Mayim Bialik's Breakdown - Before the Big Bang: God, Alien Life & The Operating System of Reality | Dr. Brian Keating

Episode Date: June 9, 2026

What if EVERYTHING we know about reality is missing a deeper operating system?In this episode of Mayim Bialik's Breakdown, Dr. Brian Keating (professor of physics, experimental cosmologist, and host of the Into the Impossible podcast) dives into the biggest unanswered questions in science, consciousness, God, the Big Bang, extraterrestrial life, simulation theory, and the hidden limits of human knowledge.Dr. Keating breaks down:- Why humanity NEEDS a Grand Unified Theory before we can ever reach a true “Theory of Everything”, and how scientists are trying to uncover the operating system of reality itself- “A telescope is a time machine”: How looking into deep space is literally looking backward through time toward the origins of existence- Shocking scientific and philosophical implications of the Big Bang, and the terrifying question: What was BEFORE time?- Could another universe have collapsed to create ours?- Why studying space-time itself may unlock secrets hidden before the beginning of the universe- Why the Big Bang explains the expanding universe, and where modern cosmology still breaks down- How Dr. Keating reconciles being both a scientist & a person of faith- Can God & science coexist? How God may tie into the creation of the universe through a scientific lens- Why God’s existence should not be subjected to scientific testing- Hidden limits of both religion AND scientific data- Where consciousness may actually come from according to modern physics- Why the role of scientists is not to “prove” things- Why even world-famous scientists secretly struggle with imposter syndrome- Deistic implications of the Simulation Hypothesis, and whether reality itself could be engineered- Search for extraterrestrial life: why we still have ZERO confirmed evidence despite viral claims- Debunking alleged “signs of life” on Mars and separating science from speculation- His take on the mysterious deaths and disappearances of U.S. scientists connected to nuclear & aerospace research- Could unexplained events be connected to UAPs, nonhuman intelligence, or classified technology?- Cattle mutilations, alleged energy weapons, and why unexplained phenomena always breed suspicion- Why uncertainty is one of the most dangerous (and fascinating) forces in human civilizationThis episode explores the edge where cosmology, philosophy, consciousness, religion, and the unknown collide.If you’re fascinated by the Big Bang, aliens, simulation theory, UAPs, consciousness, physics, God, or the future of humanity, this conversation will completely change how you think about reality itself!They can't harm you, if they can't find you! Use code MAYIM at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/mayimReceive a free LMNT Sample Pack with purchase just visit <https://drinklmnt.com/mayim>For a limited time only, our listeners get 10% off + free shipping at Tumbleliving.com/BREAK. After you purchase, they will ask you where you heard about them. PLEASE support our show and tell them our show sent you.Go to https://www.helixsleep.com/breakdown for 20% off sitewide.Go to https://tidd.ly/4uVltMe and use the code MAYIM50 to get $50 off your Elastique order.Substack newsletter & transcript: https://briankeating.substack.com//mbbMayim's viewers only — win a real 4.3-billion-year-old meteorite: https://briankeating.com/mbbDr. Brian Keating’s podcast, Into the Impossible: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJGKdZD30K_9rVCDAdRSwoJLi5ls6JN-qDr. Brian Keating’s books: https://briankeating.com/books/Follow us on Substack for Exclusive Bonus Content: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bialikbreakdown.substack.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠BialikBreakdown.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube.com/mayimbialik⁠⁠⁠See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

For the universe to come into existence, it needed to have been created. We think there's one big bag. No, no, no, no. There's many big bags. God's existence should be subjected to scientific test. It's the highest form that you could possibly approach in science is trying to understand the operating system of reality. Where is consciousness?

The most dangerous words in science are not, if I didn't see it, I wouldn't have believed it. If I didn't believe it, I wouldn't have seen it. It's called confirmation bias. And it's the most pernicious, destructive force in all of science. Dr. Brian Heating. He's an experimental cosmologist here to discuss what came before the Big Bang and what is it about our universe that seems to indicate that consciousness is fundamental. This meteorite found in Northwest Africa has the chemical composition of parts of Mars that have been surveyed. The reason I collect samples of Mars and the Moon is because it shows us not only is our planet active, our solar systems active.

It's almost inconceivable that we wouldn't find some evidence of life on Mars. There's been recent deaths and disappearances of science. Does it give you pause? Well, that is a sign perhaps of... Mine Bealex Breakdown is supported by Helix Sleep. Summer's in the air, and so are all of the allergens that come with it. Summer allergens means you need more sleep, but there are a ton of factors that can prevent us

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Today we're going to be speaking with the Chancellor's Distinguished Professor of Physics at UCSD, Dr. Brian Keating. He's an experimental cosmologist. Dr. Keating is here to discuss what came before the Big Bang. Can we prove that God exists? And what is it about our universe that seems to indicate that consciousness is fundamental? He's also the author of Into the Impossible and Into the Impossible, too, incredible conversations with Nobel laureates. These are fantastic books.

We have so much to talk about with Dr. Brian Keating. Welcome to the breakdown. Break it down. Ah, it's been a long time coming. Yeah, we're so happy to have you here. You come bearing, I don't know if they're gifts. You show and tell? They are gifts.

So maybe we'll get to some of them. Maybe we won't. But these are, you know, kind of reveals. Okay, got it. We'll reveal it. There's many places we'd like to begin with you. But I think we'll start with kind of letting you tell us what's sort of your mission in terms of the public part of you. Obviously, you're a professor and a researcher. What do you bring, especially with your writing?

