Murder: True Crime Stories - SOLVED: Sam Cooke 1

Episode Date: April 21, 2026

In 1964, Sam Cooke was one of the biggest stars in America, a pioneering soul singer whose voice and business instincts were reshaping the music industry. Behind the success, Cooke was navigating grow...ing personal pressures and a shifting cultural landscape as the civil rights movement gained momentum. In Part 1 of Murder: True Crime Stories, Carter Roy traces Cooke’s rise from gospel prodigy to crossover icon, his fight for ownership and control in a segregated industry, and the tensions that defined his life offstage. As his influence grew, so did his willingness to challenge the status quo, culminating in a pivotal decision to walk away from a performance rather than play to a segregated audience, a moment that marked a turning point in the final chapter of his life. Head over to our Murder True Crime Stories YouTube channel to WATCH our video episodes: https://www.youtube.com/@MurderTrueCrimeStories If you’re new here, don’t forget to follow Murder True Crime Stories to never miss a case! For Ad-free listening and early access to episodes, subscribe to Crime House+ on Apple Podcasts. Murder True Crime Stories is a Crime House Original Podcast, powered by PAVE Studios 🎧 Need More to Binge?  Listen to other Crime House Originals Clues, Crimes Of…, Serial Killers & Murderous Minds, Crime House 24/7, and more wherever you get your podcasts! Follow me on Social Instagram: @Crimehouse TikTok: @Crimehouse Facebook: @crimehousestudios YouTube: @murdertruecrimestories To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

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Starting point is 00:00:00 Hi everyone, it's Carter. Exciting news. Video episodes of murder true crime stories are now on YouTube. Every Friday, I'll be dropping a full video episode going deeper into the cases that still haunt us, the mysteries that haven't been solved, and the stories that deserve more than just a headline. Same depth, same commitment to telling the real story. Now you can watch it. Subscribe at Murder True Crime Stories on YouTube.
Starting point is 00:00:30 to catch a new video episode every Friday. This is Crime House. Every artist hopes to make their mark on the world, but few succeed. Sam Cook was one of those rare exceptions. By blending gospel and pop music, Sam created his own sound and his own unique fan base. Unlike a lot of singers in the late 1950s and 60s, Sam had black and, white fans. At a time when the civil rights movement was in full swing, this meant Sam had successfully bridged a gap that even politicians couldn't. But maintaining that audience meant Sam had to walk a fine
Starting point is 00:01:28 line. He couldn't swing too far in either direction, or he'd risk alienating a portion of his fan base. So he towed that line for a while, building momentum. But eventually, Sam had enough. He decided to take a stand against racism, even if it cost him everything. People's lives are like a story. There's a beginning, a middle, and an end. But you don't always know which part you're on. Sometimes the final chapter arrives far too soon,
Starting point is 00:02:13 and we don't always get to know the real ending. I'm Carter Roy, and this is Murder, True Crime Stories, the Crime House original powered by Pave Studios. New episodes come out every Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, with Friday's episodes covering the cases that deserve a deeper look. Thank you for being part of the crimehouse community. Please rate, review, and follow the show, and for ad-free access to every episode,
Starting point is 00:02:41 subscribe to Crimehouse Plus on Apple Podcasts. This is the first of two episodes on the 1964 murder of music legend Sam Cook in Los Angeles, California. Today we'll learn about Sam's childhood and rise to stardom as the son of a Baptist minister. Sam grew up singing gospel music in Chicago. After taking his God-given talent to the masses, Sam used his fame to spend. speak out against racism and injustice. But not everyone appreciated his advocacy. Next time, I'll explain how Sam's increasing involvement with the civil rights movement
Starting point is 00:03:24 put a target on his back. I'll also discuss the crime that changed the music industry forever. And finally, I'll dig into the investigation that followed and the reasons why we're still not sure what actually happened to Sam Cook. back in 1964. All that and more, coming up. Even before the Great Depression hit in 1929, the state of Mississippi was already struggling. The local economy was heavily reliant on cotton, but after World War I, the price of cotton dropped
Starting point is 00:04:12 nearly 80 percent and only continued to fall from there. As if that wasn't bad enough, a severe drought rocked the state in 1930. Between Mother Nature and the stock market, the majority of Mississippians were barely getting by, and it was even harder if you were black. Jim Crow was the law of the land in the South. Racial segregation was strictly enforced, and black residents were largely cut off from the already limited federal support that was available. This was the world Sam Cook was born into on January 22nd, 19. 1331 in Clarksdale, Mississippi.
