Odd Lots - The Chinese Chip Giant That Could Be Nvidia's Biggest Threat

Episode Date: June 23, 2025

Right now, Nvidia stock is back near its all-time highs, thanks to seemingly unquenchable demand for its AI chips. When it comes to profiting off of this boom, Nvidia's lead and lock-in looks almost unassailable. But there is one particular company that is clearly on the mind of CEO Jensen Huang, and that is Huawei. On this episode, we speak with Washington Post reporter Eva Dou, the author of the new book House of Huawei: The Secret History of China's Most Powerful Company. Her book explains how the historical development of Huawei is basically synonymous with the rise of modern China, having started early on in Shenzhen, when that was one of the few parts of the country where capitalism and free enterprise were allowed to take root. She discusses what the company does, how it became so strong, its links to the Chinese government, and how it emerged as a possible rival to Nvidia. Only Bloomberg.com subscribers can get the Odd Lots newsletter in their inbox, plus unlimited access to the site and app. Subscribe at bloomberg.com/subscriptions/oddlotsSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Thanks for listening to Odd Lots. Follow the show on Amazon Music for more future episodes or just ask, Alexa, play the Odd Lots podcast on Amazon Music. Bloomberg Audio Studios. Podcasts Radio News. Hello and welcome to another episode of the Odd Lots podcast. I'm Joe Wisenthal. And I'm Tracy Allo-Wa. Tracy, we recently did that episode with McKenzie Hawkins talking about, you know, some of the geopolitics of AI. and chips, et cetera. And when it comes to AI chips, it basically is Nvidia and nobody else. But there is one other company

that's clearly like lurking out there in the picture. Huawei. Yes. Right. So that was one of the things that came up, which is that, yes, Nvidia has this huge dominance within AI. But, you know, there is this Chinese company,

as we said, Huawei, that is making a lot of progress. If there's one area of concern or if there's one possibility that another company's tech could really sort of, like form the backbone of AI, this is, it's probably them. I find Huawei really fascinating as a company.

So it's sort of this national champion, right? And even the name, I think, means something like China has achievements or China is able to achieve or something like that. And yet, it has these like really weird European headquarter. Yes. I've seen these photos. Yeah. They look like French castles and things like that. And you hear all these stories.

about how aggressive some of the Huawei sales tactics are. There was the arrest of the founder-ridden, Junk Faye's daughter a few years ago. So there's just all this stuff going on and like kind of weird tensions. And I want to learn more about what this company actually is and what it does. Totally. A lot of mystery, a lot of perhaps paranoia, a lot of concern about what it does and who it is and its connection to the Chinese government, the CCP, etc. Anyway, we have to learn more if this is going to be the one company that could at some point in the future threaten Nvidia.

And we really do have the perfect guest to talk about it. We are going to be speaking with Eva Doe. She is the author of the fairly new book. It came out earlier this year. House of Huawei, the Secret History of China's Most Powerful Company. It's really an extraordinary book. I actually think someone asked me the other day, what are a few books you would read about China these days? and this is now, I think, sort of an instant classic.

So, Eva, thank you so much for coming on Oddla. It's kind of perfect timing. Thank you so much for having me here. Actually, it's really perfect timing because just today, the founder of the company, Ren Chung-Fei, gave a interview with People's Daily. And it's clear in your reporting, he does not do like a ton of media, et cetera.

He's certainly not like Jensen Wong always talking to the press. What do you take away from that, that suddenly there's a, I think literally just today or maybe yesterday, that there's a Ren Zhong-Faie interview with People's Daily. Yeah, so this is very, very rare for them to publish a full interview transcript with a private enterprise entrepreneur on the front page of the People's Daily, which is the party's mouthpiece and usually is chronicling what the nation's leader, Xi Jinping, and other senior officials are doing. And I think it really speaks to Huawei's sort of central role now in China's tech industry.

