I Can’t Sleep - Chairs | Calm Bedtime Reading for Sleep

Episode Date: February 16, 2026

Drift off with calm bedtime reading designed to help you sleep through insomnia and restless nights. This calm exploration of chairs turns bedtime reading into a gentle path toward deep sleep and relief from insomnia. Tonight, Benjamin softly explores the history, design, and everyday purpose of chairs. From ancient stools to modern ergonomic seating, you’ll discover how something so ordinary has shaped daily life in quiet, fascinating ways. His steady, soothing cadence guides you through facts and details—no whispering, just calm, educational storytelling meant to relax your mind. As you learn, your thoughts can slow, your breathing can soften, and the weight of the day can gently lift. Perfect for easing insomnia, stress, and nighttime anxiety, this episode offers a peaceful space where curiosity and comfort meet. Press play, settle in, and let yourself drift off. Happy sleeping! Read with permission from Chair, Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You're listening to a Glassbox Media podcast. What if I told you that most of the modern day self-help advice you've been hearing could actually make you worse? The key to a better life isn't about feel-good gimmicks that sound catchy. The Mentally Stronger Podcast gives you access to a licensed therapist who shares science-backed tools that will actually change your life. Hi, I'm Amy Morin, psychotherapist, mental strength trainer, and international best-selling author. In each episode, we cover research-back strategies, like how to stop relying on willpower and start creating habits for lasting change. And the five mental strength-building exercises you can do from your couch. I also speak to world-class experts like Dr. Nicole Kane, who shares how to permanently heal anxiety by addressing the root cause.

With over 200 episodes in our catalog, this podcast is for you if you're ready to crush self-doubt, conquer challenges, become stronger than ever with therapist-approved strategies that can change your life. Listen to Mentally Stronger with Therapist Amy Morin, wherever you get your podcasts. Welcome to the I Can't Sleep Podcast, where I help you drift off one fact at a time. I'm your host, Benjamin Boster, and today's episode is about chairs. A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person, and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat, and a backrest. It may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials,

and may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics. Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat. A recliner is upholstered and features a mechanism that lowers the chair's back and raises into place a footrest. A rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats, and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat. Chair comes from the early 13th century English word,

Kiara, from old French Kaira, chair, seat, throne. from Latin, Cathedral, and ultimately Greek, Cathedral, seat, throne. The chair has been used since antiquity, although for many centuries it was a symbolic article of state and dignity, rather than an article for ordinary use. The chair is still used as the emblem of authority in the House of Commons in the United Kingdom in Canada and in many other settings. In keeping with this historical connotation of the chair as the symbol of authority, committees, boards of directors, and academic departments all have a chairman or chair.

Endowed professorships are referred to as chairs. It was not until the 16th century that chairs became common, Until then, people sat on chests, benches, and stools, which were the ordinary seeds of everyday life. The number of chairs which have survived from an earlier date is exceedingly limited. Most examples are of ecclesiastical, seignorial, or feudal origin. Chairs have existed since at least the early dynastic period of Egypt, circa 3,100 BC. They were covered with cloth or leather, were made of carved wood, and were much lower than today's chairs. Chair seeds were sometimes only ten inches high. In ancient Egypt, chairs appeared to have been of

great richness and splendor. Fashioned of ebony and ivory, or of carved and gilded wood, they were covered with costly materials, magnificent patterns, and supported upon representations of the legs of beasts or the figures of captives. Generally speaking, the higher-ranked an individual was, the taller and more sumptuous was the chair he sat on, and the greater the honor. On state occasions, the pharaoh sat on a throne, often was a little footstool in front of it. the average egyptian family seldom had chairs and if they did it was usually only the master of the household who sat on a chair among the better off the chairs might be painted to look like the ornate inlaid and carved chairs of the rich But the craftsmanship was usually poor.

The earliest images of chairs in China are from six-century Buddhist murals in steli. But the practice of sitting in chairs at that time was rare. It was not until the 12th century that chairs became widespread in China. Scholars disagree on the reasons for the adoption of the chair. The most common theories are that the chair was an outgrowth of indigenous Chinese furniture, that it evolved from a camp stool imported from Central Asia, that it was introduced to China by Christian missionaries in the 7th century, and that the chair came to China from India as a form of Buddhist monastic furniture.

In modern China, unlike Korea, or Japan, it is no longer common to sit at floor level. In Europe, it was owing in great measure to the Renaissance that the chair ceased to be a privilege of state and became a standard item of furniture for anyone who could afford to buy it. Once the idea of privilege faded, the chair speedily came into general use. Almost at once, the chair began to change every single. every few years to reflect the fashions of the day. Thomas Edward Boudage visited the main palace of the Ashanti Empire in 1819 and observed chairs engrossed with gold in the empire.