I think, you know, what my goal is in terms of the public persona such as it is, is to bring an experimentalist point of view to the reality of what physics is and kind of be a champion, be a evangelist, as I call it, for science. So to the extent that the public knows a physicist at all, which is great, it's Michi Okaku, it's Neil deGrasse Tyson, it's Richard Feynman of the pastor, Albert Einstein, right? These are all theoreticians. These are all people that dabble in the theoretical, but they're not the ones actually building the telescopes, launching them into space, taking them to the South Pole, taking them to Chile, doing the real, real stuff that we have to do to get the evidence to not prove them

right, but to hopefully prove them wrong. My job is not to prove people right at all. People always say, what do you hope to find? What do you hope to do? Whose theory do you have? I don't hope they all fail because the more interesting things are learned, the more that we collect data, the more things that we can actually approach and learn in the future. And I think that's the, you know, rare thing in society nowadays. Everything's so theoretical. Everyone's got their own theory. I call, you know, theories of everything, like the AI slop of science is like everyone's got one. And so my job is really to bring, you know, hardcore evidence to the problem and then ask what we can go from there. One of the things that I wonder if you can speak to is, you know,

there's a tremendous amount of interest in many aspects of physics that in many cases are actually not grounded in physics, either theories or, you know, kind of practical applications. What have you seen in terms of people's interest in, let's say, life on other planets, even the use of AI to try and, you know, predict things about the nature of reality. What's been your kind of experience as someone who kind of has boots on the ground, but also understands the larger picture of people's interest? Well, I think, you know, oftentimes I say this, I get into trouble for it. I think, like, we have a moral obligation as scientists to share what we do with the public, and I think too many people don't do it. And the ones who sometimes do do it are so poorly trained

and like, I would say it's, you know, as an actress, you'll appreciate it, but, you know, it's like, we're handed the greatest script ever written by the greatest author in the noble universe, and here we are fumbling every single line, you know. And so I think we need more training for it. But my scientists that are real scientists, they'll say, you shouldn't have a YouTube channel. You shouldn't be doing these things in outreach. You shouldn't go on the myambialic breakdown. Because that's not what a serious scientist does. I said, oh, yeah, yeah, I forgot, you know, you were born knowing quantum mechanics. You know, rolled out of the womb knowing, you know, quantum electrodynamics.

right? No, so you have to work at it. And anything you care about, you work at. So I've been working for a while. I probably could do better, but trying to bring, as I said, hardcore data-based approach to science. So right now, the best evidence for string theory is that it produces a lot of string theorists. But you have to also understand there's a huge counter narrative, people like Peter Thiel, Mark Andreson, and others that they're saying Eric Weinstein is a very good friend of mine. You know, physics has stagnated for the last five decades, and it's all string theory's fault or super asymmetry's fault. Remember super asymmetry? Yeah. From one you of the Nobel Prize. That's right.

So it's all the super, and it's the god that failed of science. And I can be sympathetic to some of that. But I think they put way too much emphasis on one narrow branch of science. And they kind of are overlooking. You know, we're all looking for this theory of everything, this T-O-E, the toe. And I always say, you know, we haven't found a grand unified theory, a gut. You know, you're putting the toe before the gut, you know, and I have some experience with the gut. But the point I'm trying to make is that it's great to have ambitions, but, and it's great to try to approach the divine.

It's the highest form that you could possibly approach in science is trying to understand the base layer, the operating system of reality. That's what we physicists are trying to do. But so often it gets completely detached from experimental verification, from epistemology, from even the basics of, you know, what you might call the scientific method. And I think that is dangerous. But you have to separate the sociological problems. You know, scientists are human, you know, despite the stereotype. You know, what's the joke about how do you know a scientist is outgoing? You know, he looks at your shoes when he talks to you.

In reality, we don't have a great, as I said, we don't get training in how to approach these things. But from my perspective, the most fun thing is to collect data, as I said, and prove somebody wrong. When you prove something wrong, you get a little bit closer to truth. That's my mission. I think about, you know, a bit about sort of your story. and also a lot of your writing, you know, geared around understanding, you know, in your own words, like what it's like to not win, you know, a Nobel Prize. And you talk a lot about your dad and how when your dad passed away, you sort of felt like

there was nothing to prove anymore to anyone, right? And so that kind of shifted. Can you talk a little about your journey? Because, you know, as you've described it, you get to study the things that as children, and we have this natural sense of wonder, this natural sense of awe around. And this is what you do for a living. Can you talk about kind of your path

how that led you essentially to not winning a Nobel Prize? Yeah, so for me, you know, I always loved astronomy ever since I was a little kid and did as we all do and noticed that the moon was following me. I mean, we're pretty important. We like to think of ourselves as really important,

but the moon doesn't follow us, you know, spoiler alert. But it felt like that. I was really wondering why that was. As a 10-year-old, as an 8-year-old, whatever. And then I realized, well, one day I can get a telescope. You know, if I work hard enough, if I make enough money and if I get a loan from a three-letter agency, not the NSF, but the M-O-M. My mom gave me alone. God bless her.

And I bought my first telescope. And this was a transformation for me because I realized you could see planets without going on a satellite. You could see the craters of the moon, the mountains of the moon, the rings of Saturn. You can see all these things with, you know, your telescope, your eye connected to a telescope, like this one that my son wanted me to show you. This is a 3D printed telescope that he made Using the only finest Chinese parts And then yeah So it's obscured now by something I'm going to reveal later to you

If you stay tuned That's a what do you call that in acting? A foreshadow That's right So for me it was like impossible to think someone's going to pay me To use a telescope It's like would you like a job as an ice cream taster You know how about a wizard Jonathan

Would you enjoy being a wizard? We'd enjoy that and we'll pay you You know like whoa what this is crazy I can get a job doing this which is bizarre because my father had been a professor, but as he said, I kind of had a difficult relationship. I'll get into that later. But, you know, the perspective that I brought was,

this is incredible. I do it for free. It's one of those states with this guy whose name I can't pronounce, like Chicks of Sarnelaghab. You guys will know the flow state. When I was in front of a telescope, time disappears. And I still feel like that. So as my telescopes grew from something like this,

a couple inches across when I was a 12-year-old pimple-faced kid in Dobbs Ferry, New York, you know, growing up to now, when I have a six-meter telescope at my disposal, more or less with my 400 colleagues on the Simon's Observatory, this is just a natural extension of this pure joy that I get to do, and I would do it for free. Don't tell Kevin Newsom, please. Don't tell the Regents yet. You know, I'm still a public employee.