and not only that in diplomatic relations, this is the message to the United States and the world for them to put his words on the front page of People's Daily at a time when Huawei is very much in the crosshairs of the Trump administration. I want to ask the pressing question on my mind and then maybe get into other important stuff, but what is the deal with the European Castle headquarters for this company that has sort of grown in tandem with the Chinese economy and is considered a national champion, national symbol in many ways. Why do they have French castles and like Greek statues as their headquarters? Yeah, this is one of the strange and amusing things about this company. They have this sort of

larger-than-life campus that just mystifies people when they come to visit. They have like a replica of Versailles. They have a replica of the castle of Heidelberg. from Germany, and they have their R&D operations in these like European-style castles, and it's very strange to people. And this has never been fully explained by the company, but in a way, it does show the level of their ambition. Like, they are building sort of an empire far more than just what many people think of, sort of a single tech company does, and its global footprint.

The weird thing about Huawei, you know, when we talk about these big Chinese industrial industrial giant, typically. A lot of them are publicly traded or talk about PYD or Xiaomi or so forth or cattle, the battery company. And then it's also not a state-owned enterprise. You tell in the book the story of it was founded in Shenzhen and either the late 70s or early 80s. They explicitly decided not to go down the SOE road, unlike competitor ZTE. What is it, though? Explain like, what is the structure at this company? This sort of gets to the heart of why I was so interested in this company, Huawei Technologies, in that if you really, if you understand how this company works, then you really do understand how China works at large. And so it is this fusion between capitalism and the party-controlled Chinese economy. That's where Huawei sits. So it is registered as a private company and it is privately held. They have resisted. listing on the stock market for decades, which means that they are able to take a longer-term

view. They don't have to deliver quarterly results. They aren't under the gun from investors to be profitable every single year, even though they are. So they sort of are able to flow more of their money into long-term R&D investments. And the other part of it is they do have national guidance under the party from Beijing as one of the nation's tech champions. And so it's kind of this fusion. How does competition with ZTE actually work? Huawei is this big, important, privately held company in China, but ZTE is part state owned. I guess both of them, like, have some sort of relationship, obviously, with the CCP. But how do they actually compete against each other. And I guess how does the party actually view the purpose of that competition?

Yeah. So Hwali and ZTE, they're crosstown rivals. They're both based in Xinjiang. They're sort of like siblings, how they've grown up. They're in some ways very similar in the types of products they offer and their global footprint. And this reflects how China has built its economy, which is it encourages this kind of competition among domestic companies, and they have to fight it out amongst themselves. And this pushes them to be more efficient, to be better. And Huawei largely has been the one who's won out. But there's competition everywhere, right?

And there's competition in the United States. What is it specifically about the bones of this company that makes it unique in how cutthroat and competitive it is? I think Huawei is infused in this Chinese communist ethos of sacrifice towards a larger cause, towards the company's cause and the nation's calls in a way that is quite unique. And so one example will be, so in January 1996, there was this seminal moment in Huawei's history, which was its first mass resignation ceremony. And so, Zhen Zhongfei essentially fired his entire sales department and made them reapply for their own jobs because he was unhappy with his performance. But the way he went about this was just very different than what you would see in a Western company. So each of the salespeople had to write up a resignation letter.

And then they held a rally where all the employees took turns criticizing themselves. You had salespeople blaming themselves and pledging that they were. going to sacrifice themselves for the company's success. And this gets to this communist ethos of self-criticism and sort of sacrificing your individual interests toward the national goal, which is really a key part of Huawei's culture. Tracy, would you do a self-criticism and sacrifice for outlots and go up on stage in front of the entire team and talk about ways that you've fallen short? Joe, I do. I do self-criticism ever. I would. I would take part in an odd lot self-criticism session in front of all of you.

Okay, since we brought up self-criticism, which is very, very much a CCP thing, and everyone remembers, like, the images and writings about self-criticism sessions in, like, 1960s, 1970s. What exactly is the connection between Rinjung Fei, the founder of Huawei, and the CCP? I know he used to be a PLA engineer, I think. But other than that, like, what exactly is the connection? Yes. So the party plays an overarching role in China, including over the private tech sector. And so it is always, always there.

So Huawei, since its early days, has had a Communist Party committee within the company, which is a normal thing and required in China, even for foreign companies like Walmart or Disney. that are operating in China. And so this throughout its history has played a role in aligning the company's operations with national goals. And in some ways, doubles as an HR department in that they have a role and authority to fire people to recommend people for promotion or vice versa. Yeah, this was really interesting.

