It Could Happen Here - Especifismo Ft. Saint Andrew
Episode Date: January 3, 2022Saint Andrew comes on to talk about especifismo, platformism, and how they can apply to current struggles. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/l...istener for privacy information.
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Welcome everyone to the It Could Happen Here podcast. My name is St. Andrew and I'll be your host as we talk about politics stuff.
With me today is Garrison.
Hello.
And Christopher.
Hello.
And Sophie.
Hi.
And today we will be tackling,
or rather we'll be taking a trip to the anarchist activism in Latin America
with Especifismo.
But first we need to get into some context here.
The first organization to promote the concept of Especifismo
was the Federación Anarquista Uruguaya, or the FAU,
which was founded in 1956 by anarchist militants
who embraced the idea of an organization that was specifically anarchist.
For those who don't know, not long after 1956,
or rather two decades after 1956,
the U.S. installed a dictatorship in Uruguay that lasted from 1973 to 1985.
The FAU survived that dictatorship
and went on to establish connections with other South American anarchist revolutionaries.
So they helped to support the founding of the Federalist Anarchist Gaucho, or FAG, I don't know if I'm pronouncing that correctly,
the Federalist Anarchist Cabocla, and the Federalist Anarch de Rio de Janeiro, or FARG, in their respective
regions of Brazil, and they also helped to found the Argentinian organization known as
AUCA, which means rebel.
While only coming onto stage in Latin America within the last few decades, the ideas that really make up Especifismo touch on a historic thread that's really run through the anarchist movement internationally since the beginning.
It may, as we get into like what Especifismo is and stuff, it may sound very similar to platformism.
Are you all familiar with that current?
Yeah, we're familiar with platforms a little bit,
but we can probably, I don't know,
explain it for the people at home
who do not spend as much time thinking about
old anarchist terms.
Right, right right right so dear generic listener or viewer or whatever um platformism began with a document that was
written in 1926 by the former peasant army leader nesta mcnoe eda met and other militants of the dlo truder or workers
cause group they published a document called organizational platform of the libertarian
communists and it was written in response to well being exiled from the Russian Revolution and having to struggle, really,
to find their footing after the Bolsheviks
turned the workers Soviets into instruments of one-party rule.
So the Paris Space Group, the DL Trudeau,
they really criticized the anarchist movement
for a lack of organization.
So they proposed an alternative that is controversial
to some anarchists but it's essentially a general union of anarchists based on anarchist communism
that would strive for theoretical and tactical unity and a focus on class struggle and labor
unions um obviously platformism like all political ideas is not a static you know the world has
progressed significantly in a century so um while there is an emphasis on worker struggle
and class struggle um when you speak to most platformers today i would say um obviously i
don't have stats on that i would say most platformers can, I would say. Obviously, I don't have stats on that. I would say most platformers can recognize
that, you know,
the no war with the class war
is a bit reductive.
I've also noticed, actually, that
platformism has been gaining a bit more popularity
lately. I don't know if it's just me and my
perception, but
I don't know if you've all seen that.
I've not seen tons of it here.
A lot of the type of anarchism I'm around,
or at least see, is not in this vein.
But most of the stuff I see is around
the kind of live-anarchy type strains
and more individualists
but that's just i think a very like pacific northwest specific thing that the anarchists
here just kind of generally trend in that direction so i'm i'm not sure what it's literally
like across like this country and other places around the world yeah i know i know i know i've
definitely seen it,
especially, I think it's, I don't know,
almost like it was bigger a few years ago,
but back like 2018, 2017,
there was a big spike of Black Rose.
Yeah, right.
It became a sort of serious group for a while.
Yeah, and people who like called themselves
like anarcho-communists
or anarcho-syndicalists kind of generally swam in this general ocean yeah i definitely saw that
as a bigger thing in 2018 than now at least like locally from my area and i think i will say yeah
the the black girls people a lot of them like very specifically were as aismo-based and a lot of it was based on people who had
experiences with Especifismo
in various ways.
Right, right, yeah.
Because I was actually just about to say, I think that Black Rose
is more Especifist than Platformist,
but of course there is
a lot of overlap between these two
currents.
