Motley Fool Money - Mistakes? We've Made A Few

Episode Date: September 27, 2022

When you don't get what you want, you get experience. (0:21) Asit Sharma discusses: - The S&P 500 hitting a new low for the year - Seeking out companies with "fortress balance sheets" - Whether Mullen Automotive is a meme stock - Learning from mistakes and staying in the game (11:00) Economists and personal finance authors have very different opinions on topics like savings and investing. Alison Southwick and Robert Brokamp break down the differences and share their own thoughts. Got questions about stocks? Call the Motley Fool Money Hotline at 703-254-1445! Stocks discussed: MULN, UA Host: Chris Hill Guests: Jason Moser, Brian Stoffel, Jamie Louko Producer: Ricky Mulvey Engineers: Rick Engdahl, Tim Sparks Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Motley Fool money starts now. I'm Chris Lel joining me today, Motley Fool senior analyst Asa Sharma. Thanks for being here. Chris, thank you for having me. It was looking pretty good for a few minutes this morning right after the market opened. And everything was in the green. And here we are just a few hours later. And the headline is the S&P 500 hitting a new low for the year.

year down just about 25% from its high for the year. And you and I were chatting right before we started recording. I'll return to a theme I've been hitting recently, which is that pessimism just seems to, I don't want to say it's at an all-time high because I don't have that level of perspective, but boy, pessimism really is running high right now. Pessimism is through the roof. It's a contrary indicator for many investors, times of maximum pessimism, often tend to be good times to invest. If you stretch your time horizon out, it's so funny, Chris, what you mentioned about that few minutes where it looked good. In this day and age, that's all you get. So I live in the moment. If I see some green, yeah, I celebrate a little bit because you know, you come back to your chair

after a cup of coffee. It's going to be in the red. But yeah, yeah, it's a tough market. And we've got so many factors that have been pushing the market down. And we've got some new ones on top of that. I mean, just over the last two weeks, I was looking at the strength of the US dollar. It's gained about 6% on the euro. Just in the last two weeks, that's a huge move for currency. The green back is so strong at this point that it's worrying lots of people who follow the market because so many of our biggest and baddest companies have sales. all around the world. So, every time the dollar creeps up, it affects their sales, pushes down that top line in foreign currency translation, which means that someone somewhere is calculating

what the S&P 500 earnings are going to look like as a group next quarter, which breeds further pessimism. So we've got to never ending supply of factors pushing down the market. But at some point, Asit, and look, there's a tendency to look at the market writ large, at large and if you want to look at large categories of stocks, a lot of oxygen has been expended on growth stocks as a category. We've heard the refrain over and over that even though some of these stocks have been cut in half, they're still not technically all that cheap. And yet you look at some of the biggest companies out there and they're kind of getting to

that price point where it's like, if you're going to sell me Apple, you're going to sell at this price or Microsoft or Alphabet at its current price. At some part, some of these big tech companies start to look even more attractive. That's very true. The smaller companies, and I invest them. I've been investing in them. You can calculate what their cash flows will look like over the next few years and see if they've got some insulation from inflation, higher interest rates, etc.

These biggest companies that have been pushing the market forward for several years, it's a small group, the usual suspects that have some ungodly percentage of the total S&P 500 in any given year 10 to 20% among big tech. These are the companies that have fortress balance sheets, so they're going to be okay no matter what. And the worst case scenario, they just redirect their investments into a new space next year. They've got the wherewithal to cope with just about any scenario. So it behooves us as investors not to try to be precision experts here. I tend to follow my gut when it comes to these big picture questions. Should I buy an Apple or an Amazon or Google or maybe a Netflix, which has suffered a little more and has less of a fortress balance sheet?

But you get the picture. Should I buy that stock now? After a while, your gut becomes a louder and louder voice in your decision making. You still bring a little bit of number crunching to the equation, but I think for investors who have capital and are looking for high quality ideas to be repetitive here, to I think a good degree, it's not a bad time to put some money to work. Our email address is Podcasts at Fool.com. I got a question from Lisa who writes, I know not much about investing.

So my wife and I selected one stock we heard about and thought would learn from doing this. We didn't invest money that we could not afford to lose. We've resolved to hold on for the long term and not be emotional investors, but I have to admit to being a bit horrified at the stock's lack of performance. Even in this disappointing market, it is currently at 37 cents. The stock is Mullen Automotive. My wife had been seeing it mentioned a lot on Twitter, so we began looking into it. Did we fall for a silly investment?

is Mullin considered a meme stock? Thank you for the question. Sorry for the experience, although I'm reminded of one of my favorite quotes, which is when we don't get what we want, we get experience. I had never heard of Mullen Automotive, Aosid. I literally went on to Google and just typed in, Is Mullen Automotive a meme stock?

I don't know that it necessarily is, although it is a penny stock. and has been for a while now. What do you think in terms of this question? It's a great question, and I sort of side with you on what experience can teach us. All of us come at investing from different paths. I actually started out in my investing journey with doing some trading and lost some money really quickly. Hearing about a stock on Twitter when you're new to investing might be a

the first entry that you have into understanding how to invest, how to research stocks, how to learn about them. I didn't know anything about Mullen Automotive. I don't know either if it's a meme stock or not, but it has an interesting characteristic and that it seems to have little or no revenue. And this reminds me of a great lesson from Peter Lynch. So, you can Google this. Peter Lynch has a wonderful speech in which he talks about the 10 investing myths that an investor should be conversant with. And we can go to you. And we can go to One of the last ones is about falling for long shots. And he says that in his career, he has identified numerous stocks that made money that he thought

had very little potential. He knew they were mispriced and had solid prospects. And they turned out to be multi-baggers over time. He'd sort of look around and see that several of his stock picks were suddenly doing quite well. And he talked about his track record with what he calls long shots. He says, I've never made money on a long shot. Now here's the distinction.

Peter Lynch defines a long shot as a company. They used to call them whisper stocks, he says, that doesn't have any revenue. It's got a lot of sizzle and a lot of excitement. Twitter seems like the perfect place to drum up excitement about a stock that might not have solid revenues on the ground. But he says that those have been his worst, you know, some of his worst. investing mistakes. So this is one thing we can all learn from when someone presents you with an idea around a company that doesn't yet have any kind of appreciable revenue. Be very careful.

It doesn't mean that you can't make money on that, but those opportunities are few and very far between. So that's one thing we can learn. The second is, you know, this reader is doing some things right. I mean, they didn't invest any money that they could afford to lose. They resolve to hold for the long term. I would say that works when you're holding onto, you know, quality stocks or companies that have very solid financials. But, you know, you've got two out of three things that are pretty decent right here. Maybe if you'd been able to find a stock which had some better forward prospects, you wouldn't be, I guess, horrified, is the term that the reader wrote. All sympathy with that, but to say, look, I've been there before. You know, this was my

experience too. I just had a disastrous beginning of my investing career, but it motivated me to learn some more. And I hope it does the same for these two. What do you think, Chris? No, I agree with that. And it's, you know, obviously everyone should manage their money, how they want to manage their money. But I was telling someone earlier this week about why I continue to hold my shares of Under Armour, which is the biggest loser in my portion. portfolio. It's because it's a tiny fraction of my portfolio. So in that sense, the money itself is not really consequential. And what's of greater value to me is the lessons I learned in buying Under Armour in the first place, the mistakes I made. So that's, you know,

maybe Mullen Automotive could be the same for these funds. folks, where it's just like, you know, and again, if you need the money, you want to do some tax loss, harvesting, that sort of thing. Great. By all means, do that. But in my own personal life, I find it helpful to just have that little reminder in my portfolio so that every time I look at my portfolio, it's like, you know, on great days, my head doesn't get too big. And I've always got that reminder of the mistakes I made. Yeah, I think that's a great point. And we should say, neither of us have really researched the company. So maybe it will return as an investment. Peter Lynch says, look, the odds are sort of against it in a case like this. I did look at the stock chart. I think it's fallen from 10 or 12 bucks all the way down to this 37 cents in a short amount of time.

But on the other hand, if you can remove any of the new emotional baggage and not let that be baggage that sticks around, this could be the beginning of a great journey. Another great thing I will say this person is doing is listening to Chris Hill on a regular basis and getting some great education about stocks. So yeah, for sure. Look for strong businesses, businesses that you understand. Take some time before you buy those companies just to make sure you're comfortable with a basic investment thesis. You don't have to be a financial whiz to do that.

Many times we do that right here at the Motley Fool for you if you're a subscriber to our services. spread that love around. We always say hold at least 25 stocks, if you can, over a period of at least five years. And if you use a fractional share broker, then you can even put a small amount of money to work and just spread it across 25 stocks. So, yeah, keep going. Don't let this be the last investment. We're rooting for you. And again, as we said at the beginning of this show, it's not a bad time to put some money to work. Keep the emails coming. podcast at Fool.com or you can call the Motley Fool Money Hotline [phone]. That's 703-254-1445. Leave us a question on the voicemail. Asa Charma, always great talking to you. Thanks for being here.

Thanks so much, Chris. Always a pleasure. When it comes to questions like, how much should you save? When should you invest in the stock market? It turns out that economists and personal finance authors have very different answers. Allison Southwick and Robert Brokamp Breakdown the differences. Into the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there are almost 16,000 economists in America, teaching classes, analyzing data, publishing studies,

and trying to explain the distribution and consumption of wealth. But when it comes to where Americans go to learn about money, do they turn to economists? Not so much. Take a look at any list of the most popular personal finance books, and few, if any, will have been written. by an economist. So you might wonder, is the advice offered by the typical personal finance guru better? Or should more Americans be looking to the ivory tower for guidance? Well, we won't be able

to settle that debate in this episode, but we do have some thoughts. Indeed, we do, but we weren't the first people to have these thoughts because, in fact, the idea for this segment comes from a recently published academic paper entitled Popular Personal Finance Advice versus the Professors. It was written by Dr. James Choi, who is a professor. He's a professor of finance at Yale. And here's what Dr. Choi did. So he read through the 50 most popular personal finance books as ranked by Goodreads.com as of 2019 and compared the advice offered in those books to what is generally recommended by academic economic theory. So obviously this required a good bit of simplification. Not all personal finance authors agree on everything and neither do

all economists, but we chose five financial questions that are addressed in Dr. Troy's paper, and we weigh in on whether we think the writers or the economists are offering the best answers. All right. So the first contentious question is, how much should a household be saving? Bro, what did the economists have to say about this? Well, in the world of economics, the foundational theory that explains spending and saving is called the life cycle hypothesis, and it's been around since around the 1950s. So the basic idea is that people want a relatively consistent cost of living. They don't want their expenses and thus their lifestyle to go significantly up or down from year to year or even over the course of their lives.

So when you're young and you don't have much money, don't even bother trying to save for the future. In fact, feel free to take on some debt because you know higher earning years are ahead of you. But then as your income rises, you pay off the debt and you grab. gradually increase your savings rate, but you actually have to do that. You can't use the raises to increase the cost of your lifestyle. Eventually, you have enough saved so that you can maintain your lifestyle without working, which of course is known as retirement. All right. So then what do the personal finance authors have to say? They say start saving as soon as possible and don't deviate. Always be saving. And they'll often

roll out illustrations showing that someone who started saving at age 25, and stopped at age 35, would have just about the same amount in retirement as someone who waited until age 35 to start saving and save for the next 30 years. That's the power of compound interest in starting early. All right, bro. Where do you come down on this question? Well, I have to come down on the side of the personal finance authors for this one. Though, in full recognition, that it can be difficult to save when you're just starting out, right? You might have school loans, trying to buy a house, start a family, pay for child care. But the benefits of investing even small amounts that have decades to grow, they're just too good to pass up. Plus, many studies

have found that people actually retire sooner than they expect. So it's better to save while you can because you just don't know how long your career is going to be. All right. The next question of contention is, what should you do with your money in retirement? All right, let's start with the economist. What do they have to say is the best path to take? So, part of that whole life cycle hypothesis is that you build up your savings while you're working, but then when you retire, you actually spend down your assets as you age rather than trying to maintain your net worth. And the best way to invest your money in retirement, according to economists, is to put most or maybe all of your wealth into an immediate annuity, which

provides a lifetime of guaranteed income. It's sort of like creating your own pension. All right. What did the personal finance authors have to say? Well, you're not going to find too many of them who love annuities, even these plain vanilla annuities that provide lifetime income. Instead, most will recommend that you just keep investing in cash bonds and stocks like you did while you were working, but you choose a historically safe withdrawal rate. And not surprisingly, 4% was the rate most recommended by the books that Dr. Choi surveyed in his study. All right, bro. What do you think? I say it's a tie. Although, if I had to choose a side, I'd guess I'd go with the authors. So, you know, if you're listening to

this podcast, you're likely comfortable with investing and dealing with the ups and downs and uncertainty of living off a portfolio. But studies do indicate that middle to higher wealth retirees could spend more than they do, but they're hesitant, perhaps because of the uncertainty of those portfolio returns. In other words, they're not spending down their assets and perhaps not enjoying themselves as much as they could. So one way to alleviate that uncertainty is to buy an annuity. And I do think immediate income annuities make a lot of sense for a portion of the bond side of your portfolio in retirement. And with interest rates higher nowadays, payouts are higher.

So depending on your age and gender, you could get $7,000 to $8,000 a year from investing $100,000 into a single premium immediate annuity. And as confirmed by a recent study by David Blanchett and Michael Finca, retirees with higher levels of lifelong guaranteed income are more comfortable spending their money. All right. It's time to move on to our third contentious question, which is, Which debts should you pay down first? What did the economists say? Well, this one's pretty straightforward. The economists say basically start by eliminating the debt,

eliminating the debt with the highest interest rate, and then you move on to the debt with the next highest interest rate, and so on. I guess the math just works out there. Exactly. All right. So then what do the personal finance writers say? Well, some, not all, but some suggest that you should instead eliminate the debt with the smallest balance first. and this has come to be known as the debt snowball method. And once you pay off that balance, that sense of sort of accomplishment you feel by eliminating that debt kind of inspire you to continue making progress and eliminate the rest of your debt. All right, bro. What do you think?

Well, as you said, the math is clear with the economists here. It just makes more sense to pay off a debt charging 20% interest rate before paying off a debt charging 10 to 15%. However, I mean, you do have to know yourself, right? So if eliminating the smaller debt will be more motivating for you, then that's the route to take. And in fact, some studies have found that people who file this debt snowball method have been successful. Oh, wait.

Who conducted those studies? Was it economists? That's the thing about all these studies. All the studies are done by the economist, but yes. All right. Question number four, how much should you invest in the stock market? What do the economists have to say? Well, so unlike what some might think is the conventional wisdom, some economists believe that the

stock market actually gets riskier, the longer your time frame. That's because they think of risk more in terms of predictability than year-to-year volatility. So think of it this way. Let's say you have a sum of money and you want to invest it for a retirement that is 30 years away. If you invest it in the stock market, how much will it be worth in 30 years? The answer is, who knows? It's impossible to predict, right? You can use historical returns. and run some calculations, but there's no guarantee the future will look like the past. However, if you invest that money in a 30-year treasury bond, you'll know exactly how much interest you'll receive each year and how much the bond will be worth in 30 years. So in that way, the bond is much

less risky. So, I would say, just very generally speaking, I would say that economists tend to lean toward more conservative asset allocations. That said, they still generally believe that younger workers should be mostly in stocks. But that's because they factor in human capital, which is your ability to earn an income. And when you're young, your human capital is like an enormous bond that is going to pay instead of interest payments for years. It's going to pay pay paychecks for years. And because you're essentially a big bond, that allows you to take more risk with your portfolio. However, as you get older, you kind of use up that human capital. You're essentially spending down your bond. So you should gradually play it safer with your portfolio.

All right. What do the personal finance writers have to say? So, these folks will point out that the longer your timeframe, the greater the chances are that an investment in the stock market will be profitable and outperform cash and bonds. So they're more likely to say, the longer your time frame, the less risky stocks are. So most suggest some kind of bucketing strategy. You play it super safe with money you need in the next few years. You maybe take an intermediate amount of risk for money you need in the next several years and then invest in stocks with most of the money you can leave a loan for like a decade or more. All right, but what does Bro believe? Because that's what I want to know. You could probably

guess that since we fools tend to be big believers in the stock market and are very comfortable with risk. I tend to probably side more with the PAF writers, although in the end, the economists are offering similar advice. And I would also say that I do think it makes sense to consider your human capital when thinking about the risk in your portfolio. So what does that mean? Well, maybe don't have too much of your net worth tied up in the stock of your employer, maybe even stocks of the companies in your industry. And the more volatile and unreliable at your income, the more safety you should build into your portfolio. All right. Our fifth and final question of contention is, how much should you invest in international

stocks? And so what do the economists have to say here? Well, studies show that investors have a home country bias. That is, they invest heavily in their own countries. And this isn't just the U.S. This is all over the world. So basically, people are concentrating their human capital and their investment capital into the same country. So many economists believe that people should instead invest in every country with a stock market in proportion to the size of that market. So right now, the U.S. stock market makes up 60 percent of the global stock market, so everyone should have 60% of their stocks in U.S. companies. The next biggest market is Japan, which makes up 6% of the global market, so everyone should have a 6%

allocation to Japan and a 4% allocation to the United Kingdom and a 4% allocation to China and a 3% allocation to Canada and so on. All right. And what do the personal finance writers have to say about it? Well, most do recommend investing in international stocks, but the average recommended allocation in the books that Dr. Choi surveyed was 27%. So that's lower than what maybe many economists might suggest. And a couple of the books said, there's actually no need for U.S. investors to buy international stocks since a significant portion of revenue from the companies in the S.P. 500 comes from international markets.

All right. What's the final word from Bro then? Well, I would say if you live outside the U.S., the economist's advice is spot on. You probably shouldn't overweight your portfolio toward companies in your own country, especially if your domestic market is maybe not well regulated or it's dominated by just one or two sectors or even just a couple of large companies, which is the case for many countries. But for American investors, international investing is a much tougher sell these days. The U.S. has outperformed non-U.S. stocks by around 8% a year on average over the past decade. And with the war in Ukraine, the energy crisis in Europe, the slowdown in China, things just

looking hard so great outside the U.S. for the near term. So I still think it makes sense to invest some of your long-term money in international stocks, but probably not the 40% that some economic theory might suggest. Well, that covered five contentious questions, but I think I still need a rose bottom line to wrap this all up. Well, I would say as far as the general public is concerned, the question of whether who is more right economists or personal finance writers is essentially moot because the typical academic paper isn't written in a way that the average person would understand. So just consider these sentences from Dr. Choi's paper. If the investor has a constant relative risk aversion utility and no labor income, the optimal allocation to the stock market does

not vary with the investment horizon. The story is different if stock returns are negatively auto-correlated, which causes the annualized variance of cumulative log stock returns to decrease with the investment horizon. So true. So true. I was just saying that the other day to my children. Right. So, I mean, the typical person will read that and they're like, what? I don't understand what that means. So most Americans will continue to turn to the popular media because, frankly, it's more accessible, less theoretical, and probably more likely to factor in things like psychology, human behavior. Fortunately, some economists do write for a more general audience. And I would say one of the more

interesting personal finance books published this year, in my opinion, is a book called Money Magic by Lawrence Kotlakov, who is an economist at Boston University. The good news is that I think that the more popular mass audience financial books offer generally pretty good advice. And if they can incorporate some of the worthwhile insights from economists, as many do, all the better. As always, people on the program may have interest in the stocks they talk about, and the Motley Fool may have formal recommendations for or against. So don't buy you. our sell stocks based solely on what you hear. I'm Chris Hill. Thanks for listening. We'll see you tomorrow.