They also sort of police the behavior of at least the party members who work for the company. I think like you talk in your book about like, you know, they make sure that they're engaging in good moral behavior, like not gambling and stuff like that? Yeah, certainly. And so the party members are, it's not the majority of Huawei's employees, but a sizable proportion of this staff are party members. And the party committee specifically is in charge of overseeing the moral guidance of these employees who are supposed to be leaders within the company. And every few years, there is this crackdown on immoral behavior. within a company that aligns with nationwide crackdown.

I'm Francine Lacquois, an award-winning journalist, and I've got a new podcast, leaders with Francine Lacqua from Bloomberg Podcasts. I've interviewed everyone from heads of state to fashion icons about the news of the moment. But I've always been curious, who are these people as leaders? I don't think there's one right way to be a leader. Make decisions. A poor decision is always better than no decision. Listen to new episodes every other Monday. Follow leaders with Francine Lacroix wherever you get your podcasts.

What separates good leaders from transformational ones? I'm Jessica Chen and in season two of Leading By Example, we'll sit down with executives like Grace Chen of Bertie Gray to find out. It's important to understand where you spike, but also really acknowledge where you don't and find people who can fill those gaps. Listen to leading by example, executives making an impact on the IHeart radio app, Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. Can I ask a very, very basic question, which probably should have been my first question instead of asking about the castles? But what does Huawei actually do?

And what did they start out making versus what they make and do now? So the way to think about Huawei is right now we live in this information economy. and data is sort of the most valuable commodity in any nation now. And so Huawei is the company that builds the pipes that carry data, both in China and around the world. It's emerged as the most proficient company that does this, that builds the networks for both internet and phone data around the world. And in addition to that, it's also China's leading producer of chips, which right now are the heart of this. AI revolution. And so the U.S. has Nvidia and China's alternative is Huawei. And so they make telecom networks. They make the chips. And they also have expanded to like a wide range of other

products, including consumer technologies like smartphones, smart watches and smart cars, the most recent one. Oh, I didn't realize. It's really amazing with these big Chinese tech giants. They really build everything. And I actually do think sort of aside here, it's interesting that like 10 years ago there was talk about an Apple car. And they spent a lot of time looking into getting into cars and it just sort of never materialized. And yet here you have these. Here's a company that was clearly late to the smartphone game relative to the Apple iPhone,

which was the beginning. And now it's doing cars and watches and everything else and all the 5G gear and all the things that Apple doesn't do. It strikes me is very revealing. There's a comment from the founder that was, I think, dates back to the 90s where he said, a country without its own program controlled switches is like one without an army. That strikes me as something that he identified, which now almost every country or everyone around the world is thinking. It's almost like he was 30 years ahead of his time.

Because if you think about the anxiety in the U.S. about various technologies that we don't build here, if you think about the anxiety in Europe, et cetera, it really seems like that line is, is now becoming conventional wisdom among companies and governments all over the world. Yes, it really speaks to the role of technology and nations and its relationship to the governments in which there's always been this through line from technology to nations sort of control and surveillance operations. And so that that is why Huawei has been sort of in the crosshairs of not only the U.S. governments, but governments around the world. is this role that it plays. So on this note, one thing I'm really curious about is how does Huawei actually make big decisions? So, you know, for instance, if it wants to launch a self-driving car, what does that discussion actually look like?