I would do it for free. I just love it. So for me, the notion that you could have a telescope and you could see back in time, literally a telescope is a time machine. You know, I don't see you as you are this second. I see you actually two nanoseconds. And I see Jonathan four nanoseconds ago. So he looks a little bit younger. You know, he looks a young.

But that's because light travels at a finite, but very high speed of about one foot per billionth of a second. So as we look back in space, we're looking back in time. That's why the sun, the sun could, you know, God forbid, disappear right now. We wouldn't know it for eight more minutes. But this would be the greatest last thing that you guys could possibly do together. You shouldn't live life like it's your last day. You should live life like it's your last eight minutes. That's the lesson.

So for me, the cutest thing to note about it is there's a quote that I love from Sauron Kierkegaard, the very depressing, you know, Scandinavian philosopher. And he said, you know, life must be live forwards, but you can only understand it looking backwards. No else in all of science and all of society, do you have a time machine to go backwards and look at the past. So I find that just like almost orgeistically pleasurable to think about and that we get to do it for a living. It's just the greatest privilege I think I can have. What are you trying to find? So our telescopes right now, I do two different types of astronomy. One is using visible wavelength light to look for forbidden symmetry violations in the early universe.

It's called like if the speed of light were to change, like red light travels faster than blue light. We don't have any evidence of that, but we could detect that in a very tiny way. And that would show a violation not only of certain laws of how light travels, but of Einstein's relativity theory. That's one branch, kind of my side hustle. I literally do that for fun. Side hustle is trying to disprove Einstein. Exactly. That's my side hustle.

My main job is, in addition to teaching at UC San Diego, is to use the cosmic microwave background radiation. It's the oldest light in the universe. It's the leftover heat after, you know, God pushed the one in the microwave oven. You took out whatever he was created. Cook the primordial soup. And in that primordial soup is a heat, is a glow.

It's an afterglow of the few. of the first nuclei in the periodic table. So hydrogen and its isotopes and to helium and so forth. And that's all there was for millions, perhaps billions of years until the first galaxies form. So it literally is the oldest light in the universe. And as I said, when you look at something back in space,

you're looking back in time. So we're seeing a snapshot of the, not just the universe, the chemical processes in the universe. Nothing, you know, cultural. There's no, you know, people around or anything like that. The universe is a boiling 3,000 degrees Kelvin, 3,000 degrees above absolute zero at that time.

but we see the imprints of it. And now we can take those imprints because it's the oldest light and use that to learn things about the physical nature of the universe at that time. So again, the theme today, for me, at least, is evidence, not speculation. We can talk about near-death experiences. We can talk about alienism. I'm sure we will because you guys are, you know, even more diverse intellectually than I am on my show. And I love it. But for me, I love the hardcore grounding that we can sample the physical conditions of the early universe from a distance of,

45 billion light years away. My Ambialx breakdown is supported by Mudwater. Jonathan and I have taken the plunge. We are into mudwater, and we love it. I especially love their turmeric latte. Makes us feel energized without the jitters. That's why we want to tell you about the starter kit, because it's genuinely the best way to get into mudwater.

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The frother alone is worth it. That's right, up to 43% off with code break at M-U-D-W-T-R.com. It's a fantastic frother. After you purchase, they'll ask you how you found them. Please show your support and let them know we sent you. Mine be Alex breakdown is supported by OneSkin. Whether you try every new skincare product or you've been using the same things for years, at some point your skin is just not going to keep up the way it used to.

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That's 15% off, OnSkin.com with code break. After you purchase, they'll ask you how you heard about them. Please support our show and let them know we sent you. MyMBLX breakdown is supported by Bioptimizers. We're very excited to share with you our new nighttime ritual. We tried magnesium breakthrough by Bioptimizers. and we can say that this is definitely different. Most magnesium supplements have only one or two forms.

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What does it look like? The question that you could ask is like, what color is it? But I know we're talking in a whole different. Yeah. That's part of the reason I started my side hustle of using optical light because you can actually explain to somebody, what is red light, you know, but when you say what is microwave? Yeah, what is the oldest light in the universe look like? So it originally came out looking like ultraviolet light, like extremely powerful or even gamma radiation, x-ray radiation.

It was extremely hot, leftover heat. When you fuse two things together, when you fuse together, it all started with a Big Bang. When you fuse together a proton and a neutron and another proton to make an isotope of helium, when you do that, there's some heat left over. And that's where fusion energy would get its energy from. That energy is in the form of heat. We call it energy, but it's heat. And that heat is not in the visible wavelength or the infrared wavelength.

It's in the microwave today because the universe has stretched since the universe has been expanding for a factor of 1,000 times since this light was produced. We know that extremely accurately, by the way. And since the universe has been expanding, it's gone from the invisible x-ray radiation or gamma-ray radiation to beyond that to the microwave. So it's called the cosmic microwave background. So it's a cosmological signal. it occurs in all directions at all times of year, day and night, no matter where you are on Earth, the South Polar Antarctica, the mountains of Chile, the depths of outer space. It's the same everywhere for everybody at this moment.

And it's cooling off, and so now it's cooled off into the micro-rub. Now, what does it tell you? So it really does tell you about the physical conditions at the time in which it was produced. So the micro-raves themselves were produced long before what would become the micro-raves, the heat, was produced from fusion. But then the universe expanded. It expanded for a long time until about half a million years after the Big Bang. When that time period occurred, the universe had cooled enough that hydrogen could form.

