Oh What A Time... - #109 Collapse (Part 1)

Episode Date: April 27, 2025

This week we’re taking a look at the moments in history when things went to pot. Come with us to see Louis Napoleon’s self-coup in mid-19th century France, the frequent dynastic collapses in China, plus: how the Ottoman Empire bit the dust.And why exactly did people look so old and knackered in the past; was everyone on a tough old paper round? Or something else? We don’t have the answers, but if you have theory, do send it on: [e-mail] you fancy a bunch of OWAT content you’ve never heard before, why not treat yourself and become an Oh What A Time: FULL TIMER?Up for grabs is:- two bonus episodes every month!- ad-free listening- episodes a week ahead of everyone else- And much moreSubscriptions are available via AnotherSlice and Wondery +. For all the links head to: ohwhatatime.comYou can also follow us on: X (formerly Twitter) at @ohwhatatimepodAnd Instagram at @ohwhatatimepodAaannnd if you like it, why not drop us a review in your podcast app of choice?Thank you to Dan Evans for the artwork (idrawforfood.co.uk).Chris, Elis and Tom xSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Wanderi Plus subscribers can listen to episodes of Oh What A Time early and ad free. Join Wanderi Plus in the Wanderi app or on Apple podcasts. Hello and welcome to Oh What A Time, the history podcast that asks important questions like this one. Why were people in the past looking so old when they were so young? Yeah, it's true though, isn't it? It is true. Is this mainly referring to the football stickers you sent around on our WhatsApp group earlier this week? Specifically a picture I saw of Jimmy Ledbetter. 33 looking late 70s. Yeah the TV farmer Ted Molton from the 1950s. There's an amazing picture of him and he's 29 and he looks considerably older. I looked really young when I was a teenager and because of the town I lived in there was a big underage drinking

culture like almost all towns I suppose. What was so frustrating was when I was 16 teenager. And because of the town I lived in, there was a big underage drinking culture, like almost all towns, I suppose. What was so frustrating was when I was 16 and everyone was getting served, I looked so young, the pubs used to draw the line at me. So we'd all go in, the barman would often say, I'll serve the rest of you, because you can pass for 15 or 16,

but the sort of, you know, the fetus in the t-shirt over there this guy you can pass for three years too young I draw the line at that and I said look at pictures of footballers in the 50s who were sort of 26 but looked 86 I said thank God I was just born 30 years too early yeah but you wanted to age you wanted to age faster if I was underage age faster. If I was underage drinking, yeah absolutely. If I was underage drinking in 1956 I'd have been served straight away. Jimmy Leadbear could have gone for a pint when he was four.

Yeah yeah yeah. Even the little kids look old. I follow a lot of those sort of social media accounts that would be like sort of East End urchins in the 1880s. And they'd be four years of age and the only thing that says that they're four is the fact that they're short. They're diminutive stature. They have faces. They look about 35. Telly looks very old for his age. Ray Parler. Have you seen the picture of him in the Arsenal youth team? He's about 13 and he looks like a bloke. It is hilarious. My understanding of the way people looked in the past is that you would look like a child until you were about eight and then suddenly you would look 50. And nobody looked like a teenager or in their twenties.

That was just skipped completely. And also they were all dressed like mini adults. Yeah. Yeah. My son's got a t-shirt that says world's best brother. He's got a t-shirt with a picture of a pineapple on it that says, I'm so fresh or something, right? Kids didn't wear clothes like that in the 1880s. They wore like little suits.

It's a good point about like the dress ages you, because I think, El, you sent a picture today, TV presenter Ted Malt, at 29, with a tweed jacket and a pipe. At 29, a tweed jacket and a pipe. 29! A tweed jacket. I don't own anything with tweed now, in my 40s. It's an interesting topic. If you have any pictures of people from the past who claim to be a teenager but look about 90s, send them in and we'll stick them on the ground. It's good stuff. And we'll stick some of the football images up as well because some of them are genuinely remarkable. They really are. Today's subject, should we

get into that first of all before we get into a bit of correspondence? What are we talking about today? Well, we are talking about sort of collapsed empires and the end of regimes. So I will be discussing the end of the Ottoman Empire. I am going to be talking about the end of Chinese dynasties. And I'm going to be talking about Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, not the main one, the nephew. The nephew who did a self-coop. Yes. Cool. We'll be hearing all about that. Yeah, self-coop is when you sort of house chickens, isn't it? Yeah. You knock one together in his garden out of some driftwood and a bit of

caging. That's very impressive actually. I'll leave it in. Leave it in. Oh I love that. I like a correction corner on the run. It's good. Just keep it in. I think it's also worth mentioning as we do this episode that I'm doing this episode and here's how brave I am. I'm doing it with Covid.