And I guess like we just did an episode with Ricardo Hausman where we were talking about economic complexity and the idea of countries sort of jumping from product to a more complicated product and then a more complicated. product after that. But I guess how much interrelation is there between all the things that Huawei makes? So Huawei's founder, Ren Jung Fei, is still the leader of the company. And people have been anticipating his retirement for many years. And he's still unclear when he will retire. And so for now, he is making those decisions. And under him, there are rotating chairs who take, it's kind of a strange system. They take turns doing half-year stints as Huawei's acting CEO. And so it is a collective decision that's being made about the company's broader strategy. And this is meant to provide consistency in the company's direction going forward, especially as they're looking to a

future where Mr. Wren has retired. One of the things that I had forgotten about that you talk about in your book is how many big networking companies there used to be, even 10 years ago, but certainly like 20 years ago or 25 years ago around the dot-com bubble. And there's just all these names that I had I can't remember the last time. Erickson still exists, but it's clearly just nothing like what it used to be. There's 3Com and Palm and Nordel, Northern Telecom, and Lucent and Marconi. Like all of these companies that I just hadn't forgotten about for years, these sort of makers of telephone gear, and there's others too. And when I didn't realize, and correct me if I'm wrong, it basically seems like the reason we don't talk about any of those companies anymore is basically due to Huawei and Huawei specifically. It really was a story of all these different telecom companies ultimately losing out to Huawei.

Certainly. So there was a period during the 2000s when Huawei just sort of mop the floor with its competition around the world and ran a lot of these major companies out of business. And so Canada had Nortel, the UK had Marconi. These were gear makers who were making similar equipment to Huawei. And they all just went out of business within a span of a few years. And that's partly why officials in the West started ring the alarm a few years ago, which was they looked around at the global market. And it was all Huawei. It's just dominating this market.

And in a way for Western countries, it was sort of an own goal. They could have fought harder to keep their companies in this market, which is critical to technological development and critical to national security. But these companies all went under. And there's only a handful of companies in the world left that make this kind of equipment. So speaking of national security, you make the point towards the end of the book that Huawei's goals, they go beyond just shareholder returns. It's also concerned with China's place in the world and helping boost China's competitiveness and all of that.

And obviously, there's that CCP link as well that we already discussed. But I guess my question is, what are the sort of strength? and weaknesses of having a corporate mission that goes beyond just pure profit? How does that actually affect the performance of the company? Well, for the most part, this has been very successful for Huawei and that part of why it's become number one in its field around the world and difficult to challenge is because it's not playing by these same roles where it needs to seek profitability and needs to maximize profitability, kind of explicitly, that's not its main mission. And it's not publicly traded. And so they can't take temporary losses and plow all their

money into R&D in a way that like a publicly listed U.S. company might find difficult to convince investors put up with. Yeah. So it has allowed Huawei to become incredibly strong and incredibly competitive in a way that's difficult for Western rivals to compete with. I guess one major risk of this kind of alignment with Beijing is, you know, you become at the whim of China's government policies, which often comes in swings and often goes overboard. And Huawei is one of the few companies that has survived in such a strong state from the 1980s to the present day. and many companies have gone under in China under sort of these political winds.

It does seem like there's a parallel between the trajectory of Huawei and also the current government under Xi Jinping. Ren Chung Feng's own father was sort of cast out of the Communist Party or criticized or something like that. He was a persona non grata in some manner or another, much like Xi's own father. And yet, Ren has obviously committed himself to China. obviously she is, he's the president of the country. It does feel like there has been this sort of clear co-evolution. One of the things that you write about in your book that I thought was interesting is he was talking about like people who got sort of kicked out of the party and he says, you know,

if you get cast into the fire and you survive, then you become the Phoenix. It really does seem like a story here about sticking with the party and sticking with the country even when you suffer personal misfortune because of it. Certainly. And Huawei's story, in specific, is China's story more broadly. The company was founded at the dawn of China's grand experiment with capitalism when it was starting to open up from purely socialist economy. And it's been in step with China's development ever since. And so its fate is intertwined with Beijing, probably more than ever. now. And this has been something that Jin Zheng Fei has tried to resist at times to put some

distance between himself and the government. But what they make, it's so critical for the nation's technology industry, so critical for national security that there's no way of really separating it. I was just about to ask about tensions between the company and the party. But can you give us some examples of where disagreement might arise or why Rin would want to separate Huawei a little bit from the CCP? Yes. So in the 1990s, Huawei went through this period where it was

setting up a lot of joint ventures with state-owned enterprises across the country. That was its first big step to take over China's domestic market was through these tie-ins with local governments. And so during that period, there definitely was tension. There was definitely culture clash.

