It Could Happen Here - Anarchism In Brazil, Pt. 1 feat. Andrew

Episode Date: September 24, 2024

Andrew talk with Garrison about the history of Brazilian Anarchism in the late 19th and early 20th century.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hey guys, I'm Kate Max. You might know me from my popular online series, The Running Interview Show, where I run with celebrities, athletes, entrepreneurs, and more. After those runs, the conversations keep going. That's what my podcast, Post Run High, is all about. It's a chance to sit down with my guests and dive even deeper into their stories, their journeys, and the thoughts that arise once we've hit the pavement together. Listen to Post Run High on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Curious about queer sexuality, cruising, and

expanding your horizons? Hit play on the sex-positive and deeply entertaining podcast, Sniffy's Cruising Confessions. Join hosts Gabe Gonzalez and Chris Patterson Rosso as they explore queer sex, cruising, relationships, and culture in the new iHeart podcast, Sniffy's Cruising Confessions. Sniffy's Cruising Confessions will broaden minds and help you pursue your true goals. You can listen to Sniffy's Cruising Confessions, sponsored by Gilead, now on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. New episodes every Thursday. Welcome to Gracias Come Again, a podcast by Honey German, where we get real and dive straight into todo lo actual y viral. We're talking

musica, los premios, el chisme, and all things trending in my cultura. I'm bringing you all the latest happening in our entertainment world and some fun and impactful interviews with your favorite Latin artists, comedians, actors, and influencers. Each week, we get deep and raw life stories, combos on the issues that matter to us,

and it's all packed with gems, fun, straight-up comedia, and that's a song that only nuestra gente can sprinkle. Listen to Gracias Come Again on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hi, I'm Ed Zitron, host of the Better Offline podcast, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Better Offline is your unvarnished and at times unhinged look at the underbelly of tech brought to you by an industry veteran with nothing to lose. Listen to Better Offline on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, wherever else you get your podcasts from.

The 2025 iHeart Podcast Awards are coming. This is the chance to nominate your podcast for the industry's biggest award. Submit your podcast for nomination now at iHeart.com slash podcast awards. But hurry, submissions close on December 8th. Hey, you've been doing all that talking. It's time to get rewarded for it. Submit your podcast today at iHeart.com slash podcast awards. That's iHeart.com slash podcast awards. Call Zone Media. slash podcast awards. That's iHeart.com slash podcast awards. Calls on media.

Welcome to Kid Appin' Here. I'm Andrew Siege of the YouTube channel Andrewism. I'm joined by... Garrison Davis. Hello there. Once again, hello. And today, I regret to inform you that you must come to Brazil. I've heard mixed things about Brazil currently, but I'm not against the idea. I have considered it before. Yes, well, we're not going to the Brazil of present times. We'll actually be time traveling, continuing the somewhat informal series I've been doing on Latin American anarchism.

We'll be put our toes into the sand and the sea, the farmlands and jungles, the mountains and deserts, the cities and villages that make up the land and ground of the potential liberty of the people of Brazil, particularly the struggles for anarchism that they would have had in the late 19th and early 20th century. All this is of course down to the scholarship of people like Edgar Rodriguez, Jesse Cohn, Felipe Correa, Rafael Viana, Da Silva, Juan William dos Santos, Edilene Toledo, and Luigi Biondi. And without further ado, let's get into it. So the Portuguese landed in the region that would become known as Brazil in 1500.

Prior to their colonization, the land was home to ethnic groups linked to four main language groups. The Arawak, the Tupi-Guarani, the Jé and the Kalinago. Some of the specific ethnic groups included the Potiguara, Trememembe, Tabahara, Cayete, and so on. After Pedro Alvarez Cabral landed, the following centuries would be marked by colonization and enslavement as lands were dispossessed and cleared, plantations were established, roads were laid, bridges were built, and so on, all by the auctioned and purchased efforts of whipped and exploited human muscle. The oppressed and enslaved Africans in this society would sometimes flee into the jungles and form quilombos, or fugitive slave settlements, including the famous Palmares,

which survived for almost a century with a population of between 11,000 to 20,000. After Brazil gained its independence from Portugal in 1822, retaining its own monarchy, it experienced numerous maroonages, reforms, and popular revolts, including the Setembrada and Novembrada revolts, the Ouro Preto uprising, the Sabinada and Bailada revolts, the Camarachim revolt, the Guerra dos Farapos revolt, the Liberal Revolution, the Praira Revolution, the extremely late abolition of slavery in 1888, and the proclamation of the first Brazilian Republic in 1889. It was in this tumultuous socio-political landscape that anarchism would take root. As in much of Latin America, anarchism would be brought by immigrants, through port cities

