Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine - Sawbones: Bezoars

Episode Date: May 12, 2016

If you found a lump of hair in an animal's stomach, would you first thought be "Huh, I bet that will help cure poison!" No? See, that's why you'll never cut it as an old-timey person. Let's talk about bezoars! Music: "Medicines" by The Taxpayers

Saubones is a show about medical history, and nothing the hosts say should be taken as medical advice or opinion. It's for fun. Can't you just have fun for an hour and not try to diagnose your mystery boil? We think you've earned it. Just sit back, relax, and enjoy a moment of distraction from that weird growth. You're worth it. that weird growth. You're worth it. Alright, time is about to books. One, two, one, two, three, four. We came across a pharmacy with a toy and that's lost it out. We pushed on through the broken glass and had ourselves a look around.

Some medicines, some medicines that escalate my cop for the mouth. Wow! Hello everybody and welcome and welcome to Salbone, to Myrtle Tour of Miss Guy and Medicine, I'm your co-host Justin McElroy. And I'm Sydney McElroy. Are you sad Justin? Where are you sign like that? I'll say it's a tough day, isn't it?

It's a tough day. It's a hard day. Today, May 11, 2015, 16. It's 16. It's a hard day. Today, May 11th, 2015, 16. It's 16. It's definitely 2016. 16 marks the end. This is the end of the combo. It was too much pressure, frankly, Justin.

The combo, friends has seen us through. Let's just go through it all more time. What was first one? Great, good. I'm glad we remembered that he mafilia he mafilia was the first one Which led to was the ad hydrogen peroxide hydrogen pero nut Yeah, yeah, and then ear wax and then ear aches And then he and Philly at hydrogen peroxide ear wax ear aches. And then ten... Yes, he and Shilia, hydrogen peroxide, ear wax, ear aches. Goofy's medical questions because we had it a hard week and then ten of this continuing the combo.

But now, the combo is well and truly. It was too much pressure, guys. It's kind of like, you know how, like, I'm sure Justin, you can relate to this. You know how like you didn't get, you didn't get any bees all the way through school and you were in your junior year of college and you still had not never gotten a bee and you just kept thinking like, oh my gosh, at some point in my life I'm going to get a bee and I'm going to break my perfect streak of a's, and then my whole world is going to collapse. Yeah, I think we've all had that exact line of thought with that exact level of intensity.

And then in your junior year of college, maybe you finally got that first B. Maybe it was your only B. Maybe that's anybody can ever say about you, is that it was your only B, but maybe then you finally got it. And it was a little bit of a relief. Yeah, I can understand.

So this one. Maybe you don't still think about it every night when you try to close your eyes. This marks the end of the combo. What is it? What is it? What are we turning to today? Something totally bizarre. Not. You are looking very self-satisfied. Why are you looking so so satisfied? Because it's Bezoar, which sounds like Bizarre. Wofsa Daisy, okay, that's fine, I guess, that I'll allow it. Bezoar, I think some people say Bezoar, Bezoar.

What is Bezoar? I have no idea, what's a Bezoar? You don't know what they are? You've read Harry Potter, you know what they are. Is that a Hcrux? No, nope not a horcrux not a thing What is in real life? What is it? Okay, so first of all, thank you, Corin for recommending this topic I think bazaars are super cool and I'm really excited to talk about them So I don't think anybody's gonna be too mad that we broke our streak

They sound very magical don't they? Yeah, they have a kind of fantastical, I guess I can grant you that. I would go ahead and pause it that they are not magical. I would say that- Well, that seems like a fair bet. I would say that they are what many, many humans might refer to as gross. But not magical. No, but not me either. But then we've already established I have issues. So a BezoR is a collection of undigested or inedible material

of some sort, some kind of material that is kind of found in a lump in the GI track of either human or an animal. Like a hair ball? Yeah, a hair ball is one example of a baseball. Oh, that is one. Yeah. Okay.