So before that, it was protons and electrons. Just like ping ponging around. Bouncing around like West Hollywood. The probability of them. Exactly. So they couldn't come together because as soon as they came together and combined to make hydrogen, they got zapped apart by a high-energy photon. But eventually, the universe expands so much, those photons are really far apart. They're really cold.

They've cooled off, I mean, they've cooled off into the, you know, infrared and millimeter wave. They've cooled off enough that now hydrogen can be stabilized. When that happens, the universe becomes transparent. The light just goes from straight there to wherever it's going to go, and eventually it ends up in our telescopes in Chile or the South Pole. So it's sampling the physical and chemical properties of the universe by its wavelength, by its spectrum, by its intensity. And what we study specifically is called its polarization.

Most people don't know, but light has three properties. Its intensity, how bright it is, its color, the wavelength it has, and it's polarization, which is the orientation of the electromagnetic field. Okay, what does that mean? You have polarized sunglasses, I'm sure. I hope you do in California. What's that? I don't like them.

I can't look at my phone with them. That's right. But no one else can look at their phone. That's true. So polarize sunglasses reduce the glare. So glare is polar. Look at this table right here. Here's a perfect example.

See you have the glare on the table. I don't know if the shots will get it. If we had glasses, we could modulate that and there would be no glare. That's why if you wear them at the beach, you can see through the glare in the ocean. You can see that fish, the shark that's coming to get you, whatever. That's why polarization's interesting. But polarization tells us about the physical nature of space time when these photons were produced that make up the C&B that we observe today. Why is that important?

Well, we have this Big Bang theory. But I like to say, we don't know who put the bang in the Big Bang. I went to England. I gave a talk at the Royal Society. Royal Institution, and it was a lot of fun because Michael Faraday used to work or James Clark Maxwell would hang out. That's a storied place. And I said, you know, we're trying to find today the big banger.

And I put up a picture of, you know, sausages and mashed potato. They call sausages bangers. You bangs in. And so the, what put the bang in the big bang? We don't know. There's a candidate theory for it, proposed 1980, called inflation. inflation is the hyper, accelerated expansion of space time that then produced the heat that then became the Big Bang. So most people think the Big Bang is time equals zero. That's wrong. That's absolutely wrong.

Scientists don't think the Big Bang is time equals zero. We don't think that's when there was a singularity or perhaps when there was a preseating universe, which is now another theory we can discuss. A preceding universe that collapsed to make our universe. Okay. That's a Canada theory. Let's talk about that. later, but we don't know right now, just in the Big Bang theory, one of the many gaps in our knowledge is what caused it to bang? There was no explanation for it. I always say to my students, I say, flaws lead to new laws. In other words, when you discover something is missing in a theory, that's a good place for you to start to do research.

Don't do research on the 12th decimal place of some esoteric process, right? And nobody's going to really care about that. You can do it if you like, to each is on, right? So what did the Big Bang come along? Let's start back at the beginning, literally. the Big Bang came along to explain this peculiar expanding universe that Edwin Hubble observed from about eight miles away over there in Mount Wilson above Caltech. He observed galaxies were moving away from each other,

with the exception of two or three, thousands of galaxies all in the universe, only two or three are coming towards us. The rest are red-shifted. They're moving away from us. The implication is the universe expanding. If you run that movie back, all the way back, you get a point when all those galaxies were smushing and being intimate,

okay, they're right up next to each other. That is what we call the Big Bang. But we don't say what came to ignite that Big Bang. That's when the matter that started to expand today began its process of expansion. What caused that to happen? What are our choices? So there's many different choices. For a long time, there was no Big Bang.

Actually, Einstein, also not far from here at Caltech, he believed for many years the universe was static. And you know, he was a damn good scientist, okay? He had this notion that the universe was our galaxy alone, as most scientists did. Nowadays we take it for granted, right? There's billions of galaxies, literally a trillion galaxies. Each one has a billion or a trillion stars, trillions of stars in it, right? And so you get trillions square, just incomprehensible numbers, right? But the question that Einstein said is, well, I look around the galaxy, I see half the stars are coming towards me, half I'm moving away, the galaxies rotating.

That's the universe. That's all there is. So he had to explain that in a theory where gravity, unlike electricity, is only attractive. Gravity only attracts other things. It doesn't repel, like electrostatic forces, opposites attract and light. There's no such thing as repellent gravity, as far as we know. We're open to ideas for that. But this, so he had to stabilize the universe or else he wouldn't be here to ask the question of,

why is the universe exist at all? So he put something in it. He called it the cosmological constant. who was a form of what we now called dark energy and it was meant to stabilize the universe against gravity pulling it all together and smushing us into a black hole basically. So basically there's something keeping us

from being smushed. Exactly. And that anti-smushing force is technically is called. He called that the cosmological constant. And then he was a good enough scientist to recognize when Hubble took him up to the eyepiece of Mount Wilson right here. He looked through the telescope.

He said, you're right. I was wrong. and this cosmological term that I fudge factored, I inserted into my equations against my better angels of my nature, it was actually my biggest blunder. Now, fast forward to 1998, cosmologists, discover. Actually, the universe does have this type of expansive force that's accelerating. And so I always point out that Einstein's biggest blunder was saying it was his blunder.

And I use that with my wife. I say, honey, you know, if I made one mistake, I thought I made a mistake, and then I'm sleeping on the couch. I think you're pretty low, but yeah. I can't help but think of sort of the, you know, the Old Testament kind of concept and also the mystical implications of that. You know, I'm not like, oh, the Old Testament says and therefore it's a science book, but the mystical implications of how do you imagine what nothingness looks like, right? What is before there is, right? And that's sort of like the mystical concept. And what I love is that you're not afraid to talk about some of these parallels. because, you know, we just spoke to Sir Robert Edward Grant, a very, you know, unusual kind of polymath. But his big thing, his overarching thing is like everything repeats everywhere. You can find it everywhere. We're all just mirrors.

