Ottoman History Podcast - Osmanlı’nın Bağdat’taki Son Yılları

Episode Date: December 25, 2025

Emine Şahin Sunucu: Can Gümüş | Bağdat, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu için coğrafi uzaklığına rağmen merkezî idarenin vazgeçilmez vilayetlerinden biriydi. Tanzimat’tan itibaren bu önem, yalnızca askerî güvenlik veya sınır politikalarıyla sınırlı kalmadı; idarî modernleşme, ekonomik düzenlemeler ve toplumsal kontrol mekanizmalarının uygulandığı başlıca laboratuvarlardan biri haline geldi. II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanı ise bu denemeleri daha iddialı, daha sert ve daha merkezî bir siyasi programa dönüştürdü. Bu bölümde, Dr. Emine Şahin’le birlikte 1908–1917 arasında Bağdat’ta Osmanlı idaresinin dönüşümünü inceliyoruz. Merkezileşme politikalarının sahada nasıl uygulandığını, hangi aktörler aracılığıyla yürütüldüğünü ve yerel toplum tarafından nasıl karşılandığını tartışıyoruz. « Click for More »

The Autumn Ministry podcast's I'm Jan Goumish. Today's Duke University, Tarrief Volume, Aritim, Uynessy, Dr. Eminey-Shahin. Thank you, Emily. Thank you, Dr. Shahin with. Today, Dr. Shahinne, in 2024-year-in-in-year-in-in-old Ottoman-a-Datting son years,

in the second-mechrutuett-dunem in Baghdad-to-Ozmanlii-I-I-Rishthares. Emine, in two-mechrutti-Net in Osmani-initment, how'd? Ombudsaw-interned, what-the-actorsed? This ishaught-interned about it, sohpetimists, but general a figure-vermerected in baddhatt-Vilayetian-I-I-I-Earcese and and the management zigniating

for the realtyeces, nelighter, let us. Let's say this. Badaat Vilayette balked we're in, actually, osmanly

in the think of the thought of a way of course metaphor as a lot of a lot of means,

Iraq and Badaat used. So, like, uh, soaaa and in Badaat.

But, back time, this time, this the Middle Dohawnan a snor-comfusus, a, a new-day-upist a way-of-and-a-simgelless but,

idari-in-an-as-man, in the in the heart-o-o-n't- in-the-art-o- part-a-lis-a- one. I mean, a perifery on, because

the geography from, a-kerect and, a-ir-Nihri-Nihri-Nihri- -nir-art, a part-tarm-lick-as-earned an area, a-snir-sign-lis-old It's a lot of control

had been a place. This is then, you know, like this time, this periferi algues, this

usactly algues, actually the there's, but it'shary in mind, but in the 18th year from PEDAR,

pey, feteed about about Badaat, especially, the 19th year from back to about, baddad

a lot much a very point to looksel. So, I mean, the Iraq, in Iraq, in, you

in the classed, we're, Baghdad, actually, Eshitsler Arrists in the first-in-over-cumand-lawing. One-year-old-cumand-lawing. Then, 13-co-old-cumand-lundly,

again, the same way, merquez-olde in bad-Datine in order. So, in other other places, order, Oortadoon,

an important Middle-O-Nan through, you know, suveh can't be able, over, and the other than before other than,

but, but the, but the both-Lectsard-Nazer is very a place a place. Because,

this is in Englander in the indistana a lot of one of the one of the point in the

reason why there's also more than we're going to but it's also important valalieling where we're

going to and in the in the in the government and we're looking we're looking a lot of

a lot of especially in this reason why this is the reason why the indary amount of a little too

a little too a lot of Baghdad. And, especially this miscarly after the Baghdad's in the Uyraan,

the Uruk in, the URAC in the URAC does it, because there's actually verymly and farmally, a lot of

sulomaily a part of the time. This is then there's an orderly in the second MISR

and a time in Badaat Valiiiiiiiii, this generally as general as we're in the U.S. the U.S.

the U.S. U.S. it was an Baghdad. You, actually, a little bit a lot of Osmannedly

government's time in the badat administration the things more easily about a little more

before, tanzimat and second ablomit time maybe might be able. This these don't

about it. About it, about it about it. You know, actually, you're just, you've been

a marketeachment giveishment. Mercealceeachm in every time in three don't know one of three times.