Like a big mass, big lump of something that you can't digest or you probably shouldn't have eaten in the first place and it's just sitting there. Usually in your stomach, but it can be anywhere in the GI tract. And like I said, we can find it in humans or in many creatures, really. Is it a tumor?

No. So I would just say that. It's not a tumor, Justin. One more time. Let's take another past that. Really? Is this really? Yeah.

We're just going to need you to brighten up the a. It's not a tumor. It's kind of a dark a perfect. OK. OK. Love it. So they can be named based on what's in them. So you mentioned a hair ball.

We would probably call that a tricobase or. No, I think we'd probably call it a hair ball as we've established in the preceding three minutes of this program and also hundreds of years of human history. Although nothing does. Probably a lot of hair balls. I don't know if it distinguishes itself from a hairball. In that hairballs, I usually find on the carpet after the cats have like, hocked them up

and a trigo-bezoar in theory, you wouldn't find on the carpet because it's still in the stomach. Well, unless we sort of like a meteor and a meteorite, you know. Let's also get like super, super, super honest about hairballs. That's a very sweet name. It's Vama. I also get like super, super, super honest about hairballs. That's a very sweet name.

It's vomit. It's hair vomit that they puke double over everything. Which is something different because some of that vomit may have been digestible. Right, but it just got mixed up with the puke on the way out, I guess, because they had everything in there. Yeah.

There's also phyto-bezoars, which are made of... Dogs. No. What? Phyto. Yeah. There's also phyto-bezoars, which are made of dogs. No. What? Phyto. Okay. No, phyto. They made a plant stuff. Okay. And then there's a tricofyto-bezoar. Can you guess that one? I don't have a funny thing for that. Here, here in plants. Both. A little bit everything. There's also likeobasor, which are milk, especially in neonates that can't necessarily digest milk yet. There's pharmacobasor, which are usually when people take too many of sustained release pills and all those sustained release capsules form this ball of undigested capsule pill material in the stomach.

Grosser, right? Farmerco, Baysor. Yep. The word though, Baysor. So, you have good stacks of trim pills that have all the little... I used to love the love of... I'm not sure if a kid used to love pills that had like the tiny little pills inside of it, you know what I'm talking about?

Like what? You know, pills that have pills inside of it. You know what I'm talking about? Like what? You know, pills that have pills inside of it? Pills that have tiny little, they're filled with tiny little pills. Did you do a lot of pills when you were a kid? No, I just like the way they look. Like Dexter trim ironically, I always used to make me hungry for candy.

You mean like capsules that are filled with a little dissolvable bits of material? Yeah. Okay. I mean, I guess I'm taking a little bitvable bits of material. Yeah. I mean, I guess I'm taking a little bit of license by saying they're tiny pills, but I mean, they're tiny pills. I don't think they're tiny pills. I mean, it's a pill. Do you swallow them?

Are they medicine? Are they small, solid objects? Yeah, but by that definition, you can make nerds pills. Are they medicine? Okay, that was the third. Sorry, doc. Have nerds been medicine this whole time the third. Sorry, Doc. Have nursery and medicine this whole time?

Okay, well, no, that's fair. I'm not mistaken. I'm not mistaken. What a twist. That was going to be. I could use some words. You're going to get your money's worth of this episode. Nurt's are medicine.

The word says a doctor. The word Bezoar comes from either the Arabic word, Baudzeer or the Persian word, Ponzeer. Either way, these words refer to like an antidote or a counter poison, which is really interesting. Yeah, what's on? Well, this is because we used to take these lumps or balls or collections of hair or husk or vegetable matter,

or whatever, some sort of matter. And we would give them two people to ingest as cures for poisoning. Like for a really long time in history, we did this. Um, gross. So, yeah, so I'm going to tell we did this. Um, gross. So yeah, so I'm going to tell you about this. We have found baysawars in animals for a really long time and we didn't quite know what to make of them initially.

