LPRC - CrimeScience – The Weekly Review – Episode 91 with Dr. Read Hayes, Tom Meehan & Tony D’Onofrio

Episode Date: February 10, 2022

LPRC IGNITE is next week on Feb 15th to the 16th! COVID-19 brings Innovation to Vaccines! In this week’s episode, our co-hosts discuss two new LPRC Team members join the group, AI Machine Learning is growing, App Purchase Numbers are Explored, QR Codes can at times contain malware, and Civil Unrest Sprung up Over the Weekend. Listen in to stay updated on hot topics in the industry and more! The post CrimeScience – The Weekly Review – Episode 91 with Dr. Read Hayes, Tom Meehan & Tony D’Onofrio appeared first on Loss Prevention Research Council.

Hi, everyone, and welcome to Crime Science. In this podcast, we explore the science of crime and the practical application of this science for loss prevention and asset protection practitioners, as well as other professionals. We would like to thank Bosch for making this episode possible. Take advantage of the advanced video capabilities offered by Bosch to help reduce your shrink risk. Integrate video recordings with point-of-s sale data for visual verification of transactions and exception reporting. Use video analytics for immediate notification of important AP related events and leverage analytics metadata for fast forensic searches for evidence and to

improve merchandising and operations. Learn more about extending your video system beyond simple surveillance in zones one through four of LPRC's zones of influence by visiting Bosch online at boschsecurity.com. Welcome everybody to another episode of Crime Science, the podcast from the LPRC. This is the latest in our weekly update series. I'm joined today by Tony D'Onofrio and Tom Meehan, our producer, Diego Rodriguez as well. We're going to take a quick trip around the world and I'm going to start off, unfortunately, here we are still affected by this global pandemic from the SARS COVID-2 virus. And we're seeing now these home tests are arriving. And the big difference,

and I guess evidently the administration didn't want to send out and then has now sent out testing. And the mechanism behind that, of course, is that if any of us are feeling strongly feeling symptoms or we know that we've been exposed to somebody in the last four or five days that does have COVID, then we take the quick test. If we're positive, now we know. Stay home, triple mask, whatever it might be, so we don't infect somebody else. And so we're much more informed. People are not wandering around as much infected by COVID-19. So this is nice to get some testing. I know there's a lot more testing coming online, and this will make it easier. And some of these tests now, too, that can discriminate between a coronavirus and influenza or RSV and some of these other infections. So, again, going forward, hopefully in time, that'll be one of the outcomes here is that any of us, our children, our families, and others that aren't feeling well can get a quicker diagnosis as to what's going on so the right treatment can apply.

And so maybe we slow the spread of these things much, much earlier and not have to deal with what we're dealing with still. You know, we still see studies dealing with long COVID and the effects of the virus as it moves through our bloodstream and lands and affects certain parts of our brains, evidently, you know, the sense of smell and so on. But one thing that was interesting, and we talked about this very early on in the pandemic, the idea of these challenge studies and the challenge study being, of course, where individuals fully understand the upsides, but most importantly, the risk. It's consensual and informed, as we talked about, and hopefully can do no harm or research. And so you volunteer to be challenged. You will be purposely exposed to whatever the pathogen is, in this case COVID-19.

It took a long time, a lot of debate by ethicists because normally execute a challenge study, a relatively small N of 34, our sample size was 34 people, a young group, 18 to 30 years of age. It was the Imperial College of London and a private company that planned and executed the research. But some interesting things, they exposed them all in the same exact way to the exact same amount. And it was a relatively low dose of an earlier variant, of course, of COVID-19, or in this case, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, to see what would happen. Well, one half of those exposed actually were infected. And so, of course, everybody was being tested and studied to see what symptoms, when the onset of those

symptoms are and things like that. So it was interesting, though, that only half did get it, did become infected. And so this is always like we do in our science. Why? Why not? Why does somebody attempt to harm another or why do they not, given all kinds of different circumstances? So that was particularly interesting. And of those one half of the sample, in other words, you know, about 17, 18 people, what happened with those that now are infected? Many of those did not exhibit any symptoms at all, but they just knew they were infected due to testing. The symptomatic, one thing that was an interesting finding for them is those that did become symptomatic actually became symptomatic in less than two days after

