is rocking chairs, right? and this is something I recommend for a lot of kids. Like in schools, I used to rock on the chair, which is very common. I would make the chairs even more mobile. And I would support more motion. And then I would be able to bring attention there, but I would also be able to bring attention away from it into other things. And it keeps refreshing me.

So I don't become stale. The water doesn't stand. This is the beauty of movement. So you can focus for long periods of time. and do incredible things with the mind, with focus, with awareness, attention. And it's with skin in the game. So that's how movement keeps me very honest and humble in the way that I view humility and in a way that protects me and keeps me, yeah, keeps me fresh.

I'd like to take a quick break and acknowledge one of our sponsors, Element. Element is an electrolyte drink that has everything you need and nothing you don't. That means the electrolytes, sodium, magnesium, and potassium in the correct amounts, but no sugar. Proper hydration is critical for optimal brain and body function. Even a slight degree of dehydration can diminish cognitive and physical performance. It's also important that you get adequate electrolytes. The electrolytes, sodium, magnesium, and potassium are vital for functioning of all the cells in your body, especially your neurons or your nerve cells.

Drinking element dissolved in water makes it very easy to, to ensure that you're getting adequate hydration and adequate electrolytes. To make sure that I'm getting proper amounts of hydration and electrolytes, I dissolve one packet of element in about 16 to 32 ounces of water when I first wake up in the morning, and I drink that basically first thing in the morning.

I'll also drink element dissolved in water during any kind of physical exercise that I'm doing, especially on hot days when I'm sweating a lot and losing water and electrolytes. Element has a bunch of great tasting flavors. I love the raspberry, I love the citrus flavor. Right now, Element has a limited edition, lemonade,

flavor that is absolutely delicious. I hate to say that I love one more than all the others, but this lemonade flavor is right up there with my favorite other one, which is raspberry or watermelon. Again, I can't pick just one flavor. I love them all. If you'd like to try element, you can go to drink element.com slash Huberman, spell, spelllmint.com slash Huberman, to claim a free element sample pack with a purchase of any element drink mix. Again, that's drink element.com slash Huberman to claim a free sample pack. What are the different domains of movement practice? And as I ask this, I realize I am in serious danger of fractionating movement into a list of words like strength and speed and explosiveness and suppleness, a word that I've heard you use before.

And yet I think for most people, because we think in words often, some of those categories can be useful. So let's say I was going to embark on a movement practice or a child was going to embark on a movement practice, either throughout the day or for a dedicated period of time. What are the sorts of categories of movement that I might want to think about? Ballistic movement, smooth movement. Maybe you could just enrich us with some of the landscape around that. One thing that does seem to appear for me when I look around is these concepts of unique postures. and I think this is true for postures of thought,

emotional postures and movement postures. You take someone who moves in a certain way and you teach him all these new sports or techniques, but essentially if you look deeply and you're sensitive, you see it's the same postures that he will have to work with till the end of his life. The same thinking postures. And this is really,

problematic where we are we are not freeing the mind beyond this scaffolding of thinking and we are actually letting go of the content we we get more and more focused on the the way of thinking versus the thinking itself or or habitual ways and forms of thinking associated thinking etc and emotionally the same we are constructing these emotional postures and then we have to go through the rest of our lives working with that. So this is the dark side. But of course there are always possibilities both I think invading this early system to some extent even if it's 5% or 7% or whatever percent. And also on the freeing yourself of going beyond all postures period.

working with the postures you have, but towards a postureless way of doing things. So this is something interesting to work when people work with movements, but finally are able to go into movement. And this magic starts to happen. And then the techniques fall apart and something appears. And it's a phase change. It's a binary moment. There is a jump there for sure.

and it's very rare to see both in thinking and emotionally and other ways. We have many names for it and some talk about enlightenment and some talk about all kinds of processes related to it. And I think most of them are shadows of the sun, but it's not the sun itself, really. Yeah, that exploration of degrees of freedom is where the opportunity for real advancement and expansion of skill shows up. I think the way it's been described to me is that we go from unskilled to skilled, and then there's mastery, and then there's this top tier,

which is this beautiful thin layer that so few people occupy, which is virtuosity in which the practitioner invites variability and chance back in as an opportunity to do truly new things. As long as you're not out of this sleeve, you're still within the boundaries of achieving the result that you're after. And then there is all this adaptation of all these elements inside to keep you in the sleeve. The sleeve is not constricted as we once thought. Oh, beautiful technique.