In the 1800s, chairs became more common in American households, and usually there was a chair provided for every family member to sit down to dinner. By the 1830s, factory manufactured fancy chairs, like those by Sears Roebuck and company, allowed families to purchase machined sets. With the Industrial Revolution, chairs became much more available. The 20th century saw an increasing use of technology in chair construction, with such things as all-metal folding chairs, metal-legged chairs. the slumber chair, molded plastic chairs, and ergonomic chairs.

The recliner became a popular form, at least in part due to radio and television. In the 1930s, stair lifts were commercially available to help people suffering from polio and other diseases to navigate stairs. The modern movement of the 1960s produced new forms of chairs. the butterfly chair, beanbags, and the egg-shaped pod chair that turns. It also introduced the first mass-produced plastic chairs, such as the Bofinger chair in 1966. Technological advances led to molded plywood and wood laminar chairs, as well as chairs made of leather or polymers. Mechanical technology incorporated into the chair enabled adjustable chairs, especially for office use. Motors embedded in the chair resulted in massage chairs.

Chairs can be made from wood, metal, or other strong materials like stone or acrylic. In some cases, multiple materials are used to construct a chair. For example, the legs in frame may be made from metal, and the seat in back may be made from plastic. Chairs may have hard surfaces of wood, metal, plastic, or other materials. Or some or all of these hard surfaces may be covered with upholstery or padding. The design may be made of porous materials or be drilled with holes for decoration. low back or gaps can provide ventilation. The back may extend above the height of the occupant's head, which can optionally contain a headrest. Chairs can also be made from more creative materials,

such as recycled materials, like cutlery and wooden play bricks, pencils, plumbing tubes, rope, corrugated cardboard and PVC pipe. In rare cases, chairs are made out of unusual materials, especially as a form of art or experimentation. Raymond Ziralus, a Latvian interior designer, created a volcanic hanging chair that is handmade out of volcanic rock. Peter Brenner, a Dutch-born German designer, has created a chair made from lollipop sugar,

60 pounds of confectioner's sugar. Chair design considers intended usage, ergonomics, how comfortable it is for the occupant, as well as non-organomic functional requirements, such as size, stacking ability, folding ability, weight, durability, stain resistance, and artistic design. Organomic design distributes the weight of the occupant to various parts of the body.

This is done by having an easily adjustable seat height. A seat that is higher results in dangling feet, an increased pressure on the underside of the knees. It may also result in no weight on the feet, which means more weight elsewhere. A lower seat may shift too much weight to the seat bones. Gas springs are attached to the body of the chair in order to give height adjustment and more comfort to the user.

Some chairs have footrests. Around 15% of women and 2% of men need footrests, even at the 16-inch chair height. A stool or other simple chair may have a simple straight or curved bar near the bottom of the sitter to place their feet on. Actual chair dimensions are determined by measurements of the human body or anthropometric measurements. The two most relevant anthropometric measurements for chair design are the popliteal height and buttock popliphyl. For someone seated, the popliteal height is the distance from the underside of the foot to the underside of the thigh at the knees. It is sometimes called the stool height.

The term sitting height is reserved for the height to the top of the head when seated. For American men, the median popliteal height is 16.3 inches. and for American women it is 15 inches. The popliteal height, after adjusting for heels, closing and other issues, is used to determine the height of the chair seat. Mass-produced chairs are typically 17 inches high. Researchers, such as Mary Blade and Galen Currants, found that sitting on the edge of a high stool with feet on the floor

is less harmful for the lower back than sitting up straight on a conventional chair. Different types of chairs can have a variety of seating positions, depending on the intended task. Typically, chairs intended for people completing work or dining can only recline very slightly, otherwise the occupant is too far away from the desk or table. Dental chairs are necessarily reclined. Research has shown that the best seated posture is a recline posture of 100 degrees to 110 degrees. In order to recline, the back rest may be independently adjustable. A reclining seat and back will reduce the load on the occupant's back muscles.

In general, if the occupant is supposed to sit, sit for a long time, weight needs to be taken off the seat area, and thus easy chairs intended for a long period of sitting, are generally at least slightly reclined. The back of the chair will support some of the weight of the occupant, reducing the weight on other parts of the body. Some backrests support only the lumbar region, while shoulder-height back-rests support the entire back and shoulders. Headrests support the head as well and are important in vehicles for preventing whiplash neck injuries in rear end collisions where the head is jerked back suddenly. Reclining chairs typically have at least shoulder height backrests to shift weight to the shoulders.