Starting point is 00:04:56 But it wasn't the world his father, Charles Cook, wanted to raise him in. He and his wife, Annie Mae, already had three children when Sam was born, and it wasn't long before they had another on the way. Charles and Annie both started working when they were very young, and neither of them had much in the way of formal education. Thanks to Jim Crow laws, Charles knew his children weren't going to fare much better if they stayed put. Charles worked a series of odd jobs to support his family, but his true passion was preaching.
Starting point is 00:05:32 So in his spare time, he traveled to nearby churches to deliver sermons, and he thought that was their ticket out of Mississippi. By the time Sam was two years old in 1933, Charles had worked his way north, to Chicago, Illinois. He hitchhiked from town to town, stopping to deliver sermons in exchange for room and board. Once he had work and a place to stay, he sent for the rest of his family. Chicago was only 600 miles north of Clarksdale, but it might as well have been another world. The Cook's move to a neighborhood called Bronzeville, with over 200 black-owned businesses serving primarily black customers.
Starting point is 00:06:21 Many people considered the area a black Wall Street. Though Chicago still had its own problems with racism, this was exactly the type of mobility that Charles wanted for his family. It was full of opportunity, as long as you were willing to put in the work. And as Sam grew older, he watched his father do exactly that. Once again, Charles worked various nine to five jobs to pay the bills, but whenever he had spare time, he dedicated himself to the family's new church, Christ Temple Cathedral.
Starting point is 00:07:01 Eventually he became an assistant pastor and was allowed to preach occasionally. Then around 1937, his hard work paid off. A satellite location of Christ's Temple Cathedral needed a pastor. It was about 30 miles south in a suburb of Chicago, and after a good word from his mentor, the honor went to Reverend Charles Cook. It was a huge moment for their family, but not much changed in terms of their day-to-day lives. Charles had always held his children to very high standards, especially when it came to religion, and that was even more important now that they were officially pastor's kids.
Starting point is 00:07:46 There was a long list of things that weren't allowed in the cookhouse, like movies, secular music and sports. God was their highest priority, while everything else was a distraction. So, of course, going to church was non-negotiable. Because they now had quite the commute, church was an all-day affair that started at 6.30 in the morning. Then there'd be services throughout the day, Sunday school, morning service, young people's service, evening service. In between, Annie May used the church kitchen to heat the food she'd brought along. They wouldn't get home until at least 10 p.m. And Sam and his siblings would still be expected to be ready for school the next morning.
Starting point is 00:08:37 School was a very close second on the family's list of priorities, and Sam was in a very close second. and Sam was an excellent student, but he wasn't just smart. He was insatiably curious and constantly checking books out of the library. And the max anyone could borrow his five books a week, so that's what Sam took, and he read every single one. Singing was also a big part of life in the cook household. Annie Mae sang in the church choir every Sunday and the rest of the Cook children, sang pretty well too. Eventually this gave Charles the idea to start a family band called
Starting point is 00:09:17 the Singing Children. Sam's oldest siblings, Charles Jr. and Mary sang lead, eight-year-old Hattie, six-year-old Sam, and four-year-old L.C. rounded out the quintet. They started out singing during their father services, but it wasn't long before they were making appearances at other churches in the area. They even traveled with their father. father to out-of-town revivals and other preaching engagements. They sang popular gospel songs, which the ladies at the church absolutely loved. They cheer and clap and sing along. The energy was electric.
Starting point is 00:09:58 Though all the kids were talented, no one could deny that Sam had something special. He sang tenor, and even though he was still very young, his voice had the tone and quality of someone much older. But more than that, he clearly felt at home on stage. And the rest of the kids sang because their father made them, but Sam had found his calling. By nine years old, he knew this was what he wanted to do with his life. And thanks to the example, his father had said, Sam knew he had to put in the work to make his dreams come true. Though he was still a a child, Sam seemed to understand a lot more about the world than most kids his age, and he'd already picked up on how it was designed to keep certain people down. For every successful black person he
Starting point is 00:10:57 knew, there were several more living paycheck to paycheck. His own parents still live that way. No one got rich being a church pastor. That wasn't the life Sam wanted for himself. As Sam got older, he realized he'd need to be more than just a good singer. He needed to be smart and savvy too, so he kept up with his schoolwork, but it wasn't all work and no play. Heading into his teen years, Sam was definitely one of the popular kids at church and school.