As for my experience with like platform itself and stuff have seen um discussions of it happening more i mean that's
all i can really see that i've seen um i can't be everywhere at once but at least if discussions are happening the likelihood of things coming out of it might
be a bit increased i guess another current that um has been a part of the anarchist milieu
zeitgeist wave whatever uh is organizational dualism which came out of the 1920s Italian anarchist movement.
So they used the term to describe the involvement of anarchists,
both as members of anarchist-specific political organizations,
and also as militants in the labor movement.
In Spain, the Friends of Durruti group emerged to oppose the gradual reversal the spanish revolution 1936
and they also ended up emulating some of the ideas of the platform by criticizing you know the cntf
phase sorry cntfai's gradual reformism and collaboration with republican government um
so the spanish of war and stuff you know there's a So the Spanish Civil War and stuff,
you know, there's a lot of forces at play,
and I'm not going to get into it now,
but it is, I would say as a side note,
important to recognize that there is no monolith
when it comes to these sort of civil wars
and historical events.
You really have to look at things in context
and not try to strip them away from the goings-ons of the time.
Also, the Chinese anarchist movement of the 1910s
advocated for similar ideas.
I'm going to try to pronounce the name of the group.
Hopefully I don't get cancelled.
But it's the Wushengfu Gongshanzhui Tongxi Zihui, I think, which is the Society of Anarchist Communist Comrades.
And yeah, they advocated for a lot of similar ideas. So there's a lot of different currents around the world influenced by you know
the historic conditions but the general thread that you know anarchists need to get together and
work as a unit is you know what's thrust in it right and a specifismo is just a fresh continuation of this thread, of this trend.
So, what is Especifismo exactly?
The three key concepts that I see emphasized again and again are 1. The need for a specifically anarchist organization built around a unity of ideas and praxis.
anarchist organization built around a unity of ideas and praxis. Two, the use of the specifically anarchist organization to theorize and develop strategic political and organizing work. And
three, active involvement in and building of autonomous and popular social movements,
which is described as the process of social insertion.
is the process of social insertion so kind of core to the whole specific current is which is rather antithetical to some of the trends that i've seen in the past couple years
it's sort of a rejection of this left unity idea right this idea that there can be this sort of big tent organization that can somehow establish all these different visions simultaneously, right?
So, as pacifists reject the idea of just unity for unity's sake, because they feel it boils down to sort of lowest common denominator,
kind of wishy-washy politics. They feel that when unity is preferred at all costs,
it leaves very little room for unified action or developed political discussion. In fact,
in my experience, when you have a lot of political heterogeneity um there tends to be a lot of unproductive drama
lack of rhetoric obviously people of different political stripes should work together um and
there's no like harm in that but at the same time when it comes to certain types of organizations having a sense of
ideological unity is i would say pretty important as you know you don't want to
have all these different groups constantly butting heads for these different visions you
want to have at least some sense that we're moving in sync right so you're not going to have some people who are trying to
establish social democracy and some people who are trying to get like this worker state quote
unquote or you know people who just want i don't know like a higher minimum wage right i mean
everyone's on a different stage of their
political journey but what a specificist tried to emphasize is that while we can work within
these larger social movements um it's important that anarchists specifically come together
to try to shape those movements in an organized way and i'll explain because it
kind of sounds a bit like vanguardism for some people this idea that you know these this cabal
of like revolutionaries are trying to like manipulate things behind the scenes
but um really what as pacifists argue is that anarchists need a space.
They need a space for common strategy and reflection and collective responsibility.
And a place to discuss plans and build trust and share analysis and put together short and long-term goals.
All that jazz.
and put together short and long-term goals, all that jazz.
So while the specifists do reach out to and work with social movements,
regardless of whether they fit this quote-unquote anarchist purity test,
and I say that with my tongue planted firmly in cheek, of course,
they want to make sure that they can serve still as an active minority so that these movements aren't diluted and so i've noticed i'm like throwing out a lot of different words
and phrases and ideas um you know things like ideological unity and the need for
sort of a consensus within the group um and speaking of i've spoken about consensus on my channel before so i
have a breakdown on it people could check out if they'd like um i also spoke of unified strategy
right so you're not just joking around you actually have a mapped out sort of strategy
like for example black socialists in america they aren't like a specifically a specifist org to my knowledge but you can see um that they have like a unified like clearly laid out strategy and they're making
moves to make to like achieve it and they're very public about those moves right um i also
want to emphasize of course in a specificismo the whole idea of this active minority you know it's not just
a bunch of like it's not like a passive book club right and a specific group is a group of people
who are passionate about you know this cause um and obviously passionate people have this habit of biting off more than they can chew
right so what i would advise like a specific and a specific engagement adjacent groups and
religious organizations in general is that keep your size in mind keep achievable goals within sight because if you don't, you know, it's very easy to burn out very quickly.