And this is probably just by like the fact that we were killing the needing animals or animals died and we would just find these odd things kind of hanging around afterwards. There were theories, like really strange theories that I read initially of like, where could these have come from? Which is especially strange when you consider that they were probably often found inside a stomach, but I guess these weren't necessarily. Because one theory is that like, maybe if a deer ate a snake

and then that deer got stuck in some muddy water. And so as it was like sinking into the muddy water and dying, it started crying. And then those tears of this deer that ate the snake that's sinking into the muddy water became Bezoars. Okay. Which I just keep picturing that scene from never ending story.

Oh, we're with a, a trail, a, with a... A tray of heart hacks and... A tray of heart breaking. I know. But I was traumatized by that. It was rough. That was rough. I was just a little kid. It's okay at the end though. Mm-hmm.

It's okay. Don't worry. But in this situation, the deer would cry and the tears would become bazaars, which seems a little more far-fetched than we found this lump of hair in a stomach. Yeah, but it wasn't so that story. They also thought it may be just the animal's natural defense against poisoning. Did it catch it up in a ball of hair? Exactly. So they find these balls

of stuff and they're like, ah, this is all the poison the animal ingested, which is just now all stuck in this ball. And so it didn't die, it died for another reason because we killed it and ate it. Right, delicious. Pass the more animal, please. We find mention of the term the word, Bezoar. When we go all the way back to our buddy, Plenty's time, Plenty the Elder. But it's fair to say that even when he talks about Bezoar, he only does so in referencing

what he calls the Persian word. So he's already saying, like, this isn't something for my medical tradition or something I really understand or know much about. I'm just kind of stealing this from like the Arabic tradition of medicine. We know that the use of Bayzoar's for medicine dates back to at least the 1100s. And by the 1200s, it'd become pretty widespread. Mainly the kind of Bayzoars that you might use for medicine. I'm going to tell you some of the uses, mainly counterpoisons, but there's some other things

they were used for too. The ones that were highly prized were taken from cows and goats usually that started throughout Asia and then spread over and by the 1200s, most of Europe was also trying this out as well. The way that you could use them, and they would be called Bayzoires or Bayzoar Stones, and you could either put them into a glass of like water or wine and then just drink the liquid, but that really wasn't thought to be as effective as either like scraping it and dissolving it into some liquid and drinking it.

Or I guess just swallowing the whole thing in the worst case scenario. What a wonderful example of really using every part of the buffalo. I mean, literally, I guess in this case, but really does not want to let anything go to waste. Well, we did a really great bob, anything left over there?

Well, there's a chunk of hair. There's a big ball of hair and I just did hair. Yeah, no, that's for poison. That's for poison. That's medicine. That's a medicine right there. You grab it. I don't want to grab it.

I've grabbed so many. Grab it and put it in this leather sack. And I'll carry it around on my hip. That won't freak people out. I know how to make friends. It was also used during plague times for For treatment of plague victims and that also be made it more widespread and more popular As well as for invitations so like if a snake or something bit you okay

You may be told like I just get a bazaar you know go find a bazaar Why You know, go find a basilar. Why? Why? Like I said, part of the theory was that it was the animal's natural defense against poisoning and then they would look at some of the foods. Like one of the things we're going to talk a little bit about are porcupine basoars. And part of the theory is to why porcupine basoars would eventually become so highly prized

was because porcupines ate a lot of like really bitter food and a lot of like tough plants that humans wouldn't want to eat. And so the thought was like, if they can eat that, they must have... In their hair, they must be really tough. They must be really tough. The other stomach, their balls must be really tough. Sure.

Okay. So they're really good at counteracting poisons. All right, humans, I'm sorry, I'm not seeing where you're coming from on this one. The use of these was spread a huge amount through the crusades, but also by trade routes because these became very popular items for trading. They were very expensive.