There are many ways to skin a cat. And that experience and that variety, the diversity, goes into virtuosity. It's true freedom because your focus is on the right thing. You don't point at the moon, look at your finger. and that's really in essence being a virtuoso for me like mastery let's say if there is such a thing I'd like to talk about vision in the eyes we have this incredible ability to adjust the aperture of our visual window we can focus very narrowly and we can focus very broadly when you begin a practice or and as you move through a practice do you apply a regimented way of focusing your vision

are you in panoramic vision? Are you in a very narrow field of view? Or does it entirely depend? And for the person who's a true beginner, a true novice like myself, how should I show up to the practice with my eyes? We do not move the eyes as well as we think we do. Because as long as you can see and move the eyes,

people never think about it, that it can be trained, that it can be improved, et cetera. And their effects of it are far, reaching. The eyes lead to the inner eye. You can think of it in a beautiful metaphorical way. And it's a representation of the way that we use various cognitive and mind processes and also, of course, affect the body. For example, when you teach boxers how to bob, usually it's not done in the way that I believe it should be done. They teach it from the feet because they have the

idea, which is correct, that you'll need to do it in spatial conditions, in movement. But in reality, the head will organize the feet for you. Because if I'll pull your head now to decide, you will immediately start to organize your feet under you. That's how I would teach someone, something like this. So it's a very powerful way to address movement, not the only one. You need to start to have some kind of a checklist of what you're looking to do. And then by this, you can start to tailor the way that you use your eyes. The same thing I do for posture, the same thing I do for stance, the same thing eventually I do for state. And there is different flavors. There is no correct way to use the eyes. Sometimes it's very peripheral, soft, open, awareness

orientation. Sometimes it's very focused. Notice that I'm pulling these two opposites, awareness and focus, which is often put together and confused. And then the eyes are, the immediate and the easiest entry point into that. Another thing is the placement of the head and the eyes, like for example, when we lower our chin, we seem to see better. When we raise the eyebrows, there is too much exposure of top light sources.

And so people would usually, when looking into the distance, would tilt their chin in. And in many scenarios, tilting of the chin to the side or placing just like listening with the ear, placing a certain eye or dominant eye, depending on various scenarios. And this is all like information that I can come in cerebrally and think about and jump my practice forward. Instead of just letting the experience teach me that I'm using some kind of a thinking process to improve. And this is not cheating. This is great. There are two

separate clusters of neurons in these cranial nerve nuclei that when eyes are up, it increases our level of alertness. When our eyes are down, we go into states of more calm and quiescence. When we are in this more panoramic soft gaze and broad awareness, big swaths of visual field, as we say, the neurons that control that come through a pathway called magnosellular pathway. In any event, those neurons are much thicker, thicker cables. They transmit much faster, just like thick pipes can carry more. water more quickly. And your reaction time is at least four times what it is in this awareness mode than it is when you're narrowly focused on something. When we drive, we're in this peripheral

vision and our reaction times are much, much faster. And I think what you and I hope agree on, correct me if I'm wrong, is that exploring these different extremes and everything in between is where the real value is. Another pragmatic bit here, if I can offer, is, um, Since our culture has been more geared than pushing us towards focus, the focus use of the eyes and primary language, reading and other things, we have less opportunities to work with the more open, panoramic one. So it would be smart to start to balance things out a bit more. When you're in nature, you don't look at each leaf.

Everything is moving and you are kind of immersed in that. then something attracts your attention, oh, it's a bird. And you focus and you go back into the general state, the basic state, which is open awareness. Here we switch things around in our modern culture. We are mostly focused. And then we sanitize daydream, which is maybe some kind of a balancing act that comes from deep within. I don't know, maybe you can share some information about that. but I see that many time people need to, the focus is overly done by far in our lives.

Earlier you mentioned the cone of auditory attention, the other sense that we can play with in our practice. Where is your hearing when you approach your practice? Another set of parameters to think about and to play with and to be aware of. I have the experience that some people are better at using this system or that system. And you would be amazed how differently the same results, seemingly outside results are done by different practitioners and different scenarios. This goes into this mutation and change ideas. All of our culture and practices and success puts us closer and closer to each other. So we have the same opinions everywhere around the world becoming more and more the same, less and less different.