With the specific groups, it's important that they understand their responsibility, but also that they understand their limits.
Lastly, and very importantly, social insertion, I think think is one of the most important parts of
specifismo and i think even if you don't take anything away from like a specifismo
you at the very least like implement social insertion or at least concepts within social
insertion into into organizing right because
obviously um anarchists are kind of few in number but what social insertion tries to point out i
guess or tries to develop within a movement is this awareness that the people who are making these moves,
who are organizing and whatnot,
that they don't relinquish their power
to other figures or forces or parties
or whatever the case may be.
Social insulation stems from the belief
that the oppressed are the most revolutionary sector of
society and the seed of future revolutionary transformation of society lies already in
these classes and social groupings so it doesn't mean socialization doesn't mean like acting within
single issue advocacy campaigns or you know like trying to take over people's existing struggles.
It means getting involved in daily fights and daily struggles for people to better their own
conditions. It means, you know, connecting with workers, connecting with immigrants,
connecting across neighborhoods, working towards racial liberation working within student struggles and tenant
struggles as people are like part of these struggles they become conscious of their place
in society right and part of our role is to try to develop that consciousness so as people are tempered and tested and recreated, they see their position in the...
What's what I'm looking for?
In the pecking order, right?
They see that there are forces at play
that are keeping them down,
there are structures at play that are keeping them down,
and they change from just being like social classes
to being active social forces.
So they're brought together by organic methods and by self-organized cohesion.
What you'll notice with the popular movements, like for example, Black Lives Matter, is that unlike what some conservatives might assume, the Black Lives Matter organization wasn't the one pulling the strings.
The official group wasn't there telling people,
okay, march here, burn that, riot here, move that.
It's like the people themselves came together
and really expressed their desire for change and so really as they become
self-conscious actors aware of their power of their voice of their nemesis which is the ruling
elites that control the social order as pacifists try to keep that thrust, right?
What the specifists argue is that essentially there's an anarchist undercurrent to popular social movements that should be preserved and maintained and cultivated, right? With popular movements, they're very quickly co-opted by impositions of leadership or by, you know, academic elites or by political parties.
But our specifists aren't there to try to make groups identify as anarchist, right?
They're there to just maintain that thrust, to be self-organized and to fight for their own interests.
that thrust to be self-organized and to fight for their own interests because ultimately that's our natural impulse as humans you know it's really the propaganda
that tells us you know um like you have to go through these proper channels you know you have to
vote with your dollar or you know vote for these politicians or whatever the case may be,
canvass and all these different things. Call up your representatives. You know,
the natural thrust of a person is not to like relinquish control of themselves, you know,
it's to try to maintain that. And so, especially if it's trying to push against the propaganda
that keeps us from maintaining that, push against the co-optation that strips that from us.
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So, do any sort of automatic critiques of Especifismo come to mind for you all? I'm not sure about, like, critiques of a specific piece more come to mind for you all i'm not sure about
like critiques per se we need to like think about it more but a few things like come to mind around
so like you talked a bit about like the difference between like left unity and creating like an
anarchist unity um and for people at home i would like to maybe extrapolate why those are different things.
I know you have a good video on left unity already, but in terms of trying to, if one of
the goals being creating an anarchist organization that kind of unifies different anarchists,
how that is a different type of unity than just left unity in general.
I think that might be a point of clarification.
And then the other thing I was wondering about is,
how does this intersect in terms of individual goals versus group goals or organizational goals?
Because there's a back and forth between personal autonomy
and then these type of social movements that.
Kind of.
Almost gain their own thrust.
Right right.
Yeah so to the point.
About the difference between left unity.
And anarchist unity.
Um.
Well obviously anarchists.
