Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine - Sawbones: Roundworm

Episode Date: October 22, 2015

This week on Sawbones, Sydnee and Justin embark on a tour of the history of roundworms, in an episode Sydnee says will be just "Part 1" of the history of roundworms, which Justin finds horrifying, for the record. Music: "Medicines" by The Taxpayers

Saabones is a show about medical history, and nothing the hosts say should be taken as medical advice or opinion. It's for fun. Can't you just have fun for an hour and not try to diagnose your mystery boil? We think you've earned it. Just sit back, relax, and enjoy a moment of distraction from that weird growth. You're worth it. that weird growth. You're worth it. Alright, time is about to books. One, two, one, two, three, four. We came across a pharmacy with a toy and that's lost it out. We were shot through the broken glass and had ourselves a look around.

Some medicines, some medicines, the escalant macaque for the mouth. Wow! Hello everybody and welcome to Saltbone's Emerald Tour of Miscguided medicine. I am your co-host Justin McAroy and I'm Sydney McAroy How you doing, sir? I'm good Justin How are you feeling you were supposed to have a big appointment today? Yeah, I was supposed to get it a crown I got our fake replacement tooth on there right now, but I was supposed to get a crown But I good news. Well, I mean depending on your perspective, but good news, my tooth was it done. Is that good news?

Because now you still have whatever that fake tooth is that fake out of setting fake tooth. No, I mean, it's, you can't chew very well with me keeping stuff stuck back there. It's been, it's really been traumatizing for me. Honestly, I'm sorry about the impact on you. That's my primary concern. and traumatizing for me, honestly, as the one I've asked to deal with. On you. That's my primary concern.

No, I mean, I guess I'm a little sad and not have a cool new tooth, but the nice thing about it is, it didn't work, you know, no way, likes that. So it was kind of like a brief reprieve. I understand that completely. Uh-huh, I bet you do. Cause you have been 10 years.

It was kind of like, I'm not advocating that. I'm not saying that's a choice anyone else should make. Please go to your dentist everyone go now. It was kind of a nice reprieve, you know, because now I get to spend a lovely, autumnal afternoon here in front of the in the Salbo and studios. Just talking to my wife about. Worms that crawl out of your butt? Okay. Well, I might call the dentist and see if they can still squeeze me in. Maybe they can make a little room. Oh, come on.

A little room. This could be fun. This could be like a lovely couple's adventure through the world of worms and intestines. Okay. And intestinal worms. As the fish, as the ill-fated fish once said, I will bite on this worm. Sydney, what are you talking about?

Well, Justin, worms have probably been one of the most requested topics for a sawbun succub. We've covered, we've dabbled in parasitic diseases, but I think people are fascinated by worms. I remember the guinea worm. That was unpleasant. Yes, it was. It was. But it's okay because Jimmy Carter is going to eradicate it.

Jimmy Carter, he's in a racing it's time with guinea worms. He said the last guinea worm is going to die before him and I believe him. But we're not going to talk about guinea worms because we already did that. There are a lot of worms, first of all, to talk about. I was going to tell you all about roundworms because there have been lots of people who have requested roundworms. Let me thank some of them. First, Clifford, Emily, Isabelle Matthew, Dave, Don Lindsay, Nicholas, Jonathan, and Jennifer have all requested roundworms. Also known as nematodes, but there are a lot of them that can cause disease. Oh.

So I'm going to tell you- Right. Yes. I'm going to tell you a little bit about nematodes and then I'm going to- I think that this could be like a whole multi-episode arc about worms. That crawl out of your butt. Great. Okay, excellent.

How do you feel about that? Stoked to put it in one word, just stoked. All right, let's get it going. All right, going. All right, because then it's closer to not going Let's start. Let's just start with roundworms are also called nematodes. That's probably the better name or battle toads No, they're not battle toads. No, okay. No, I created a disagree There's a whole phylum nematota and they're There's a whole phylum nematota and they're different from flat worms because what I mean they're like they're tubular Right not flat around And they have like a tubular digestive system and they've got a hole at both ends and about half of them are

parasitic and there are lots of nematodes lots and lots of nematodes There may be up to in one hectare of soil, there can be up to 1.2 billion nematodes, various species. There are probably up to a million different species of nematodes. They occupy every habitat, from mount tops to ocean floors, they are beneath the earth surface, they are all over. There are ones that are parasitic to almost every plant and animal on earth. They make up 90% of animals on the ocean floor. Wow. Just nematodes.