I did a test earlier. I had Covid and I said no boys, the show must go on. And you said there's no way you can do that. I said no, the show must go on. And you said, there's no way you can do that. I said, no, the listener must come first. And this is why Tom has to be nominated for the Podcast Bravery Award at this year's Podcast Awards. Yeah, absolutely.

It's a faint line, but it's there. And that faint line says, tomorrow is gonna be a horror show. It's going to get worse. So before we get into some history, let's do some correspondence. This is a message we've got. Now this is very modern. Via DM on Instagram, Marissa Jane Steere has got in contact with a lovely message actually. We've talked in the past about the fact that

people might have famous historical relatives and she has one that she'd like to present to us or at least someone she suspects might be. Hello everyone. Harping back to the spy catcher book you mentioned, now Chris talks about this, published as fiction but was banned for disclosing the British Secret Service's tactics. It caught my attention and so I bought a copy for my older brother for Christmas. He then said, oh, grandad's in this? I was briefly baffled and then many pennies started to drop. My brother added, yeah, he met Nana at Bletchley Park. She was a silver service waitress to top military and politicians and Grandad was doing the technology stuff and I remember him reading it and saying,

oh, that's me. And then I remembered, and I love this stuff, this is brilliant, this additional stuff, Grandad's hobbies were programming computer games on the ZX Spectrum for fun, developing his own photos in his spare room and building CB radios in the other spare room. The pennies were dropping. Grandad, a spy. What? That's what she's written. So she has her suspicions from reading this book and from speaking to other family members that her grandad was actually a spy. That is quite a cool historical relative there. Someone working in Bletchley Park on the technology. It would be so exciting to see a grandparent's name in a book like Spycatcher.

Absolutely. Especially a spy. So did I catch that the grandad didn't tell anyone he was a spy? No. They just kind of figured it out. Exactly, yeah. And Penny started to drop in the family. That's so intriguing! And she noticed the things that... she thought, oh wait a second, he needs to build these computers and develop photos in the spare room and all this sort of stuff. And he always

wrote in invisible ink as well, that was the thing. That was the main giveaway. Always turned up for dinner in a Groucho Marx mask. Yeah, always blending into a hedge like Homer Simpson. Every time he read a newspaper, two circles cut out. If you had to say that one of your family members can be extended with a spy, who do you think is most likely? Who are you going with? Is there anyone in your family you think could meet that? My uncle Barry had every James Bond film on VHS.

Good. And as a kid, that impressed me an uncomfortable amount. Yeah. And so, perfect spy training material. And if you were watching it with him, would he be saying things like, it's nothing like that? You'd never...

That's not how I'd do it. Yeah, I'd watch it with him and he'd go, yeah, that's the right way to do that. Okay, right. That's definitely the right way to escape in an underwater submarine with a bed in it. My son basically says everything he thinks. Okay, which would make him a terrible spy. Smebe actually is an enormous double bluff and he's the greatest spy to have ever lived, age six.

Do you imagine that Stefan grows up, becomes a spy, but doesn't tell you about his career? You're just like, what are you doing? Oh, just middle management, I work in accounting or something. Yeah. And he's actually a spy. You really feel a, what you're doing? Oh, just a middle management, I work in accounting or something. And he's actually a spy. You really feel a bit cheated as a parent. I work in a shop. And that's that. That must be the most exhausting part of the whole charade, is coming home and telling your wife or husband or partner about your made up day, where you're a teaching assistant in a primary school and you're having to come up with funny things the kids have done.

Just every day it's like, oh god, what's the story from today? God, it must be exhausting. Or do you think, well, she's not going to tell anyone? Yeah. Izzy's not going to tell anyone? So you just go home and you're like, oh my god and then there were guns everywhere and then I was shooting loads and I got all the big files and then I assassinated the bloke and then I came home and now I'm here. And

to be honest, oh I just quite fancy watching some telly. Is there anything good on Netflix? Also the good thing for us, Al, is that Izzy and Claire are not remotely interested in anything we do in our working lives. No. So there'd never be any questions asked. Oh, no, no. There'd be no need to explain what I've been up to. I don't think I've ever been asked.