Are also. Fairly heterogeneousogeneous um i think our general thrust for
self-determination and autonomy and that kind of thing is what brings us together you know
uh the difference between like say anarchist unity where there are definitely some i would
say key disagreements within the milieu and left unity is that i feel there are
some extremely incompatible factors that prevent left unity from being viable yeah when there's
thrust among significant segments i mean really every non-libertarian segment of you know the quote-unquote left
to funnel our popular energy towards state institutions whether it be through
insurrectionary social democracy or reformist social democracy in the case of mls and sock dams respectively um
i think that that really keeps us from
really working together on anything more than small goals and small projects i mean we've really seen the whole left unity idea fall apart
you know through wars and through even just like what should be discussions between people
you know like the first international literally splits because of the differences between you
know the so-called left currents you know between the anarchists and
the other socialists so left unity is not something that i aim to achieve i think most
people know that about me by now um but with regard to like anarchist unity and of course
the differences between anarchists i think the general thrust to maintain the autonomy and self-determination of the people and of the social movements that we are inserting ourselves in is what really glues us together. Because, you know, like I noted, as pacifists, try to develop deeper level, you know, strategies and theoretical discussion and that kind of thing.
And so with those sort of discussions, you know, you're going benefit from a degree of at least unity in the sense of maintaining or solidarity in the sense of maintaining the libertarian thrust of popular movement.
As for the other thing that you had noted about the sort of friction between individual goals and organizational goals, you know, between autonomy and sort of how social movements end up taking on like an energy of their own.
To be quite honest, I don't think I have like a fully developed answer for that.
Yeah. developed answer for that yeah because on the one hand
a social
movement that forgets
that it is about you know
liberation
of individuals
is you know in my
view such movement that's quickly
going to
end up turning against the people who are, you know, fueling it.
At the same time, I've interacted with like a lot of people who are pretty selfish or pretty egotistical or just argumentative for the sake of it.
Sorry, Sophie, you're going to say something?
Yeah, I was just like the thing that keeps popping up
into my head is you know one of the things that gets uh misconstrued all the time is who's calling
the shots and i kind of feel like what you're saying is everybody in a way right yeah yeah um i think that like which is good sometimes but not good other times obviously
exactly yeah because i think it's it's very easy to fall into this sort of um
almost reactionary i like island mentality not island mentality is in caribbean island mentality is in person isn't as an island
right around like autonomy and you know personal freedom you know like this red ring idea that you
know i won't step my property you know that kind of thing just let people do whatever this kind of
like more so anarcho-catholic conception of what, like, freedom and autonomy is. I think an important part of autonomy and, you know, freedom
and the anarchist project is, you know, accountability
and is, you know, like, consequences, like, social consequences
and how your actions affect others, you know?
Like, what anarchists so you will recognize is that we are not in fact islands
you know our actions our behavior our words affect other people and so i think it's going
to be a constant project to sort of balance um individual personalities and broader goals but i mean yeah it's it's tricky right like you know
you're talking about like some kind of you know group organization to work together to kind of
you know think of achievable goals and create steps to get there.
And I feel among a lot of people who proudly declare themselves anarchists,
at least, like, and are extremely vocal.
Like, these are, like, people both, like, online and in-person organizing that are very, like, vocal and try to very much, like, make their place known.
We've seen trends away from this direction
in terms of like rejecting
the idea of goals and demands and just you know like this this more insurrectionary kind of
tendency of just making total destroy for the sake of it and shout out to invisible committee
yeah and and that i mean like i know that like platformism is kind of, like, it's not, like, anti-insurrectionary, but it's, like, it definitely critiques that type of insurrectionary trend.
no demands, no goals kind of general direction
that capital A anarchists are doing
what's maybe some parts of a specifismo
that we can actually take into account
to be like, hey, maybe there's
I don't like being called
any adjective anarchist
I think it's silly
I kind of shed that called like any adjective anarchist I think it's silly I like
I kind of said that
I think
this year or late last year
like I just got to the point where
I'm an anarchist you know that's
I like the part
in Desert it's like I'm an anarchist of many
adjectives I'm not
I'm not always an insurrectionary
I'm not always a syndicalist i'm not always a you know blah blah blah blah blah um and i feel like that's would
be a really useful kind of thing for people to focus on more in terms of yeah it can be fun to
make total destroy and that is a very base instinct but it also would be great to like
improve people's lives a little bit um yeah and those are kind of building not
just destroying you know yeah there's like two two kind of like dueling things um and in terms
it's why i i do really like like the part of like this type of stuff that it's really appealing to
me just because i kind of already work on this myself so i'm like oh i'm already doing this
but it's like the um it is it is like the social the social insertion side of things i think is something that would be
a much a much better way of thinking about like everyone hates talking about optics because yeah
it's frustrating but i think the social insertion method is a better framework for kind of dealing
with some of those same problems exactly exactly yeah and then like know, there is, even among insurrectionaries
and all those types,
there still is like a decent amount of like
group projects and stuff.