Everything is like self and shadow and all this stuff. But I think about it even with this. Like, what are these patterns that we're seeing? So, yeah, if you could kind of help us understand, what could come before and how do we even imagine that? My job is to ask the question and maybe answer it, but certainly ask it, what happened on the Tuesday before the Big Bang? There are certain conceptions where that doesn't make any sense. In fact, Stephen Hawking, the late great Stephen Hawking, said asking what happened before the Big Bang is like asking what's north of the North Pole.

But we all know what's north of Santa. So I always turn around, South Pole. I've been to the South Pole. When you get to the South Pole and you go south of the South Pole, you're going to. north. You know, you're actually, there's nowhere to go but north from the South Pole. So is there a possibility that you could go before time if time came into existence? So not only did the universe, we have to kind of wrap our minds around something, right? Not only did all the matter that would later become us. I can take us on that journey too, but, but for now we stipulate that

we're made of matter that this came specifically from the big bang. It came from the first moments. We're all star dust. Well, star dust is actually, so Carl Sagan made that the case, right? He said, we're all star-dust. So this is a meteorite. One of my many gifts for you guys today is a meteorite. So this is a real meteorite. This is star stuff. The hydrogen is not star stuff.

The hydrogen in your body, in the liquid, whatever that you've drink, the hydrogen is Big Bang stuff. It's even more, you know, mind-blowing than star stuff. This came from a supernova that exploded in our neighborhood in the galaxy about 150 million years before the earth was created. This predates the earth, and it's made of very different materials than the hydrogen in this guy that's made of iron, nickel, cobalt, and I'm going to give you some data sheets on this

and you can share it with people. Amazing. I give away some to your substock. Seriously, I have some for your readers because I love that. I'm a paid subscriber. I love it. Come on, I do my homework. But we're mostly made of Big Bang stuff.

So what happened the Tuesday before the Big Bang is a legitimate question if and only if the universe existed before then, even if time came into existence as we know it. If time came into existence, at some moment, like this is the way I think about it. We're here on a Tuesday. I'm asking the question what happened on Tuesday before the Big Bank. We can keep going back 24-hour periods, right?

We go back 7-24-hour periods last Tuesday. Keep going. You eventually get back 13.8-26 billion years, and that's some day. Maybe it was a Tuesday. Maybe it wasn't. Let's say it was a Wednesday. I want to know what happened the day before. Now, that question doesn't make sense if time came into existence at that moment, right?

A lot of people think of, especially like if you're, you know, with no insult, you're not a you're not like trained in science people think that like time exists and then we got inserted into it and like the calendar was going and it was going and there was a january or whatever there was a tuesday and then we evolved but time only exists because of matter having you get it being stretched yeah so it's like you you can't know what happened before time because there was no time So if there's a relationship between time and temperature, there's a big mystery in science called the hour of time, the mystery of the hour of time, right? The laws of nature seem to be reversible. In other words, if I show you a ticking grandfather clock, a pendulum going back and forth, and I ask you, turn away and now look at it.

Where did it start from? Three weeks ago. You can't possibly know. You can't even tell if you're looking at it in reverse or looking at it in forward. You mean if you take a snapshot? Yeah, if you just look at it, you can't tell. Same with the solar system. If you were upside down looking at the solar system from below.

What's upside down? Yeah. There's no notion of what's right side up or upside down. So the question is, does that apply to time? It applies to space. Does it apply to time? So where do the laws of physics break off from being time, you know, irreversible and time bound to being time irreversible? Like when you mix coffee and cream together, you don't spontaneously see them break apart into two different sets of cream and coffee, right?

So the hour of time, did that have a starting point? Or did it emerge from a preceding universe that sort of sacrificed itself, called? just like the star that became this meteorite, exploded, spewing its guts all over our solar all over our galaxy to birth our solar system. So, too, there could be an appreciating universe that collapsed, exploded, if you will, and became our existing observables. But we can't see that? Well, can we infer that it exists? So in science, we have multiple ways of arriving at some approximation of truth. Don't forget, you know, when we talk about things, I often hear you, you know, talk to people and ask you know, what do you believe in this?

Do you believe that? So I always say, I don't even believe in gravity. I don't believe in evolution. I have evidence for evolution. I have evidence for science. I have evidence in science. I have evidence for gravity. But in science, our job isn't to prove things.

But people confuse us with mathematicians. Mathematician can prove one plus one equals two, despite what my friend Terence Howard thinks. Well, one pile of laundry plus one pile of laundry does not equal two piles of laundry. That's right. Exactly, right? But I say, give you one royalty for your movie. That's right. Exactly. Would you only take one royalty, Terrence? He wouldn't answer me. So to prove one plus one equals two, it's a trivial thing, right?

No, it's not. It actually takes over 200 pages of rigorous mathematical proof, but you can get there. You can actually prove it. It's called piano accents. That's math. Math proofs exist. Physics, there's no such thing as a proof. I cannot prove that the earth is spherical, right?

People write to me all the time. Professor Keating, they say, you know, the earth is flat. I have proof, and I say, people write to me from all around the globe. asking me to prove that the earth is flat. The globe around the... So in reality, we can't prove a physical fact. Actually, the Earth isn't perfectly spherical. It bulges at the equator.