Starting point is 00:11:31 He was likable and charming, and, of course, he was handsome. Hanging out with Sam was a double-edged sword for the other guys, and they knew there'd be girls around, but their eyes would always be on Sam, especially when he sang. As the Cook children got older, the singing children eventually disbanded. The two eldest were now adults and had their own lives. At 19, Charles Jr. enlisted in the Air Force, Mary got married and started her own family,
Starting point is 00:12:05 but Sam kept singing, and soon his dedication paid off. In 1947, 16-year-old Sam was approached by two brothers with a singing group of their own. They already had five members, but when they heard Sam singing in school, and they knew they needed to add a sixth, it didn't take much convincing to get Sam to join. The baritone singer's father coached the boys, and he was the first to really teach Sam some of the more technical aspects of singing, like breath control. With Sam as their second lead, the group finally gained some traction, and they called themselves
Starting point is 00:12:47 the Highway QCs. The group worked well together, but they all knew Sam was the draw. His voice, which had always been good, had only gotten better. But it was the way he used it that made him truly stand out. Unlike the popular gospel leads of the day, Sam didn't bring. down the house with huge belting performances. His style was more relaxed, often described as crooning. He could hit the high notes and do intricate runs like the best of them, and he made all of it look effortless, which was how he got the attention of the soul stirers. The soul stirrers were easily the most popular gospel singing group on the circuit. Their shows were always packed, and they even
Starting point is 00:13:39 even had some hit records to their name. Then in 1950, their lead singer unexpectedly left the group. They replaced him with 19-year-old Sam Cook. Sam was stepping into some huge shoes, and the group's established fans weren't convinced he was up for it. Well, that changed after just a few performances. Sam soon won them over, and the group reached new heights. The first single featuring Sam as the lead turned out to be the biggest hit the soul stirs whatever have. In addition to the group's current fan base, Sam also brought a fresh young crowd with him. Suddenly, teens wanted to go to church if it meant getting to see Sam sing, and there's no denying that Sam liked the newfound attention.
Starting point is 00:14:32 Sam was dating a few different women at the time. one of them was an 18-year-old named Barbara Campbell, and in 1953, she came to Sam with some life-changing news. She was pregnant. Sam didn't take it very well. His star was rising, and he didn't want anything to get in the way of his career. He told Barbara that he wasn't ready for marriage, and it seemed like he wasn't ready to be a father either. Sam was 22, when he was 20, when his daughter was born, and despite what he told Barbara, he did get married that year, just not to her. In July of 1953, Sam and the Sturrors were featured in a major program called Gospel Cade in Fresno, California. While there, Sam met a singer and dancer named
Starting point is 00:15:26 Dolores Mohawk. Sam was immediately smitten to everyone's shock. The pair tied the knot, by October. Even then, Sam was focused on his music. Singing with the soul stirs was Sam's big break. They were working, touring professional singers, and now Sam was one too. It was a bit like jumping on a train that was already in motion, but he got his bearings fast. The stirs didn't just perform around Chicago. They traveled everywhere, including the South. And that's when reality set in. If you're obsessed with true crime, cults, or conspiracy theories, I've got the perfect show for you. Conspiracy theories, cults, and crimes dives into the darkest corners of human behavior.
Starting point is 00:16:29 Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, we uncover the true stories behind the world's most shocking crimes, deadly ideologies, and secret plots. From mass suicides and political assassinations to secret government experiments and U.F. faux cults. You'll hear about infamous cases like Jonestown and JFK, as well as hidden horrors like the octopus murders and starvation heights. If you love mystery, madness, and diving deep into the world's most unbelievable true stories, you won't want to miss this. Follow conspiracy theories, cults and crimes now, wherever you get your podcasts. A music star, whose biggest hit was called Romantic Homicide, has just been formally charged with first-degree murder,
Starting point is 00:17:16 Eligible for the death penalty. This is Vanessa Richardson, host of Crime House 24-7. 21-year-old singer David Anthony Burke, known as David, faces first-degree murder, sexual acts with a minor, and mutilation of human remains in the killing of 14-year-old Celeste Rivas Hernandez, whose dismembered body was found stuffed in bags inside his abandoned Tesla. Prosecutors say he committed sexual acts against her when she was under 14, and she was a witness in an investigation against him.
