Motley Fool Money - Does Spotify Have A Moat?

Episode Date: August 17, 2022

Big Retail Earnings Week continues with the latest results from Target and Lowe's. (0:21) Asit Sharma discusses: - Target's 2nd-quarter profit falling nearly 90% compared to last year - Silver linings within Target's results - Lowe's posting a quintessential "mixed" quarter - CEO Marvin Ellison's steady leadership (11:05) Does Spotify have a moat against Apple? Travis Hoium joins Ricky Mulvey for a "medium dive" on the streaming audio business. Our annual investing conference is free for Motley Fool members and just 12 days away! For more details go to http://Fool.com/FoolFest. Stocks mentioned: TGT, LOW, SPOT, AAPL, AMZN Host: Chris Hill Guest: Asit Sharma, Travis Hoium Producer: Ricky Mulvey Engineer: Dan Boyd Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode is brought to you by Colagard. Do you know what's really scary? Not screening for colon cancer when you turn 45. The Colagard test is non-invasive, requires no special prep or time off work, and ships right to your door. In just three simple steps, Colagard takes the scare out of colon cancer screening.

If you're 45 or older and at average risk, ask your health care provider about the Coligard test. Colagard is available by prescription only. Learn more or request a prescription today at colagard.com slash screen. We've got more retail earnings and a closer look at Spotify. Motley Fool Money starts now. I'm Chris Hill, joining me today, Motley Fool Senior analyst, Asa Sharma. Good to see you.

Chris, good to see you. It's been a little while. Yeah, you know, I took some time off. And I think you did too. So it's good. We're both refreshed. Yes, batteries recharge. Let's continue with the theme of the week, which is retail.

And anyone who claims to be surprised by Target's second quarter results probably hasn't been paying attention the last couple of months. Profit was down nearly 90 percent year over year, as Target cleared out inventory. The inventory level is still pretty high, but CEO Brian Cornell says it's a much better mix of inventory. I don't know. I said, you know, we talk all the time about taking the long-term view. It seems like that is exactly what Cornel.

is doing. When you see what they did with clearing out their inventory, taking the short-term hit, he's very clear-eyed about what they are trying to pull off here. I agree, Chris. I mean, this was sort of like a rip-theid off quarter. Let's go ahead and take the hit now. Although, for those of you who have had, you know, very small dermatological procedures and ripped off a band-aid only to see, this mole looks about the same as it did before. They They were going to take it out. That's what we saw on the balance sheet, right? The inventory balance didn't really change that much from the last three months. But as you mentioned, the company is shifting out of some of those goods we were buying during the pandemic, like electronics.

Instead, they are piling into food, which is a great attractor for foot traffic. Their costs are going up. So even as they were foregoing some future revenue and frankly, promotionally discounting, some longer term goods. They're paying more at the unit level for groceries. Hey, we are too. We are. And shares of Target are down a little bit today, not that much. I'm trying to get my head around, like what a reasonable expectation is for shareholders, because I agree with you. I'm one of those target shareholders. I agree with you. I would have liked to see the inventory level come down a little bit more. But I feel like they made progress. progress, and this sets the stage for their third quarter earnings report, which will get

in three months, where hopefully they build on what they've done over the last three months. I mean, if you're looking for some silver linings, comps were still in positive territory. They weren't all that impressive, but up about two and a half percent. Food and beverage was the strongest category. And those Alta beauty shops seem to be doing well within the target. Yeah, I mean, this is what you want to see as a shareholder. You want to see continued innovation. You know, as you mentioned, they had some nice metrics in the report. I think digital sales, comp sales were up just over a percent. What you want to have out of your management team is an ability to recognize reality.

And they're sending us a message that, look, back to basics is the best course that we can take. We have to just acknowledge that in an uncertain environment where most of the pandemic is in the rearview mirror, but the consumer still doesn't know how he or she is going to utilize that discretionary income in the face of inflation, maybe uncertainty on the wage level. Our best tack as target is to pile into the categories that pre-pandemic, we're providing that constant foot traffic, store traffic. That's how you, build on a comp base. After that, yes, the little nudges innovations certainly help, and you emerge as a stronger company out of this. Now, we just don't want to hear management flip-flop, let's say in a year, and say, hey, we're reversing gear. We're taking a hit on inventory.

