LPRC - CrimeScience – The Weekly Review – Episode 81 with Dr. Read Hayes, Tom Meehan & Tony D’Onofrio

Episode Date: November 25, 2021

LPRC Kickoff is January 19th in NYC Bloomingdales Flagship Store! Black Friday Shopping Habits and Tips are Discussed! In this week’s episode, our co-hosts discuss these topics and more, including the vaccination process continues, 4th dose of vaccines are considered in Israel, 79 Zetabytes of information consumed, and a city is planning to build a bitcoin city. Listen in to stay updated on hot topics in the industry and more! The post CrimeScience – The Weekly Review – Episode 81 with Dr. Read Hayes, Tom Meehan & Tony D’Onofrio appeared first on Loss Prevention Research Council.

Hi, everyone, and welcome to Crime Science. In this podcast, we explore the science of crime and the practical application of this science for loss prevention and asset protection practitioners, as well as other professionals. We would like to thank Bosch for making this episode possible. Take advantage of the advanced video capabilities offered by Bosch to help reduce your shrink risk. Integrate video recordings with point-of-s sale data for visual verification of transactions and exception reporting. Use video analytics for immediate notification of important AP related events and leverage analytics metadata for fast forensic searches for evidence and to

improve merchandising and operations. Learn more about extending your video system beyond simple surveillance in zones one through four of LPRC's zones of influence by visiting Bosch online at boschsecurity.com. Welcome everybody to another episode of LPRC's Crime Science podcast. Today, the latest in our weekly update series. I'm joined by Tony D'Onofrio and Tom Meehan and our producer, Diego Rodriguez. And we'll start off again talking a little bit about the pandemic. It's just here we are as we record on this Tuesday in November, and we've still got the global pandemic. Europe, particularly the Northern Europe and Central Europe part seems to be heavily hit by particularly the Delta and Delta plus variants.

Europe may add an additional 300,000 fatalities. They're thinking potentially in the 21, 22 period. Germany and Austria, especially hard hit, more lockdowns and vaccine mandates. more lockdowns and vaccine mandates. The United States, now we're at that point where 2021 deaths attributed to the COVID-19 disease surpassed all of 2020, all of 2020. So, you know, the issue continues for, you know, 95, 98% of people, if you do contract the disease, while it could be serious, not necessarily deadly, but there are those that it is, but so many, it is very serious. And we've talked about some of the persistent sensation effects like loss or change in taste or loss or change in the sense of smell, evidently some neuro damage by the disease and so forth.

So we know it's still serious. Vaccines continue to roll out. We talk about there are now 75 preclinical vaccine candidates in different phases of computer simulation and animal studies, 107 in human clinical trials, 51 candidates in phase one, 47 additional candidates in phase two, and 41 more COVID-19 vaccine candidates in phase three trials, and still the eight that are officially approved. We know that in Israel, according to the news, they are now considering a fourth booster. You know, we've talked about this. The evidence continues to emerge across the United States and across the world that all the vaccines that have been approved do provide a lot of protection, serious protection,

substantial protection against serious disease, not necessarily infection. But there is protection against infection for vaccinated. But initially, it looked like it was about you were 15 times less likely to contract the disease or become seriously infected if you were vaccinated. But that wanes now looking at about five times more protection than the non-vaccinated individual, given if they were exposed to the same amount of inoculum or viral particles. So there's protection against infection. But again, these vaccines are designed by the scientists to protect us against very serious responses by our body that can be even deadly, as well as, of course, just serious replication and disease effects.

So that's the primary mission of a vaccine. The therapies we talked about before that seem very promising, the pill forms by both Merck and by Pfizer continue to move through. Pfizer has submitted their data for FDA analysis and CDC and other feedback, as well as independent panels of physicians and scientists. And again, all of these vaccine candidates, all the therapy candidates go through rigorous testing and evaluation by independent groups, by panels, and as well as by U.S. government scientists and physicians. So, stand by for that. But they do both apparently look promising in their phase one, two, and three trials. We also mentioned the low-cause antidepressant, the same thing.