But the real hope comes from the different. We have a difficulty promoting that. And so this is another thing that can be promoted with the right practices, the right, for example, I work with corporates or even worked with governments before to bring in some of that freshness with simple habits in the workday or in the education of children or in companies. increasing productivity. I don't really give a fuck. But I'm there to give what I view is important. And what is important maybe increases productivity. But it's more important to me that it improves people's lives who are involved.

Thinking about here the way that people use their ears, the way that people use listening. Again, we can talk about placement of the head and posture. and sometimes angling as well, sharper angle, chin down. Some people tend to use the shape of the ear, people with different ears closer or further out. This is, if you're very sensitive and you're looking around, you would see this is affecting people's motion. Even the shape of our face, like the development of the vocal cords and speaking will totally change how we are. how we look, but how we listen also will do the same.

People will even make their ears bigger. A lot of people don't realize that's actually why we do this, is to capture more sound waves, right? The localization of sound is based on a simple brainstem calculation of inter-oral time differences, the time in which something, the brain intuitively just knows, because it's a pretty hardwired circuit, that if a sound arrives first to this year than that ear, that it's likely coming from over here.

whereas if it's dead center, arrives at the two of the same time. That's almost ridiculously simple when one hears it, no pun intended, but it is an incredibly valuable way of thinking about how the architecture of the body changes our experience. When I see people walking, sometimes I think,

wow, they really move in a strange way. People come in different shapes and sizes, short torsos, long arms, et cetera. Do you think that if people have a body type that facilitate certain kinds of movement and not others, that they should intentionally try and move in the way that is right at the edge of the kind of friction and challenge in order to shape new possibilities? Or do you think that they should lean into the smooth execution of what comes most naturally to them? Yeah, I think a good practice is to have many walks. There is a lot of emotional things related to walk,

like how I'm walking into a business meeting or how I'm walking out of a bad situation. There is a lot of beautiful things to research there practically with yourself, trying to approach someone with the chin slightly down, very linear, very efficient in the straightest line, or trying to approach someone a little bit more rounded from the side and tilting your head and you will see totally different.

results, totally different communication that happens over people's heads. But if you're sensitive, you realize that, wow, this opened the door. But it's part of the approach. You can affect that. So this is something to play with and to work with. And then you have, of course, body proportions and ways. And we have all these like technical invasions, mathematics and trigonometry and architecture. They invaded our bodies. They invaded our nervous system. And now our walk. and our physical practices, they look linear and efficient. The path between two points is a straight line. It's not.

This is biomechanics. It's not mechanics. Nothing there is given. There's no gospel. So the walk is sometimes have to go around or sway from side to side and there is coiling, uncoiling and they're moving bits. And what about the coordination of my breathing with my walk? Because if I walk too linearly, there is less.

pumping of the air naturally in and out. So now I have to forcefully bring it in and out. I'm wasteful. And that's why you see in last years these incredible runners, especially in long distance, doing things we never thought were possible. Pranation and all kinds of things. Like our technical thoughts were totally misguided and wrong.

And somebody comes in and does it. it in some way that is totally wrong and he gets results we could never get. That's the beauty of playfulness, experimentation, change, being different. If you're a regular listener

of the Huberman Lab podcast, you've no doubt heard me talk about the vitamin mineral probiotic drink AG1. And if you've been on the fence about it, now's an awesome time to give it a try. For the next few weeks, AG1 is giving away a full supplement package with your first subscription to AG1. They're

giving away a free bottle of vitamin D 3K2, a bottle of omega-3 fish oil capsules, and a sample pack of the new sleep formula, AGZ, which by the way is now the only sleep supplement I take. It's fantastic, my sleep on AGZ is out of this world good. AGZ is a drink, so it eliminates the need to take a lot of pills. It tastes great, and like I said, it has me sleeping incredibly well,

waking up more refreshed than ever. I absolutely love it. Again, this is a limited time offer, so make sure to go to drink AGES. g1.com slash Huberman to get started today. One of my favorite neuroscientists, he's out of the University of Chicago, he said, one of the major jobs of evolution is to take existing cell types and circuits and give them new functions.