We've shifted back into bicycles, stereos, the soundbars, etc. And this silver lining for us as consumers, check out your local target. I mean, it really seems like They are still, you know, I said this when Cornell came out a couple of months ago, and the stock took that huge drop. And at the time, I was like, hey, if you're looking for patio furniture, if you're looking for large appliances, check out your local target. And it seems like, particularly in the season of back-to-school shopping, you're probably going to find some good deals there as well.

Let's move on to Lowe's. The second quarter was sort of the quintessential definition of a mixed quarter. On the downside, revenue was lower than expected. Same store sales fell just a tiny bit. On the plus side, their profits held up. And just like we saw yesterday with Home Depot, the average ticket at Lowe's was up 6.5 percent, again, similar to Home Depot. That was driven largely by inflation. Yeah. So a little boost on the top line, as you note, from macro pressures. I really admire though, what CEO Marvin Ellison has been able to achieve in a few years since he's taken over the helm, they really are getting more productive on that operating margin line.

They're watching their cost, both in terms of cost of sales and their fixed overhead. Lowe's despite a pretty flattish top line was able to eke out a very small improvement on its operating margin, so that was pleasant to see. Of course, they called that out, as well, they should. The other thing, which is really interesting, is this mix of sales. So in the do-it-yourself, shoppers are sort of dropping off, but the pro sales, the contractors who are builders, that business increased by double digits. So it offset a little bit of that consumer weakness.

And I found it interesting. Management sort of tried to explain to investors in the conference call. Investors really shouldn't be worried too much about the fact that the housing market is slowing down. They called out the dynamics which push Lowes sales forward. Chiefly, almost quoting verbatim from the transcript here, at Lowe's, the three highest correlating factors of home improvement demand are home price appreciation, the age of the housing stock, and disposable personal income. They went on to point out that more than half the homes in the U.S. are over 40 years old. I think mine's probably approaching that. Maybe it's, I don't know, 25 years old. Millions more at the

peak of the housing boom, are turning that magic 20 years old, where you start to have to invest in your house. And they also pointed out that consumer savings are about 2.6 trillion bucks higher than they were before the pandemic. So the long-term factors, which are good for shareholders of do-it-yourself businesses like lows and Home Depot, those aren't changing, despite the fact that you see this housing market really slowing down. And prices starting to come off those searing highs we saw earlier this year. Yeah, we've definitely seen data over the last few weeks out of housing, whether it's houses for sale being on the market, longer bidding wars, starting to taper down, all that sort

of thing. You mentioned Marvin Ellison. He is as steady a hand on the wheel of this company as any CEO out there. It's just great to see. On yesterday show, I said that you look at Walmart and Home Depot and what they did yesterday, fairly or unfairly, they raised the bar of expectations for Target and Lowe's. I think if you're a Target or Lowe shareholder, there's nothing really to feel bad about. There's nothing to throw a party about either, but I think that in the case of Target, they showed

improvement and it sets the stage for hopefully more improvement in the next three months. Cornell's being very transparent about what they're trying to do there. In the case of lows, yeah, the numbers weren't quite as good as Home Depot, but I feel like there was a lot to like there, including the fact that Ellison is very steady as she goes. It's one of the things I like about him as a CEO. He just, he doesn't get too high or too low, no matter how good or how challenging the results are. Yeah, I think Ellison, speaking of home improvement, is like that.

neighbor that you have who quietly goes about his or her business and gradually improves the exterior of their house and the lawn. And you start to envy that, at least people like me who are very bad with do-it-yourself stuff too. So I think this is a really nice point about both CEOs and both companies. I mean, these are disciplined businesses. They both shoot for very steady operating margin. And the world has thrown a huge amount of crap into their business models, Chris, over the

last 36 months. So, to be able to have fairly predictable results with the occasional big adjustment, as we saw in Target's inventory this quarter, is not a bad deal at all for long-term shareholders. I should point out, both of these are highly generative cash businesses. They do right by shareholders with their capital allocation. Outfit Sharmer. Always great talking to you. Thanks for being here. Always fun to be here, Chris. Thanks so much. Quick reminder about Fool Fest, our annual investment. conference in Washington, D.C. It's a two-day event, August 29th and 30th. We've got breakout

sessions on different investing strategies. We've got an awesome lineup of speakers, including TREC CEO, Brian Fairbanks, venture capitalist Jenny Abramson, Motley Fool co-founder, David Gardner, best-selling author Morgan Housel, just to name a few. It is free for Motley Fool members, so if you're not yet a member, just sign up for our Stock Advisor service and you get a complimentary digital pass to this two-day event. Go to fool.com slash foolfest for more details. That's fool.com slash foolfest. I will put the URL in the show notes. Up next, Travis Holm and Ricky Mulvey go for a medium dive on Spotify, including whether or not Spotify has a moat against Apple. You probably know Spotify. You might even be listening to the show on Spotify right now.