trials. We also mentioned the low-cause antidepressant, the same thing. So they're trying to get, because it's already an approved medication, be able to use this on a broader scale. Even other interesting developments, there's a particular chewing gum that's been developed that would be if somebody believes they're infected or is, they could chew the gum. That would reduce their viral loads. In other words, potential for them to spread the particles, the SARS-CoV-2 particles that lead to this COVID-19 disease because the ACE2 proteins in the gum and so forth are designed to trap viral particles. So very unique, very novel. So we're seeing a lot of different types of vaccines and act in different ways, different types of therapies,

including chewing gum. So stay tuned on more information around that. Switching, I think here we go again. It just seems to never end. But the mass violence in the United States, a lot of tracking. We had 40 different parties, chains involved in our LPRC FusionNet platform as they prepared for and handled the Kyle Rittenhouse trial up in Kenosha. Kenosha. And to share ideas and trade, we also are now seeing that activity around the Ahmaud Arbery trial that's now gone to the jury as we speak in Georgia. And so people are standing by to see what might occur there. But regardless, the mass violence, particularly across the West Coast, all over California, where you've got these organized and semi-organized groups that are running in. And we saw the Nordstrom event there in Walnut Creek, California, as an exemplar where dozens of vehicles appear at the same time. They all race in, strip the store. People can be injured or are. People are horrified, terrified, intimidated.

And so we see a lot more of this lawlessness. We saw the parade as well. And what happened there with potentially it looks like a gentleman, a rapper, was arrested for that crime where five people so far have perished from his violence, as well as just about 50 were injured, including very seriously injured. So we seem to have a spate of this kind of violent shoplifting going on and other types of violent events around the United States and spreading. So, you know, stay tuned. It's a major emphasis for us at the LPRC. And so kind of rolling over to the annual LPRC kickoff event hosted by Bloomingdale's at their flagship store in Manhattan, January 19th. It'll run from 8.30 to 12.30 on January 19th. And again, the Bloomingdale's flagship store in Manhattan. And what we'll be doing, we have two parts of the theme. We'll spend two hours on each.

And Diego has crafted an excellent agenda for us. But we'll focus on partnerships, partnerships with each other. In this case, the retail LPAP executives through networking like FusionNet, through connecting their SOCs and EOCs, command centers. That type of research would be doing through the SOC lab, partnering through some of the platforms that are out there by organizations like Alto and Aura and ThinkLP and so forth. Some of the crawlers and other technologies like from Cognite and Cobwebs and others. So we'll be gathering up there to go through, talk about what research is needed, who would participate in the research, explore those dynamics, as well as exploring upcoming research plan and help us plan research in preventing theft, fraud, and violence itself. So partnerships, networking,

combining, collaborating together as a community, working with NRF and RELA and others to be a more focused lobbying effort for gaps that are out there in statutes and ordinances. And then, of course, working on the actual science to get better at preventing and disrupting the different types of violence, fraud, and theft. So look forward to January 19th in New York City and beyond. We've got, again, six planned events for 2022 at the LPRC. We've got Ignite in late February. And look for a product protection. Look for a violent crime. And look for a supply chain protection look for a violent crime and look for supply chain

protection summit, each of those three different summits, as well as of course impact. And for the number ones and number twos of the retail organizations we've got strategy at, we'll have two of those different ones where we're talking at more strategic level, sort of like strategic foresight and planning and so on. So with no further ado, if I might turn it over to Tony. Thank you very much, Reid, and great update on both LPRC and also COVID. I actually just returned from Europe, and Europe is actually going through another wave. It looks like Austria is locking down again. They're actually going into a lockdown phase for 20 days. And then Netherlands also going into a lockdown phase. And Germany's evaluating more aggressive

ways to stop this wave. So interesting times to travel. I actually went through a COVID scare myself based on arriving and thinking that potentially I had COVID and then trying to figure out how do you actually internationally travel or isolate and do all those types of things. But good news, it was only a cold and I was able to get back, so I'm back in the U.S. Let me jump into some data this week that I found very interesting. Let me start with some that came from visual capitalists on what happens on the internet every minute. And they start their review by first stating that globally, as of July 2021 this year, the internet now reaches 65% of the global population and represents 4.5.17 billion people. And that's an increase in just roughly six months to January,

so a 10% increase. So the internet continues to march. Of this total, 93% access the internet via mobile. So I told you the advent of smartphones and how ubiquitous they're getting around the world. So I told you the advent of smartphones and how ubiquitous they're getting around the world. The total data consumed globally in 2021 was 79 zettabytes. And it's projected to grow to more than double to 180 zettabytes by 2025. If you're wondering what a zettabyte is, it's the equivalent to 1 trillion gigabytes.