But that can only be done through the playful exploration of new possibilities, which I think maps very well to what you're saying, that at the extreme thresholds of technical execution, you know, mastery, mastery, mastery, mastery. your obviously performance is very high, but the opportunity for evolution of the sport or the music or the dance or the intellectual endeavor is limited because you're not introducing variability

in the attempt to get proper execution, you're limiting oneself. We are the biggest improvisers around. That's what made us who we are, I think, and this is incredible what we can do with it. And there is something about this openness that we humans need to keep and also maybe something for our leaders

to be more of less specialist and more in this openness, less capable in this or that way, but more capable of doing the whole thing. By the way, I think that scientists get it right. It's where you transmit the knowledge out of the scientific field because science have debate

and everything. You're not so connected. Of course, this can happen as well, but then when it goes out and the simple person without the experience takes it more as a gospel, as a fixed thing. And then it was just a report. Right.

It was just reporting some functions here and play with it. See what it does for you. Because with all the greatest information that I can give, the person will examine it and it might be not useful at all for him. This is the practitioner. Make it your own. Go practice. Try.

Heat, cold. Light. movement, awareness to this, awareness to death. And this is up to you to make it yours. But we don't like to have this responsibility. No, people prefer to have the, this will work the first time every time and will serve you best compared to everything else. And while there are more reliable tools than others,

in my mind, the more reliable tools tend to be ones that are grounded in our innate physiology as opposed to some, I don't like the word hack. In fact, I loathe the word biohack as we were talking about again earlier because the hack in my mind is something that is designed for one purpose that's used for another. It's not the most efficient use of that tool, nor is it naturally the best solution. Whereas biology has some very good solutions, but they don't always work, not every time. Earlier today, we did a practice in which involved invasion, shall we say, of parisional. very personal space. We were close enough together. We could touch one's torsos and we were doing that as

part of this practice. And you encourage me to pay attention to, you know, how does it feel to have someone in your prairie personal space? And then this notion of reactivity. I know a lot of people suffer from anxiety, just being in a face-to-face conversation. Some people have a lot of anxiety about being physically close to people, whether or not they know them or not. And many people are reactive, they are in that anticipatory state of something is going to happen. Maybe you could talk about that a little bit more. Touch, proximity, all these things also taking very, it takes a very, I think, limited place in our lives. People are not touched and they don't touch enough. There is certain bubbles of peripersonal space, according to culture, according to

environment, what is right, what is wrong. And then came all the, of course, politically correctness and harassments and all kinds. And this is a problem. It's a problem to navigate all this scenario. And I think there is definitely this side which is suffering. Proximity, being able to, as you said, remove certain reactivity and to learn to control that volume control over how reactive I am. and in other scenarios, how do I remove this reactivity altogether

is very important for performance and also for our lives, for clear thinking, et cetera, because everything is moving through us and is being monitored by us. So everything has the potential to detract us from a certain direction of exploration. And if you're reactive, you're a slave. It becomes worse and worse and worse.

Or as, for example, a fighter or a footballer, player, et cetera, has to know what to take, what not to take. The fact that you can sense more doesn't mean you should react to it. And the practice helps that by bringing people into these scenarios, but oftentimes disarming them. Like when we were working closely today and because you have a certain background with boxing or fighting, I can tell you, you are missing some kind of a way to be in that space that is not marshal. So you carry a certain tone, although you're a very kind person, but oftentimes

you held me without realizing you're holding me with a lot of strength, for example. And it just, it was clear to me you're not fully aware of what is unfolding and it's just, of course, a question of experience. So to be able to be in this scenario, but do something else, which is not geared towards winning, losing competition or just being able to play with another person. Like, for example, contact improvisation took that and played with that and the work of Steve Baxter for the ones who are not familiar.

It's very important to explore many ways of being within different distances and spaces from other people and touched in different ways and not contextualizing it always in the same way. I can touch your chest. In one way, I can touch it with the exact same pressure and speed, but it will feel very different. The parameters, I'm not sure, certain intentions,

certain combination of postures or ways. And this is beautiful exploration. And again, I would encourage you and others to explore the discomfort. For example, certain discomfort to be with a man in a certain scenario or with a woman. and trying to see what is that. Because if we are truly strong, we are not afraid of anything.

And this will improve our culture tremendously. Of course, there must be agreement. You never force yourself, but you meet someone who is also interested in that exploration, and then you do it, moving together in all kinds of ways. Sometimes it's walking together, and sometimes it's all kinds of, it can be game, playful, it can be romantic,

and there are many shades. sex doesn't start here and end here, right? It's like it's a continuum and we don't even need to define it in that way. So with time, I think it unlocks a lot of things. People become much stronger in a good sense, in sense of becoming, being, and we abuse less and we can approach other aspects to us. For many people, they approach movement in the form of, of weight training or yoga or running.