Joining us now for a medium dive on the music streaming and digital media company is Motley Full contributor, Travis Hoyum. Thanks for being here. Thanks for having me, Rie. All right, easy question to start off. Why is Spotify an interesting company to you as an investor? It's the only company that's really focused on your ears as a business. We're started with music, but now they're really moving into podcasts, audiobooks. I think that could potentially be a really big market.

Think of it as replacing radio, if you will. and pulling some of the successful business models that have been proven with advertising with companies like Facebook and Alphabet or Google. I think that's a really compelling market. And as an investor, I think there's still a lot of upside. They've got a premium model. They also sell ad space a little bit into how the business model works. Well, it really started with music. So there are four major record labels that they have to deal with on the music side of things.

That really limits what they can do in monetizing the business. music business, but like you said, they're able to offer subscriptions and then advertisements, and they share with that revenue with those record labels. So think about that as you have a small number of suppliers. As a result, those suppliers have a lot of bargaining power. That really squeezes their margins. That's why Spotify's been in kind of this 20 to 30 percent margin range. But now they've moved into the non-music business, really trying to ramp up their advertising

business. So think about this as like dynamic ads as you're listening to a podcast. Maybe you get some of those as you're listening to Spotify or if you're listening to it right now. And that has a lot more upside from an investment standpoint because it potentially has higher margins and also maybe even a bigger market. Looking at the premium subscriber base, the company has about more than 400 million people on the platform. Something that caught my attention is that Spotify has about 182 million premium subscribers and 240 million free users. So I look at that night a few questions because, A, it could mean they have an incredibly high conversion rate, but also B, the concern that I might have is that that might

mean the company has hit a growth ceiling and that a lot of the leads have already become premium users. Well, to put that number into perspective, Facebook has about 2 billion users, and Spotify has a huge international business, so I'm not too concerned about them being in a saturation point in the market, but definitely something. to keep an eye on, you know, this is something that they report every quarter, but the active monthly users were up 19% year over year last quarter. That's a pretty solid growth rate. Any company that's growing double digits long term is really the kind of investment you want to be

as a growth investor. So I'm not something, I'm not worried about them hitting a wall at this point, but obviously one of those numbers that you want to keep an eye on, you know, from a year to year basis. Something that also, Dylan Lewis brought this up, is that the company doesn't seem to have a lot of pricing power. So Spotify, Premium, and Apple Music are both set at $10 a month. Do you think they have more pricing power when it comes to the advertisements and owning that sort of earspace? And that's where investors should focus for growth. Yeah, ultimately, that's really where the upside is in the business. Think about this a little bit like being in the same business that Google is or that Facebook is.

where you don't have just a small number of suppliers like you have in the music business. Now you have thousands, potentially hundreds of thousands of podcasts who are coming to you to try to monetize their podcasts. You're able to match them with advertisers. Well, margins typically go up in that scenario. So margins of 60 to 80% long term in the ad business is really where we see companies like this being. So long term, that's really what I'm looking at for Spotify is. Can they push not only growth on the revenue side, but push up the gross margin number on the advertising business?

That's where we could see profitability really jump. We're a long way from there. Spotify is relatively new in the advertising business. They only had $360 million in ad revenue last year, but growing 31%. If you keep a 31% growth rate, you double every two and a half years. So, you know, this could be a really big business by the end of the decade. Spotify is also spending a ton of money on exclusive content, thinking about Jack Shepard, Joe Rogan.

They have a partnership with DC Comics. What is their approach to exclusive content? And how is that different from something like a Netflix? So there's some similarities with Netflix. They are doing licensing deals. They're also buying some companies like The Ringer. When you buy a company, you own all of that content. And so you're able to monetize it long term.

obviously costs associated with ongoing podcasts. So it's a little bit different business model from Netflix from that perspective. But the licensing side is very similar. You know, Joe Rogan is a great example. They just write him a big check. And then it's Spotify's responsibility to monetize that on the back end. So very similar there. What I think is unique with Spotify is this advertising side of the business where they have content coming to them that they don't have to pay for up front. and they're able to monetize that with their advertisers and match users who are paying for those ads. So that's a little bit more like YouTube. And that just gives a lot more potential upside because there's no limit to the amount of supply that there's available.