She even refers to the Socially Distant Sports Bar, one of my other podcasts on the Wondering Network, like this one, by a completely different name to everyone else. Right. So you either call it the Socially Distant Sports Bar if you're doing the full name, or everyone else refers to it as Distant Pod. Apart from Izzy who always goes, oh are you recording? Sports Bar? I mean that's how little it's impacted on her life. Sports? Sports Bar? What about you Chris? So do you think you'd get away with it? Or do you think Sophie would

start asking questions? I just, I don't see how anyone could get away with it. I just checked. You're not allowed to tell anyone you're a spy unless that person has the proper security clearance. So you couldn't tell your wife if she didn't have security clearance. You couldn't tell your family unless they had it. I don't understand how can you maintain that day after day? You're living a completely different life on the slide, it's mad. I couldn't get away with it. But then I suppose they're looking for people with that mindset and there's a reason that we've never been tapped up as a three. At no point has MI5 thought, do you know who we should speak to?

It's those three. Are you just tusson and you don't tell your partner anything? Or are you a liar? I think you've got to be a liar, haven't you? How can you not say anything? Where have you been all day? I can't tell you. Yeah, I agree. I think you have to fib because I think to refuse to say anything about your working day feels like a bit of a relationship issue, doesn't it really? Make you seem a bit closed. The problem with fibbing is it's hard to maintain a mega fib. Oh man, the ultimate mega fib. It's supposed to be like having an affair, wouldn't it?

I think your best bet, L, is to have a come up with a job which is so boring no questions will be asked after the first date. But you'd be doing like spy stuff. Yeah. Which from what I'm led to believe you'd be coming back with like a smoking gun in a tuxedo with lipstick all over your collar from what I've seen on the television. It also also be the inevitable day when your partner opens your briefcase, you claim you take to an accounting firm and it has a grappling hook in it. Then you have to explain why. You'll claim it's because some of the files are really high up. adjacent and you know how it works please send it from a redacted email but let us know. Yeah give us an example how do you live your life? Can you tell your husband or wife or your partner or whatever? In practice Steve the Spy at Mi5.com has got in contact to say.

I just think of like a spy like especially like Mi6 where you've got to work abroad you'll be saying to your wife I've got to work away. You'll be saying to your wife, I've got to work away for a week as a conference. And then you'll be in like, Tora Bora, like running around with a machine gun, riding goats or whatever. I'm a terrible liar as well. How was work today? Good. What did you get up to? Emails. Who are you with? My trusted colleagues. There's also the awful moment, Elwa.

You are killed at work as a spy. You're chasing someone. She thinks you work for McVitie. And then someone you work with is having to ring up and keep the accounting thing going, but to say unfortunately you were killed at work at an accounting firm. We fell under a fax machine. Yeah, exactly. I'm so sorry.

But surely also if you die in the course of being a spy, do they turn up and go, all right, we admit he was a spy? Or do they go, yeah, he died in a horrible Excel accident with his spreadsheet? Well, that stuff is concealed, isn't it? Famously. I mean, how can you juggle work with being with kids if you're a spy? I'm not gonna do it. I'm not gonna explore it. I've decided now it's not for me. Oh god she's reading out at the Harvest Festival. I can't spy

today or tomorrow. Sorry. If anyone here is a spy as Ellis says do contact KnockTogether a fake email address, get in contact and tell us about what your life is like. You know, I've seen Bond. I've even read some of Ian Fleming's books. I've read some John Locari books. And I've read Spycatcher. But I can't work out what he's actually like. Because I don't know what to believe from what. Next subscriber special, we need to read a spy book. Let's try and get a more modern take on what spying actually means these days.

And for now, shall we move on to something we do know about, which is three heavily researched sections on... On what is the subject area again? It is... Societal collapses. Societal collapse. Well, brilliant. Well, I mean, so much to get in contact with us about.

And if you want to do that, hit us up on our email Here's how All right, you horrible look Here's how you can stay in touch with the show you can email us at hello at oh what a time dot com and You can follow us on Instagram and Twitter at oh what a time, Pud. Now clear off. So this week we're talking about societal collapse. Boys, what are you talking about?