like Rio de Janeiro and Santos. But revolutionary ideas would also come to Brazil by way of Brazilians themselves. Some went to France and Portugal for their studies and discovered anarchism there. Others would find the words of Kropotkin and Malatesta in the bookstores of their native cities. Dr. Fabio Luz, a Bahian hygienist and doctor, wrote two novels which sought to grapple with the social question of exploitation of man by man in Brazil. Dr. Luce also spent his time working alongside unions and helping to fight the yellow fever and smallpox epidemics that plagued his nation. Another novelist, Manuel de Mendonca, also published in this time, contributing to a

slow-growing libertarian literary universe. These anarchist intellectuals, alongside others, would go on to launch a popular university. Other contributors to the propagation of anarchism in Brazilian soil included Rousseau, Pombo, Joao Gonçalves da Silva, Maximino Maciel, Benjamin Motta, Francisco Viotti, etc. Anarchism in Brazil was actually quite diverse as well as it found immigrants from Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, Canada, and England alongside former black slaves and mestizos. It found children and it found women. Lima Barreto, Domingos Passos, who was kind of known as the Brazilian Bakunin, Nino Vascos, Edgar Llewin Roth, José Oitica, Maria Lacerda de Moura, and Maria Angelina Suarez all made key contributions to the development of

anarchism in Brazil. Dozens of newspapers like Clixiafi Avi, Bianchi, L'Avenir, O Ilivetario, and O Despertar would also be published. Hundreds of lectures would be hosted, alongside language classes and artistic activities at anarchist cultural centres and schools like the Eliseu Recluse School and the Modern Schools in Sao Paulo, which also provided literacy courses and vocational training. Revolutionary plays were put on in theatres by groups such as Grupo Arte Instructiao and Grupo Dramático Germina, blending entertainment with syndicalist propaganda and fundraising efforts for the labour movement. Weekly festivals featuring poetry, song, dance and sport

raised money for anarchist syndicalist organisations and reinforced a sense of solidarity. The anarchist workers, being so numerously immigrant, attempted to create a cosmopolitan counterculture centred on working class values and priorities. So all these projects and institutions were the result of their efforts. Over a thousand foreign agitators would be deported from Brazil as a result of their efforts. Over a thousand foreign agitators would be deported from Brazil as a result of their radical efforts, and a few would even be killed. The first anarchist to be murdered by the state in Brazil was the Italian Polinice Maté, killed in Sao Paulo

on the 20th of September 1898. Earlier that year, the first gathering of socialist-leading workers in Brazil would take place in Rio Grande do Sul, attended by delegates from various associations, anarchist groups, and a newspaper. As usual, the Italian immigrants were heavily represented. The anarchist immigrants even managed to establish a settlement known as the Guararema Anarchist Colony, organized by Italian anarchist Artur Campagnoli. organized by Italian anarchist Arthur Campagnoli. But perhaps the most notable contribution to anarchism by the Italians in Brazil was the Sicilia colony, which deserves special attention. It bears mentioning, of course, that this project, as with everything taking place in Brazil in this time,

took place on colonial land, which seemingly went unacknowledged by the anarchists themselves, but it was regrettably common in the colonial conditions of Brazil. entrepreneurs, and more. After those runs, the conversations keep going. That's what my podcast Post Run High is all about. It's a chance to sit down with my guests and dive even deeper into their stories, their journeys, and the thoughts that arise once we've hit the pavement together. You know that rush of endorphins you feel after a great workout? Well, that's when the real magic happens. So if you love hearing real inspiring stories from the people, you know, follow and admire join me every week for post run high. It's where we take the conversation beyond the run and get into the heart

of it all. It's lighthearted, pretty crazy, and very fun. Listen to Post Run High on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Jack Peace Thomas, the host of a brand new Black Effect original series, Black Lit, the podcast for diving deep into the rich world of Black literature. I'm Jack Peace Thomas, and I'm inviting you to join me

in a vibrant community of literary enthusiasts dedicated to protecting and celebrating our stories. Black Lit is for the page turners, for those who listen to audiobooks while commuting or running errands, for those who find themselves seeking solace, wisdom, and refuge between the chapters. From thought-provoking novels to powerful poetry, we'll explore the stories that shape our culture.