There may be cases where padding is not desirable, such as chairs that are intended primarily for outdoor use. Where padding is not desirable, contouring may be used instead. A contoured seat pan attempts to distribute weight without padding. By matching the shape of the occupants' buttocks, weight is distributed and maximum pressure is reduced. A chair may or may not have armrests. Chairs with armrests are termed armchairs. In French a distinction is made between Fotoui and Ches, the terms for chairs with and without armrests respectively. In Germany, an armchair was once called a croncenssel, or sick chair, because it was intended

for people who were too ill to stand or sit without extra support. If present, armrests will support part of the body weight through the arms, if the arms are resting on the armrests. Elbow rest height is used to determine the height of the armrests. Armrest should support the forearm and not the sensitive elbow area. Hence in some chair designs, the armrest is not continuous to the chair back, but is missing in the elbow area. Armrests further have the function of making entry and exit from the chair easier, but from the side it becomes more difficult.

For someone seated, the buttock popliteal length is the horizontal distance from the back, most part of the buttocks, to the back of the lower leg. This anthropometric measurement is used to determine the seat depth. Mass-produced chairs are typically 15 to 17 inches deep. Additional anthropometric measurements may be relevant to designing a chair. Hip breadth is used for chair width and armrest width. The buttock knee length is used to determine legroom between rows of chairs. Seat pitch is the distance between rows of seats. In some airplanes and stadiums, the seat pitch less the thickness of the seat at side level,

is so small that it is sometimes insufficient for the average person. A wide variety of chairs have emerged throughout the ages, some based on formal usages, and others based on domestic needs, and some based on needs within the workplace or very, professions. An office chair is one used by employees within an office. Modern office chairs are usually adjustable and wheeled. Castor wheels are attached to the feet of chairs to give more mobility. A dining room chair is a specific type of design used around a dining room table. It can be found in most ordinary residential homes, and also may appear in formal settings, such as any formal

event or reception that includes a formal meal or banquet. A work chair is a specialized chair adapted to the needs of a particular profession or setting. For example, a designing chair will be used for designers who sit at high easels. It will usually have added height. Some chairs have two curved bands of wood, also known as rockers, attached to the bottom of the legs. They are called rocking chairs.

A kneeling chair adds an additional body part, the knees, to support the weight of the body. A sit-stand chair distributes most of the weight of the occupant of the feet. Many chairs are padded or have cushions. Padding can be on the seat of the chair only, on the seat and back, or also on any armrests or foot rests the chair may have. Padding will not shift the weight to different parts of the body unless the chair is so soft that the shape is altered.

However, padding does distribute the weight by increasing the area of contact between the chair and the body, and thus reducing the amount of pressure at any given point. By contrast, a hardwood chair feels hard because the contact point between the occupant and the chair is small. In lieu of padding, flexible materials, such as wicker, may be used instead with similar effects of distributing the weight. Chair seats vary widely in construction and may or may not match construction of the chair's back or backrest. Some systems include center seats where a solid material forms the chair seat.

Solid wood may or may not be shaped to human contours. Wood slats, often seen on outdoor chairs, chairs. Padded leather, generally a flat wood base covered in padding and contained in soft leather. Stuffed fabric, similar to padded leather. Metal seats of solid or open design. Molded plastic. Stone, often marble. Open center seats where a soft material is attached to the tops of chair legs or between stretchers to form the seat. Wicker woven to provide a surface with give to it. Leather may be tooled with a design. Fabric, simple covering without support.

Tape, wide fabric tape woven into seat, seen in lawn chairs and some old chairs. caning, rush, wrapped from rush, heavy paper, strong grasses, or hand-twisted while wrapped with cat-tails to form a seat, usually in a pattern of four trapezoids meeting in the center, and on rare occasions in elaborate patterns. Read Raw Hyde Splint, ash, oak, or hickory strips are woven. Metal, metal mesh or wire, woven to form seat. Design considerations for chairs have been codified into standards.

ISO 9241, ergonomic requirements for office work, with visual display terminals VDTs, Part 5, Workstation Layout and Postural Requirements, is the most common one for modern chair design. There are multiple specific standards for different types of chairs. Dental chairs are specified by ISO-6875. Beanbag chairs are specified by ANSI standard ASTM F1912-98.

ISO 7174 specifies stability of rocking and tilting chairs. ASTM F-1858-98 specifies plastic lawn chairs. ASTM E1822-02B defines the combustibility of chairs. when they are stacked. The business and institutional furniture manufacturers association, BIFMA, defines ANSI BIFMA X5.1, titled General Purpose Office Chairs, Tests, for testing of commercial grade chairs. It requires chairback strength of 150 pounds. chair stability if weight is transferred completely to the front or back legs. Leg strength of 75 pounds applied one inch from the bottom of the leg.