And that is, I think, a really good thing to focus on
because, yeah, there's not many anarchists
and it would be cool if there was more.
And if we just focus on the parts that make people go,
oh, that's kind of silly and pointless,
then we're not really going to grow anarchism that much. so highlighting the parts that are like oh yeah you're actually helping
people that's going to convince a lot more people who are kind of already trending in that general
general direction and then hey maybe in a few years they can also be doing silly destruction
for fun because it is it is fun sometimes um right. Yeah. As you mentioned optics, I'm reminded of this kind of pet peeve I have with some, you know,
internet people, where they try to treat like ideologies or specifically anarchism as like
a PR project, that we have to like constantly be trying to shift the optics and
yeah micromanage like every aspect like no i think the best remedy for like because you're not gonna
match the power of mass media no what you can do to push back against that sort of propaganda is
help people yeah and help people and identify as anarchists as you're helping people right like
that's the easiest and quickest way to dispel people's notions and like conceptions of what
an anarchist is if we were to take like socialization right and sort of uh i would say
distill it a bit and individualize it a bit um i would say that as a practice you know just even if you don't know
any other anarchists in your area right just being there being in these movements helping people
and you know saying you know this is what i believe um just talking to people about what
you believe as a person as you're helping them you know that goes a long way much longer than any you know poster um campaign or like
wheat pasting initiative or artwork um you know wall art or whatever you know like
actively helping people of course wall art has its place and um i dabble a bit myself but you know
it's um it's not it's ultimately like talking to people and helping people and being their people
and being honest about your intentions yeah that i think you know we should be working towards. I think those types of projects are something that the Especifismo model excels at,
in terms of creating a unity of anarchists who have a goal in mind
and then go out to achieve the goal.
Helping people, directly helping people,
is something that that type of organization model is kind of the best at.
Exactly.
Because you can really organize things much better with a small group like that
and create goals that are actually very achievable.
Whether that be building a community kitchen or building heating centers
for the winter, like under bridges or whatever you know all those types of starting
community gardens all those kinds of things are i think what this type of model really excels at
and yeah you don't need to change your ideology to this one word because that's that's silly but
you can pick up different parts of it be like yeah that actually seems like a useful way of
like yeah we don't want you know a politician just rolling here and co-opt our project you know like just basic things like that you know um and then
from there you know as you are talking with people and meeting people who are passionate about issues
in these social movements you know not only does it keep you from developing this sort of
terminally online in-group kind of mentality it also opens up opportunities for you to develop your and this is on the topic of like the individualist social institution
it presents opportunities for you to develop your own I don't know like book club and then
from that book club could come
a specific organization.
As you begin to develop
your politics and your shared
politics,
more can come out of it. So don't underestimate
the potential
of just putting in the work
and talking to people.
Just being there
on the ground.
One of the best things you can do
to help stay alive
while things are heading in the direction
that they're heading societally
is like making friends
and forming a friend group
and then, yeah,
actually doing stuff together.
That makes dealing with everything else
that's happening so much better.
And hey, uh our old friend
nester uh nester marco uh started with a book club so hey you know yeah you you never know
where book clubs can lead you never exactly exactly it's actually it's really interesting um
video clip of marie bookchin talking about book clubs and like the power and potential of book clubs.
I don't know if we could probably link that in the show notes,
but it's like a really interesting.
Yeah, if you send me a link, I'll make sure to include that.
Welcome, I'm Danny Thrill.
Won't you join me at the fire and dare enter?
Nocturnum, Tales from the Shadows, presented by iHeart and Sonora.
An anthology of modern day horror stories inspired by the legends of Latin America.
From ghastly encounters with shapeshifters,
to bone-chilling brushes with supernatural creatures.