Together, we'll dissect classics and contemporary works while uncovering the stories of the brilliant writers behind them. Black Lit is here to amplify the voices of Black writers and to bring their words to life. Listen to Black Lit on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hola, mi gente. It's Honey German, and I'm bringing you Gracias, Come Again,

the podcast where we dive deep into the world of Latin culture, musica, películas, and entertainment with some of the biggest names in the game. If you love hearing real conversations with your favorite Latin celebrities, artists, and culture shifters, this is the podcast for you. We're talking real conversations with our Latin stars, from actors and artists to musicians and creators, sharing their stories, struggles, and successes. You know it's going to be filled with chisme laughs and all the vibes that you

love. Each week, we'll explore everything from music and pop culture to deeper topics like identity, community, and breaking down barriers in all sorts of industries. Don't miss out on the fun, el té caliente, and life stories. Join me for Gracias Come Again, a podcast by Honey German, where we get into todo lo actual y viral. Listen to Gracias Come Again on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hi, I'm Ed Zitron, host of the Better Offline podcast, and we're kicking off our second season digging into how tech's elite has turned Silicon Valley into a playground for billionaires. From the chaotic world of generative AI to the destruction of Google search,

Better Offline is your unvarnished and at times unhinged look at the underbelly of tech from an industry veteran with nothing to lose. This season, I'm going to be joined by everyone from Nobel-winning economists to leading journalists in the field, and I'll be digging into why the products you love keep getting worse and naming and shaming those responsible. Don't get me wrong, though. I love technology.

I just hate the people in charge and want them to get back to building things that actually do things to help real people. I swear to God things can change if we're loud enough. So join me every week to understand what's happening in the tech industry and what could be done to make things better. Listen to Better Offline on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, wherever else you get your podcasts. Check out betteroffline.com. Check out betteroffline.com. On Thanksgiving Day, 1999, a five-year-old boy floated alone in the ocean. He had lost his mother trying to reach Florida from Cuba.

He looked like a little angel. I mean, he looked so fresh. And his name, Elian Gonzalez, will make headlines everywhere. Elian Gonzalez. Elian. Elian. Elian. Elian. Elian. Elian Gonzalez. Gonzalez will make headlines everywhere. At the heart of the story is a young boy and the question of who he belongs with. His father in Cuba. Mr. Gonzalez wanted to go home and he wanted to take his son with him. Or his relatives in Miami. Imagine that your mother died trying to get you to freedom. At the heart of it all is still this painful family separation. Something that as a Cuban, I know all too well. Listen to

Chess Peace, the Elian Gonzalez story, as part of the My Cultura podcast network, available on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. In the southern state of Parana, in the rural municipality of Palmera, a group of Italian anarchists led by Giovanni Rossi and Gigi Damiani founded the Sicilia colony in 1890. The land was originally granted to them by Emperor Pedro II,

but after the proclamation of the first Brazilian Republic, the new government did not acknowledge that land grant and so the anarchists had to purchase it instead. The anarchists sought to experiment and create a society based on collective ownership and free love. They built a communal shed for shelter and began the process of constructing individual homes. The population of the colony quickly grew to almost 300 people, including the Rossi himself. But by the end of 1891, the colony was facing its first big challenge. They'd outgrown the infrastructure. With only 20 wooden houses and one community shed, the settlements simply couldn't sustain the influx of people. At a big make matters worse, many of the settlers were industrial workers with little or no

agricultural experience, and this lack of farming knowledge made it difficult for them to produce enough food to feed themselves. They tried to organize tasks based on people's existing skills, artisans stuck to their trades, but the farmers struggled, especially with the differences between Italian and Brazilian soil. While they managed to plant crops like maize, the results weren't immediate. With the money they brought, they could buy groceries, tools, and seeds, but it wasn't enough to sustain them until their crops started yielding results. So many settlers had to seek work elsewhere, with some

even taking government jobs. The colony wasn't just about farming, though. Over the years, they built roads, sheds, barns, a mill, and even a fish tank. They planted a huge cornfield, dug wells, and set up a nursery for seedlings. They even tried out free love, with Rossi himself participating in a polyamorous relationship. Many such cases. Many such cases. But despite all these efforts, the cracks were starting to show. In 1892, seven families packed up and returned to Italy.