And they are 80% of all individual animals on earth. That is a lot of nematodes. So they're everywhere, these worms. They're worms, we're still talking about worms. But they're somewhat unsettling. Yes. It's're everywhere, these worms. We're still talking about worms. But they're... Yes. It's funny because you read, there are nemetologists who study nemetodes, and there's one Nathan Cobb who talked about that basically if you removed all other living things from Earth,

you would have kind of this film of nemetodes that you could like see that like the exoskeleton, indoskeleton, have everyone to call it, of every structure and plant and animal and everything on earth made out of nematodes that would help you identify all of the creatures that used to be here. Wow, that's a lot of nematodes. Yes. I mean, it's just a whole lot.

Right. Probably at least 80,000 minimum, I would think. No, I mean, like way more than that. Okay, 85,000, 90,000, like a lot of nematodes. Yeah, well, you keep working on your estimation skills, I think they're poor. Okay. Is that a medical diagnosis or you just think?

No, I'm speaking. Generally speaking. Yeah, I think just generally. Okay. I think that's like a math teacher comment. No, fair enough, yeah, okay. You know, you gotta know your limits, I guess. Now, okay. I, you know, you got to know your limits, I guess. Um, now, like I said, there are lots and lots of species of roundworms and there are lots

that can cause infection in humans, many, many too many for one show. So first, we're going to talk about ascris. And I probably just so you know, because when you did your, your last, we did our last two part show on medical TV, Everybody was waiting for that second part. I probably won't do these all back to back because they're going to make Justin really uncomfortable. Yeah. And we've had like a rough run lately. And I would like something a little more palatable.

We'll take some breaks in between, something that won't, won't be so squirman do seem. I appreciate it. So first of all, ask, griss or ask, griss lumber coides, which is a roundworm that infects the human gut There's a sister worm that ascarus assume that it can infect pigs But we're probably more concerned with the one that that can infect our Colum Yeah, well, I mean, I don't know babe pig in the city was a really good movie. So I'd hate it fat. You're worried about babe

I'm worried about babe. Well, they probably started out as like the same worm and then we domesticated pigs and we hung out with pigs all the time. All the time. Now we each have our own flavor. Okay. Yeah, who knows?

We'll blame it on the pigs. They gave it to us. It still affects over. I think we're probably even. We have visited some unfortunate things on pigs in the last few years. That's fair. Few millennia?

Yeah. No, that's fair. Especially with the in recent years, everyone's like fascination with bacon. Guys, can I just say something like we all know bacon tastes good. Move on, just eat it. Just eat it, move on. Don't act like it's something fancy or special if like there's bacon and something like, come on. Bacon's everywhere now.

We all know bacon's great. We know if you're moving everything from the earth. You can see a vague skeleton of bacon that tells you where the fat people used to live. That's all it is. They're just bacon shadows, they call them bacon, bacon ripples, bacon echoes. There's a lot of terminology. A humanity. They're bacon ripples of humanity throughout the universe. I think that was on an episode of Dr. Who. Now, Ascorus still

affects over a billion people worldwide. And the way you get it is mainly from drinking or eating the eggs in contaminated food and water. So it's past room person to person. So, you know, in areas where there isn't as much sanitation, where water quality is poor, or where people use, are you familiar with the term night soil? No, actually. Or night fertilizer, night soil. I think night soil is more common.

Anyway, it's people who use for fertilizer, they use human feces. Okay. So if that's prevalent, Secret Dirt is what we call that back in the day. Back when you used it. Secret Dirt. Back when I used it. My air cultural years.

So using that, especially if you have ascris and then you're passing the eggs and your stool and then you grow your food in night soil and then there are eggs on, you know, like on vegetables, like if they're not cleaned properly or it can be in meat or fish or whatever. So just to be clear, because this is something we run into from time to time, we make light of stuff on this show just because that's the show, but don't want people to get the mistaken impression that this is not still a serious issue for the people that are faced with it, of course, mainly in developing nations.

I think it's fair to say. So we don't want to get the impression that we're making light of their plight because it is obviously very, very much not a goof. No, absolutely. An ascris is present in basically every country on Earth. You can get it anywhere, but it definitely is more common places where sanitation is more of an issue for sure. But you can get it here.

Great. Okay, cool. Cool afternoon, Evan. So, I mean, I take it seriously when they tell you to wash your produce. Yeah. Right? We should start doing that. I know. No, we do that. We do that. We do produce. Yeah, right? We should start doing that. I know.