Take a trip and experience the horrors that have haunted Latin America since the beginning of time. listen to nocturnal tales from the shadows as part of my cultura podcast network available
on the iheart radio app apple podcast or wherever you get your podcast
so ultimately a specificist believes that social movements will reach their own logic of creating revolution.
Not when they all just decide to identify as anarchists and wave the black flag,
but when the majority reach a consensus and a consciousness of their power and their ability to exercise their power in their
daily lives. So even if they do not adopt anarchism, they still consciously adopt the
ideas embedded within it. There are multiple political currents that will exist within any
movement. And so it's important that we as anarchists,
and I guess specifically as a specifist,
are there to actively combat the opportunism
that come from these forces,
from this, whether electoral or vanguardist.
Within these social movements as well,
we can also help to push them further
through, you know,
pushing for more direct democracy and consensus
through federalism and confederating
with other social movements
through, you know, building up the mutual aid
within these movements.
Like if you are, for example,
part of a mutual aid group in
one neighborhood you can push them to start reaching out with mutual aid groups in other
neighborhoods and creating a network of mutual aid groups that can build into something bigger
you know combining resources and manpower to really push the revolution you know lastly i will say that for those who are
trying to like get into the whole especificismo thing um i mean you could start a new organization
from scratch but again like easiest thing to do is to just get in there with the people and be honest with the people and
i keep saying the people even though i have my critiques of this amorphous conception of the
people but the point remains that our goal is to spread our ideas not to get people on any particular ideology, but to get a liberatory
consciousness on the ground and to generalize that consciousness. And for those who are curious
about Especifismo in action and social insertion specifically, the Federação Anarquista Gaúcha
in Brazil has worked with neighborhood committees in urban villages and slums.
They've built alliances with the rank-and-file members of the rural landless workers movement, the MST.
And they've also worked with trash and recyclables collectors.
Brazil, for those who don't know, has a lot of high levels of temporary and contingent employment,
underemployment and unemployment.
So the working class isn't
how we traditionally conceive it as like
just surviving primarily off of wage labor,
but it's more so this sort of subsistence work
in formal economy, gig economy can deal.
So being able to connect with these,
when charged with collectors, for example,
who are part of this sort of economy,
the FHA has built a strong relationship with them
and helped them to form their own national organization
to push for their interests
and to collectivize their recycling operations.
Espresso Feasible has also worked in the efforts of the Zabalaza anarchist communist front in South Africa, as they also are strong opponents of
social insertion and really being embedded in the social movement. In Argentina, in Brazil, in South Africa,
and in the US in the case of Black Brothers Anarchist Federation,
Especialismo has been building as a key point of reference.
And so I'll leave us off with a quote from the
Youssef Front Collective, an anarchist group online.
If libertarian socialists merely organize with libertarian socialists then they will lose contact with the broader population they need to
be reaching if libertarian socialists merely join social movements without advocating various
libertarian socialist practices that can be used then social movements can easily drift into being
susceptible to reformist un unstrategic,
liberal, and Leninist tendencies and opportunists. If libertarian socialists merely join social
movements and try to spread ideas and practices in mere individual ways, they will be far less
successful than a well-thought-out coordinated effort. And if theoretically specific libertarian
socialist groups try to control social movements and popular organizations from the top down, then such specific groups
sacrifice their own principles and will reproduce hierarchical organizing. In contrast to authoritarian
vanguardist conceptions, especifismo groups and especifists put their activity towards a
self-organization of movements and organizations.
Ultimately, as I honestly love this quote from Ashanti Alston,
power to the people where it stays with the people.
Peace.
Yes, Andrew, please, please plug your pluggables because they are good and people should in fact listen to them.
Right. Thank you.
Safety first, of course.
I will say that you can follow me on Twitter at underscore St. Drew.
And on YouTube at St. Andrewism.
And you can find me here, apparently, twice a month.
Yay!
Which is pretty great.
Shout out to It Could Happen Here.
Take care, everyone. Peace again.
Peace again. website, coolzonemedia.com, or check us out on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can find sources for It Could Happen Here updated monthly at coolzonemedia.com slash sources. Thanks for listening. You should probably keep your lights
on for Nocturnal Tales from the Shadow. Join me, Danny Trails, and step into the flames of right.
An anthology podcast of modern day horror stories inspired by the most terrifying legends and lore of Latin America.
Listen to Nocturnal on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.