So it meant Huawei had to be taking on all these new employees who were used to the slow pace of work in state-owned enterprises, you know, leisurely lunch, afternoon nap. And it was quite a shock for them coming to work at Huawei, which was a company where employees literally worked themselves to death in some cases. And that kind of martyrdom was sort of idealized. Can we talk a little bit about alcohol? Tracy posted a story from who was actually in the Wall Street Journal yesterday, that there is another, yet another attempt by the Xi Jinping government to crack down uncertain excesses. And there are some like local government officials. And they consumed a bunch of bottles of Baiju. And then one of them died that day. You also talk about this in your book, which is that like the sales culture was so intense. And there was this expectation that the salespeople had to get more drunk than the colleagues or the, then the clients said that the clients never felt embarrassed by how drunk they're getting. Talk to us about alcohol and like all this drinking and partying that goes on. Certainly. So Huawei, through most of its history in China, has had this reputation of a very broculture,

which in China meant a lot of heavy drinking of hard liquor, Baijou, which is this incredibly strong liquor. I've never tried it. You're not missing out. You're not missing anything. I hate it. I've never, I got to try it sometime. All right. Keep going. So part of Chinese corporate culture of entertaining your clients is taking them out and getting just rip-roaring drunk. And as the salesperson, you're supposed to get more drunk than your client to show respect to them.

And so you have these salespeople who really are, had, we're suffering pretty severe. health consequences of this heavy drinking. And at some point, the officials within Huawei, they were sending out like these stomach bombs to employees who had suffered stomach damage from getting so drunk doing their jobs. And this was sort of seen as part of the personal sacrifice you do to further Huawei's goals to make the company succeed. Wow. I love how, like, a lot of people would think, like, partying as a salesperson. person does one of the perks of the job. But I love the idea of like partying so hard and getting so drunk that it ceases to be a perk anymore and is actually represents your sacrifice to the company.

Because like you're blowing out your stomach and your liver in doing so to the point where the company needs to send you, send medicine out to the sales force. Yes, certainly. And you have these stories of salespeople. They're getting so drunk, they have to go and take a vomit break in the middle and then they come back and keep drinking. Whatever it takes. takes to get the job done. That's how you win all those. That's how you win all those countries. Anyway, sorry, Tracy, as someone who spent a lot of time in Japan, I find the idea of people partying so hard, it ends up being a sacrifice and something they don't want to do, very, very relatable. Can we talk a little bit about tariffs and trade restrictions? So obviously, you know, since 2018, the first Trump administration,

the U.S. has tried to put limits on exports to China and tried to, I guess, block some of China's technological development in various ways. A lot of those restrictions were carried through by the Biden administration. Some people would even say that the Biden administration was harder on Huawei than Trump. Fast forward to today, and obviously we've had Liberation Day and all this back and forth on trade restrictions yet again. And still, it seems like Huawei has been doing a pretty good job. I know they managed to produce a 5G processor and things like that.

Have the tariffs or trade restrictions had any effect on Huawei's development specifically? And how has it responded? Certainly. So during Trump's first term, the target was Huawei's telecom networks, especially their wireless networks. 5G was being rolled out around the world at that point. And the first Trump administration had worked very hard to stop Huawei's progress in 5G networks. And so fast forward to the second Trump term, now the focus is AI chips, and the idea chips versus Huawei's and their role in building

sort of these super smart computers that can power things like chat GPT. And the fact that we're still talking about Huawei speaks to the scope of their technology and just their central role in China's tech industry, that it is still this company that is both doing the telecom networks and doing the AI chips. And so what we've seen during the early months of the second Trump term is Trump's administration has warned countries around the world that they view using Huawei's AI chips anywhere in the world as a violation of U.S. export controls, which means, you know, they're threatening countries around the world that they might suffer consequences from the United States from buying and using Huawei AI chips. And yeah, this certainly has had a big impact on Huawei's trajectory, but it hasn't stopped them. In many ways, has pushed them to redouble their efforts to build technology domestically. A lot of short daily news podcasts focus on just one story.