So 1 trillion gigabytes. So 1 trillion gigabytes. So it's a lot of data that's coming our way. So what is happening with all that data and how is it being gathered? So here's a sample of the data generated every minute on the internet. Twitter users post 575,000 tweets. On TikTok, we watch 167 million videos in one minute. On YouTube, we stream nearly 700,000 hours. On Netflix, we watch over just 450,000 hours. Zoom hosts nearly 900 minutes of webinars. Instacart users spend $67,000. Google in one minute conducts 5.7 million searches.

12 million people send an iMessage in one minute on the internet. Clubhouse, which is a fast-growing social audio app, creates 208 new rooms. In one minute, 6 million people shop online. And in one minute, Amazon's, we spend on Amazon nearly $300,000. So it gives you an idea how much the internet is part of our life and how ubiquitous and ingrained we are in terms of using it. Let me switch now to a great webinar that took place this week from the IHL group in terms of what's happening to retail. So one of the things that is happening to retail is Chinese Singles Day, which is a holiday shopping that ends on November 11. And this year, it generated $139 billion, with Alibaba sales rising 8% and JD.com rising 28%. I've mentioned Singles Day many times, but again, Singles Day started as a college prank on college campuses

when singles decided they needed to have more fun than Valentine's. So they set up November 11th, which is 1-1, 1-1, as the shopping day where they will go out and buy themselves a gift. It initially started as a one-day shopping event. It is now a shopping festival ending November 11, and it includes lots of new technology, including live streaming. So it's really a shopping feast of technology online. It's a wonder to watch. I mean, Taylor Swift opened last year. I mean, it's something to really watch in terms of what's possible in blending online and entertainment, online shopping and entertainment. In the webinar, IHL also pointed out that USA is the star in the world right now in terms of

growth in retail sales. Through October, retail sales are up 18% in the U.S. All sectors are green. Good news, the leading sectors, especially soft goods, which includes apparel, which increased nearly 54%. And remember, apparel was one of the hardest in sector. Convenience stores and restaurants are registering 30% plus growth. Even the pandemic hit department stores are up 24%. The food sector spiked slow. They're only up 3%. And drug stores are roughly up 9.5%. So lots and lots of good news in terms of U.S. retail. The top retail challenges that IHL sees in retail right now are inflation in wages and product costs, the poor tissues leading to product and package shortages. Each container ship, they summarize, carries enough merchandise to fill three average-sized malls.

Labor shortages is also a challenge, and they call it the worst labor market since World War II, chip shortages in all areas, and continued COVID protocol. IHL projects that the retail and hospitality labor shortages are actually here to stay. Pure online and delivery services have gobbled up 2.2 to 4 million workers. So those are all new workers that didn't exist before the gig economy. For the holidays, retailers are hiring 11% more workers. We're reaching nearly a million people. So lots of recruiting going on, but there's a shortage in terms of people available. For the holidays, sales are projected to grow 5% to 11%. Retailers are planning less discounts.

Expect 34% less discounts in electronics, 75% less discounts in sporting goods, 82% less discounts in tools, TV, furniture, and computers. Toys is the only place where you're going to find a deal. They will discount more at 112%. So I tell what they're telling people is buy gift cards, give gift cards, because what will happen, all those ships that are stuck in ports will finally come in. And in January, February, everything will be heavily discounted. So that gift card will be very, very valuable. They also predict, which is interesting, that the U.S. retail economy will hit a brick wall in March and April 2022.

And finally, in this webinar, they listed the seven technologies winning retailers are prioritizing for 2022. One is winning retailers leverage geolocation for marketing. Winners are 193% more likely than average retailers to use geolocation. Winners are reviewing new fulfillment options. That's number two. So winners are deploying second location within store at rates of 411% more to optimize margins. Number three, winners are automating inventory operations, robotics in inventory operation,

and micro-fulfillment centers are increasing 600% in the next two years. RFID continues its adoption with inventory accuracy being the primary driver. Winning retailers are playing 200% more in driving growth in the next two years with RFID. Five winning retailers are all in with 5G. 47% of retailers plan to have it installed in two years with 852%. That's an increase of 852% from today. Number six, winning retailers are in the metaverse.