Starting point is 00:17:49 When those claims allegedly threatened his music career, authorities say he made her disappear. Hear the rest of that story and never miss another on Crime House 24-7, where we cover Breaking True Crime News Daily. Follow Crimehouse 24-7 wherever you listen to podcasts, so you never miss a story as it breaks. Sam Cook had experienced racism growing up in Chicago, but it was nothing compared to.
Starting point is 00:18:18 to life in the South. In the 1950s, Sam Cook, now in his early 20s, toured with his group the Soulsters. Jim Crow laws dictated everything about their tours, how they traveled, where they could sleep, where they could eat, and especially where they could play. Black musicians worked what they referred to as the Chitlin Circuit. A Chitlin is a soul food staple made from animal intestines. They're seasoned and fried, but still a bit of an acquired taste. So were the venues available to them. The stirers mostly performed at churches, but also appeared at juke joints from time to time. With one microphone in the corner of a crowded room, it was nothing glamorous, but it was certainly meaningful. Sam could feel the audience's hunger for these shows
Starting point is 00:19:17 It wasn't just music. Each show was an escape for his fans and for him. By 1955, Sam had been touring in the South for nearly a decade, first with the Highway QCs and then with the Solsters. He thought he understood the weight of the situation, but that year he learned just how dangerous being black in the South really was. In August of 1955, a 14-year-old boy from Chicago named Emmett Till was kidnapped and brutally murdered by two white men while visiting relatives in Mississippi. Allegedly, Emmett had whistled at the wife of one of his killers. Unfortunately, violent murders like these were all too common in the black community at the time, and they didn't usually get much attention, but Emmett's mother wasn't going to let his death go unnoticed.
Starting point is 00:20:24 When his disfigured body was returned for burial, his mother insisted on a public open casket funeral. Because of her brave decision, Emmett's story made national news and drew attention to the brutality faced by black Americans. Emmett's story was a huge wake-up call for many people in the U.S., and Sam Cook was no exception. After Emmett's murder, Sam's motivations changed. He didn't just want to become rich and famous to improve his own life. He wanted to improve the lives of all black people in the U.S., but to do that, he had to make some difficult decisions. He'd been with the soulsters for five years by then and had gotten as big as he could in the gospel world. It was no secret that gospel records just didn't make the kind of money that popular music did.
Starting point is 00:21:25 The problem was you couldn't do both. There was a strong divide between gospel, which was considered to be God's music, and pop, which was considered the devil's music. And if you were a singer, you did one or the other. Sam was the exception. Thanks to his time in southern juke joints, he knew what people were listening to. It didn't hurt that he would also regularly sneak out to rock and roll shows while on tour. Bile accounts, Sam had his finger on the pulse, but he wasn't going to blindly jump ship and risk losing everything he'd worked so hard for.
Starting point is 00:22:10 Instead, Sam started small, just testing the waters. He wrote a few pop R&B songs on the side, playing them for small groups of friends to see if they were any good. They were. So in December of 1956, Sam took his experiment to the next level. That month, 25-year-old Sam worked with the Sturrs producer and put out a song called Lovable. And just to be safe, he released it under the name Dale Cook. It was a rewrite of the most recent single he wrote for the Soulsters called Wonderful. The song didn't do so well.
Starting point is 00:22:54 Even worse, the fake name didn't fool anyone. Sam's voice was easily recognizable and his secret was out. Sam was still technically a member of the Soulsters and living at home in Chicago. For a time, he tried to have his cake and eat it too. When his bandmates asked, Sam denied it was him on the track. Afraid of losing him, no one pushed. There were a lot of people whispering in Sam's ear at the time. Friends and fellow gospel artists tried to talk Sam out of crossing over.
Starting point is 00:23:31 Why would he when he had a good thing going with the stirrers? Sam talked to his father about making the switch. Charles didn't love the idea, but he knew his son. When Sam put his mind to something, there was no stopping him. So if Sam decided to sing pop music, he was sure to succeed. A few months later, in May of 1957, 26-year-old Sam moved to Los Angeles, California. It was a big change. Sam wasn't just leaving the soulsters behind.
Starting point is 00:24:07 He was leaving his wife, Dolores, too, and they had recently separated. So in every way, this was a fresh start for Sam. But that didn't mean it was smooth. Sam had signed with specialty records, and almost right away he was butting heads with the higher-ups at the label. The sticking point was his next single, You Send Me. They didn't support his vision for the song. But the real problem was his contract. Like most artists then and now, Sam was barely making any money from his sales because of how the royalties were split up.