Merkezeelection a work also, the, actually, some, the marketelection to be a different

coverish are every time. These how much would? And I'm the second Mechrutuette

in the baddard indaries how ever said. Tanzimat time in a mercee

chabasm there, we know us which 1830 from it's about about and it

baudat vileat vallies and and the balililers and the balsomat reformers

after after after actually termions in 1839 in 1839 in 1839 termin in badat

to in baddatt to It was possible It was possible in other vilayette's in different times in Baddatt to

in 1850s in it it's in factimate reformed we're there's. There are valer's a chabalial

and nafial and vilaiety calcundur and Namuk Paa and Takyyuttypah and Guzzluclii

Pasha and some valilers there are but very very vali giving deveree actually

1869 in 1869 in 1869 in badat Vilaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii get to Mittat-Pha Tanzent

reformers and, here, Tanzimat's father as a person, Mithat-Pashan in Badat Vilayat in in a lot of oldcuhon a slat-challishments

and reform-challings. One case, first, first, the vilayet-nizam-namesi and deveree, and Vailet-Nismanmesi, and, I mean,

Osman's own during, the time, the, I'm, the, I'm, a-lis-o- and-Mach-San-A-Sach-a- and Nahiya

in. After the toprak reform, you know, the Arazi canunnamess use, and Mittat-Pasha

actually a use of a use of course, and it's a lot of making, Mittat-Pashel with it

there, but this Mittat-Pash with an part-and- also the part-and- people who people who

not, the, and in-of-sach- -sach-of-as- in-a- new, a new- top-reforma- order-to-

put you. And, a merqueshilech-eishme challenge in the we're sure this. Tanzimate

this is, yes, valilers and their legions and hathletes backlick, the same same way

is going to mean, the marquisite indirees, there's there's not getting any of the

authority, the d'Ares, the valilers in reale there's being a marcealelishmah from,

Badaatat. The 2th Abduomit D'emmint in the second Abdullumitin generally a kind of a

personal yet-each-an-lawy and there. And, that's the Basra Vilayetit Bursa-gible unites.

So, every vilaiet kind of has cricklery and, kind of house-is- getting

really to think it, and this also, Badaat Vilat Vilaiety a very a great-Merkech

policy to take it. The 2nd Abdu-Numut time in the beginning such like, so like,

the Balkan-Lak with a great-of- top-gob-ya- and arap- vilayetler, a little a position

to usellar. This is the Arab vililaiety the right and the proletters, Valdi,

but, but the tanzimat time and this time, the exhraff, he'll

this actually actually, the dahlia nezarting, the adhallye nezarting, and

ma'aean and in tajra ars and direct a reason why because, because,

2th, Abduimit should I think I mean we can't we're able able to

in the part of the in a kind of a kind of a big mutelical, there's

more to cause to surqueque and the otherkla and ashraf with sure and ashrapp

and drawl and the problem to get to the problem and it and any any kind of

sort of in any any sort of when he's the vali of the vali of

taking it like it like a political take up. This is, this, kind of a

past a sub-ir- policy is a time in a year-year-old ought to say it's much, a bit of course

we're in aft when we'reaute in the second-o-Mut time in, in a shiretel in ushabiling sawlanding that we're making,

we're not there are, but other times times we're going to we're castling we're making, we're making us,

we're making, we're making, and one of One of the vallelder in, in the Badaat-Vilayat in the way of course, a lot of autonomy-curemberg, too, Abdulyt. This is, this ishraff with a close-temas-cruy. And eshraffin-doin-doin-lawness in this way. Second-mechruti-diet-dunement-in to getchaucing in Bahad-Vilayet in,

here, there's a tanzimata-dunuch-politicisman politics in It's true we're going to show them we need to say We need a second-mechiorate-duneration, I'm going to know, 2009-19-17 years-ar-arers. Now, this time, yek-pare-by-your-government we're eke-pare-by-law. 19-19-10-farkly. 12-de-13-the-farkly.

Because, kimis-in, IITATTERC, in-TRAQi-Gemieti-in-ment, kimim-in-a-pals-durma-old and during, and 19-13-sa, actually, time, actually, in the time a act of

this time this time this kind of a lot of we're not we're not

we're not we're in we're in the second mechrut time in the management time in the

time in the valilelel policy policy in badat village and this reason and the country to

muctedir valilary genish harker and imtislar and generally and generally these valil

these valilar asker kokes and this is the second order of the Badaat Vali, they're together

run with them. Kim, they're a couple example, Husein Nazim-Pasham. Ardindind, he's very much knowned-of-Pach-Pash-an

one one thing, Cemalpa-Pas, who ismerely, Suley-Nazif, gonders, so, the time, the time, the time,

and the, bad-at-vilat Vailateh to, genish yetkkieled and got into and here, and here, the first thing,

the shraffin'n grueinging churned, especially, I'd, Iraqi community in planed in the

time. Eshrafing the un-planned what are they're doing they're doing they're

they're they're in they're doing they're and they're doing they're and they're so far,