All this hype started by Facebook. It is coming to retail, augmented reality shopping. started by Facebook. It is coming to retail, argumentative reality shopping. It's coming to retail and it's going to grow 279% in the next two years. 24% of all winning retailers

to have it installed in the next two years. And finally, winners hear you. So voice recognition is continuing a tourist growth. Winning retailers plan nearly on 800% growth in the adoptions of voice sets for order picking in the next two years. So read all that technology you're installing at the LPRC with those virtual centers is going to become more critical because all the data points to much more reverses, especially if you

think about what happens in one minute on the internet. So with that, let me turn it over to Tom. Well, thank you, Tony. And thank you, Rita. A couple of different things. And you'll hear some repetitiveness. And I'll start off with some of the civil unrest and violence throughout the United States and actually really throughout the globe. If you see what's occurring right now, you have countries that you would normally not see the level of civil unrest. A lot of it is centered around lockdowns and vaccine mandates. I know Tony's done some global travel reading myself and there is a COVID or corona fatigue that is building. And in some countries, there are significant and rather significant civil unrest around vaccine mandates and lockdowns. I think we're going to continue to see that trend, unfortunately.

Here in the United States, I was involved in some of the fusion activity virtually and kind of sharing information. There was an overwhelming census, and I don't normally say this. I feel the media did drive some of this specific to the Kyle Rittenhouse piece of where there'd be very, very implicit media comments made and then things that occurred afterwards. media comments made, and then things that occurred afterwards. The civil unrest, if you looked at from a chatter on social media, whether it be Facebook or Reddit or Twitter, was less than I've seen it in the past, where I don't know if this is a good or a bad sign. It's anecdotal at best. But I saw less chatter than I have in the past.

It's anecdotal at best, but I saw less chatter than I have in the past. I saw less organizational type chatter than we did in months past. My belief is, again, just my opinion, as it gets colder, folks tend to not organize as much. So there was some chatter actually in the Telegram group about the weather and people saying, we need to do this in the day because it's going to be in the 30s at night and we don't want to march when it's in the 30s so the weather may be helping us i do however think to reed's point earlier we need to be pay very close attention to what's occurring in georgia um with everybody's heightened sense of uh what's occurring i think there we do have a recipe for another round of significant

civil disturbance coming. There was and is a tremendous amount of chatter last night and today. A good thing here is most of the chatter appears to be nonviolent. It isn't the chatter that we were seeing months ago, although I did see thousands upon thousands of posts with the hashtag burn it down throughout multiple Twitter accounts, but the folks that were commenting were actually not folks that I would say would be the folks that would be out protesting. of this is anecdotal but as you do active intelligence you can identify um relatively quickly who's an agitator who's an actual protester who's someone that um goes out and protests everything every time something's going on based on their history and their photos and then the professional um protesters i mean i would refer to them as professional uh agitators folks that are paid to assemble and and bring groups together. The thing that I would say that was starkly different this time, specifically in the New York metro market and Southern

California, is that the paid folks, the folks that organized, were talking about peaceful and don't come if you're not going to be because we need to move forward with it. I know that I will continue to monitor. I know the LPRC will as well. And I do think we have the next couple of weeks will be certainly interesting and something to keep a close eye on both globally and here in the United States. Switching gears a little bit to organized retail crime. So there was a study that Rila did with the Buy Safe America Coalition to show that organized resale crime could be as much as $68 billion. That number is growing significantly. And it's important to note that in that study, that's pre-COVID numbers, so 2019.

So as we all talk, we talk about the increase in some of these activities, like what we saw in San Francisco, where I think it was 60 to 70 people storming a store. So we don't know yet what the long-term impact of COVID is on organized retail crime. I was actually at the CLEAR Conference, which is the Coalition of Law Enforcement Retail, and got to spend some time with folks last week centered around organized retail crime. And that $68 billion number is significant and seems to be growing. A couple of things in this study that I thought were really interesting is that the level of reported threats or violence. So 86% of the folks that were in the survey

said that they were verbally threatened in the act. And then there's 75% said that there were physical assaults of associates. So definitely a big, big change there. And then something that I thought was really, really glaring, which I haven't heard, and I think something that I'm going to continue to research is 40% said there was a weapon involved, which isn't what we would typically, and again, when I say we, I should say me, not typically what I would see in an organized theft ring. Generally, organized theft folks go in and out while they can be brazen and do a smash and grab. I generally, in the past, if you had asked me, I would not have said that there would be a weapon used in an ORC environment. I'm going to read further into it, and I think I'll probably