I am talking about the end of the Ottoman Empire. And I'm going to be talking about the end of dynasties in China. But now we're heading off to France. Yes, back, back in time. But actually before we do that, it's an age old question in politics. How do you stay in power when the rules say your time is up? And obviously this is quite timely because Donald Trump is running around saying I want a third term, even though the constitution says you can't have one. But Donald Trump is not the first person to flirt with bending the rules for more time in the spotlight. And history is full of leaders who have tried to rewrite the script mid show.

Fergie time for a start. Tapping the watch going another four minutes, another six minutes, another four years. Exactly. So, yes, there's lots of examples through history of strong men rewriting the rules and staging self-coos, from Yeltsin to Hitler, basically taking over the very system they were elected to lead. But arguably, the best person, or the most successful person

to have performed a self-coo is not Napoleon Bonaparte, but his nephew, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte but his nephew Louis Napoleon Bonaparte the man who turned a fledgling Republic into an empire one night in 1852. But let's start our story with the downfall of his uncle Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo in 1815. The thing that again every time I think about Waterloo I just think about the stories from the soldiers of hundreds of bodies just left, blitzed all over the battlefield like crying into the night because there was no nurses on hand to heal their wounds and there was great shot and all sorts of horrendous battle at Waterloo. And of course,

Bonaparte flees and then France essentially for a long time just bounces between monarchies and republics. And for a while after Napoleon, kings were back in fashion. We had Louis XVIII and then Charles X who was an ultra-conservative who made sacrilege a capital crime again. Talking about Louis XVIII, people are thinking that that's too many Louies. We need some more names. Buy one of those baby name books. That has like the 200 hottest names of whatever it would have been. Yeah, of 1800.

1800, yeah. Exactly. It's right with these French kings, because I'd say eight is the limit. Henry VIII. Henry VIII. Fine. Henry's a decent name. Yeah. But if it was Henry XVIII, you're like, we've got to introduce

a bit of diversity into this. A contemporary thing that I don't like as well, and a lot of boxers seem to do this, it'll be name of dad and then the son is Junior, the same name but with Junior. Yeah. Not a fan of that really, I'm not really into that. No, you're not having that?

No, I don't like, I'm not, it feels like a bit of an ego trip on the part of the father. Well I don't like myself enough to call my son Ellis Junior. I don't want him to beat my mistakes. My grandad traced the Skull family tree right back to like 1600s and there was about 200 years of Charles Skulls and then about 1900 they, they just went, ah, that's enough. At any point, were you SKU double L? Not that I've seen. Because that's a completely different look, isn't it? Yeah.

Bit more hardcore. Yeah. Sort of Viking. Yeah. So let's go back to just after the Battle of Waterloo. So we had Louis XVIII came in, Charles X, high numbers then Louis the 10th, yeah, he cracked down on sacrilege and made it a capital crime again, which if you're a subscriber, I know what a time full timer, you would have heard Simon Sharman's Citizens, of which we did a book review and know that

that was kind of the point of the French Revolution, doing away with the church as a power. So sacrilege being a capital crime again, didn't go down very well. And the other thing that Charles X did, he gave payouts to aristocrats who were bitter about the French Revolution. So unsurprisingly, 1830, the people go, get out. Enter Louis Philippe, the so-called citizen king. Now Louis Philippe on paper, I think, is actually the ideal monarch. So Louis Philippe turns up and he says, I want to have a constitutional approach to monarchy. I'm going to be a moderate. Okay.

Call me Philippe. That's a good start. That crown thing, I don't need it. I'll just wear a suit. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Fine. So he wanted a constitutional monarchy. He was from the House of Orleans. His father, the Duke de Orleans, had actually supported the revolution, but nonetheless got his head chopped off during the Reign of Terror. Again, do check out the subscriber episode on the Citizen's. Simon Schant want to learn more about that. The Jacobins basically didn't trust anyone with royal blood, so the Duc d'Or liens, head gone 1793. But Louis Philippe wanted to calm things down. But over time,

after multiple assassination attempts which he survived, he grew more and more paranoid and started leaning rightward. And by 1848, the public had had enough and he incurred basically another revolution. This is one thing about the French Revolution. It just goes on and on and on. But 1848 there's another one, another revolution. Louis Philippe abdicates in favour of his nine-year-old grandson. Whenever this happens in any monarchy,

it just appears so absurd. Can you imagine if Keir Starmer's nine-year-old son suddenly became Prime Minister? Yeah. Like you've if Keir Starmer's nine-year-old son suddenly became Prime Minister? Yeah. Like you've got a revolution breaking out. Do not push your nine-year-old grandson out and go, he'll sort this. It's basically what happened. Although if everyone's having their heads chopped off left, right and centre, then maybe there's an element of like, we can't be any worse, can it? Let's give the kid a shot. Let's hear what the kid has to say.