Arab-Milieter people, and yeah, this policy and they're doing they're they're in a mercealely

and memurlar and emmurals and the and ashrafing under how much they're how much

they're much they're there, this partishable there are actually actifelel they're

but at the Ural Mejristers, the vali's care-verme gettysin art-y-laws. This is also here in a shraff-la, muter-an-an-a-chatishma yeah.

Thank you. Actually, in the different actors, especially, sheff-lo-old, especially, uh, and the,

um, marquisie-is-I-lis-lis- that-is-est-ed-lis-lis-lis-a-lis-lis-a-lis-lis-a-lis-lis-a-lundersersersers-old, and other we're we're in this

the time, the time in the particular chattisement, I'm in, I'm in the term, I'm, I'm in the

time with, abdumit time with, the, the real chattisement to do the practicals and the

final of the one of the time is, the TETKi Tensikat Commission. What is this commission?

This commission bureaucracy, bureaucracy, Rekek and and the community, under

us the decicicat given isimler in the same passive-ed getting in we're in

we're in the second-mehustate-dunem in the plan-sicely in particular, 19-19-t time in itibar back, we're

making, we're consul-in-and- second-A-dol- time in-sid-a-d government-in-a-sit- more-the-lis-a-lety a system order to put me-

and that's and that's-eckety- people-and-a- in-mmimurriety- and bureaucracy-temes temislemey I'm trying. But,

sure there's a community, a good community, and I'm in the Uzzalachmich

time with being in some some of some of the people, why because Ithat Teraki

community has a sub-suette and yetish element, yetish element, he's not, the old,

the end up going to be a case in, again, hepsi with, hepsi with, I'm,

with a new regime order to make, new a new regime order to make it very

quite quite going to them in back in 2009 in 2009 in 2009 in the baddett

in a statekeeky tenisicat commusion and mercecee a national

there are in the general some there are nine years and

topal 181 people and I'm I'm perhaps I'm

on the one of the first middell whether it and or if irate

either or either or other any other Actually, Tensikat Deftery,

I'm rassleding the first time Gondh end up. I mean, we, Badaat Vilayetina, a tensikat deftary there.

I've been not seen. This is also very important people are we're doing with what's the government and

why we're doing and why we're going to bea such, irtikap and bachshish, fisk and Iyshlet,

age-lick like a, a certain people, what are what means, what are most,

most, unlicable, our listeners for our lives. Of course. I mean, kind of so much,

but heuching has made, bachishish al-and-as- and rush-ed- and, you know, alcohol-culled for-as-lick

and ay-yash-lick a-as-lick, a-as-lake- thesemere-est-lis- and-sim-lis-lis--er-sut- and mutas-riff-a-lis-lis-lis-er-sut-er-surlis-er-sru-lis-er-srued There are, like, a long list of. But, it's interesting thing

is there. Second-mechudite-dunem-unit-duneration, tasvi-ed-atted people. Especially, I-age-like-old-un-suelly-surelough-sureloughed one-suelly-suelly-suebothered. Aynne-Simbering, the same-the-mechut-duneruneration, the same way we're doing. Meshther-Therakki-Gem-Eat-Therakki-Gemieting

in, bad-lawed, Baghdad from, at the center of telegraphs Gondered, and Fahimbech-shek-ed-ed-died-ed-lid-lid. Why, in Ramadan-a-alkal and cigarette-culled for, you know, actually, actually,

the one-suredue, the reason is that one-one's one thing, and interesting way, and every other other side, the same time,

the same, you're saying as you're saying like, actually a, actually a, actually, a good-n-n- in-n-n-n-n-

-in-in-in- in-law-eat-V-V-I-Eight in and 19-13-14-to-de-cada-cada-down-in-by-hocic-cris. Because, it's a-dava-a-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-hack-a-ha-hack-a-ha-hack-a-ha-hack-a-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-a-old. Hatt-a-old, even-a-law-a-a-old, you know, in-19-old, in-law-a-law-a-old, in-olde, in-law-a-law-a-law-law-a-law-a-law-law-a-old. Yereral-a-a-old, and this commission-a-law-old, and,