revisit this again because I thought it was really interesting. One thing that was glaringly obvious at the CLEAR conference, which is a great thing, is that there are federal law enforcement at a very high level who were talking about organized retail crime and making themselves available. So Homeland Security was very involved. And for those of the listeners that don't realize, Homeland Security has an actually really wide net of what crimes they can get involved in. Unlike some of the other federal agencies that are somewhat limited in scope, the HSI group has a lot of depth. So I think we'll continue to see some of the federal folks getting more involved in true ORC cases. So that was really an interesting thing to hear from the mouth of the folks there. So Deputy Director of Homeland Security being there, several supervisors from the FBI being at the event and showing the support, just showing

the support coming out really helps a lot for everybody here who's probably listening to this podcast today. I had the opportunity to speak about human trafficking and organized retail crime and really got a lot of feedback from the federal folks about forced labor and how retailers are learning about how forced labor is a direct impact with ORC and it relates to human trafficking. So switching a little bit back to the cyber side, I think in last week's taping talked about a hack that was performed against the FBI. So there's more information today. I actually think when we were taping, it was within 28 to 48 hours worth of information that was so new that it wasn't there. So this hack primarily affected their email servers. Now we're getting more information that this really was a hoax email blast

from the FBI servers on Bulletin. So L-E-E-P-E-S-N-E-T were probably a lot of folks on here where there are bulletins that go out to warn of critical infrastructure breaches and things of that nature in this in this hoax email hack. It appears that the FBI has really stayed very consistent this that there was no compromise data whatsoever. This was really just getting in and being able to flood out emails from this. And in typical kind of fashion here, there are multiple people that have taken kind of responsibility for this. There's still a lot more to come from it. It is also important to note that it looks like right now it has only affected law enforcement enterprise portal it doesn't look like their the corporate email was infiltrated and

additionally that this was infiltrated to send out messages not necessarily to read messages and what a lot of folks are reporting and very very reliable sources of reporting is that this was due to uh poor coding in the website. So outdated or poor coding, which allowed someone to take advantage of this poor coding. So a bad header email is what you would get after that. So if you're reading about this, don't mix the two up. The coding in the email doesn't have to do with the coding actually in the website and how they breached it. And then kind of, again, just going along a little bit of what Tony was talking about, but digital payment. So there's a lot in the news about Bitcoin and retailers accepting Bitcoin.

I think Kroger was one of the big retailers that just said that they would accept cryptocurrency, and we're going to continue to see that. Probably also, if you're following Bitcoin, are hearing a lot about El Salvador accepting Bitcoin as a form of tender, an official form of payment. It's important to note, and I'm not knocking this at all, that El Salvador is not a developed country. So it isn't a good testing ground for anything that occurs in a developed country. One of the things that I thought was really interesting about El Salvador is that they were talking about buying the $18 to $40 million a bit of Bitcoin. I just want everybody to think about how insignificant that number is for a government to talk about. The news this week has transferred to El Salvador building a Bitcoin city. And really, this is an interesting

kind of way of the government portraying this. The leader of El Salvador, no matter whether you agree with his political motives, is a younger person. I think he's actually 40. He believes heavily in Bitcoin as the future. And so this Bitcoin city will actually mine Bitcoin and develop Bitcoin and be powered by a volcano. So very interesting from a tech standpoint. A little bit offensive to the left and kind of when I read the story, I had to read it a couple of times because I wasn't sure how accurate it was. And then they will be funding it with a billion-dollar bond. So they're basically borrowing money from themselves. The interesting part with this is the El Salvadorian government, they actually have a billion dollars. So it's a very fluid and interesting subject.