Exactly, yeah. Sadly, didn't work out. People weren't interested in royalty anymore. The monarchy was done and that gave birth to the Second Republic. Enter Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte had been exiled in Britain

for years, known as being the nephew of Napoleon. That's why he was exiled basically. He returned to France in December 1848, just in time for the presidential election. The first time the French could ever directly elect their leader and he smashed it. These were his promises. Would you vote for him? He says, more jobs, I'll dish out loads of cheap loans, we'll have tax cuts and I'll build some infrastructure.

Love it. What's not to like? I'm in. Ding ding ding. Great. He won 75% of the vote and Rue of France, who was still romanticising the Napoleonic era, rallied behind him. But he gets into power, hits a wall and that wall is the National Assembly, which is the

Republican body that actually held the keys to governance. And Napoleon, Louis Napoleon, didn't like sharing. So we go to the second of December 1851, a move straight out of Caesar's playbook. He launched a self-coup codenamed Operation Rubicon, which itself was a nod to Caesar crossing the Rubicon River, igniting the civil war in Rome. And a nod to the tropical drink that everyone loves. That's all right. Which he invented, of course. Yeah, absolutely. Do you think anyone in, like, revolutionary France tasted a mango?

When was the mango? I don't really remember mangoes. Well, how far did people travel at that point? Well, I didn't taste until I was 25. Yeah. Really? That's in the mid-2000s. What, you tasted mango before your 20s?

Actually, it probably wasn't much before that. I imagine maybe 22, somewhere like that. Just shaded it slightly. One nil. Yeah. Tom, I'm going to take you back to the National Assembly in France in 1851. I'm going to say to you, you've got to bring with you one drink purchased from your local news agent in 2025 to amaze the taste buds of people in 1851 what you take.

I know immediately what it is. And I love it. Can I guess? Yeah. Lucasate. No. Awful. Are you saying that because I've got Covid? I'm trying to see you immediately go for something. No, it's not custard. It's a Mars milk. I love Mars milk. Have you had it? Do you know what? No. Do you know what could really throw a cat muck's pigeons?

Red Bull. All that monster. Imagine introducing monster to revolutionary frats. They don't clean up as it is. Yeah. Tom, you've got to go for something fizzy. Even your choice of drink, you can pick anything. You've gone for something that's pretty close to custard. It's delicious, it's absolutely delicious. And now it comes to sort of like a sports bottle, it's a weird choice. I don't know why. Sports bottle?

It's a GFC doing five a side and having Mars Milk doing it. Bizarre choice but I love it. I would have accepted. Lucas aid, Lilt, Iron Brew. Ginger beer? Yeah, ginger beer. I suppose it's a bit like, they would have had beer wouldn't they? And then I've had chocolate surely. Mars book is not going to be that shocking. Anyway do let us know if you've got an idea.

Imagine a Jägerbomb in Revolutionary France. Yeah so back to Operation Rubicon. So Louis, Napoleon, he dissolves the National Assembly, he shuts down the Republic and he says I am Emperor on the exact anniversary of Napoleon Bonaparte's coronation in 1804. The Republic falls, the Empire rises, and the only person putting up a fight is a little fella, you might know him, our friend Victor Hugo.

Yes, the author of Les Miserables is the one guy in the Assembly who is the most vocal critic of Louis Napoleon. He tried to organise resistance, but the army was loyal to the coup and some would say a little too fond of the wine. So Hugo fled to Brussels and declared Louis Napoleon a traitor from exile and just wrote a lovely old musical about him. Instead, that'll learn him. Okay. Instead, that'll learn him. OK. But three weeks later, we get Louis Napoleon's constitutional referendum to ratify the coup. 92% said yes.

However, how did they get to that number? What's your guess on how they got to 92%? In terms of the counting of the ballots, you mean? How did Louis manage to get a 92% yes? Oh, prevented a secret ballot, presumably. mean or the... How did Louis manage to get a 92% yes? Oh, prevented a secret ballot presumably and you'd devote in front of him or something. No, the state only printed yes ballots. If you wanted to vote no, you had to bring your own ballot. Wow.

That is hilarious. That is so funny. You had to do a bit of arts and crafts if you wanted to vote no. And with that in mind, 92% isn't that impressive. No, no, I agree. Yeah. It feels like there should be an absolute 100% landslide. 8% got the Pritt sticker. Also, this is a time when people didn't... I mean, we don't have paper and pen, all this sort of stuff in the same way that everyone does now with a desk full of the stuff. There's kind of, you know,

there's a lot of effort that would go into getting the materials for a ballot, comparatively, I guess. Yeah. That's remarkable. There's no Woolworths or PC World where you can get a big stack of that printable A4. Exactly, yeah. Wow. Okay. Also, women couldn't vote in the referendum. They banned women from voting as well. So you had to be a man and you had to make your own ballot in order to vote no.

Okay, so there's flaws in this system. Pretty big flaws. Yes. But on paper, it looked legit. The Second Republic was officially dead and the Second Empire was born. Louis Napoleon became Emperor Napoleon III. But of course, like all empires, this one crumbled. Lou Napoleon ruled until 1870

when the Franco-Prussian War rolled in like a storm. Napoleon III was captured, imprisoned, and eventually exiled to Britain. And this is a strange footnote to his story, where he died in Chislehurst in 1873. Just near... Will Barron Near West Ham's training ground. Near the local pub. I'll tell you that, it finally is right back for West Ham. Yeah. Wow. Yeah, and then Lou Napoleon's nemesis Victor Hugo returned to Paris in triumph, where

he lived until his own death in 1885. The problem with doing things like only printing the yes ballot. We used to find that really funny five or six years ago but now we're just giving strong men populist leaders ideas. It's crazy isn't it? Like there are leaders out there who are like that sounds really good actually. I'm gonna do that. Do you know what I find fascinating with like, you take Vladimir Putin, for example, he still goes through the dance of having a vote. That surprises me.

Like, do you even, why do the dance? It's almost like they know there has to be an element of democracy. Like you have to have the charade of it. Even though it's a complete mess. Well, I suppose it's to some extent the optics or any kind of international relations, isn't it? That's what it is. When it's viewed from the outside, it seems like it's some kind of system of vague merit. We're having a hall painted, and I went through the dance of asking the kids what colours they wanted the hall to be painted in. I asked them, I claimed it was a listening exercise and I

ignored what they said because the house would look horrific. After three hours of searching you can't buy striped paint, is that right Al? Oh that was my son's idea. He was like, easy, just a rainbow. I'm not living in a rainbow hall. Can I ask you about the logic of that? Why are you evolving that in that discussion if you're then going to completely get rid of their ideas? What's your thought process there? Because they were in the living room when Izzy and I were discussing it. I was like,

hey, come on, it's an assembly, it's an open platform, let's get some ideas out. No and no, yep, fine as he, let's sign that off and let's buy our one. So after Napoleon III went, France had one last go at a republic, the Third Republic, which lasted until 1940 when another bloke who had done his own self-coup, Adolf Hitler, rolled in with Nazi Germany and ended the Third Republic in that year, 1940. Wow, what a time to be alive. So if you're wondering whether elected leaders have always respected term limits, the answer is absolutely not. Well there you go, that's the end of part one. Don't forget, if you want part two right now, you just simply have to hear more about societal

collapses. You can become an Owater Time full-timer, where you get two bonus episodes every month. And we've just touched on a bit there of the French Revolution. There is a book review of Citizens by Simon Sharma, lots of brilliant book reviews on our subscription, plus also loads of your letters where we cover more of your correspondence. If you wanna get those episodes and episodes a week early, you can head over to owattertime.com

and sign up via Wondery Plus or another slice. But otherwise, we'll see you tomorrow for part two. Bye. Bye. Bye! Follow Oh What A Time on the Wondry app, Amazon Music or wherever you get your podcasts. You can listen early and ad-free right now by joining Wondry Plus in the Wondry app or on Apple podcasts. And before you go, tell us about yourself by completing a short survey at Wondry.com slash survey.