Istanbul from notamah because Nazimpache this when he's sort of you know how much

kind of kind of kind of kind of sort of I'm there's and I'm

very much good enough and yetkiel given and there's and 180 181 people

again give over this a great a crisis hasatio because Hussain

Nazim Pacia a a little after a question over over this time

this time they're they're they're they're but the commission

has been able and this and all all over all different we're we're asked

we're asking Mr. Hussain-ferit a bit of 1913 about the davas surdh

there's another Abdurizak there was 1912 13 years in in 1912

13 years and he's and he given us and we can't you know this

and this consulmation and he's there and also we have we all

we're in this this in this some there is So, I mean, this tasphere in,

this hockey problems, actually the defiant is actually the fact of the in the way of it. Actually, inzer practices

in the anzimat in the time in, Abdulemit in the time in the second-mechutriot in-dunement to do it is also

interesting. I think it the book of the end-in- bad-Dat-initle- while, especially, the,

out-in-and- one-and-the- Ashrafing-Netimd and the top-lom-o-o-o-lety- role. Of, Eshraff, actually, Mercise-Ilechme

in time, a turnic into problem as long as time-z-a-dell a, a co-operation un-usur as a group. You, this,

this time, the time of the issue, how do you can't, in the second-mechrutiate in-Badat in. And, also,

also, the, I-T-C-C-in- whereforeforeforefore what, and do you can't give-lisies. And,

this don't, you, to You've mentioned, Millietchility in the time, this year's year's

year's in the first of the millietchel in the community in where in the

badat Vylat Vilayat elit first who's kind of we're

about about Vodat Vilaiety in in the community in the community,

a kind of a kind of kind of kind of or a kind of

and the tucer on them actually mooteperan and on plan and

Eshraf of going to get us. The one the end the end

the same and we're the top part of the acybal al-asas al-asas al-a-asas

there, Abduu-Haw Rudey there, this ismns plan to the end-planner, and the

community-in-Nufus with, I mean, Seid-A-M-P-Ram- like, on-P-L-Lap and a-lety and

very top-lark and so-P-L-L-D-E-Sadel like, this way, this kind of, on plan an eshraff

so question. Now, Eshraf with the general the authority of

and the and the and the management with the people in the people's

the and it's the the valian the the policy. So,

the so it is a fact, the of the and, the

and, the soooment and, in, the the community,

the the world, the And we've, you know, the kitap to mostly say,

Baghdalalern sound of course. But here, there's too mutereran casted over. So, I mean,

the same amount demiselsels about, we're talking, we're talking about, we're talking, we're doing, actually,

this time, this time, the second mehutriot -dunement, this, the relationship, not,

but, it's, it's, it's, a bit of, a bit of, Look, we're saying, Seid Abduramaan's Gerevon's in order,

the head header's going to gorevelde, again a beledi, Azizade Issa, goreveverver, but these things, the same time, and devisabuk

time when, and a type of imtisement, and yetchialer, I mean, the new, merceiietchichich policy to,

a great-doch over-out-of- a record. This is, this is different communities are making They're going to show them.

Now, I'm going to 1908, the community community, we're not. Because, that's a Arab-Miliatechility unlawishy not. So, the first. Meshver,

Meshver, called, in a year, in a while, inklaping in elaned in this a couple of years in the community

in the community community's, the actual am I the Arab-Miliateshieling or so much or like a araplar-related a plan or a new

and a project actually. The community's intersendeked the government's the same the same

the time and 1912 in 1912 in it's in Arab-Nliate to over eviling a year-of-

emissiar community after fernicicic furqqqq there in this time. And then Hurriette

and itelaf fricassina part of it. And sounnook and the chraffin on the

insimlerin in the friolara in the fri-o- they're they're in the

And the people who arelicly on them, is, the frugals to make the furs, we're in the Arab

millietchik kimlii in 1912 it's in especially Ennadul Vatunil Ilmi called in a

cultural culture in Turkish to a community with actually more a plan to we're going

we're using. Solemn't the Arab-Ulusu and a, localesal aubesal

a Arab Militchillie, first, I'm Iraq and the Adatl and Iraqulul the word

words using. I mean, Osmanly Wattanda being in other than a Iraqly

in particular in 1912 it in 1912 and after and in 1913 to we're in Paris Barish

Congress and the Arablar in the Paris Barish Congress and then the Arablar and

the Arablar and after the firstakil during the World War's in 1914th. This Arab

community in the Islamieting together toplaner And, now, the Ottomanly with a future

and they're and that's a very a good state, a particular, a very a issue in getting into into

we're doing. This is a little bit of al-Agh community, there is Aissel Al-Misri who is a

community. This is the community, the bestee baddatted subayers were, especially.