It looks like it. But you can't even get all the coordinate points to define exactly what it is because it's changing. It's dynamic, right? There are no facts in science. But what you can do is you can falsify things. And this is interesting to me

because people always ask me, how do you reconcile being religious and being scientific? So the most important thing about a scientific truth, perhaps, the closest you can come to truth and proof is resistance to being wrong, to resistance to what's called falsification. So I can't prove that the Earth is a perfect sphere, but I can't prove it's not flat. I cannot prove that the sun will always come up in the East, right? Something could

physically happen. It's not outside the laws of physics. The Earth's rotation could switch around and the sun would come up in the way. They're just saying, it's not outside the laws of physics, therefore it cannot be proven. But you could falsify for today it did come up. I mean, you just defined faith. Because when people ask me, especially, like, how can you be a scientist and how can you have faith? And I said, and I say this to my kids, you know, because I have kids at that age, right? Do you believe that the sun will come up tomorrow? And they say, well, yeah, of course.

I said, that's what it feels like. Like, that's what it feels like. The way that you honor that, the way that you commemorate it, the way you pray over it, that's culturally specific. And that depends on your particular DNA and your personality and where you raised and how all the things line up. But it's the same faith. Like to me, it's like, that's why when people are like, how can you be a scientist in a person of faith? How could you not? Well, I'll never criticize, you know, people for having faith or not having faith.

I've talked to the greatest atheist in the world, the greatest agnostics in the world, the greatest, you know, theologically inclined. So I'll never complain. And, you know, you point out, 90% of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States, the most prestigious scientific society in the history of the planet, does not actively proclaim a belief in God. They're either atheist or they're agnostic. And so, look, are they not good scientists? Of course, they're great scientists. Have there been incredible religious scientists throughout history? Of course, they have.

That was the norm, right? Right. And so that to me is not a question, but you hit the nail on their head. To say in Judaism, we use the term amuna. Amuna is a sense and it's where the word amen comes from in English or in Latin. These notions are of, so if I had faith in something, that by definition means it's not subject to scientific scrutiny. Otherwise, I could have proof, right? So I say, and you wouldn't get any credit for it either.

Having faith, okay, I have faith. And, you know, and grow, there's a lot of proof for it. No, I would have to subjugate that sense of my needs to, you know, someone's notion of putting me in a box and saying what I am or am not entitled to believe as a scientist. I'll choose for myself. Thank you very much. Let's go back to the idea of the theory of everything. People are trying to figure out what's happening now.

They're looking for clues and they're looking for like what's going to have. happen in the planet moving forward, right? And a lot of those theories are connected to God. Describe your search for something that unifies everything, even if it has failed, like where Miami-B Alex breakdown is supported by no CD. Have you ever found yourself replaying conversations over and over worried that a friend secretly hates you, or maybe you've spent hours researching some minor ache, even after a doctor said you're fine, but your doubts and fears just won't go away. Distressing unwanted thoughts that get stuck in your mind and make you feel you have to try to solve a problem can actually be a sign of obsessive-compulsive disorder. OCD is nothing like

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whatever. These are not, these shouldn't be controversial things. Unfortunately, a lot of times they are. In my conception, religion and science are like looking at, you know, completely different sides, perhaps at the same coin, but maybe not. We like to say things like, oh, well, you're not good at math, but you're good at music. And, you know, they say that music and math are really, I'm like, yeah, Pythagoras did, you know, four thousand, three thousand years, two thousand years ago, you know, he thought they were the strings in the rhythm of the cosmos. I mean, the guy was, you know, he was also, you know, did a lot of crazy other things, right? Let's not base our kind of notions and hopes

and trying to build up our self-esteem. You're either good, like, I always say, I'm good at math. You're not as good as my Pythagoras. He was pretty good. That's thoroughly, yeah, that's right. But, you know, the closest I come to music is, you know, playing Spotify. My brother, on the other hand, not good at math.

Very good at playing music. So we can be different people and they can be completely unrelated to each other, right? But for my personal approach to it, when I look and think about questions, first of all, I look at what is the purpose of this subject? What is the ontology that we're trying to capitulate, right?

So for religion, in my case, you know, I did have a relatively strange upbringing religiously. I mean, I was born Jewish, two, both Jewish parents. Parents got divorced, as was very, you know, I think you got a certificate to do that in the 1970s when I grew up. So both parents were divorced, both divorced twice. Really good at marriage, really good at divorce. And so I grew up with my stepfather, his name was Keating. My original name was Axe, my biological father, James Axe. And I grew up in an Irish Catholic background, so I had exposure to Irish Catholic doctrine.

I was actually baptized at age nine, converted at age 10, confirmed at age 11, and became an altar boy at age 12. Stop it. Yeah, I love that. I love being an altar boy. It was so unlike the Judaism. You know, I called myself, we were two-day-year Jews before, you know, we'd go to, we'd go to, we'd We'd go to synagogue on Christmas and Easter, you know, two days of year. And we really didn't have any connection to it.

And then I came into Catholicism, and it was like warm and boisterous and loving and passionate. And it could be solemn too. And I just loved that and took to it. And so instead of having a bar mitzvah at age 12, I was an altar boy at the Church of St. John St. Mary. And I just loved it. And I had so much fun with it. Didn't have my bar mitzv until I turned 52, four times 13. And I was able to have my children and my wife at my bar mitzv.

Not too many bar mitzv boys have the children at the bar mitzvah at the Kota, the Western Wall and Israel. But anyway, my upbringing exposure to it took me into explore the doctrines behind Catholicism, Christianity generally. And then I didn't explore Judaism for a long time because I became disillusioned by it, thanks to becoming a know-at-all scientist at age 12. You know, at the same time I got my, was being an altar boy and should have had my bar mitzvah, I got my first telescope. And at that time, it was in the mid-1980s, I, uh,

fell in love with, it was still my current hero in all of science, Galileo. Galileo had provided some of the first empirical evidence-based data that the Earth goes around the sun. It was the first time Copernicus came up with the idea. He was just kind of guessing. I mean, you know, it made sense. It was maybe it was more empirical. But actually, Ptolemaic astronomy, which is the epicycle, Cosmole, made a lot more sense. At that time in 1986, around them, the Catholic Church had not pardoned Galileo for the crime,

which they imprisoned him for the remaining nine years of his life, they imprisoned him for exclaiming and teaching that the earth goes around the sun. His crime was looking up the truth. Yeah. That's what the Indigo girl said. That's right.

So now as a 12 or 13 year old, you know, kind of snot-nosed kid just learning about science and then kind of looking for an excuse not to go to church or not to go to temple, I thought this is horrible. Like, how do you treat people like that? And then wait until you get to Giordano Bruno,

you know, at the stake in 1600 for the heresy of suggesting that stars had planets around them, which, you know, totally off about, you know, guy was, you know, he wasn't ahead of his time by 400 years. So I was like, the Catholic Church is murdering scientists. That's crazy. I don't know if I want to be a part of this anymore. I literally lost my religion, R.A.M. So when that came about, I became an atheist for a long time.

And then I came back to Judaism later, surrounding 9-11 and other things we can talk about later. Actually, the thing that made me leave, you know, Catholicism the most perhaps is, you know, I want to go all the way. Like, whenever I do something, I want to do it the best. I get into science, I want to want to know about it. I got into an altar, but I want to become a priest. But age 13, 14, certain hormones start to kick in, you know, from your sons, right? I realized I couldn't be a priest.

And that probably also put me over the edge, like, I'm not going to do it, right? But getting back to the, what I always like to do, I'm a purest. So I like to look at the pure text. What does text say about the claims? Not what do people say the text does. I used to hate it when rabbis or priests would tell me, this is what you have to believe. and this is the path to truth. And I am the conduit for your faith.

No, I'm a scientist. I'm actually pretty smart. I can figure things out. I can teach myself things if I need to. I may be a monomath. You talk a lot about polymaths in here, but I can be quite good at that. It's not my only skill, perhaps, right?

Is a scholast. I'm a scholar, right? So I looked into the, what are these books saying? Right? So leaving aside, you know, the New Testament, let's go to the Old Testament. What is the Old Testament saying about the Big Bang?

What does it say about science? Why is it, why do people even ask the question? If I saw a book, like a brief history of time, and I read it, I say, there's no tips in improving my long game in golf. Like, this book is, like, you would never say that, right? Because it's not a book about golf, right? It's a book about origin theories of the universe, literally, of time, right? It's wonderful in that domain. Don't try to use it as a parenting manual.

Don't try to use it as a golf, you know, learning golf, right? So what is it actually saying in the Torah about the, not don't tell me. So it actually has, and I've counted these verses, Torah itself, the Old Testament, the Bible, has 35,000, give or take, verses total in all the five books of Moses, right? This is called. About 35 of those 35,000 verses are about the seven days of creation, the first Shabbat, the creation, Canaan and Abel killing each other, Garden of Eden, the expulsion, the snake, all those. That's 35 total verses. And yet it has this enormous impact on humanity, right?

for last all the major It's also first, so it's like what most people get through. Right, exactly, right. I would say I'd kill for 1% of God's big sales. Yeah. It's still relevant today, right? You know, whatever you want to say, it's an old book, right? It's at least 30 centuries old, right?

So when I look at that, I say, what was it trying to do then? And how is it still relevant to today? If it's got 35 verses and there's 35,000 total verse, that's 0.1% of the Torah of the Bible is about creation, cosmology, DNA, right? If you read the history of the NBA, there's about 0.1% of the NBA has been Jewish, right? Monterstodemeyer, a couple other guys.

Now we have the Portland Trailblazers guy from Israel. Right, it's only point one, but there's been tens of thousands of players, right? So you would say, like, this is not a book about, you know, the NBA is not about Jews primarily. I mean, there may be a couple. But let's look at what it's really about, okay? If you want to look at the cosmology in it, the sun, the moon, create on the fourth day. You don't think the rabbis, you know, Moses, or even it was people that wrote it, they didn't know that the sun is what defines the day? Of course they did. So why does it say that the sun was created on the fourth day? Look at the realm, the kingdoms that the Israelites were surrounded by. Israel was surrounded by Egypt, by Babylonia. Those were the world powers. What did they believe? They had the god of the sun. Ra. Ra is the god of the sun in Egypt. And that's one of the defining stories of the Jewish faith, which is the narrative underlying Christianity and Islam as well, right? So this creation story comes to tell us, no, the sun is so unimportant as a God that was created not until the fourth day after herbs and whatever else is going to.

Well, we always used to say, how could you see if the sun wasn't there to give light? Right. Right. So obviously they knew that, right? No one writes a book. It was a purpose for that, that it was to signify it was created. So now, no, it also bothers me when apologeticists. I don't know if you have had on like a true Christian apologist or Jewish apologists. Gerald Schroeder is a very famous one. In the Jewish faith, my friend Stephen C. Meyer, John Lennox, William Lane Craig is perhaps the most famous one. Apologetics is explaining scientific phenomena with the understanding that they're trying to prove the existence of God. So the most common one, the most famous one, traces back thousands of years, actually St. Augustine and others.

It's called the column cosmological argument. So it goes like this. It says everything that we see that was created, was created. It didn't exist and then existed. Kind of like what you're saying before about the Big Bang, right? Except for the universe. For the universe to come into existence at a certain point in time, it needed to have been created. All things that are created have a creator. It may be many chains down. I mean, you can have the same conversation about consciousness. Exactly. It is the same exact conversation. Yeah. Is it fundamental? Was it inserted? Like, where did it come from?

There are sort of like multiple Big Bangs. We think there's one Big Bang. No, no, no. There's many big bangs, right? There's a big bang that we talk about as creation of the universe. That created matter, say, from pure energy. So you had non-material entities created, creating something that was mattered. Actual massive things, you could put it on a scale. Then those things later congealed and made planets, right? And then those planets congealed, and we can talk about all the different theories of biogenesis, right?

And they made life. So life, non-conscious life, basic life came from matter that was not conscious. So consciously emerged in a big bang. Something from nothing. Something from nothing. So I'm fascinated to hear what, yeah, that you were mentioning that exact same line of thinking. This is, you know, a question that we ask a lot of different ways when we talk to people. We ask astrophysicists.

It's at the basis of also the lay people that we speak to who travel two dimensions that we cannot understand. So when people are declared dead and zipped into a body bag for two hours and, some EMT in the back of an ambulance decides, I'm going to see what happens if I unzip and shock, right? That's astounding. And when people come back from those experiences and say, I got to tell you what just happened, right? And it is beyond articulation. And it shares so many threads in common. That's what we're asking. Like, how are we separate? How are you reporting things that happened in a room that your body was locked in? Where is consciousness? Like, where is it? Is it literally this entity that can float around.

Like, I have a very hard time with that. And also, when you speak to, like, you know, any educated hippie who will say there's a plane that I can tap into that many people cannot. And there is information in that plane the same way if you have bad hearing and you can't hear the radio if it's not turned up enough, they don't need it turned up as high, right? Like, and this is this notion we were just talking about the infrasonic range. And I was like, what fuck is that? Turns out it's a thing, and there are people who are more sensitive to sounds under 20 hertz.

Like, this is news to me. I mean, maybe it was taught to me sometime, but I'm thinking, what does that mean for our conscious experience? There are people who are more sensitive, and you can say that literally. You can say it emotionally and conceptually. There is this variation in the human experience, and for some people, they will call it God. They will call it, this is my source. And other people will not. I mean, the thing that I always say is like, I don't really care what you call it.

Like, if you drop something, it's going to drop at 9.18 per seconds. You're like, that's it, you know, and that's kind of what you were talking about. It's not about belief. I don't have to believe in gravity. It just is. You know, and when people say, like, oh, why do bad things happen to good people? I say, well, those are human words that you have human judgment on. You don't know the path of the larger universe.

And the thought that also we would be, I'm not saying I don't have a God that cares, but those are also human concepts. Like we're just anthropomorphizing the hell out of God, right? Like that's literally, that's what we do because we're meaning makers. And that's what our brain will do. I see a pattern. I see it. It's clicking together.

It's going to make sense. I'm going to make it make sense. And then you become a fanatic and you try and make other people believe in your God. And like, that's also insane. This also ties back to the notion of the theory of everything because there are elements that seem to be still, we're not able to describe them, we're not able to understand them. There are phenomenon like the people who have claimed to have near-death experiences. Well, even dark matter, dark energy. Like, where does it go?

All that, all of that stuff that's in the universe that we don't understand what it is or where it came from. Like, it seems to be still, we're not able to yet to pull together a theory of everything. How do you reconcile, not your proof in God, but your faith and your personal experience, outside of religion. Can you speak to that? Do you have a sister? Because I'm starting to think, like, I need a co-host on my podcast.

Because you're very good at, like, bring us back. Like, I have this, like, you know, very volatile short-term memory, and I'm like, I know he asked me about the theory of everything a couple hours ago. A couple hours ago. You know, that's, you know, time flies when you're having fun, right?

So thank you very much. He does have a sister. She's not as good as I am. She's not as quick as him. She takes some time. She has other skills. So, yeah, so to me there's, you know, first of all, we have to think about like this notion of belief, like I said. In addition to not looking for things I believe in as a scientist, I also feel like just as a, in common sense, like, is God sitting around like, wait, I hope Brian believes in me today?

Like, this would make my day. Oh, boy, my CV. No, it's, that's, it's, I'm totally inconsequential on one hand. On the other hand, we're supposed to have these two different pockets, right? There's a great Talmudic sage who said, his name was Shlomo de Barditsha of Polish, like some Ukrainian name. I am can pronounce, but I can't pronounce, right? And he said, a man should have two pockets. And in each one, he should have a note.

In one hand, in one pocket, he should have a note that says, the whole world was created for me. And the other hand, when he feels too haughty, too cocky, he looks maxing too much. He should pull it out and say, I am nothing but dust and ashes. So I should have these two, like, opposing forces, and it's very difficult for the human mind. As you said, the human mind likes to create patterns to draw extrapolations, to do induction, you know, scientific method, inductive version, deductive version. And we love to induce patterns because that helps us survive, right? You see the squiggle on the ground. Is it a snake or is it a stick?

You know, it's not going to keep you alive. He thinks every stick is a snake. I don't like snakes. He's very tuned in. By the way, what's brown and sticky? A stick. Okay. That's a dad joke.

Courtesy my son. Okay, this is... Pretty good. Pretty good. I like a dad joke. We're going to hit pause here. There's so much more in part two of our conversation with Dr. Brian Keating. We're going to talk about religion. Can God's existence be subjected to scientific tests? He's also going to talk about the near-death experience that Alfred Nobel had. It's an unbelievable story that spawns the creation of the Nobel Prize.

What does it look like to search for extraterrestrial life? Are we in a simulation? And how does he explain the recent deaths and disappearances of significant U.S. scientists linked to nuclear research and aerospace programs? We cannot wait for you to hear part two of our conversation with Dr. Brian Keating. It's MyN. Biolix Breakdown. She's going to break it down for you. She's got a neuroscience Ph.D. or two. One fiction. And now she's going to break down. It's a breakdown. She's going to break it down. MindBialx Breakdown is supported by Elastique, where science meets style in wearable wellness. Elastique athletics is designed for daily life, travel ready, workout optional, and beauty enhancing. Elastique fits into your routine with zero extra effort.

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