Sure, shelf stable, which is nice. Yeah, and they weren't easy necessarily to find. So you would pay a pretty penny if you wanted a basil are and they were mainly, and they were highly prized by the courts of Europe. And so this was definitely something, if you were a noble, if this was something a king or a queen would want easily at their disposal,

that if you were a well-to-do medicine man at the time, you would probably want to have these in your arsenal to cater to your rich or clients, for sure. And as a result of this, like with anything else, fake base of ours started appearing on the market. I was actually just sitting here wondering why one of you wanted doing that.

They don't work anyway, so what's the difference? No, exactly. And because of the kinds of materials they're made of, you could imagine they were really easy to fake. Yeah, of course. It's just like hair and strong, vegetable stuff and whatever. And you just kind of mash it into a ball and done. There you go.

You got a Bezoar and you're right, since they weren't going to work. Who knew? Who's going to catch you, yeah. So you begin to find, like, at this point in time, like Bezoar experts popping up here and there who like could describe to you what a, what a, what a real basalar from various animals looked like.

For instance, like if you were going to get a real basalar from a goat, it should be avershine. Okay, well, now why is that? That's just the color that goat, basalar should be. All right. Okay. So there you go.

So if that somebody tells you it's a goat, basalar, and it's not avershine, you should be all right. Okay. So there you go. So if that somebody tells you it's a good base or it's not all burgeoning, you should be suspicious. Yeah. I'll try to keep that in mind. And they were used a lot too in medicine. If you look at a lot of the recipes and kind of like potions or whatever for Bayzoires at this point in history, you'll see that they're paired with unicorn horns, which gave me a huge pause because I was like, yeah, all of this made up then? Hold on, I've been reading all of these accounts of Bayzoars and now we're mentioning unicorn horns. And so like I'm thinking like, this is all fiction.

I've been tricked. It's been a piercing Anthony book this whole time. But what I think a lot of people probably get confused occasionally as to whether or not unicorns are real. Like they realize they're not, but like they don't instantly remember that they're not, you know what I mean? Sometimes it takes a little while. Does that, would you say that's a personal problem, Justin? Yeah, that moment between sleeping awake when you can still remember your dreams. Yeah, it's the moment that I sit and

wonder about that one B that I got in college. Yeah. Unicorn horns were probably goat horns. Oh, okay. Just say it out. Just taped on there. And I think people knew, like, I think, I don't think this was like a mass, like, delusion, like, oh, get that horn off that goat. It's a unicorn horn all of a sudden.

I mean, I think people do. In India, they were used, they had other uses, as well as, like I said, I think people do. In India, they were used, they had other uses as well as like I said, for counterpoisons and antidotes, which is by the way, I should mention that is part of why they were so popular among royalty is because they were poisoning. Yeah, they were trying to off each other all the time, right? Yeah, I was going to say that's what Game of Thrones is all about, I think. Yeah, probably that in dragons and winter. Yeah, all that. You got all the Game of Thrones is all about I think yeah, probably that in dragons and winter Yeah, all that you got all the yeah, you got all the big big points are there Bayzo are in it

Not that I've seen but maybe behind the scenes You know because if any of them are getting poisoned they should probably just have some Bayzo I mean, they probably shouldn't because they're fake and don't work So it's kind of their own discretion, I guess. And India, they also use them for depression or any kind of melancholic disorder. You could use it like a BASOR. If you had bleeding problems, you may be prescribed a BASOR, fevers. And they would often be used even almost like a tonic

or like a preventive measure, like for vigor. Rich people would often just dissolve one in a drink like twice a year, like to take their like biannual tonic. Not something I'd look forward to. Bezoar, it was sort of like a flu shot on there. It was like, did you, it's winter, did you drink your basil or yet?

Yeah. Except afterwards you puked a lot. Sure. Which is not at all like a flu shot. No. As I mentioned, the porcupine bazawer became very popular at this time and was very highly prized.