Companies led by founder leader Daniel Eck, sure he's made some expensive content plays, but we also like some founder-led companies. What's your take on him as a CEO? I really like what he's doing with this business. And I don't know that anybody else could have the same vision and take a big swing at podcasting at audiobooks the way that Daniel Eck is. He also sees that there's just a limit in how profitable and how big this company could be focusing on music. So you got to expand that business. If you're looking at owning the ear, the next place is podcasts and audiobooks.

I think they have the right vision. Now executing it is going to be a bit of a challenge because the ad space is very challenging. naturally, but if they can continue to scale the business, I think there's a lot of upside for investors. Exclusive podcasts also seem to be, in my mind, a challenging strategy because unlike the streaming wars, your competitors are offering a free product with Apple and, let's see, even pocketcasts, those sorts of things. Yeah, and the idea with exclusives is really to make Spotify a go-to location for podcasting.

I mean, I think I'm a perfect example of this. I use and started using Apple Podcasts, and I continue going back to the Spotify app because they have podcasts that I listen to that are only available on Spotify. So, you know, it is a draw. It is a way to build a marketplace. And there is a huge upfront cost with that. Now, long term, I don't think that having a lot of exclusives on this platform is really the way to go.

If you think about this a little bit like YouTube, YouTube doesn't have many exclusive pieces of content. And they just want to be the go-to place for both viewers and content producers. And that's what Spotify is trying to do. But instead of for video, they're trying to do it for audio. Before I ask you about their moats, anything stand out to you about Spotify's balance sheet? They've had some, let's call it, wavering profitability, particularly around the net income area. Yeah, net income isn't something I'm super concerned about because they do have a lot of costs related to building out the, both the technology stack.

on the ad side, but then also this exclusive content that we've talked about. One thing I am watching is free cash flow. And they have been free cash flow positive in 2022. So that is a positive thing to look at. As long as they can keep growing the business and stay positive on the free cash flow front, I think the balance sheet isn't something I'm really worried about. And you've got competitors like Apple and Amazon. Those are mighty competitors at that.

Do you think Spotify ultimately has a mode? against them. And if Apple and Amazon aren't Spotify's biggest risk, what do you think is? The great thing about having Apple and Amazon as competitors is they're trying to do a lot of things. And Spotify is focused on the owning your ears. And so I think that's where they're really able to differentiate themselves. They're also able to distribute their content almost anywhere. So they don't care if you listen on an iPhone or an Alexa speaker or in a car, whereas Apple and Amazon do care about those things. So they're playing a little bit different game, and I think that's what we need to focus on from a strategic standpoint, is that Amazon and Apple just aren't going to be able to compete in the same way that Spotify is.

The biggest risk is simply that there isn't enough demand for advertising or for listening to podcasts and basically non-music content. And so, you know, is there a cap on how much time we spend listening to podcasts long term? I don't know the answer to that. I'm very bullish, but I've been listening to podcasts for over a decade at this point. So maybe I'm not the right target market. I continue to look at what they report from listener numbers and then the amount of content that they're putting on the platform, which is in their quarterly report. And it continues to grow.

So it seems like the momentum is there. Add revenue is growing at a really rapid rate. So as long as the momentum continues and the flywheel effect keeps growing, I think they're in a really good position. But that would be the limiting factor. Yeah, full disclosure, I own shares in Spotify. Travis, do you? Yes, I do. All right.

So last question. I know you're not into the Spotify playlist. What's your favorite podcast on there that is not the one you're currently on? You know, I listen to the ringers basically full suite of podcasts. But I keep going back to Bill Simmons podcast. He is the OG in podcasting. I've been listening to him ever since you had to listen on a web browser. So we go back a long ways, and I just can't quit that podcast.

Travis Hohia. Thank you for your time. Thanks for having me. As always, people on the program may have interest in the stocks they talk about, and the Motley Fool may have formal recommendations for or against so that don't buy or sell stocks based solely on what you hear. I'm Chris Hill. Thanks for listening. We'll see you tomorrow.