Yoga is a bit more dynamic, but fairly linear types of exercise and movement, peloton, rowing. One thing that I have started doing on the basis of some of your teachings, and I just sort of create this idea, is rather than statically standing there and lifting weights, actually walking from as I alternate repetitions. It occurred to me that I'd never done a curl, a bicep curl, with one foot in front of the other.

And then I'd never actually switched that up. And it's kind of an odd stance to be standing in parallel and curling one's arm is kind of a ridiculous movement when one thinks about it. So I started incorporating some of that. You get some strange looks in the gym, but I just give them strange looks back.

So what are your thoughts about these very linear forms of exercise? And do you encourage people to expand the play space as it were for these kinds of exercise? It's definitely a problem. and it's approachable. People want a quick, people want a hack, people want the icing.

There is no cake. There is no cake. And it's just like industries of icing, icing, icing on what? What are you putting it on? You are movement. There is a dynamic entity to you. The body is a huge part of it communicating. You have genetic layers.

There is personalities that got developed. built around various influences, but then there is also some kind of an essence. So I think these practices, they are very good, but they are not designed for the goal that we think they were designed to. It orients towards something else. For example, yoga, there is a good book called The Yoga Body, which will destroy a lot of people's yoga practice. And it goes into, how did we get to this yoga?

the influence of Swedish gymnastics and Mongolian contortionists. Western, the West, affecting it. And then the ancient practice, which was barely asana-related posture, position. So actually, you said yoga is less linear. Yoga is very linear these lines. Look at all the traditional dances. They look like nothing like yoga. Look at Thai dance.

Look at Chinese dances, martial arts. It's all rounded, so curle. It's like nature, what you see in nature and the movement of the animals. So where does it come from? These are things to understand because it designs you now. It shapes you.

You're placing yourself in these forces of change and these streams of change. And you have a good intention and you just want this or that, but the joke is on us. And this is the movement practice for me is first education. Let's start to think about this.

I have nothing that I can just sprinkle now, some magic powder that will help resolve this because it's a start of a deep investigation. Let's talk pragmatically because what you described is not about you placing the foot in front when you're curling. It's about the examination. This is why it is a very good direction. And then you will need another one, another one. Don't get stuck on that foot in front and try to do with the eyes closed. or with a different head posture,

and you will see things arrive, unrelated things, because the associative mind, the thinking, this relates to this, doesn't get to the heart of it, never. This is a playful approach, and this is a researcher approach. I don't try to fit my truth into something. I'm there to examine. I don't have a motive yet.

Why? Because I'm fine. I don't depend on that to define myself. I'm a human being. But if I don't have that sense of worth, I'm already like geared towards, I need to do this, I need to prove this, I have this agenda. And this is how we get all the lies in the world and all the problems and difficulties. So these practices, they are related to it to prove this, this way, why we need muscles for X, Y, Z. And a lot of the reported outcomes are often from my place is like funny.

I hear about something like I heard you say about gratitude practice. If somebody tries to feel gratitude, just sit with the eyes close or watch a movie and sense the gratitude there, it would be clear to you. One is very difficult to do and the other is very easy. Hence, if gratitude is achieved easier this way, that's why it works like that. Although all the traditional practices are about you and by challenging yourself to sense that gratitude yourself, weight training, the benefits, or the way that the hormonal effects, the effect over cognition, etc. When you open a bit and you go far out, you see certain things, not the truth, but maybe less delusion. If you don't get the weird looks, you're not moving in the right direction. You already

know the result of that direction. Let's say at least that. What happens when you do it with a smile, the same workout and when you do it with a frown. I think it's a wonderful message. What I keep hearing from you over and over again is that people should explore, explore, explore. You know, the greatest compliment that one can give in science is the one that I'm going to tell you now because it's entirely appropriate,

which is we say you're an N of one, right? And you truly are. I don't think there's anyone that has been as willing to embrace existing practices, evolve them, create new practices, and to share so broadly to really be willing to give and teach so much knowledge. Earlier, you made the mention of your goals, in part, of being wild and wise. And I'm here to tell you that you are both wild and wise. And so thank you so much.

Thank you very much. Thank you.