It was described as because you need to know, right? You need to know what it looks like so you don't get tricked. Yeah, you don't want to get a scam right on you. A porcupine bazawer would be small, vermillion, clear. It would have a very bitter taste and a feel. It would feel in your hand, much like French soap. Not just any soap. French soap. French soap. Maybe French soap was made out of porcupine basil arse, it's a little hot, it would be new. Hey. Hey, what's up? History

of Grace, History of the North. Well, we're done. Let's call France and ask. Okay. And then this one was thought to be a very potent healing agent and it was especially good for the stomach. Strangely enough. So, do these work? Do they work? Well, okay. There's a little bit.

There's a little bit to that. Just a little. Oh my God. Just a little. I'm not saying they work, but before I tell you all the details, why don't you follow me to the billing department? Let's go. Okay, you were telling me that there may be some sort of slight grain of truth here. So before I tell you the slight grain of truth, let me tell you when they finally started to kind of fall out of favor. Okay. When we realized that that all of the claims were

probably not true. Probably took us too long. I'm betting, but we've talked about Dr. Perry from from about 1500s, who was a groundbreaking physician from France and a surgeon and we've discussed him in past episodes. One of the things... Embrose. Embrose? Yeah, exactly. Very good. We'll keep working on our French. Embrose?

And by the time we're done with a podcast someday, we'll know how to say his name. I'm gonna do it. I'm gonna do it. You keep talking. I say it different every time. I think I'm always wrong. I do practice. So he just proved this with an experiment that I would wager would not pass IRB muster today, which means like it wouldn't be allowed to happen. So in the 1500s, there was a cook in the

King's Court who was found to be stealing silver. And as was the fashion of the time, if you are stealing things from the king, you get sentenced to death. Right. Can't have that sort of thing. Exactly. So he was supposed to be killed by hanging. However, Dr. Perei interceded on his behalf and said,

hey, listen, well, maybe not so much on his behalf, more on like, medicines behalf. Said, hey, listen, this looks like a great opportunity for us to test out a theory. Instead of him choose, let's give him the option. Either we'll just go, go ahead and hang you or instead we will give you poison and then you'll swallow a bayswar and we'll see if you live. Oh, it's so good. And if you live, you get to live.

You're done. Like, you walk away, scot free. You probably don't get to still work for the king because like you stole the silver, but like you live, that's fine. Or you just, you know, you'd hang either way. Either way. So this guy went for the,

went for the poison in the bazaar. Double enough. Because I mean, he wouldn't. Yeah. And he lived seven hours. Hey, that's something better than hanging, I guess. I don't know. I don't know.

I don't know what poison it was. I don't know any details. Yeah, not a lot of poison like are like chill. They're not like, most of them aren't fun poisons. Not fun poisons, not chill poisons. But I always say, embroise. Embroise. That's what Google says.

Okay. We'll try to get it right from now on. Anyway, that should have put the theory to bed once and for all, of course, like always. Of course not. Why let facts get in the way. That didn't stop anyone. They were still being used in the 1600s when there's a really interesting court case that kind of surrounded around, that kind of involved a Bezor.

So in 1603, there was a case, Shandilor V. Lopez, which was a famous like British common law case that's referenced because it established the rule of caveat in Tor. Oh, okay. Or, you know what that means? Barberware. Exactly, thank you.

I was gonna let you have that one. Thanks, appreciate it. Leave the log what that means? Barberware. Exactly. Thank you. I was gonna let you have that one. Thanks. Appreciate it. Leave the log hanging for the village simple, then. The story is that there is a man who went to a store or I don't know, a tent somewhere, whatever, wherever people buy bays or bars.

And he bought one and he was told that it was from an animal stomach, probably, probably, that guy was like, yeah, I'm pretty sure this is, this is a real deal, Bayzoar. He paid a hundred pounds for it. I found that several sources, Dr. Marker pounds, which at that time is crazy money. That's like a lot of money. That's crazy money back to wild.

So he paid a hundred pounds for this Bayzoar. It didn't work as promised. Now, for the life of me, I wish I had the details of this because I don't know what happened that he figured out it didn't work. I don't, it's not, I mean, it's lost to history. I don't think anybody knows where to share. But something happened.