By the end of the year, the colony's population had dwindled to just 20 people. Oh, dang. Yeah, yeah. It's a very, very rapid decline. Yeah. The sustainability of these types of projects is always the big thing, especially when it comes to food and farming. That is, unfortunately, the joke whenever people talk about these sorts of projects now.

All these artisan craftsmen don't want to spend out time toiling away in the fields. Yeah. It's a challenge that persists today. So far, it seems like there's a decent mix of labor organizing, social organizing with newspapers, theaters, plays, that kind of more cultural engagement stuff with unions and this little anarchist society that they try. They've kind of sped around through a whole bunch of, I don't want to say social anarchism, because that is a term that means something else but there is a lot of

stuff that's kind of very similar to that at least like so far and i'm not hearing very much stuff that leads me to believe there's like you know a large degree of conflictuality towards the actual brazilian republic but was that also like an aspect during this time period they would end up engaging in a lot more heavy like you're talking about like direct engagement with the state yeah i think in this early period when they were still building up and spreading the word it was sort of a honeymoon period for the movement okay in a sense a lot of the dramatic confrontations are very soon pending okay okay so the cracks were starting to show families had packed up and returned to italy the colony had gone down to just 20 people and because a lot of the colonies made up of intellectuals doctors engineers

artisans many of them left for nearby cities where they founded the giuseppe garibaldi society which i couldn't find much information on that particular society from that particular historical period in my research but it seems to have been a mutual aid society i'm not 100 sure i mean that would like make sense as it's like within like a bigger city yes And, and Garibaldi has a rather interesting history that I'm only recently learning about. And I didn't, I didn't even know he went all the way to like South America and Scalavanton and stuff.

But like, I learned very recently that he had married, I believe an indigenous or a mestizo woman while he was in South America. And they had like this very romantic dramatic life together leading battlefield side by side all that stuff yeah yeah yeah so i'm not surprised that the italian anarchists were perhaps inspired by garibaldi even if he himself was not an anarchist. Sure. So anyway, by 1893, new settlers had arrived, thankfully, and the colony was trying to manufacture shoes and wine barrels so they could make some sort of an income.

They eventually grew to 64 residents and they established two wells and a new access road. But even with those new developments, the colony was still struggling. They were dealing with material poverty, the neighbouring Catholic communities were extremely hostile toward them, and they also had to deal with very poor sanitation conditions. And then in their fourth year, they also had a crop epidemic that pretty much decimated the colony. And of course, as high-minded as the ideas may have been, there were the internal struggles. Free love and communal living may have been central to the colony's philosophy, but not everyone adapted well to the ideals. In theory, they embraced the values, but in practice,

there was some insecurity and jealousy that arose out of that. Also, many such cases. Many such cases. By the end of 1893, it was abundantly clear that the colony couldn't survive. Labour was in high demand in nearby cities, and despite efforts to attract new settlers through socialist propaganda in Europe, the colony just couldn't maintain its population. And in 1894, Celia Colony officially came to an end.

There have been many plays and dramatizations of the story of Cecilia Colony. Most of them, as you would imagine, are in Brazilian Portuguese. So good luck finding them. I'll try to find a dub somewhere, maybe.

Yeah. And it's a little in portuguese but anyway so the experiment had held on for four dramatic years defying pressure from the newly established brazilian republican government heavy taxes and even military incursions but eventually material conditions disease and internal conflicts brought it on Corn Flakes brought to town. the conversations keep going. That's what my podcast Post Run High is all about. It's a chance to sit down with my guests and dive even deeper into their stories, their journeys, and the thoughts that arise once we've hit the pavement together. You know that rush of endorphins you feel after a great workout? Well, that's when the real magic happens. So if you love hearing real, inspiring stories from the people you know, follow, and admire,

join me every week for Post Run High. It's where we take the conversation beyond the run and get into the heart of it all. It's lighthearted, pretty crazy, and very fun. Listen to Post Run High on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Jack Peace Thomas, the host of a brand new Black Effect original series, Black Lit, the podcast for diving deep into the rich world of Black literature. I'm Jack Peace Thomas, and I'm inviting you to join me and a vibrant community of literary enthusiasts dedicated to protecting and celebrating our stories.