Seed strengths of 225 pounds dropped from six inches above the seat. Seed cycle strengths of 100,000 repetitions of 125 pounds, dropped from six inches above the seat. two inches above the seed. The specification further defines heavier proof loads that chairs must withstand. Under these higher loads, the chair may be damaged, but it must not fail catastrophically. Large institutions that make bulk purchases will reference these standards within their own even more detailed criteria for purchase. Governments will often issues standards for purchases by government agencies, e.g. Canada's Canadian General Standards Board can CGSB 44.15M on straight stacking chair, steel, or can CGSB 4402-202 on task chairs for

office work with visual display terminal. Chairs may be rated by the length of time that they may be used comfortably, an eight-hour chair, a 24-hour chair, and so on. Such chairs are specified for tasks which require extended periods of sitting, such as for receptionists or supervisors of a control panel. In place of a built-in footrest, some chairs come with a matching ottoman. An ottoman is a short stool that is intended to be used as a footrest, but can sometimes be used as a stool. If matched to a glider chair, the ottoman may be mounted on swing arms, so that the ottoman rocks back and forth with the main glider. A chair cover is a temporary fabric cover for a side chair.

They are typically rented for formal events, such as wedding receptions to increase the attractiveness of the chairs and decor. The chair covers may come with decorative chair ties, a ribbon to be tied as a bow behind the chair. Covers for sofas and couch. are also available for homes with small children and pets. In the second half of the 20th century, some people used custom clear plastic covers

for expensive sofas and chairs to protect them. Chair pads are cushions for chairs. They contain cotton or foam for padding. Some are decorative. In cars they may be used to increase the height of the size of the size of the house. the driver. Orthopedic backrests provide support for the back. Car seats sometimes have built-in and adjustable lumbar supports.

These can also be used on kitchen chairs. Chair mats are mats meant to cover different types of flooring. They are usually made from plastic. This allows chairs on wheels to roll easily over the carpet. and protects a carpet or floor. They come in various shapes, some specially sized to fit partially under a desk. Remote control bags can be draped over the arm of easy chairs or sofas and used to hold remote controls for home cinemas.

They are counterweighted so as to not slide off the arms under the weight of the remote controls. Chair glides are attached to the feet of chairs to prevent them from scratching or snagging on the floor. An antimicassar is a cloth covering for a headrest to protect the fabric and enable easy washing. Christo created wrapped chair in 1961 with found objects, chairs, lacquer, canvas, rope, and paint. It is an early work showing his and his wife Jean Claude's iconic style of partially or wholly hiding objects within wrapped cloth and ropes. Their work developed into large-scale public site-specific artworks and environmental art, which the pair are most well known for. For a wrapped chair, Christo plays with the identity of the object by concealing parts and revealing others.

There are multiple variations of this work and similar ones involving chairs displayed at museums around the world, including a similar work titled Two Wrapped Chairs from 1961. In the same year that Christo Cresto, created wrapped chair, Pablo Picasso also created lachés. Made of painted sheet metal, Picasso's sculpture chair exemplifies what many artists love about the chair as a subject. The contrast of form and function. One and three chairs, 1965, is a conceptual artwork created by Joseph Kasuth.

The work is an assemblage of a manufactured chair, the photo of said chair, and the dictionary definition of the word chair. This work changes each time it is installed, since the location selects and photographs a chair for installation. A dominating part of Kassus's work is the impersonal aspect of all the parts, since his artistic. hand is not easily seen in the pre-made objects presented. The broken chair is a monumental sculpture in wood, constructed of 5.5 tons of wood, 12 meters high, standing across the street from the Palace of Nations in Geneva.

It has broken legs, symbolizing opposition to landmines and cluster bombs. In 2001, Steve Mann, exhibited a chair sculpture at San Francisco Art Institute. The chair had spikes that retracted when a credit card was inserted to download a seating license. Later, other museums and galleries were equipped with the Pay to Sit Chair was a global central seating license server located in Toronto. The first sitting session was free with a database of persons who had already used their free session.

their free session. In language, if someone nearly fell off their chair after being informed about something, it was because they were very shocked or surprised. An orchestra awards the best player in a particular section a chair or principal seat based on ability. The first chair of the section plays the solos, and in string sections determines the Boeing's. In professional orchestras, the first chair player receives higher pay. It is also common for this position to be known as

first stand, or first desk, a reference to the portable lectern on which the musicians put their sheet music. However, the person who is first chair in the first violin section is usually referred to as the concert master in the U.S. or leader in the U.K. In academia, an endowed chair is a prestigious appointment for a professor, paid for by a dedicated funding source. A chair is the highest officer of an organized group,

such as the chair of the board, the head of the board of directors in a company or nonprofit organization. Musical chairs is a common party game and a colloquial expression to describe people shuffling from seat to seat around different locations, or from one job title to another. An armchair can be used as shorthand for undue comfort or domesticity, as with an armchair theorist or armchair general.