Starting point is 00:24:50 His new deal wasn't any worse than the one he'd had with the soulsters, but now that Sam was trying to make it on his own and made him angry. So in September of 1957, Sam left specialty and signed with a new record label called, called Keen. They let him record, you send me exactly as he wanted to, and released it the same month. This time, the only change he made to his name was adding an E to the end to make it classier. Unlike his first release, this one was a hit. Every time DJs played it on the radio, their phones lit up with happy listeners. And by the end of September, it had already sold 250,000 copies and showed no signs of slowing down. Sam was on the precipice of reaching the mainstream
Starting point is 00:25:46 stardom he'd always dreamed of. But he wasn't there just yet. Although he had a large fan base, he was still primarily black. He'd yet to win over White America. Three months after he released You Send Me, he got his chance. Sam was involved. to sing on the Ed Sullivan Show. The night of the broadcast, there were watch parties all across Bronzeville, the Chicago neighborhood where Sam had grown up. It was rare for a black person to be featured on such a popular show. All of Sam's fans were eager to tune in.
Starting point is 00:26:29 Sam was booked in the last performance slot, which meant he might get cut off if the broadcast went long. And that's exactly what happened. Sam had barely started singing when the show suddenly ended. The outcry was immediate. Sam's fans made angry phone calls and wrote letters to the network, demanding they make it right. So four weeks later, Ed Sullivan had Sam back and even apologized to him on the air.
Starting point is 00:27:01 By then, You Send Me had sold over one million copies. Sam Starr only continued to rise from there. He crisscrossed the country, making TV appearances and performing shows. Then, in March of 1958, he booked the biggest gig any performer of the time could hope for. A show at the Copa Cabana in New York City. The Copa attracted headliners like Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr. and Nat King Cole. patrons were almost exclusively middle-aged, rich, white folks. It was a completely different world than Sam was used to,
Starting point is 00:27:48 and it seemed like the cards were stacked against him from the very beginning. To start, none of Sam's music was properly arranged for the 16-piece house orchestra. It became an all-hands-on-deck effort to transcribe all the parts they needed. On top of that, Sam had never performed with such a big band. Suddenly, all of his natural stage presence was gone. He still sang all the songs well, but he wasn't performing them. It certainly didn't help that whenever Sam tried to add his own gospel-inspired flair, the owner of the Copa shut it down.
Starting point is 00:28:32 In the end, the show just never came together. for the first time in his career, Sam flopped. But he was determined to come back better than ever. There's something else here now, something new. From exclusively on Paramount Plus, it's the series Stephen King calls Scarious Hell. Everything here is impossible, but it's also real. Sci-fi vision calls it the best show streaming right now.
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Starting point is 00:29:40 this year, but they're not Crime Beat. Search for and follow the award-winning podcast Crime Beat on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music, and wherever you find your favorite podcasts. In March of 1958, 27-year-old Sam Cook failed for the first time ever. Unfortunately for him, it was on one of the most prestigious stages of the time. Bombing at the Copacabana was a blow to his ego, but more importantly, it was a blow to his ego. but more importantly, it was a lesson. Sam had more work to do if he wanted to keep climbing the ranks.
Starting point is 00:30:20 The good news was, Sam still had a big fan base. Even after the Copa disaster, Sam was getting booked for other concerts and TV appearances, which was how he got on Dick Clark's radar. Dick Clark hosted a variety of music shows, including American Bandstand, which was basically MTV for the 1950s and 60s. The show was just teens dancing to top 40 hits, often performed live by the artists. Shortly after Sam stint at the Copa,
Starting point is 00:30:56 Dick invited Sam to perform on his newest show, Saturday Night Beach Nut Show. Then, in October of 1958, he was invited back. This time, the show would be broadcasting from Atlanta, Georgia. Adding Sam to the lineup also meant this would be one of the first U.S. concerts to feature black and white artists in the same show, and there were no plans to segregate the audience. Integration was not popular in the South, to say the least, and its staunchest opponents were the KKK.
Starting point is 00:31:38 So when they heard about the show, the threats came pouring in against the venue, against Dick Clark, and of course, against Sam. To his credit, Dick Clark wasn't willing to back down, but he checked in with Sam to make sure he felt the same way. Sam did. This was part of his mission. He was determined to throw open doors and tear down walls so that other black artists didn't face the same adversity as him. On the day of the concert, Sam stepped onto the stage with his head held high. He sang for the crowd of 6,000 adoring fans.
Starting point is 00:32:23 And that was it. Despite all the commotion, the show went off when. without a hitch, but that didn't mean working in the South got any easier for Sam. He was well and truly famous by this point and not just gospel famous. And yet he wasn't any safer. In November, 1958, sometime after the Atlanta concert, Sam performed in St. Louis, Missouri. His next show was in Mississippi, so afterward his team packed up and hit the road. Sam had his own car, a convertible Cadillac, and a private driver named Eddie Cunningham.
Starting point is 00:33:05 Sam invited his guitarist Lou Rawls to join him for the drive. It was a rainy night, so they had to keep the top up on the convertible. At one point, they were cresting a small hill when suddenly a large shadow blocked the lane. Eddie slammed on the brakes and the tires screeched. The last thing any of the passengers saw was the tailgate of a pickup flying toward their heads. Someone had parked a truck in the middle of the highway and turned the lights off. It was dark and raining, so no one saw until it was too late. The front of Sam's Cadillac slid beneath the bed of the truck.
Starting point is 00:33:52 His driver, Eddie Cunningham, was killed instantly. the other passengers were badly injured. Sam's guitarist broke his colorbone. Lou Rawls was severely concussed and in a coma for five days. Somehow Sam walked away with nothing but a scratch on his face. Still, near-death experiences have a way of clarifying things. After the accident, Sam was ready to make some professional changes. He'd been a working recording artist for nearly a decade by then and had learned a thing or two about the business.
Starting point is 00:34:32 At the time, royalties were split between publishers, recording companies, and artists. Most of the time, the publishers were actually part of the record label, so labels would pocket at least two-thirds of all sales, while an artist was lucky to see the rest. Very few artists ever questioned this, but it seemed like they always got the short end of the stick, especially if they were black. Sam wasn't okay with that. He'd always written the majority of his own music, including all of his biggest hits. He firmly believed that the majority of earnings should stay with him. So he started to look into ways to make that happen.
Starting point is 00:35:18 A friend of his, J.W. Alexander, owned a publishing company, and had been encouraging Sam to start one of his own. As the songwriter and the publisher, Sam would be the one to keep two-thirds of the profits. Now, Sam was ready to take the plunge. He asked JW to be his partner in the new business venture, which he called Cag's Music. Sam's priorities for his personal life shifted too.
Starting point is 00:35:49 It seems like his first marriage officially, ended around this time, but Sam wasn't done with family life. He rekindled his romance with Barbara Campbell, who had been raising their daughter for the last six years. By the end of 1959, the pair were married. Sam was 28 and Barbara was 24. Shortly after the wedding, the newlyweds and their daughter moved into a luxurious home in Los Angeles. Besides, wanting a fresh start, but, Sam had also signed with an LA-based record label named RCA Victor. This was the same company that represented Sam's biggest competition, Elvis Presley. Sam's first couple of singles with RCA didn't make a very big splash,
Starting point is 00:36:42 but then they let Sam release a song he'd written called Chain Gang. Sam wrote it after seeing groups of incarcerated, mostly black men working with. in fields and along highways in the south. Although it wasn't overtly political, the song was Sam's way of highlighting one of the many injustices happening in the South. At the same time, he was still catchy enough for white audiences to bop along to. It was the closest Sam could come to expressing his personal beliefs without alienating his white fan base. But even though Sam understood that fan base was essential to his success, he was beginning to bristle against that particular constraint. His close friends and family knew that Sam thought deeply about racial inequality.
Starting point is 00:37:37 His favorite author was James Baldwin, who wrote extensively about the struggle for civil rights. Creating more opportunities for his people was always at the forefront for Sam. He'd fought his way to the top, and he wasn't going to stay there alone. So he got in touch with his business partner, J.W. Alexander, who was still running Sam's publishing company, Kegg's music. Sam had figured out how to protect himself in the music industry. Now he wanted to do the same for young, up-and-coming black artists. With the help of Sam's manager, he and J.W. started their own record company in January
Starting point is 00:38:22 of 1961. They called it S-A-R Records. But S-A-R wasn't just about developing and promoting black talent. It was also focused on making sure that black artists were being fairly compensated for their work. The first act Sam signed was his old gospel group, The Soul Sturrers. Sam was putting his money where his mouth was when it came to advocating for his fellow artists. But out on the road, Sam felt like there was more he should be doing. In most places he
Starting point is 00:38:59 performed, the audiences were segregated. And sometimes black and white people were seated in different sections of the venue, but there were also times when Sam was expected to play two separate shows. These types of appearances weighed on him. Sam worried that by participating, people would think he approved of segregation to some degree. So in May of 1961, 30-year-old Sam decided it was time to take a stand. Sam was one of the headliners on a tour that also featured a new R&B artist, 19-year-old Aretha Franklin.
Starting point is 00:39:42 They were slated to appear at the Memphis Auditorium with about 12 other acts. Hours before the show was supposed to be. to start. A telegram arrived at their hotel from the president of the local chapter of the NACP. That's the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The president wanted to let the performers know that the seating arrangements were even more heavily segregated that night. According to the telegram, black audience members were restricted to the left side of the balconies. That meant they'd have a bad view of the stage and absolutely no room to dance. It also severely limited the number of tickets available. There'd be fewer than 1,000 black spectators in a venue
Starting point is 00:40:32 that held close to four. In the past, Sam had pushed back on the issue of segregated seating. He was always polite about it, cautious about rocking the boat too much. Usually he and the venue would come up with some sort of compromise. But the Memphis Auditorium wasn't willing to negotiate. The NAACP had already tried. Sam decided this was his line in the sand. He wouldn't be singing that night, and neither would his fellow headliner Clyde McFatter.
Starting point is 00:41:06 By the time Sam and Clyde announced their decision, some acts had already gone to the venue. Sam called everyone who was left and explained the situation. He tried to get the other artist to join him and Clyde in the boycott, but in the end, no one else did. At the show, the host said that Sam and Clyde had missed their connecting flights, and that's why they weren't there,
Starting point is 00:41:29 but Sam made sure the truth got out. He put out a statement saying that he'd refused to go because of the Memphis auditorium's racist policies. With that, Sam had declared himself, for the cause. The civil rights movement was raging, and tensions were escalating across the country. And now, one of America's biggest stars had stepped into the ring. Same hope that by taking a stand, he could help end segregation entirely. It was a huge risk, even for him. And in the end, it would cost him more than money.
Starting point is 00:42:15 It would cost him his life. Thanks so much for listening. I'm Carter Roy, and this is Murder True Crime Stories. Come back next week for Part 2 on the murder of Sam Cook and all the people that affected. Murder True Crime Stories is a Crime House original, powered by Pave Studios. Here at Crime House, we want to thank each and every one of you for your support. If you like what you heard today, reach out on social media at Crime House on TikTok and Instagram. Don't forget to rate, review, and follow Murder True Crime Stories wherever you get your podcasts.
Starting point is 00:42:59 Your feedback truly makes a difference. And to enhance your murder, true crime stories, listening experience, subscribe to Crime House Plus on Apple Podcasts. You'll get every episode ad-free. We'll be back on Thursday. Murder True Crime Stories is hosted by me, Carter Roy, and is a crimehouse original powered by Pave Studios. This episode was brought to life by the Murder True Crime Stories team, Max Cutler, Ron Shapiro, Alex Benadon, Natalie Pertofsky, Sarah Camp, Megan Hannam, Honeyas Saeed, Cassidy Dillon, and Russell Nash. Thank you for listening. Thanks for listening to today's episode of murder, true crime stories.
Starting point is 00:43:54 Not sure what to listen to next, check out America's Most Infamous Crimes, hosted by Katie Ring. From serial killers to unsolved mysteries and game-changing investigations, each week Katie takes on a notorious criminal case in American history. Listen to and follow America's most infamous crimes now, wherever you listen to podcast. A music star, whose biggest hit was called Romantic Homicide, has just been formally charged with first-degree murder eligible for the death penalty. This is Vanessa Richardson, host of Crime House 24-7. 21-year-old singer David Anthony Burke, known as David, faces first-degree murder, sexual acts with a minor, and mutilation of human remains in the killing of 14-year-old Celeste Rivas Hernandez, whose dismembered body was found. stuffed in bags inside his abandoned Tesla. Prosecutors say he committed sexual acts against her when she was under 14,
Starting point is 00:45:00 and she was a witness in an investigation against him. When those claims allegedly threatened his music career, authorities say he made her disappear. Hear the rest of that story and never miss another on Crime House 247, where we cover Breaking True Crime News Daily. Follow Crimehouse 247 wherever you listen to podcasts. so you never miss a story as it breaks.

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