He came back and said, listen, this was fake. It's not a real baysore. I want my money back. They ended up in court and buyer beware. They were all the land. We went wrong. What a lot of natural medicine dealers and non-traditional medicine dealers have learned

is that if you make your prices low enough that people can just ride it off with some harmless fun, you can skirt a lot of heavy investigation that way for a good long while. You can't charge this much for a base war and expect to stay in business. How much do you sell your base wars for honey?

May 2499, absolutely. And your satisfaction my way Sydney is guaranteed. Do you mind that's the price of people? I like that, that's fine, I'll let it pass. I'll let it pass. 25 bucks is like, I think that's what you should charge for any fake thing. It's like a good amount of money, because you've got 25 bucks is like, I think that's what you should charge for any fake thing. It's like, it's like a good amount of money

because you've got 25 bucks, like, yeah, cool. I love it. But if you lost 25 bucks with scam, you're not gonna go to the police. Not for that. It's not worth it, you know? I don't know, the $25 is a lot of nerds. Yeah, no kidding, absolutely.

So in the 1600s as well, we see the introduction of by a doctor, Samoa, who was a Portuguese physician, who, like, by the way, I want to give him a little credit because he introduced quinine from malaria to Portugal, so, like, cool, good, good, good, good, good. That one's good. Good job. He also made, like, a cordial out of Bezoar Stodes,

which I just like to mention, because I love the idea of like a bottle of cordial. Yeah. Because cordial always sounds very fancy and like something sweet and syrupy and like yummy. And I mean, it's what like Mary Poppins gave her her she has a line cordial right. I don't know. Yeah. I guess she has line cordial. It's her flavor. So that's what her flavor. No, she had rum punch. Rum punch, Michael got one. She rolled her tongue. Rum punch, like that. Yeah. We've watched Mary Poppins 40 times.

Our baby loves it. In the 1700s, because of all the sketchy fake bazoars that were out there that could have been made of anything and maybe something dangerous, the Portuguese Jesuits actually started to make their own fake stones, except for let's not call them fake now, they're artificial. Okay. So, you know, there aren't enough naturally occurring

Bayzoars to go around. We gotta cook some up. We'll make some artificial ones. And this is totally like they were not lying about this. We are making artificial Bayzoars that should work just like basalars. And it was to their credit they did. I'm sure. So they were made out of all kinds of things. They were made out of amber and musk and rubies and emeralds and like fancy things like topaz and ivory and garnet and coral.

Also though dirt and also some unicorn horn and also some stag horn. Right. And like I said, this was an honest effort to try to limit the dangerous fake stones that were out there that might make people sick. They called them the Goa Stone. And Goa Stones actually became as highly prized as real deal basahoirs after a while. Wow. These dumb monks are stuffing with Jim Stone. This continued until about the 1800s when we finally started to see

Bayzoars fall out of favor. And though you could still buy them the kind of craze. There was enough, you know, people believed enough by then that like, hey, we keep taking these things. People keep dying of poisoning. I don't think they're working. Interestingly, I will say this, just some real things about Bayes of ours. One, they do kind of bind arsenic, especially depending on

what kinds of ones made of hair in particular. There's been some studies done that say, they may work a little bit on arsenic. Now, I don't know how much. It's ridiculous, isn't it? It's just that it has to do with exactly the chemical reactions that occur between the molecules like in the hairball and in the arsenic. That's so wild. Anyway, so they may a little bit. Now I don't think I'd want to chance this.

I don't think I'd want to bet my life on, you know. If you have a basor and nothing and then you get arsenic poisoning, it's part of the shop, but otherwise. Sure, sure. Some other interesting Bayzoar facts, unripened persimmons have caused epidemics of Bayzoars before, among humans.

Yes. So you have to be really careful, apparently don't eat unripened persimmons. And there's even a name for that. It's a Diospero Bezoar. I don't think I've ever eaten persimmon periods, so unriving persimmons are not a big risk factor for me. Or maybe they are because you'd have no way of knowing if they were ripe.

I'm just saying I don't eat them. They're a seen them. Don't think it's a problem. So make sure your persimmons are ripe. Another kind of interesting fact, a trecobezoar, a one made of hair, can lead to something called Rapunzel syndrome, which is not as enchanted as it sounds. No. This is usually something, this is actually something

I've seen before, in patients who have trick at telemania, which means that they pull their hair out. They have set, well, well, all this means is that they pull the hair out. Okay. Trick-to-mine means that you obsessively pull their hair out, they upset. Well, all this means is that they pull the hair out. Okay. Trictum lane means that you obsessively pull your hair out. Now some of those patients also eat that hair, not all, but some do. And then you can get a big Baisour, a tricobaisour of hair in your stomach.

And then if it leaves like a trail of hair that snakes all the way through the intestines from that ball of hair in the stomach, that's called Rapunzel syndrome. Oh, okay. And often, unfortunately, I should say a lot of these cases end up needing surgery to kind of get this big blockage of undigestible material. Right. Well, and if it's blocking your intestines or causing you pain and nothing can move around it, you know, it can eventually even perforate or cause a hole in the intestines. So

you can still find basil are sold like as well as fake basil ares and animal basil ares and all these different basil ares in some parts of the world. Again, it's like almost like a supplement. Just a little something extra. Yeah, almost in this. I mean, I don't know. I've never checked like our local like health food Supplement, no vitamin stores, no, but possible But you know as we have discussed before these probably worked just as well as a lot of those Supplement supplement vitamin health food Thanks, though, PO box 54 hundred and two five No six, our 10th anniversary is just around the corner

of this July 1st. So it is up with all your Bayzoards. You can find, please don't send Bayzoars. Please, especially don't send us homemade Bayzoars. Yeah, super don't do that. You can still see them, by the way, in pieces of art for ancient times, you can find pieces of art that have

Bayzoars in the middle of them because they were so highly prized. And like I said, they are a big deal when they happen in humans. Sometimes you can dissolve them with soda, but other times they need surgery, so they are a pretty big deal. And of course, because I haven't said it yet, and I know everybody, they're certain people who are listening and going, you haven't. Harry saved Ron's life with a b Bezoar when he drank that poison mead.

I'll never forget that. Don't forget that. Thanks to the taxpayers for letting us use the song Medicines as the intro and outro of our program. Big, exciting, cool news for us if you live in or around Washington DC or New York City. We are coming there with my brother, my brother and me and another podcast in DC. It's Schmanners in New York. It's City's podcast still buffering. That is going to be June 3rd in Washington DC, June 4th at the PlayStation Theater in New

York City. The DC venue is Lincoln Theater, Lincoln Center, so I like that. Not like a center, I think like a, no, I'll, I'll, I'll, I'll, I'll, I'll, I'll, I'll get theater. I think on me. I think on me. And you can get, take us to those, we're going to bit.ly, Ford slash Mbmbam, and then either NYC 2016 or DC 2016.

So those tickets will actually go on sale this Friday at noon EST. So don't, don't sleep on that. Our shows tend to sell out. And we would love to see you if you're in the area. So that address can bid a lot of forward slash and BNBAM NYC 2016 or DC 2016, depending on what show you want to get to us to. There's probably links in our Twitter and Facebook and

what. Yeah, yeah, they're definitely are. So please, if you can come out, it'll be really fun. Three podcasts will be a hoot and a half. Say that maximum fun out of August place for lots of other podcasts. You can go check them out. Podcast, check them out. Check them out.

Doesn't work as well. That was good. But that's going to do for us folks until next Wednesday. My name is Justin McRoy. Justin McRoy. And as always, don't drill a hole in your head. Alright! Maximumfund.org Comedy and Culture, Art and Stone

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