Black Lit is for the page turners, for those who listen to audiobooks while commuting or running errands, for those who find themselves seeking solace, wisdom, and refuge between the chapters. From thought-provoking novels to powerful poetry, we'll explore the stories that shape our culture. Together,

we'll dissect classics and contemporary works while uncovering the stories of the brilliant writers behind them. Blacklit is here to amplify the voices of Black writers and to bring their words to life. Listen to Blacklit on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

or wherever you get your podcasts. Hola mi gente, it's Honey German and I'm bringing you Gracias, Come Again, the podcast where we dive deep into the world of Latin culture, musica, peliculas, and entertainment with some of the biggest names in the game. If you love hearing real conversations with your favorite Latin celebrities, artists, and culture shifters, this is the podcast for you. We're talking real conversations with our Latin stars, from actors and culture shifters, this is the podcast for you. We're talking real conversations with our Latin stars, from actors and artists to musicians and creators, sharing

their stories, struggles, and successes. You know it's going to be filled with chisme laughs and all the vibes that you love. Each week we'll explore everything, from music and pop culture, to deeper topics like identity, community, and breaking down barriers in all sorts of industries.

Don't miss out on the fun, el té caliente, and life stories. Join me for Gracias Come Again, a podcast by Honey German, where we get into todo lo actual y viral. Listen to Gracias Come Again on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hi, I'm Ed Zitron, host of the Better Offline podcast, and we're kicking off our second season digging into how Tex Elite your podcast. at the underbelly of tech from an industry veteran with nothing to lose. This season, I'm going to be joined by everyone from Nobel-winning economists to leading journalists in the field, and I'll be digging into why the products you love keep getting worse and naming and shaming those responsible.

Don't get me wrong, though. I love technology. I just hate the people in charge and want them to get back to building things that actually do things to help real people. I swear to God things can change if we're loud enough. So join me every week to understand what's happening in the tech industry and what could be done to make things better. Listen to Better Offline on the iHeartRadio app,

Apple Podcasts, or wherever else you get your podcasts. Check out betteroffline.com. On Thanksgiving Day 1999, a five-year-old boy floated alone in the ocean. He had lost his mother trying to reach Florida from Cuba. He looked like a little angel. I mean, he looked so fresh. And his name, Elian Gonzalez, will make headlines everywhere. Elian Gonzalez. Elian.

Elian. Elian. Elian. Elian. Elian Gonzalez. Elian Gonzalez. Elian. Elian. Elian Gonzalez.

Elian. Elian. Elian. Elian Gonzalez. At the heart of the story is a young boy and the question of who he belongs with. His father in Cuba. Mr. Gonzalez wanted to go home and he wanted to take his son with him. Or his relatives in Miami.

Imagine that your mother died trying to get you to freedom. At the heart of it all is still this painful family separation. Something that as a Cuban, I know all too well. Listen to Chess Peace, the Elian Gonzalez story, as part of the My Cultura podcast network, available on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

And how are we entering into the 20th century? 1903 saw the founding of the first formal structure inspired by international syndicalism, the Federation of Class Associations. This organization would take part in the first Workers' Congress in 1906, which brought together 43 delegates, predominantly anarchists, from across Brazil in over 12 sessions discussing 23 items of discussion. Giovanni Rossi, the guy behind the Sicilian colony, was among the attendees. The Congress sought to advocate for economic resistance societies and laid the foundation for the Brazilian Workers' Confederation, or COB, for short, in 1908,

which united over 50 unions, primarily from Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul. Between 1905 and 1908, the workers' movement witnessed a surge in strikes, notably among shoemakers, railwaymen, and other industrial sectors. Porto Alegre saw a general strike in 1906. Sao Paulo was the scene of insurrectionary strikes in 1906 and 1907 as part of the campaign for the 8-hour workday. In Santos,

the strikes for the 8-hour day only ended in 1921, meaning they spent well over a decade, close to two decades, fighting for the 8-hour day. The workers' movement also held several congresses in this time, well over a decade, close to two decades, fighting for the eight-hour day. Yeah. The workers' movement also held several congresses in this time, including the first and second Sao Paulo state congresses, the first Masqueres State Labor Federation Congress,

and the Parana Labor Congress, which affirmed the movement's commitment to anarchist syndicalism. And as with other anarchist groups around the world, they organized a demonstration to commemorate the death of Francisco Ferrer, the modern school founder who inspired rational education efforts across Brazil. They also supported the Russian workers in both 1905 and 1917, supported Mexican workers and peasants in 1910, and commemorated the Chicago martyrs on subsequent May Days. 1913 marked the second Brazilian Labour Congress,

much larger than the first, where delegates from 117 bodies across eight states debated 24 items. In 1914, Anarchists in Sao Paulo organized a conference to select two delegates to represent Brazil at the London Anarchist Congress, which was eventually and unfortunately cancelled due to the outbreak of World War I. This is such an interesting moment in international anarchism that, at least right now, we have the internet, but that sucks. The style of actual international anarchism is just something that I've never really been

able to like experience before but garrison you're forgetting something we have discourse oh i i'm sure they also had discourse but they got to go to london to do their discourse which sounds which sounds much better than doing it from my toilet on twitter.com sorry x x.com my apologies no but that's true though i would much rather the discourse take place in person over you know the discord servers and the twitter and reddit threads i mean like especially in that like international aspect like there's there's certainly like like anarchist gatherings and like conferences and convergences you know within within countries i've been to many in the united

states but yeah this this sort of like like having anarchists in brazil go to london to talk with anarchists from everywhere else in the world like compare their experiences and compare notes yeah then talk about like what their actual like political goals are is something that i think just sadly doesn't really exist anymore and And that's really a vital component of international solidarity because that kind of solidarity, that kind of opportunity is very difficult to find just through virtual interaction. There's something meaningful in shaking a person's hand and embracing them and laughing and crying together in person,

sharing a meal, I think really makes a difference. I mean, yeah, especially when you have like, the spread of anarchism is so built on that internationalism. You have anarchists from Portugal and Italy and Spain. The immigrant influence is very, very profound. But although there was

the outbreak of World War I, closer to home, the anarchists were still involving themselves in that sort of regional discourse. They may have been flying to home, the anarchists were still involving themselves in that sort of regional discourse. They may not have been flying to London, but they managed to meet with delegates from Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay at the International Peace Conference and the South American Anarchist Congress in October 1915, all in an aim to foster both regional and international anarchist cooperation. As the war raged on, in addition to the anti-war propaganda, Brazil's anarchists continued to rally against unemployment, rising living costs, scarcity of

basic foodstuffs, while resisting the capitalists, the clergy, and the state which sent young men to the slaughter on the battlefield. In response to the pressure levied by the libertarian proletariat, the government gave the go-ahead for direct sale by the producer to the consumer without taxes levied, easing the hunger crisis in the country. So their struggles worked. This period, and particularly from 1912 to 1920, marked significant worker mobilization. The period from 1917 to 1920 in particular was marked by significant 1917-1920 in particular was marked by significant strikes, including the Sao Paulo general strike of 1917, which saw 70,000 workers participate, with sympathy strikes in Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, demanding better working conditions, wages, and aid to our workers. This period also witnessed an increase in unionization and the growth of the workers' press, which provided critical platforms for revolutionary ideas. In 1919, an uprising exploded in Rio de Janeiro, leading to the death

of three workers and the imprisonment or deportation of nearly a hundred. The government deployed police, troops, and even naval warships to crush the resistance of the workers. And they also attempted to exploit racial divisions. They would take Afro-Brazilians and use them as scabs, and then once the strike was over, once they broke up the strike, they would fire those same black workers to reaffirm the privilege of white labor. Eventually, the government would concede and force capitalists to make some concessions where wages were concerned. But this came at a cost. Alongside the mass imprisonment and deportations, the state's efforts included infiltration of the unions, which eventually

stared reformist unions into the leadership position of the working classes, supplanting the more revolutionary organizations. Thus, anarchism arguably entered a new era in the 1920s. There were still anarchist-led labor congresses, including the third Brazilian labor congress and the second and third Rio Grande do Sul labor congresses, the latter of which endorsed a declaration of principles from the IWA and established an international anarchist solidarity pact. But by the fourth Rio Grande do Sul labor congress, attended by 16 workers' organizations, two newspapers, six anarchist groups, São Paulo militants, and delegates from Uruguay, Paragu 16 workers' organizations, 2 newspapers, 6 anarchist groups, Sao Paulo

militants and delegates from Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina, anarchist efforts in Brazil had to become much more clandestine. Following the deportations, the state intervention, the general repression of the successive Brazilian regimes, the anarchist movement had indeed weakened. And I took another blow with the establishment of the Brazilian Communist Party, the PCB, partially inspired by Bolshevism in 1922, which absorbed many former anarchists, including Edgar Luneroff, who co-authored its charter, and Astrid Guido Pereira, who served as its Secretary General for nearly a decade before he was expelled. The PCB competed for union leadership and worked with the governments of Arturo Fernandez, Washington Luis, and Getulio Vargas to suppress the libertarian movement

and the free trade unions. The Fernandez government, by the way, sent thousands of political prisoners, including anarchists, into the remote penal colony of Clevelandia. Thousands. Where the harsh conditions killed hundreds. Wow. And the Luis and vargas governments of course were not any better i was also wondering like where were these people like deported to like it sounded like they've been in brazil for quite a while when you were like mentioning there was

all those all those other people who were deported out of the country like where where did they go yeah there was a story i was reading about that i didn't maintain it in my notes i'm only half remembering it but one of my sources would have had it uh of the names i listed at the beginning but they had spoken about how there were these i believe portuguese people in brazil as in portuguese from portugal who have been living there and working there and whatever for years and years and years and because they had naturalized they were like subject to like this these heavy attacks and I believe some of them were deported as well and so I'm assuming whatever country of origin they could be traced to they would be deported there or they would be deported to a

neighboring South American country but I didn't really find specific details on where they were sent. I assume it's mostly their home countries or neighboring countries. Between that and sending thousands of people to a penal colony with hundreds dying, this is a massive wave of repression they're dealing

with in the early 20s here. Indeed. Unfortunately, their supposed allies weren't exactly a help in 1927 the anarchists antonio dominguez and damiao de silva were murdered by the communists who also wounded another 10 members of the printers union and attacked and stole the assets of the footwear workers union so that further weakened the anarchist struggle when they were already dealing with that government repression and in a sense anarchists are like roaches we just keep on struggling and surviving and the persistence of anarchist resistance in spite of all this repression would trigger a further backlash by the bourgeoisie which would also arise to challenge

the survival of anarchism and the left in general in Brazil. From the very same Italy that brought many an anarchist, also came many a fascist, which brings us to the Brazilian Integralist movement. But to find out what happened in the 1920s and 30s and onward, you'll have to wait for the next episode. I've been Andrew Sage, you can find me on youtube.com slash andrewism and onward, you'll have to wait for the next episode. I've been Andrew Sage. You can find me on youtube.com slash andrewism and patreon.com slash stdrew. And this has been It Could Happen Here.

All power to all the people. It Could Happen Here is a production of Cool Zone Media. For more podcasts from Cool Zone Media, visit our website, coolzonemedia.com or check us out on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can now find sources for It Could Happen Here listed directly in episode descriptions. Thanks for listening. running interview show where I run with celebrities, athletes, entrepreneurs, and more. After those runs, the conversations keep going. That's what my podcast Post Run High is all about.

It's a chance to sit down with my guests and dive even deeper into their stories, their journeys, and the thoughts that arise once we've hit the pavement together. Listen to Post Run High on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Curious about queer sexuality, cruising, and expanding your horizons? Hit play on the sex-positive and deeply entertaining podcast, Sniffy's Cruising Confessions. Join hosts Gabe Gonzalez and Chris Patterson Rosso as they explore queer sex, cruising, relationships, and culture in the new iHeart podcast, Sniffy's Cruising Confessions. Sniffy's Cruising Confessions

will broaden minds and help you pursue your true goals. You can listen to Sniffy's Cruising Confessions, sponsored by Gilead, now on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. New episodes every Thursday. Hi, I'm Ed Zitron, host of the Better Offline podcast, and we're kicking off our second season digging into Tex Elite and how they've turned Silicon episodes every Thursday. Welcome to Gracias Come Again, a podcast by Honey German, where we get real and dive straight into todo lo actual y viral. We're talking música, los premios, el chisme, and all things trending in my cultura. I'm bringing you all the latest happening in our entertainment world and some fun and impactful interviews with your favorite Latin artists,

comedians, actors, and influencers. Each week, we get deep and raw life stories, combos on the issues that matter to us, and it's all packed with gems, fun, straight-up comedia, and that's a song that only nuestra gente can sprinkle. Listen to Gracias Come Again on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. The 2025 iHeart Podcast Awards are coming.

This is the chance to nominate your podcast for the industry's biggest award. Submit your podcast for nomination now at iHeart.com slash podcast awards. But hurry, submissions close on December 8th. Hey, you've been doing all that talking. It's time to get rewarded for it. Submit your podcast today at iHeart.com slash podcast awards.

That's iHeart.com slash podcast awards.