Azizeli al-Misri is actually Osmond's actually Osmanda an government than a different government, a different,

a federal a government, a, Arab-devlete a government-like a government to create, I'm in the

great-Nepar-Lew actually it, but the First-Dun-Sawash when the First-Dun-Sawash when, the A-Rap-alachan thinking and a-is-ion-

and signallers and they're and the people, and the people are, the group of us, top-lake-all- about us,

we're in-N-19-1-17 around-send-ir- interfaith relationship and Arab-Millietchility's denou, Merceal-Eleashment policy on, in 1912, especially Balkan-Arbis

on the second, a Arab-Miliate-in ever-inish-in in, Bahad, Vailet in. Of, Merce-Ileashmend talking,

ashertellate- in, or the country-boh- in-the-the- community-as-as- -a-lis-a-lis- -lis-a-lis-lis-

more-lis-cap-lis-lis- and, we're a lot of ushraf in the way of the head of time assyrettler cooperated and

time in time time in isla and iskihan chabbalarer and rather than bad at badgat in the second-mechutiet

in the government and the government and the issue and the government and not you

say you can't yeshirt the shirate siacety so catmannly did you very partial in the second

mechuteuteute in the but again general in a general a general bit back If I'd say, mechrutiate

management the assyrettler under the thing is the the same the end of the same thing, the reason why

the assyletters sayable and going to be a lot of politics, there's actually Racheat Kassavon's

very book about, gochebelic under, modern government's government and assyretes and the

time, we're talking about we're talking about, half-gocebe assyretel, I mean, years, in the years,

they're, and the cultural They're in a local area. However, control edelmell in the city-dil and in the

Iraq Kittasinda, in Basra, Musul and Baghdad in the state, Baghdad, in far asheal city, but also, but

the vilaiet in big casein in the cursal, and in a way-gocheb and a way, we're

living, in the years, the first years, I, you know, the system didn't, the time,

a loti-lety and rappor to be in shiretler and shirletes we're here. Medenial life dairis in terms of

so I'm kind of chrassaldakin it because yearleachic life to get the same assyretes can't

control edel and I know, Osmana, Merceeces. Gocebellable and them rather

vergy top-ablemitted also. And, this one first to say them probably,

but, but, but the second-mechuit time in the community crisis there.

I mean, all-turb in affi-a-tallishments, in the afi-a-ecky equipment in, there's a problem, that's a bad-a-

crisis. We, here, here, two-tany, three-a-shi- -an-as-ean- dis-ean- us-ion-

and-er-l not-er-lety- and, and, a-l-lety- and, a-l-l-l- -l-l--------------------------er-l For example, Baghdad-filat in. This is a big big big big issue in, generally,

mechrutiate-dunemy, in-in-law-in-lawly-chosen-plans. Aishiretler-as-a-as-hirtleseysharmes. This ishene-Nas-Nas-Pa-dunem-in-lawing in-huehine-Nazzo-Petvahsiaeus. Husein-N-Fetvahsiae. And this gas-wefetvahsil-as-a-hirtlet-as-a-hirtlet-as-hirtlet-a-harmes arsindicings

and the chattismalar and a end up this fethwows in the fethwai y'an actually all

the Islam for it's called but kind of their they're in the kind of

chattishmalsals is that gazzve also that nazin pasa this aral this aralerned

in a because this chattishmala because this chattishmala all-migue willmiguing he thought

to behdad Ulemas, toparlyarer, a fatwa yet-in-lawed. This fat-fahed, this fash-larsing haram-or-all-as-a-law-as-a-er-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-aqa-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a and, or-a-a-a-aqaqaqaqaqaqa-a-a-a-old. This way

a shulh Yule this is it's always it's we're going to we're going to we're in

actually actually valilering policy in the community, in general really a reality and and 10-Temus

Mechutiet bayraming cutlamal in a shirates in the first and it's all yeah

I'm testpidating kind of I'm in baddletlete in badat Vilaiiiiiiiiiii and at

Iirinin general in Aririnininininin and about 10 15 Badaat Shepherding they're, they're hilaeat giederlyly.