But what I really thought was pertinent here to talk about is that Bitcoin is consistently in the news. And more importantly, cryptocurrency is consistently in the news. And as retailers start to take Bitcoin, what are some of the risks that retailers have from a fraud exposure or customer impact? I think it's definitely too early to talk about that. I think at first glance, you would say Bitcoin, there is no risk. My opinion and my full-time job, more than 50% of my time is spent in the financial sector. So this is crypto and digital currency comes up a lot. Today, I equate Bitcoin as the same as cash where there is no liability for a merchant. The liability falls on the consumer. If you drop that $100 bill on the floor while you're

in a store, it's not the store's responsibility. It's your responsibility. So Bitcoin at this stage of the game is very similar, where if you don't have control of your hot or cold wallet, and you lose that money, it can't be put onto the retailer. I do, however, think, as we all know on the call, when you have good customers, you have that green customer, not the red customer that experiences fraud in your location. It becomes your issue, regardless of whether it's their fault or not. And I equate it to, I think Reid and I were actually together somewhere having dinner with a couple of folks. And they said they had to keep giving customers free things because in their stamp, it's just a location. When the customers would leave, people would steal their bags and the customers would come back and say, you need to do more about this.

And I kind of shook my head and said, wow, we're to the point now where someone gets robbed a block away from a store and the merchant's responsible. And while that sounds crazy, that happens today every day. So as we continue to drive crypto and Bitcoin payments, I think we need to share learnings. And the LPRC is definitely a place for that of what we're seeing. It's still remarkably insignificant in the totality of what people use as a payment. It's not even really, you're not even really able to tangibly get the data. It's so small. It's kind of a niche thing that I think retailers are smart by doing. Very similar to when contactless payment was only one provider of a digital wallet,

a couple of retailers jumped on this. And it definitely gives great press, great attention. And it does serve a niche community of folks there. So we'll continue to monitor that as well. So a lot of different things today. With that, I will turn it back over to Reid. All right. Well, thanks so much, Tom.

Thanks, Tony, for all your updates. Very informative. A little scary sometimes, but always better to be informed and to be thoughtful about things. And again, I want to remind everybody, our whole team, we're not here to espouse any philosophy or even any practice, but rather just to inform for you guys to think about, to look into more information, right? We're an evidence-based or science-informed organization. And we wanted to make sure that that's the philosophy for you all in the same way that it is for us. And that means digging deep, finding information, looking at contrasting views and perspectives, but the

evidence that they cite, and then even looking into the credibility and reliability of that evidence that they are citing, if there is some evidence cited. So a lot going on. I think one last thing too, at the LPRC and the engagement lab we're now just over 175 deployed technologies we anticipate probably another 50 to 100 more technologies that will be deployed in the engagement lab that is a simulated store environment we invite you to come into Gainesville to set a visit with us to get online and visit via Matterport virtual tours of our labs. The Safer Places Lab, which is in fact the entire square block, which has four sub blocks in it, our test environment, more and more technology is being layered in there. We've got

multiple missions, we call them reuse cases, for each of three LiveView platforms. And so look for sensors there that we've got deployed that include ground surveillance radar, thermal radar, LIDAR, and different types of day, night, IR, and so on. Cameras acting as sensors in addition to microphones. And then finally finally other digital sensors. And so what you can see is in this four block area within the overall huge square block, we can simulate now four different places or four connected places, but look at setting up a community with license plate readers and all the other sensors so that we can better understand and whether we're talking about the horrific parade event, the incident that we just saw,

that crime or others. We've got a great testing platform. I want to invite our listeners to come visit, share ideas. If you're a technology provider to come think about what you would like to deploy, how you like to integrate. And remember, we've got a soon-to-be world-class security operations center lab or SOC lab. It's a command center that will allow us to use multiple servers to bring in data from all types of online crawlers and sensors you're hearing Tom Meehan talk about, as well as sensors from across the square block or in the engagement lab. So again, that local place user via a smart device or the enterprise and the decision makers in that enterprise can have access and information in real time, can have multiple

feeds so they can play them off each other, just like we talked about a minute ago. Multiple inputs, multiple data sources is preferable, and so on. So with that, I want to sign off. Thank everybody for tuning in. Go to lpresearch.org to learn more about our team, what we're up to, where we're headed. And for those of you that are making it to New York City, we look forward to it. Everybody have a fantastic Thanksgiving and holiday. Stay safe. Thank you. Thanks for listening to the Crime Science Podcast presented by the Loss Prevention Research Council and sponsored by Bosch Security. If you enjoyed today's episode, you can find more crime science episodes and valuable information at lpresearch.org. The content provided in the Crime Science Podcast is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for legal, financial, or other advice.

Views expressed by guests of the Crime Science Podcast are those of the authors and do not reflect the opinions or positions of the Loss Prevention Research Council.