the exposure, whereas the field studies, which are observational by and large, certainly they're not randomized controlled trials, it's really was, it's five days is what's been observed and reported on average, but it turns out actually if we're infected, at least in this very tiny sample, that's all it is, very tiny, but these things are, you know, are informative types of research studies. But we're actually are maybe symptomatic in fact, several days or three days earlier. So on average, there was high viral levels on average nine days after known infection. And, but up to 12 days, there were high viral levels. And I know one of our team members who had to take their

child again to the hospital in the emergency department and was full of people COVID positive, most masks, some not. And he ended up getting it and actually was testing positive for, again, a couple of weeks afterwards. And I know many of us have heard that and we've seen that in these research reports, but up to 12 days with this group, 70% of those, though, that became symptomatic, one of the symptoms were a loss of smell and or taste. Again, there must be some effects of our brain in that region. Now, again, trying to get an idea of how long does that last, there are a couple more studies out on long COVID, particularly those types of effects. In this case, because this study is over, the average was six months smell or taste deficit or wasn't existent up to nine months so far. But there are a couple that look like they may still have that.

So time will tell what happens there. They're now planning on future challenge studies in the same way that they have done with influenza and now with coronavirus. So this particular coronavirus. But the research continues because, again, why were 50 percent that were exposed not infected? Was it prior coronavirus? In other words, the cold coronavirus exposure or infection in the past? How far past, you know, was that did that confer some sort of immunity? Our immune response was ready in that case. in that case, and or was it just the person has a very robust immune system that injected the virus before it could become, before they could become infected and start to become symptomatic. So, more to come on that, but just interesting, those of us that are researchers to see

how they conduct the research, what their going-in hypotheses are, you know, the methods that they use to study and evaluate and assess, and then how they study and analyze what they find and sort of tease out inferences and implications for future research. So, stay tuned on that. You know, the next delta, next we're going to work on the delta variant. So, we know that has shown to be pretty serious for some people. So it'll be interesting to see how they orchestrate, instrument this type of research, challenge research in that, given that there could be a more severe outcome for some of the participants and subjects. So as far as vaccination now, the world is over 5 billion humans that have

been vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine. Almost four and a half of those have gotten at least two doses of the vaccine around the world. The United States, almost 220 million Americans have been vaccinated with the two dose or whatever the full regimen was at the time. or whatever the full regimen was at the time. So you can see a big part of the natural infection combined with over 200 plus and growing million Americans that have been vaccinated, fully vaccinated, as they say. What's that look like with these, given these variants that seem to be more transmissible,

but the observation right now is they're less virulent or serious. Again, 75 preclinical other vaccine candidates coming down the road trying to find ways to reduce the likelihood of infection, not just serious disease. And other ways to take the vaccine. We've talked about in the past with patches, with nasal sprays and pills and other modalities for taking the vaccine. 116 clinical vaccine candidates in human clinical trials, 51 in phase one, 50 in phase two, and 48 now in phase three with 10 vaccines fully approved in the United States. We know Moderna and Pfizer fully approved here. So that's some of the COVID-19 news. We have our LPRC kickoff conference. We talked about that. That was a great success, in our opinion, with 46

people taking part in that personally and then others online. And we were able to do a lot of dialogue, brainstorming and and lay out some of the hypotheses we have about, on the grand scale, why retail crime seems to be dominating the news sources for months now in this combination of lower downside risk for the would-be offender consequences. So that erosion, that steady erosion of consequences in all its forms, less formal sanction risk for them and less informal sanction risk for them. In other words, less likely that they would be caught and sanctioned publicly in any way has continued to diminish as well as the idea of any kind of shaming or informal sanctions. In fact, a lot of them posting videos of themselves and a lot of bragging and things like that.

So when you have that much of the downside risk for them, their consequences continue to erode. People become bolder. We see on the other side, of course, again, more upside for them as well. side, of course, again, more upside for them as well. And again, coming in two forms. One is increasingly easy, as we all know, to convert stolen, counterfeit, and altered goods, SCAG, to cash online through all the platforms and sub-platforms and going through different legitimate sellers, even though you're not or you are an illicit seller, but nobody's got your information and knows that. And then we see, too, what we just talked about on the lower consequence side and that more people are using it as a badge of honor to be blatant. But again, some of the outward signs when people come in the shoplift and no longer run, they just slowly walk out. So we're seeing a lot of that and the

effects that's having on good employees and good customers that are fearful, that are disgusted, and they have other opportunities for jobs. And so we see a huge boomerang effect as far as the harm goes. So that's a big topic on that grand scale. And again, with Dr. Corey Lowe on our team working on the ARCS project, which you're going to see that retail crime study. He's now close to 100,000 different incidents reported by retailers. More retailers have started to join the effort and are going to be reporting in much greater detail what they're experiencing in all its forms so that we can collect a lot more data around what's happening, where it's happening, when it's happening, how it's happening, and things like that. And you see that progression in the public sector where we've gone from NCR reporting to

NIBRS. And the attempt on that level is to get each and every law enforcement agency more accurately and more completely and definitively reporting the crime that they're experiencing and what they're doing about it in an attempt to get a better handle on crime. So at the LPRC, that's what we're doing here, in addition to the micro studies that we conduct. So stay tuned on more of that. We'll be talking a lot about that next week at our LPRC Ignite conference. We're excited. Right now, we've had around 30 of our leaders that are now able to come in. Diego Rodriguez, who is leading the charge as far as the Ignite conference, putting together logistics and so forth,

as the Ignite conference, putting together logistics and so forth, is now predicting that we could have between 40 and 55 present, as well as those that will be online. So we want all of our board of advisors, our LPRC Innovate, the advisory panel members, and then, again, the number ones or twos from the vice presidents of asset protection and loss pension and their number twos, if you will, that we will have three of our sessions will be on teams and available for you all. So if you haven't gotten that, you'll be getting the agenda and the links to register to get in there and help us steer the LPRC. And we've got a great lineup of events. You know, we've got our chair, Scott Zeider, welcoming everybody. We've got some new board of advisor members. We've got representatives from Australia, New Zealand, from Europe, Canada, as well as from the United States. And just really, really excited. Some of these new retailers that are coming in, these strong leaders that are

participating in this. We've got some of the nominations for some of the awards that they'll be giving out. They're looking to add a couple more BOA members, board of advisor members, to represent new types of retailers that are joining us. We're having some of these that are online only or may have one or two showcase stores. So there's other things, some exciting developments there. We're going to go through operations, our strategy, and the things about operating the LPRC as an organization, a lot around membership. And they call it Smart Growth, the BOA, and they're talking about what retailers, what solution partners, and other industry partners make the most sense to get involved in the LPRC.

We know that the ISCPO has aligned forces and more announcements to come on some other organizations out there as we get stronger. The LP Foundation, LP Magazine, D&D Daily, and others are already involved, but there looks to be some more cooperation in the making there coming up. We'll be going through cooperation in the making there coming up. We'll be going through some of the finance and resources. We want to continue to grow the team. Yesterday, we had another strong young researcher join us, Dr. Sarah McFann. As a research scientist, we have Orion Sanangelo, who's joined us as a research analyst as well. We had great calls with ESRI planning our mapping, crime and mapping center of excellence yesterday.

Some great other calls. installing all kinds of new technologies, running low voltage, Ethernet cables, and so on, and making the connections that we need as we go and blow through the 180 technology solutions in the lab, as well as an array of solutions across the Safer Places lab, which is the ecosystem outside the building, a full square block with four sub-blocks there as well. More going on with the science to practice. We're going to be going through working groups, the upcoming events. We're adding a SOC and sensor summit. We have the seven working groups. Product Protection, of course, has their own summit. The Supply Chain Protection Working Group has their own summit and gathering. The Violent Crime Working Group, the same, which this year, by the way, will be in Philadelphia. And Sarah McFann, she'll be working with Bosch and others as leaders putting together that summit,

as well as a year of amazing interaction and research in the violent crime reduction. They're working on active shooter markers or red flags. They're working on armed robbery tracking. In fact, we're using a current case study I might have mentioned before down in South Florida where there's an active crew of armed robbers hitting stores has not been caught yet. So working with ESRI and mapping it and doing some things there, that will be featured as well. But we're adding also a summit for the innovation working group, and that will be the SOC and Sensor Summit, the Security Operations Center or Command Center concept. That will be here in Gainesville at the labs, and so we're excited for that. Look for the upcoming dates and the specific agendas there. So, I could go on and on, but I know better, and so I'm going to go ahead and turn it over, if I might, to Tony

D'Onofrio. Tony, if you could take it away. Thank you very much, Reid. That great update on COVID, and also I'm looking forward to Ignite next week and kicking off with the board on the great work that's taking place. So this week, I'm going to do three updates as I usually do. Let me start first with a topic that I've been tracking in China for a long time and that's how we shop through social media or through social commerce. And this is a survey done through Infographic Journal and it looks at U.S. trends in terms of social commerce. And what it is, again, it's a process by which when you're in a social media app, the ability to directly shop, and that's still emerging in the U.S. And as you'll see later, it's actually exploding in other parts of the world.

Some of the questions that they asked are, have you ever discovered a product on social media and purchased it directly on the phone. And it's interesting that it's very high. 82% said yes and 18% said no. 57% bought something while watching a live stream on a social media app. 72% rated live stream shopping a 9 or 10 out of 10. So they liked the engagement through live streaming. Twenty-nine percent buying something via social commerce at least once a week. Twenty-two percent buy mostly apparel, and fifty-three percent buy beauty products.

Those were the two largest categories. E-marketers forecasted that in 2021, U.S. social media commerce would rise by nearly 36 percent to 37 billion, and the number of shoppers using this channel will be 96 million by 2022 this year. And despite this growth, it's interesting again when you compare it to other parts of the world. USA social commerce is only about a tenth of the size as already it is in China, where social media shopping is already a $351 billion business in 2021.

And live streaming is probably $150 billion. So those are two channels that I think are going to continue to come to the US. and the Western world. Total USA retail commerce currently forecast have it reaching 80 billion by 2025. I think it will be higher. So the ability to shop interactively while you're engaging with your audience is coming to a web or to a social media app near you. Let me switch next to another report that I track every year,

which is where do retailers plan to expand globally? What countries do they go to when they're thinking of expanding global retailers? And this report is from A.T. Kearney, and it's called the Global Retail Development Index. Kearney, and it's called the Global Retail Development Index. And again, they summarize the countries that are prioritized for expansion by global retailers. The top five and the latest one for 2021 were China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Bangladesh. What's interesting is the takeaways from the report, the key takeaways. First, inclusion markets in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. Fossil fuel development governments are increasingly turning to retail to diversify their economies and win them away from oil dependency. emerging nations can simultaneously occupy multiple positions in the window of opportunity chart. They actually have a great chart in the report that shows which countries are emerging, which countries are mature, and which countries are under decline in terms of expansion for global retailers. And what they say, there is a significant difference between urban, for example,

and rural China, so that you cannot look at it as one country. You've got to look at it as multiple countries and actually do various stages of development. success in world consumer spending and the gravity slowly shifting away from the U.S. and develop European markets to Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. And again, if you look at places like China and even in some parts of India, advanced or modern retail is amazing what they've done, especially in China in terms of the link to technology, to shopping. This process in terms of shifting away from the U.S. and Europe to the other parts of the world is not going to happen overnight, but that where is the arc of commercial history seems to be bending for retail. Fourth, the pace of development is directly linked to innovation, penetration, and acceptance of consumers of retail technologies

from simple phone connectivity, sophisticated and secure electronic payment system. I've always said in my presentation that the smartphone as a third megatrend has really opened up the world to shopping. If you've got a good app and the ability to take payment, you can basically sell anywhere in the world to a smartphone. And smartphone penetration is growing like crazy around the world. And finally, from this report, the real lessons is that all things, especially markets, change often as it was the case with COVID-19 with little or no warning. little or no warning. So there is no effective substitute for really understanding where the markets are and where you need to expand and really being deep. So globalization of retail, I think it's going to continue because consumers love brand and there's a lot of global retailers that are members of LPRC. So it's good to track which markets are going to go next and how we support them.

And finally, this week, again, supporting a lot of the great work that's going on at the LPRC. Let me talk about the latest research on artificial intelligence and how it's evolving in retail. And this is both artificial intelligence and machine learning. And this research was published in ChainStorage. About two-thirds of retail responsements said AI and machine learning are technologies that are the most mission critical in their business strategy. This has led other technology areas such as cybersecurity, cloud computing, data science, and e-commerce to have lower percentages of prioritizing AI above all those. Almost six in 10 respondents in the retail space said AI and ML technology are a high

priority for their industry. More than seven in 10 said AI has had a positive impact on revenue generation, also on expense reductions, while 69% reported that AI and ML have had a positive impact on brand awareness, and 67% said these technologies have had a positive impact on brand reputation. Three-quarters of responders and retail said they are employing AI and ML as part of their business strategies, IT, or both, while 68% of retail responders are allocating between 6% to 10% of their budget to these types of projects. Important to remember from a loss prevention point of view that these projects are happening and you really need to be thinking how did you get your projects into that mix. So again, 6% to 10%

of the budget is going to AI. And just to give you an idea of into that mix. So, again, 6% to 10% of the budget is going the way out. And just to give you an idea of how fast it's growing, this compares to a spend as a percentage of the budget of 1% to 10% in the last survey. So, again, much lower and to a much more accelerated. The survey reveals that these applications are being used across the board in terms of improving the speed of efficiencies of retail processes, personalized content and understanding customers, understanding marketing effectiveness, gaining competitive advantages, increasing revenue, and predicting performance so uh so again i would encourage everyone here and i and in the actual summary that i published i actually put more data from the survey i would encourage all the listeners to get engaged with lprc because ai nml is an area where we're expanding focus and really there's some exciting things in loss prevention

and how loss prevention helps the rest of the organization become more effective that you're going to see in the future. And with that, let me turn it over to Tom. Well, thank you, Tony. Thank you, Reid. And I'll start off with some COVID news related to civil unrest. This is really coming out of Canada. So there's been a fair amount of trucker protests. So the Canadian government has mandated vaccines for truckers, and there's been protests all over Canada. And actually, there was a fairly large protest that blocked the largest international crossing from Michigan to the United States. So interestingly enough, the government is taking a very aggressive stance on this. They've actually seized fuel,

made arrests. There was talks, which is not typical in the Canadian market, of some of these protesters having firearms. So a lot of news, and it made international news. It was really all over, you know, pretty much every major news agency in the last 48 hours had put some pictures. And the pictures are, you know, good media pictures because you see trucks blocking bridges and truck drivers with signs. And this is all around the anti-vaccination effort that occurred. around the anti-vaccination effort that occurred. And then throughout the whole entire country, all over Canada, there were in downtown suburbs, truck drivers just holding their air horns at full blast so that they were causing disruption around the pace. Although there were reports of firearms in the news, there was no major reports of violence or destruction. This was really almost exclusively protests to disrupt traffic and noise to really send the

message out. Again, the government has taken a strong stance that they're not going to tolerate it and that they seized fuel, made some arrests. It is unlawful to block traffic, so they were making arrests in that way, seized some trucks that went through. But this continues to burr the question of what, if any, impact this would have on some of the other supply chain disruptions that we're faced with.

To date, I'm not sure that we see any evidence to support it well, but if this continues, there's a likelihood that this could create challenges. Certainly, it's creating traffic, and certainly it's creating challenges at international borders. There are some measures being taken from the Canadian government to try to limit that, but when you have tractor-trailers, it's really tough to limit them from going across the bridge. So they have actually looked at rerouting and some other things, but to date, they've really not had any success with the exception of seizing fuel and trucks. So we'll continue to monitor it. At this point, it is not, you know, affecting the U.S.

in any other way than the border crossings, but it just is the continuous reminder of the civil unrest. And even at what I would say further into COVID, this still happens throughout the world. We do see it here in the US, but in much smaller spurts. But as we all know, civil disruption in the retail space causes major challenges. So it's something that we'll continue to watch and talk about here. Additionally, there was civil unrest in major metropolitan cities throughout the United States. There's actually over a couple of different shootings, but the Amir al-Awlaki is one. There's two or three instances involving police, including the police officer that was released early. Minnesota, Indianapolis, Chicago, San Francisco, Denver.

Looking at the list, you know, a lot of the metropolitan cities, not huge gatherings. And while there were arrests, at least from what I'm monitoring, relatively peaceful protests, one of the things that I think, as we know, when we talk about protests is the weather in the Midwest, I think actually helped keeping the size of some of these protests down. They had a significant snowstorm and the freezing temperatures. So these groups were between 100 and 1000 but they were scattered throughout major metropolitan cities additionally there were some protests throughout dakota and oklahoma around leonard pelter and leonard pelter was you know incarcerated in 1975 he was arrested uh involved in a shooting at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, which two FBI agents were killed in. There were several protests around the release of him. And while this is probably not front of mind for us because it is somewhat regionalized, those protests, there were

police officers injured and were, but I would say a little bit more problematic, you know, from a violence standpoint, relatively small groups. But in a short week, I was monitoring about 46 protests throughout domestically, not including outside the U.S. and read and spoke about the SOC, the importance of utilizing the LPRC, and when the fusion net is active and really asking when you're seeing things, if the fusion net isn't active, going in and actually starting that conversation and banter. So when you think of over a weekend, almost 50 protests, that's a lot of protests in almost all of them in major metropolitan cities, and of all different sizes, as little as 20 or 30 and as many as 1,000. And I actually did not and do not generally monitor all of the other protests that I would say are going on. So there were several other protests that are somewhat consistent through whether it would be anti-government or certain markets where they're

just a kind of a consistent piece of it. So definitely something to keep our eyes on and stay abreast of together. Another thing is in ransomware and cyber reaches, I thought, you know, we often talk about the risk of ransomware and cybersecurity threats and where I think today we're seeing a sway in the attack vector. Retail continues to be a big attack vector for cybersecurity professionals, especially the more targeted approaches, as well as public schools. So Albuquerque's public school system was a target of cyber criminal and actually closed and canceled their classes for two days. So these are extremely disruptive events. And we talk about all the basic things that we can do, but education and awareness is the key. We talk about not clicking, talk about not looking at

emails, you know, images and emails. If you don't know what it is, don't click on it if you're not expecting it. And, you know, a general rule of thumb is if you're not expecting something and it looks even remotely suspicious, if you have to question whether it's suspicious, it's usually reach out to the sender and find out if it's real. And then lastly, the FBI released a warning a couple of weeks back, it's actually about a week and a half back, around QR codes and the risk that we have to QR codes, the cybersecurity risk. And this is not a new warning.

It's more of a heightened warning. But today, and this has been absolutely accelerated from Corona and COVID, the QR codes are used just about everywhere from a contactless payment standpoint. But more importantly, from a menu in restaurant, it's not uncommon today to go into a restaurant and the QR code is the preferred method of the menu for the restaurant. It's cheaper, easier for them to update. And in some places they just don't have paper or booklet menus. Well, when you scan that QR code with your phone, if you have a phone that's newer than seven years old, in most cases, when you scan that with a picture, it automatically prompts you to click on a link.

Well, here's where the challenge comes into play is when you're clicking on that link, it could, in fact, execute malicious code and potentially install malware or ransomware onto your device. So when you are out and about, you know, clicking QR code or taking photos or looking on a QR code, you have to be mindful of what it is. So this is not to say that QR codes are bad and that you need to be very, very concerned, but there's a concern of in an environment where you wouldn't normally see a QR code. And here's my example. If you were out at a trade show or a retailer and you just saw a QR code randomly somewhere, that's an easy kind of phishing technique of someone that is a social engineer or a cybersecurity professional. If you think about it, we are now ingrained and trained, our behavior is to scan these codes to see what they are. There's information for us. So now we have to start to taking the that's exactly what that QR code is asking for. So if it prompts you to know your location when you're looking at a menu, understand that it's taking data and identifying where you're using it from. So there's some privacy challenges there.

And then the last part of this warning, which further exasperates QR codes, is that in some cases, personally generated QR codes have personal information on them. And we talked about this on the podcast many, many months ago about the, you know, the, the risk of if you lose your, your ticket, your airline ticket, that that barcode actually contains some personal information name, you know, first and last name, sometimes a date of birth, not, I think they've removed that at this point. You know, your name is definitely going to be

embedded in there. Your frequent fire number is definitely embedded there. If you are using an application that generates a QR code for you, understand what information you are sharing with that QR code when you're doing it. There are a lot of apps out there that are designed to create QR codes for business cards. I use one myself called Popple. There are a whole bunch of different ones And we know that in the LPRC, that's the thing we're always talking about as technology advances and the good guys or the green shopper figures out how to make it more efficient, the red shopper figures out how to take advantage of it. And with that, I will turn it back over to Reed. Thank you so much, Tom, for all that great information. Tony, amazing as well. So many risks, so many threats out there. And Tony, you mentioned, of course, AI. And in fact, we have a meeting

today at 10 a.m. Eastern with an embedded NVIDIA AI scientist at the University of Florida with our HyperGator 3.0 AI program. So we're excited to showcase and talk with this top scientist from NVIDIA around some of the AI opportunities. So everybody stay safe out there. Stay in touch with us, lpresearch.org or operations at lpresearch.org. We're always here. We always want to listen. We want to talk with you, get your suggestions and ideas. Stay safe out there. Thanks again.

Thanks for listening to the Crime Science Podcast, presented by the Loss Prevention Research Council and sponsored by Bosch Security. If you enjoyed today's episode, you can find more crime science episodes and valuable information at lpresearch.org. The content provided in the Crime Science Podcast is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for legal, financial, or other advice. Views expressed by guests of the Crime Science Podcast are those of the authors and do not reflect the opinions or positions of the Loss Prevention Research Council.