But right now, you probably need more. On Up First from NPR, we bring you three of the world's top headlines every day in under 15 minutes. because no one's story can capture all that's happening in this big, crazy world of ours on any given morning. Listen now to the Up First podcast from NPR. What separates good leaders from transformational ones? I'm Jessica Chen, and in season two of Leading By Example, we'll sit down with executives like Grace Chen of Bertie Gray to find out. It's important to understand where you spike, but also really acknowledge where you don't, find people who can fill those gaps.

Listen to leading by example, executives making an impact on the IHeart radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. Setting aside geopolitics, et cetera, I understand why Western governments are anxious after watching what happened to all of those telecom giants that virtually disappeared since the late 90s or early 2000s, why they certainly don't want to see that repeated again. It's interesting, though, going back to this new Global Times interview that came out today. There's a lot in there about AI. And one of the things that Wren says is AME be the last technological revolution in human society,

though maybe also nuclear fusion. That's interesting. But one thing that's clear is that a big part of this interview is to like, you know, he talks about how far behind they are still. By the way, we're recording this on June 11th so people can go look for the Global Times article. He talks about how far behind they are still. Like they're clearly trying to make the point in this interview that, yes, AI is the future. It could even be the last important tech that ever exists.

But at the same time, you know, don't be too threatened by us. We're still at least a generation behind Nvidia and so forth. Yeah, certainly. So Ren has always downplayed Huawei's strength publicly. And part of that has been he's until recent years done very few interviews at all. Part of Huawei's culture is they are quiet, they are humble, and they sort of downplay their achievements. And that's allowed them, partly helped them in making these technological leapfrogs before people really recognize that's what they have done. So the last couple years, AI has become this global frenzy where with CHAP GPT, everyone's talking about AI, AI revolution.

So actually for companies like Huawei, like U.S. tech giants like Google and Microsoft, they saw this coming years ago. And they've been working on AI for well over a decade. And their executives since years ago have been saying that AI is going to be the next revolution. And they have to catch this wave. You mentioned Succession earlier. And obviously, Rinjung Fei has been such an iconic figuring. in China and within Huawei. What happens next? Who are the frontrunners? And what exactly is the process for doing this?

Because I'm kind of imagining someone needs to do a Chinese conglomerate version of succession. I would watch that 100%. What is the process? I would watch it too. Well, in many ways, he's irreplaceable. So Ren Zheng Fei has this unique position in China's tech industry of sort of this hermendish. mid-stage. He speaks in riddles and he makes these predictions that sound fantastical in the moment, but turn out to be true years later. And he's this larger-than-life figure who's like

no one else in China's tech industry and no one else really around the world. So it's difficult to see how he can be replaced, really. But he's been working on setting up a succession plan since the 1990s. And the way that it looks now is the team. a team of rotating executives who together can kind of steer the company. And so we'll have to see when he retires how well this works. And so this team of top executives, it includes several company veterans who have been with Huawei since the 1990s or earlier. And then it also includes Jun Jeng Fei's daughter, Momanjo, who had been the CFO detained in Canada during the first Trump administration and who, has since returned and has been elevated to this national hero status for being under house arrest in Canada.

Actually, I have just one more question, which is it sounded like in your book that at least in the beginning years, the daughter wasn't seen, none of the family members were actually seen as likely replacements or leaders of the company. But it always seems like in revolutionary environments, communist revolutions, serving some time in prison, or in Siberia or something like is really good for your cred, that ultimately doing some sort of stint of suffering is actually helpful in establishing like, okay, you actually belong to be at the top. Did those years where she was facing possible prison time in the U.S.

help her in terms of, okay, she might actually be a credible leader at some point in the future? Certainly. It was this unexpected thing that happened, her arrest in Canada, that gave her sort of the, street cred back home to be elevated, which Huawei is a company where they care about results. And so for years, they had believed that only engineers who really understand the technology can lead this company and be able to make the right decisions and have that authority to lead

the engineers. And this was not Moin Joe's background. So she had studied finance and was working in the finance department and had work her way, up to CFO, but many people thought that was maybe the ceiling for her. And then that changed after her detention. After her house arrest, she came back and soon after was promoted to one of the rotating chair people at Huawei, rotating chairwoman, which is one of the top positions right under Rindjung Fei himself. So speaking of unexpected developments, in researching your book, I'm really curious if there's one thing that stuck out for you in terms of being surprising.