And this big a resmy gethits to catulmalae. Cemalpacha, this time, I'm doing we're because he's not much. Cemalbeye,

he's doing it so it's sure so we're going the telegraphs we're going to talkviourn't it to make to make sure,

such a bayram getting to say it's going to. It's a big mebla is, it's a bunche and it's long sure you

but in the end the sonn't Jamal Pacha it's really So, I'm in assyretes

arisendings and the chattisement and the chattisletler and the government to bring up

a sun-yoll denmess on plan in this time. One, the a shirestit

issue, the dengel also, an one one one, there, Shammarber

Urney, I'm, Hamidi-Bee, there is there, Hamdi-Bee did, he,

Reislii'i'i almasi, the Ottoman-mercei-i-i-iardisly. And, why? I mean, why, a shiret reisler in this the wargoye and reisly and, because he's a kind of

his name, this way, he's back to be a government, and a government's saddick a man, and also, and the chattishmuller's

a lot of trying to, and he's having a other a other other reason is, there, he's still,

in Istanbul, I'm Turkish-C-Billy and Osmanly and the people with people and also this

actually, a shirate in the dengelae in the administrative administration. Emniieti

generally in 1998, 19-17 years in when we're inundered yeah, a kind of

actually, there's, because the work- un-erget- there are, sometimes, certain-mudelel

do it always. Sulk-you- absolutely. I, just, that, um, the sum-and-

not-and- a-and- But it's actually. But, but Sulf yoller's the dened we're doing it. So,

or we, here's, we're in this time and we're not much, we're not much, we're not, because the

exhietler, the government, the government, the government, the government, the authority to keep me, and they're

going to, they're, they're, they're, they're, they're, there's, there's,

there's, there's actually, but, but, generally around we're, but, eminieting,

the, rule with sawlan to be sure because askerial yetorses because of

the time the time we're in talking about sohbetimies we're we're we're

doing sohurt history, the ethnic arimals or ethnic shiddlet connors and actually also very

very much a couple of years but one year but in a lastada in the in the

in the otherlandlandlandland iniquette and iniquette the extraf devlet in in backions and

lookish-backish-getten, all these in the situation, the world and people are sign-in-law-actors, it's very new-lix work out of course.

You, too, the Merce-Cheveran-anil analysis, but this mercea-in-er- back-sac- worker-sac-lilater with the literature-lis-lis-lis-lis-lis-lis-lis-lisdolmis. Tarii-Tarry

in the work in the work in a particular to work in particular in particular

interlety interlioning interlioning but upstanty a back I'ded I'm

and the actorler and after the actorler and I'm and that I've already said I'm

about the baddatt' sound of I'm my name Osmana Archive the other

other kind of the English Archive and English archival and English archivicicic different

things in English Archivinin Archevina I mean, first-ill kind of heartraters and we're in

the time of the time of the time in the time in even in the in the time in the telegraphs,

myself, we have some really a very much, we have, and ashralfing and eshrafing said what we're

doing things. Bilay-tari in the in, maybe very perspectively a backish servilement chabasinday.

This reason this is, this Arab-C can't even for very very very

actor too much one of the part of the Arab Militcher's community in the

actually the the same his name Mr. Abdurassik Effend, Hseim

Ferit way, like, so we also also that's a different

perspective is also also also the American, Arab Militchility

in Arab-Mil in inutability in in the Arab

Militial and this iser this general paradigm to come up Iraq and Baghdad

under baddad under a military people and this realeat community in the first world

in the kind of getting to not much and it's very much a lot of Iraq,

I'm a local general Arab militieler over yeah a

but a general 1913 it's in 1913 it in the general Arab

community community to be there's a lot part this this

this is this And that's important. I mean, the actors about the community in the

community in the community in the community's in 1920 after the Arab government and the world of

and the world of course, the worldodon unashalmation in the eser iser also very very much

very much thank you. Thank you. Baghdad is actually very important a lot in Osmanlii

for the people, but Arab militiachility in the World War Civil War in the Civilistricks' in a sense of a lot

of the same shuddetty and then, you know, the state of the state, and, actually, Kurt-Miliatechlii in the country is in the important, a lot. So, you know,

that's a lot of a part of the part of us. Thank you. I'm thank you. I'd like it. I'm a lot of it. The Othamonistsy

in this volume in the program in the Dr. Emine Shahin with us. Mayshavena from Osmannedna's last yearl in the second

Mechutiet in the Daudet in the Dio's the book over a sohap we're in a question.

This question, who are more more to talk about, for the Ottoman History podcast's web

website, we're a linketly a bibliograph and a kind of us will be back up

you, keep at me, and be the next podcast to get to get to see

and I'm The word is a beautiful, and there's aureole of her. There's a deliol from the ashwag. Ishda, a-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha.