Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine - Sawbones: Radiation Therapy

Episode Date: September 27, 2013

Welcome to Sawbones, where Dr. Sydnee McElroy and her husband Justin McElroy take you on a whimsical tour of the dumb ways in which we've tried to fix people. This week: We're radioactive. Music: "Medicines" by The Taxpayers (http://thetaxpayers.net)

Saubones is a show about medical history, and nothing the hosts say should be taken as medical advice or opinion. It's for fun. Can't you just have fun for an hour and not try to diagnose your mystery boil? We think you've earned it. Just sit back, relax, and enjoy a moment of distraction from that weird growth. You're worth it. that weird growth. You're worth it. Alright, Tommy is about to books. One, two, one, two, three, four. We came across a pharmacy with a toy and that's lost it out. We were shot through the broken glass and had ourselves a look around.

The medicines, the medicines, the escalators, my cop, for the mouth Hello and welcome to saw bones a marital tour of misguided medicine. I'm your co-host Justin McAroy. I'm sitting McAroy. I said happy anniversary sweetie Happy anniversary happy anniversary. I got this for you go on. Wait, wait, wait. It's like it's September Our anniversary was July 1st. Correct. Happy anniversary. Yeah, so you're like really friggin' late. Go ahead and open it. Oh! It's plates! It's not just any plates. It's fiestaware.

Fiesta red specifically. And May before 1944, it's fiesta wear. Fiesta red specifically, then made before 1944, it's a real collector's item. Oh, what, like, do you want us to eat off of these? There are more collector's items than anything, but they're fiesta wear. Okay, do you know why fiesta wear red is a collector's item? No, sweetie, I guess it's rare.

There weren't a lot of rounds. It was really hard to find, eBay. Yeah, how are you feeling? Nauticious. OK. They're kind of rare because they're also kind of radioactive. Oh, well, that's not the end of the world. How radioactive...

I mean radioactive enough that they stop making them. The paint that was used for fiesta, especially the red glaze that was used for fiesta dinnerware, has uranium in it. Oh man. Not a gift. I can't believe three years running. I've gotten you radioactive gifts. I know. And the crazy thing is you keep not meaning to. Wait a second. Hey, do you mean to? Oh, sweetie, you're the light of my life, the sun of my sky, the moon of

my stars. Are you trying to slowly kill me with radiation poisoning? No, but I understand that was the thing that happened for much of history. Well, that's true, Justin. You know, other than in dinnerware, people have been using radioactive substances for everyday use for a long time, specifically for its health benefits. Now, a lot of the topics we go into go, you know, wail, wail, wail, wail, w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w-w active treatments as curious for things. And we'll mainly be talking about radium, but other active elements, treatments for various diseases.

It originates in 1895 when we figured out what X-rays were. They are super sweet beams of energy that make things invisible parts of them. Exactly. You nailed it. We knew that in 1895, we knew that X-rays were a great way to image the human body.

But we also realized soon after that, if you X-rayed somebody too much, you could actually damage human tissue. How on earth do you think we discovered the X-rays could see through people? It's crazy, right? Like, why would you even think of that? I mean, I don't know. I mean, it is. It's pretty amazing. I mean, it's origins are in like photography and such, but yeah, the fact that we figured that out, it is pretty incredible. I should preface with this. What we led to with radiation therapy are some pretty amazing advances in medical technology. In the beginning, all we knew is that X-rays could image the human body.

We could look at bones. We could diagnose fractures and all kinds of other bony abnormalities. We could see that a toy car that a guy put in his butt in the jackass movie that's right we agree that we could all for saw exactly i mean who could have who could have for seen that in 1895 no one really um we we could diagnose like cardiac abnormalities um but uh we figured out that if we x-rayed somebody too much we would damage their skin and their subcutaneous tissues. And we already at that point, what's fascinating is that we already knew that there was something, we didn't know what cancer was, per se.

But we knew that there were skin cancers and tumors and kind of disordered growth of tissue that we could treat with electricity and burns and that kind of thing. And so when we saw the X-rays could, you know, damage tissue as well, we thought, well, hey, that might work. Actually, in the earliest days, cancer was referred to as the forever cold or the Chicago flu, because they thought it was just like one of those,

except very bad and permanent. This has been a totally untrue medical fact brought to you by Justin McRoy. That is one of the things I read in a book. What book? Book. Book book. Book the book.

Book the book. Book the book. Book the book of fake things by author P. writers and. But I'm about the real history. I think that's I think you need to know this because this is the setting in which Marie Curie of underwear fame. Yes, I did buy Sydney some Marie Curie underwear on Kickstarter.

They're adorable. They're cute. They're they're they. They're women superheroes. So Mary Curie is one of them. I think Amelia Earhart's another league of ladies. I think it's called Check Not If You Can, but they're super cute. And super comfortable, I may add.

Thanks, Mary Curie. With no panty lines. So in 1898, Mary Curie isolated Radium with another guy, but I'm not going to mention him because he's a guy. And what do we care about men in history right right her story there we go

exactly and then they presented to the french academy of sciences uh... that they had isolated this you know this thing that emits raise it glows green and it's cool and it's an element we don't know what it is hello my name is medicare i'm gonna next thing i'm going to show you is cool.

Stay tuned. We're going to call it radium because it it meets its own light or ray. So ray, DM, radium. Pretty cool. It's cool. And at first, we had this thing, and we didn't know what to do with it.

And initially, the best use for it was to paint things that needed to glow in the dark. Oh humanity. What are we going to do with this stuff? I don't know. Let's paint some watch faces. Paints? So, so. Clocks would be useful. You know what'll be useful is if clocks glowed so that at night when I looked at them I knew what time it was. Let's paint the clock. Great lie about that. Is it when it was in olden times, like you ever needed to know what time it was in the dark? There's nothing to do.

Just go to sleep. Just go to sleep. Just go to sleep. Nobody wakes you up. Nobody tells you you're gonna work. 3 a.m. Does it deliver a baby? There's no cock crowing.

They didn't have chickens. So we started using radium for paint initially. On like, like I said, on watch faces and clock dials and things like that. And that was when we first realized that radium could actually do damage to people because have you heard of the radium girls? Justin. Look, who are you talking to? You've never heard of any of the things I'm talking about people.

So in the 1920s, the case of the radium, as they were dubbed the radium girls, five girls who worked in a factory where they painted watch faces and they would, because they were doing such detailed work, they would lick the tip of their brushes, of their paint brushes, as they painted the watch faces and the clock dials and such to bring them to a fine point.

Okay, listen. And they were using radium base pay. I know, ladies, I know you didn't know how dangerous this actually was. Nobody did. It glowed in the dark. How did we not think that was so do lightning bugs. Have you ever eaten one of them? Totally fine.

I have not eaten a lightning bug. I haven it either. So they became exposed to radium, I guess. Yes. Which is not ideal. Your body uses radium kind of like it does calcium. It's close enough that we can compare the two. So you will deposit it into your bones, which is, you know, bad on several levels, eating

calcium in your bones, not radium. And it also kills the marrow cells, your bone marrow inside your bones that produces all of your white and red blood cells and such, it'll kill those cells. So you can develop this kind of a plastic anemia where you basically stop making the kind of blood cells your body needs.

Yeah. It can also damage your skin and eventually it can lead to a kind of bone cancer, essentially. So they took legal action, the company tried to cover it up by claiming the girls just had syphilis, and they were lying. Which, okay, let's be honest, they did have syphilis, but. Why do you think they had syphilis?

They all had syphilis. Because everyone in the 1920s had syphilis. Everyone had syphilis, the Pope had syphilis in the 1920s had syphilis everyone had Ziffle the Pope had syphilis in the 1920 You the oh my gosh the Illuminati is gonna be all over you for that They know where I live you can't say things like that on the air come for me That the Illuminati don't listen to podcasts anywhere. Everybody knows that they didn't they're in our dinner in our backyard right now They didn't have syphilis they had had radiation poisoning, and it actually brought a lot of attention to radium as well as occupational health issues.

That's good because they were looking radium. It wasn't until the 60s that they stopped using radium-based paint, which is why we have this fiesta denerware in our possession glowing in the corner and killing us slowly. Although to be fair, Fiesta Red was discontinued in 1944. So there were a little bit ahead of the curve there. Absolutely. And the thing is that we, like I said, we already knew that X-rays were useful.

And so when we first discovered this radioactive isotope radium, we began to isolate it and use it for things. And Henri Beckerl in 1901 was the first one who realized that it also could be used to damage skin cancers or tumors to basically to hurt tissue in the same way that X-rays could. He did this by putting a tube of radium in his waist-coast pocket. To carry with him, to take with him on his daily rounds of whatever he did with radium. And he noticed that a skin ulcer developed at that same side, like a week later.

And that is how Tamagart she's wearing a vetted. I hated those things. I hated those things because they were radioactive. They were always dead. I killed. I burned in your tissue. I always killed mine. I tried so hard and then I would forget and I'd come back.

It was a week later and the whole screen is filled with little piles of poop and they're it's dead. It's dead. It's poop everywhere and he's dead. So they figured out that that radium could cause a skin ulcer. Marie Curie was actually, I think this is kind of cool. She was so excited by this prospect that she also held some radium against her skin for like 14 hours so that she could also form an ulcer. Thrilling.

Well, you know, they were really hard up for entertainment back in the early 20th century, huh? And the great thing about it is that it didn't happen instantly. It's not like the ulcer formed as you were holding the rating there. You just held it there for like 14 hours and then the ulcer formed later. A new craze is sleeping the early 20th century. It's holding radio until it burns and ulcer in your skin. We don't have radios yet, so we do the best we can.

When did all that hysteria treatment come along. So Marie Curie held radium to her skin, which is trying to like the gang burn that me and my friends gave her so soon college, if you think about it. Right, where is that gang burn Justin? I didn't get one, I was a little scared. I know. But my friends did. I know, honey.

So I have like a half a gang burn because I had to watch a little scared. I know. But my friends did. I know, honey. So I have like a half a gang burn because I had to watch someone do it. I know. So did we discover any like useful applications? Well, at the time, not really. We got the idea. I bet we did. Oh, of course we did.

So we knew that X-rays could burn tissue and we thought, well, now we know radium can burn tissue. So maybe radium can do, so maybe radium can do what x-rays can do. So then we just started like using it like we always do we've got something it's interesting let's put it everywhere. So we can put it on skin lesions you know for cancer lupus was a big treatment that we use radium for just rub radium on your lupus rash. Eat it, keep it in, a lot of the times they would wanna reuse it

because radium was really hard to isolate. So you didn't wanna use it up. So you would put it in these glass tubes and then you could just like tape it to various surfaces of your body and then give it back to the doctor later. I feel way better. I don't. After I taped that glass tube to my face.

You were so right. You know, I was hesitant because it's dumb. But you're right. It really did cure my... I don't know. What, how do they think that that? It's not really a super directed approach. You know, it's not like the laser-like efficiency

of some of our modern treatments. No, and I mean, it really like, they thought it would cure a lot of pain kind of symptoms, arthritis and gout and muscle aches and cramps and headaches. They thought it would help with lupus. Of course, that was the big disease that they were trying to fight. They also thought if you inhaled it, inhaled radium, you could treat your tuberculosis. If you, like I said, it could fight cancer. You could inject it, you could insert it,

or insert the tubes in various orifices. They made it into a SAV, you know, radium salts together with the ointment that you could put on your body. They also, that was also the time when they thought, you know what, we found low levels of radiation. That was when we began to become aware that radiation existed in water sources, which probably is from like ground sources, like radon gas that existed in certain areas of the

soil. We found it in well water and in springs, natural springs. So we thought that these water sources were especially therapeutic. So they began to add radium salts to bath water. Just a complete guess. Yes. Oh, just totally a complete guess. Like here, put this in your bath water.

It'll make you feel great. Maybe. Well, tuberculosis, I mean, at some point they mixed it, they mixed radium with iodine and called it dioraden, and then injected it in an intramuscularly. So like a flu shot or a tetanus shot in the muscle there, they just injected in you because they noticed that for at least one patient, they thought their fever and their coughing up blood disappeared after they started getting the shot.

Now, my guess is it was coincidence, but I don't know, I don't know how the human body reacts to radium and iodine being injected. So... Bad. I would guess. Makes you sad, maybe by sad. Maybe at that point, tuberculosis is the least

of your worries. Right. Well, at least now I have this radium burn to distract me. This radium ulcer on my skin. I have this giant ulcer in my waist post pocket area. I don't notice my lupus so much. I'm thinking about the radium. It should be noted that in the same time period very very sadly Marie Curie did die of a plastic anemia probably because of the radium. Poor Marie Curie. Would you want, do you want to know about some quacks? Yeah, cheer me up because I'm kind of bummed about Marie Curie right now. I'm sorry. Well, I mean, did you think she was still alive?

No, that's fair. And that is something we've talked about before. We shouldn't be sad for old-timey people that died young because they would be dead now anyway. That's absolutely right. I don't think she died particularly young. I think she was in her 60s. Think about all the celebrities. But not that that's old. I mean, by today's standards, that is relatively young. But back then, that was super old. That was a good, that was a good, but also think about all the celebrities that are alive right now that you'll never meet. You wouldn't have met Mary Curie. She. She, she piloted everyone in France. And if she'd lived much longer, maybe she would have done something horrible and she wouldn't be on my underwear today. She would have been, she would have committed genocide. Maybe I don't know. I don't know.

That is the eventual outcome of all humans. If you live, if you live pretty long, you do something awesome like isolate radium. If you live too long, you do something terrible like commit genocide. Do you ever see the episode of Quantum Leap or Dr. Sam Beckett prevented Mary Curie from inventing the atomic bomb? It was profound. I think I think it's fair to say it was profound. Do you want to share his whole memory theory with everyone? This isn't a theory. Dr. Stanbeck had a Swiss cheese memory. This doesn't make sense to me. He used that photographic memory when he's sent to the quantum loop accelerator and he's finished. He got holes in his memory that was very useful as a narrative device when they were remembered to use. It was sort of like Superman on the super friends. He would only remember his powers when he,

like it served the story. Swiss cheese memories were very much the same way. Like apparently, like occasionally he would be tied up to a chair and- And he would forget that I'm super strong. That's Superman, not a lot of Dr. Sandbacker. Oh, no, that didn't happen to Dr. Sandbacker. No, he never got that.

He had to think his way out of it. He had his quandaries. Uh, I want to hear about that. Always hoping that the next leap would be the leap that took him home. Sid, Quattro. Quantum leap. Me too.

Come on. Come on, TV. Bring back Quantum leap. You made a show at a Hannibal Lecter. What are you waiting for? Quantum leap. Quantum leap. Quantum leap. A two person chair for quantum leap

would probably have the effect room. Hey, what you doing effect? We should do a sawdust about the history of quantum leaping. That's not a thing. Quacks. Quacks. Okay. Quack.

The first quack. Quack. Quacks. Quacks. Quacks. Quacks. Guess I might eat ducks. I, I'm Mighty Ducks. We got to do some Mighty Ducks here.

Cool on Cwax. Do the triple leak on this section about Cwax. Triple leak. Can we do a flying V now? We've had a few drinks. Flying V. We've had a few drinks. Let us have one.

One, two, three. Cwax. Cwax. Okay. William J.A. Bailey. He's our first quack. He was a Harvard dropout. He pretended to be a doctor. I do that constantly. I know you do. He wasn't. He did create Bailey's radium laboratories in New Jersey, in like East Orange or somewhere.

And he made a lot of different products and devices based on radium. His biggest idea was that you could add, just give people radium salts that you could add to drinking water. This was used to treat, again, everything, headaches, diabetes, anemia, which is ironic since it could cause anemia, constipation, asthma, mental illness, anything. Anything you name it, radium can cure it. He actually, his most popular product was called Radathor. Radathor. Radathor.

Did they my favorite gore album? Oh, Radathor. Which was essentially... Shutter in his shadow. essentially. Shutter in his shadow. Tripple distilled drinking water with one micro curie each because the curie became a unit of measurement. For radioactive material. Exactly. One micro curie each of radium 228 radium 226. Just a micro curure. It was called a cure for the living dead, perpetual sunshine, and he thought it worked by stimulating the endocrine system. Sure. It did not. It didn't do any of that stuff.

I think the way that this cure eventually fell, people finally realized that it was not a cure for anything and was in fact a hoax, was because of ebony buyers, ebony buyers, ebony, who was a wealthy American socialite, he was an industrialist, he was a very popular, wealthy figure in society at the time, who totally bought into this and said, you know what? I'm gonna drink so much of this stuff because I want to live forever

He in his lifetime drank 1400 bottles of Ratatour and then unfortunately got cancer. Just remember that when you're sucking down your S.I.E e and your goji berries Somebody's gonna be this guy. Yes, one of you is gonna be this guy one of you is gonna be even buyer Don't be the even buyers of goji berries Let somebody else have a few more than you It's all you're not the one who gets the cancer from the goji bear. Do you want to be the even buyers of sensea really? Really really Come on. Just exercise. Come on. Come on. Calories in calories out people. Fourteen hundred bottles. I love it. You know that

this dude would be like leaving dinner. I'd love to stay. I have to go home and suck down some radio. I have to water. So just cold. Just real quick. Just real quick. Gonna put home real quick. Get a few bottles of radioactive water. Oh man, I feel terrible. Do you know, I thought you would enjoy this Justin, the Wall Street Journal headline the day after he died. Do you want to read that for everybody? The radio and water worked fine until his jaw came off. I love that for two reasons. One, because of what it says.

And two, at the time, that's the way journalists wrote the news. Where is that? Sweetest album title ever. By the way, go ahead, Kings of Leon, do it. This was a very important case because it strengthened the federal drug administration standards for patent medicines, which is a, you know, that's a whole episode unto itself, but medicines that weren't medicines, but-

Coming soon. Yes, patent medicines. He also made RIM, which was a radium-based affidiji act that basically made a millionaire. As a result, during World War II, William J. A. Bailey was the manager of the electronic division of IBM. So there you go. Didn't do too bad for himself considering his quackery. Tell me about more radioactive stuff. There was a Dora Maud radioactive toothpaste.

Can I say what I like about it? There were several radioactive toothpaste I should point out. I want to say the thing I like about talking about radioactive treatments for things is so much of what we talk about is complex enough that even if I were to be sent back into the early 20th century by which I mean, caveman times basically, I don't think I would be able to explain to people the severity of the situation they find themselves in.

This one's so easy. Radioactive stuff gives you cancer. And you don't know what that is yet, but it's bad. It's bad. Don't even put that in your mouth, please. Even I could be the one who's like, no, no, no, no, don't do that. That's radioactive. You don't want to do that. We're going to come over the symbol here in a few years. This says, don't, don't just don't, whatever you're going to do, this thing, don't do it. No, don't, I mean, radio act, like radioactive stuff, whatever you're gonna be in this thing, don't do it. No, I mean radioactive stuff, like you see that symbol and you run away from it

because you know it's like in the air and you don't wanna breathe it in. And back then they said, you know what, we've got these small amounts of thorium left over when we make mantles for gas lanterns, why don't we make it into toothpaste because it'll kill bacteria and that'll

make people's teeth really clean. So here's some radioactive toothpaste. Yeah, it'll also kill like your tooth cells. Radiation, emanation, activators were produced. These were initially made for medical facilities and it was a device that would like put, it would like emanate a certain amount of radioactive energy into water. And then you would know exactly how much radiation was in your water and then you could drink it or bathe in it or whatever your doctor told you to do. These were regulated by the AMA.

The AMA got mad about other imposter products that I'm gonna tell you about. Only we can insert a tasteful amount of radium into water. Exactly, this doesn't work, but we're gonna make sure it doesn't work in the way we think it doesn't work. And not the way you think it doesn't work, brought to you by the AMA.

What did this lead to, Sid? The radium or revigator? Revegator? Revegator? Revegator. Which was invented by R.W. Thomas in 1912. So these were basically like ceramic pots. You could just keep in your home.

Actually, if you look at pictures online, they look really nice. Very tasteful. Exactly. They look great in your den. I don't know. And they were aligned with radioactive material. So you would fill them with water, leave them overnight, and the next morning, pour yourself a glass of water. Enjoy. Yeah. And it would prevent. It wouldn't. No, but they thought, sonility, flatulence, and arthritis. Hey,

Senility, flatulence, and arthritis. Hey, I know my grandpa and considering their drinking water that's going to kill them in an early age of cancer, this would definitely prevent a large amount of senility and flatulence. Just statistically speaking, they would not make it to the senility

and flatulence in arthritis stage. So in that sense, I guess it's accurate. When somebody tells you that they have something that's going to prevent sonility, flagellants and arthritis, you should pretty much assume that that means you're going to die. Yeah, that means they don't have a whole preventive rampage. Then you should probably leave the room. Now to fair these prevent murder she wrote these you will never

Enjoy murder she wrote. That's a guarantee for me to you drink this. I promise you'll never watch Matt Lock you will never watch any of those CSI program you will never like CSI. This is my guarantee to you to be fair the water The they were that you would put in these pots really didn't have high levels of radiation. The biggest crime is probably just that it didn't work at all. It's a bad or good. It did have things like arsenic lead and uranium in it from the radioactive lining that was painted inside the pots, but all in all, it probably, unless you were drinking massive amounts of it, it probably didn't hurt you very much, it just certainly wasn't helping you in any way. This led to many other applications. There was

Digen's radioactive eye applicator, which was like a cream that you could put around your eyes for like, if you were near-sided or far-sided, that kind of thing. There were face creams and powders, there were medicated pads and compresses. It was even advocated as like a smoking secession aid. Like, if you want to stop smoking, take some radium. Well, you'll stop smoking. You're gonna stop smoking, you're just gonna...

Do it by stopping breathing. There you go It sounded really sad. So I stopped saying it but thanks for you know punching through there. Sorry said I'm best over there. There was a radium spa A radium At could you tell me what that name that city is? Okay. Can you tell me what that name of that city is? Yachemistal. There you go.

That's where Marie Curie isolated radium initially. Okay. That town. And there were like- Here it is, the home of radium. Here right here. Home of radium. It's the birthplace of radium.

The birthplace of radium. You can bathe in a radium bath. You wanna sit in one of our radium steam rooms? Come on, the Yachemstal. And hail a bunch of radium. Come to Yachemstal, population 2,978. Wait, nope, nope Yachim stall, a bunch of radium come to Yachim stall population 2,978 wait, nope nope nope nope, 1776 sorry about that. Oh, oh, oh, oh, no, sorry, my mistake got update that and This this led to

Uranium sandhouses which persisted all the way into the 1950s to be honest long after we knew the dangers of it all the way into the 1950s to be honest, long after we knew the dangers of radiation treatments. What could that be? So these are in places like New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, so out west, there were these like round houses, not the roundhouse. Not the snake classic roundhouse. Not the roundhouse, but roundhouses with benches, and then they would have some sand in the middle that had been premixed with like radioactive dust. And you would just sit and breathe it in. You could also fill a box with all this radioactive sand stuff and then lay in it for a while, like a coffin of radioactive sand that would fix your arthritis.

It sounds more blind than anything, but it won't fix your arthritis or brisidus or rheumatism or anything else that it says it would fix, but that's what they thought. So please tell me that we have some actual use for radioactive energy. Yeah, well, I mean obviously most people are familiar with radiation therapy for various types of malignancies So we do have of course radiation therapy via external beam So like somebody like shooting a beam of radiation into into a tumor, you know or a cancer that you have we have breaky therapy Which is like yeah the most common example is like little seeds that they implant to a prostate for prostate cancer.

So we definitely use radiation therapy in multiple ways for cancer treatment now. And then we also use radioactive iodine for thyratoxicosis or thyroid disorder. So we definitely use radiation therapy in multiple real ways nowadays. But what it took us a long time to learn is that, you know, if you don't use it for a specific disease and you just, you know, randomly apply radiation to a person that it can cause a

lot of problems. So be careful with radium. Yeah, I would try not to. Radium is actually fairly difficult to isolate, like back in the 50s, like at the height of our radium, isolating frenzy. We had like, I think that the most we had at any given time was like total five pounds of radium across the whole world.

Wow, so it was precious material. It was a very precious material. We're better at isolating it now clearly, but at the time we were not good at isolating it, which is why it was such a very fashionable thing to use for treatment is because it was hard to get. And you know, we thought it had these health benefits, which were based in some sense of reality and then quickly became surreal, I would say.

I want to say a huge thank you to people who suggested this, both Doc McBruse and Kristen Tans suggested that we talk about radium, so thank you so much. Yeah, thank you. It's a great idea. Good suggestion. And thank you, you at home, thank you for your idea. Good suggestion and Thank you you at home for listening to the show if you don't mind if you get a second would you Tweet about our show using the ads all-blown hashtag

Don't start it with ads all-blowns because then only people who follow us already We'll see it and then they already know about it. So tweet about our show using the ads all-blown hashtag You can do what I do just put hey at the beginning Don't you say that's what I do when I'm tweeting at Justin don't use the ads all bunch hashtag. You can do what I do. Just put, hey, at the beginning. Don't you say that. That's what I do when I'm tweeting at Justin. Don't use the ads all bunch hashtag. That's not real thing. Just say ads all bunch.

And by the way, when I tweet ad Justin, I tweet at Justin McAroy so you can too. When I tweet back to my beautiful, talented brilliant wife, I tweet with the ad Sydney Macaroy, S-Y-D-N-E-E. Also, please feel free to review our show on iTunes. I read every review and when they're nice,

they make me happy and I appreciate it. I mean, he lots of happy ones to cover of the ones that are mean. Because the mean ones really, you know, they hit me in that Soft place in my heart ruins my whole My heart place It's a right there in the heart place and then and then I need some domain Thank you to people beer to make me feel better. Thank you to people who reviewed the show this week people like

Chairman Wow ridiculous Q J. Rackle J. K. R. Wack J. K. K. Wack there are there's Freckles 301 TL PFC justice 1199 Yoke monkey turtle turtle girl boss turtle girl That's that that's hard to struggle bank Luberman DJ Reigns. Come party. Lance Guberman MD. DeGrinngale. DeGrinngale.

Shell Link. What? Zazantar. Zazantar. Shucky Sparkles. And Shaylin 79. Thank you so much to all of you who have reviewed the show. We super appreciate it.

Means the world to us, and it really helps us to help spread the word. Since someone, you know, a link to our home on Maximum Fun, you can use the readrexhoblinshow.com. And you can find some Maximum Fun where you'll find a lot of other great programs. Said what are some of the programs they can find? My brother, my brother, me.

Okay, that's a great one, but what about others? That's my favorite. Just John Hodgerman, Jordan Justigo, stop podcasting yourself, William Bampow. One bad mother, I could go on. Throwing shade. Bullseye. So many of our favorites are all there waiting for you to enjoy them. And we are waiting for you to meet us next Friday for another episode of

Sobbing. I'm Justin McAroy. I'm Sydney McAroy. As always, don't drill a hole in your head. Alright! Maximumfund.org Comedy and Culture, Artistone Listener Supported reported.