What was the most surprising thing you heard or saw or learned about in writing this book? I think the role of crises around the world in Huawei's expansion was something that kind of was interesting and unexpected to me in researching this book, which, you know, part of why they were able to make their early sales advantage. advances in other countries was they push their salespeople to the limit in extreme situations, such as wars, natural disasters, pandemics. In Hong Kong, for instance, the Hong Kong market, they landed one of their first big sales during the SARS pandemic. And that was when most of their rivals were staying at home and sheltering in place during the pandemic. And they did the opposite. They basically, in their own words, ignored that a pandemic was going on and sort of met with their client as much as possible and won them over during that period.

And soon after SARS, we're able to win kind of a key order in the company's history. I think you also took- First stepping stones. You also talk in the book about like in Bahrain, I think it was during the Arab Spring and various other, or in Afghanistan too, like various times when everyone else was fleeing some sort of political turmoil, the salespeople just carried on business as usual and refused to flee? Yeah, yeah. I think Rhin told his staff at one point that the business they're in, it's not like selling donuts. They can't just leave whenever they want. And so much of their

business is in parts of the world that have seen wars, seen instability. And part of their promise to their customers, why they win these orders is they're making the promise they're going and be there. And so you see sort of like wartime pay for Huawei employees who are working in war zones. You see people who are having to take these personal risks. And that's part of Huawei's business model of how it's been able to become the world's number one maker of telecommunications equipment. Eva Doe, it's really an extraordinary book about an extraordinary company that explains much about the world. Thank you so much for coming on oddlaws. Thank you so much.

I do think that last point, Tracy, is really interesting. This idea of, like, you know, lots of companies is like, oh, we're a family, we make a big commitment to blah, blah, blah. But they sort of like prove it, like, and all the different examples of like literally, oh, we're just going to ignore SARS. We're just going to ignore the fact that there is some sort of civil war or crisis happening because we're going to focus on the sale. It really does seem like to establish that among your sales force, you actually really do have to sort of truly mission driven in a way that's beyond just cliche. Well, this is where I think the uniqueness of the mission is a really big competitive advantage, right? Because as Eva was pointing out, it's a privately held company. It's stated repeatedly that its mission includes profits, but also goes beyond just that.

And so when there's a crisis, it's not under pressure to cut back on costs or slow down expansion or pull out of specific market and things like that. It can keep going. That seems to be a pretty big competitive. advantage. Yeah, that's right. You know, like, Mao used to like, talk is like, oh, we have to, like, get the ideology first, right? We have to do the ideological stuff first. And I didn't really get it. But maybe this is, maybe this is a way of understanding it, which is that if we're going to talk about, like, having a good competitive sales culture, etc. It means nothing if you don't just, like, fully get people to, like, believe deeply, like in their bones, like, what this mission is. And it really is striking. Like, they just mop the floor within you, everyone in, like, the first 20 years of the, of the century. And I had really forgotten how varied and diverse that industry was up until like 15 years ago, basically. I guess drinking loads of Baiju obviously pays off. So we should do that. I gave you bad advice.

We should do that. No. No. Although you're bringing back all these memories of insane times in Japan. But there are all these tricks to avoid drinking in a group setting. Oh, I don't really like drinking. Can you tell me one? Well, like hard liquor, you can discreetly pour out in a point.

A plodded plant, which is something that I've done before. You could strike a secret agreement with the bartender to serve you water instead of shots, things like that. I'm not going to do that. I do want to try some eventually. Okay. Shall we leave it there? Let's leave it there. This has been another episode of the All Thoughts podcast.

I'm Tracy Alloway. You can follow me at Tracy Alloway. And I'm Jill Wisenthal. You can follow me at the stalwart. Follow our guest, Eva Doe. She's at Eva Doe. And check out her book, House of Huawei. follow our producers, Carmen Rodriguez, at Carmen Armin, Dashobennett at DashBot, and Kail Brooks at Kail Brooks.

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