No, we do that. We do that. We do that. Yeah, we do that. Yes, we do. Do you not? Yes, dad. I don't want to know. Never mind.

The eggs of Asker's are pretty hearty. We have found them from as far back as 30,000 years ago. Wow. They're like pretty tough little buggers. And they live in, they can hang out in the soil, I should say. They won't fulfill their life cycle there, but they can hang out in the soil for a long time. They may be the oldest human parasite that we have documentation of and they've been found from Peru to Egypt to Tennessee. And they've written about, been written

about in the ancient medical records from China, Greece, Rome, basically, everywhere. So they're everywhere. They're pervasive. Make them cells known. Yes. And get them out there. Yes.

And when I described you the worm, it'll be obvious why people knew about them because this is not a subtle, this is not subtle. It's kind of like when we talked about the guinea worm, like you know if you have it. Right. It's not a subtle disease. Same idea with Ascoris. A couple people have been instrumental in figuring out kind of this life cycle of Ascoris and where it comes from and how the eggs are passed along and all this kind of stuff. Before them, it was described in the 17th

century by Dr. Edward Tyson, which is great because he just observed and wrote about the course of the infection and what it did and that kind of stuff and that was Excellent, but I really think there are two more scientists who deserve a little bit more credit in the Serena A one is Dr. Giovanni Batista-Grossi who in 1878 decided he really wanted to get intimately acquainted with the life cycle of this worm so he took eggs that he found in a corpse that he was performing an autopsy on. And he wanted to test out.

So if I swallow these, am I then going to get infected? Because that would, you know, then he would prove that it was, you know, passed by my favorite route of transmission, the fecal oral route. Sure. Right. The, the, the, the, by lane to flavor country, we call it. So, uh, he wanted to do this, but he had to prove that he didn't have worms first, right? Around 66 would often be, uh, appropriate.

But, so, so he had to prove that he didn't already have worms because that would blow his whole, you know, theory if he already had him and he thought he got him from anyway. So he took these eggs that he harvested and he kind of made like a little, just about a year, while he tested his own stool regularly for the presence of eggs. You know, a lot of the images we get of scientists and media TV and movies are of the anti-social loner and I think it's easy to forget. Scientists are just like us. I think that it's important to know that everything we understand, not just about like medical history, but I mean every branch of science, is on the backs of people like Dr. Grossi, who was willing to every day for a year poop in a cup and look through it under microscope

for the presence of parasite eggs. And then at the end of that year when he had determined, he felt comfortable saying he did not in fact have ascarus, he drank the eggs that he had preserved. He actually only needed to do it for six months, but you know how it is when you get into a habit, just feels right. So he drank the eggs 22 days later, assuming he was continuing his daily fecal investigation. It's probably your morning routine, right?

You have your, you get up, you take a shower, you have your coffee, you examine your poop for ask your sex, and he found them in his feces, so he proved that transmission. He was not the only one to do this. I think that's the most interesting, because like, once somebody's done this, like as a currently practicing physician, like, I have that piece of information. Thank you, dude, for doing this,

because that means like, the onus is not on me, right, to do it. But there was a Japanese pediatrician in 1922, Dr. Shimeis U Sukino, who said, you know, we still don't understand this enough. I'm not ready to be done with this self-experimentation. I'm going to do this as well. So he took a step further. He drank about 2000 Ascarus Lumbercoides eggs, which is, I think, the most that have ever been like intentionally ingested, not that there's like a huge How about again a competition for that?

But in order to study again the life cycle, but he took it a step further He also made his brother his younger brother drink 500 of the asgro assume that the pigworm eggs To say that as well when I was younger we used to play a game called Taste My Steel where I would throw a steel baseball bat or an aluminum baseball bat at my little brother, Griffin, who would then duck or try to leap out of the way. Taste My Steel. I am like one of those brothers

who gave their kidney to their brother compared to this dude. Like I am a saint. Now, to be fair, he got much thicker than his little brother did. Well, he ate four times as many dirty eggs, how would hope so. And he ate the ones that caused human problems. He actually drank so many that he began coughing up the larva, which was a really, I don't know, that sounds terrible, but this was a really important finding for Dr. Koyno,

because this helps us to understand kind of the weird indirect pathway that these little guys take when they get inside our body. He actually coughed the eggs into the drink, he wasn't joining at the time, and that is how we got bubble tea. Now you know, the rest of the story. I already never wanted to drink bubble tea like I've had it. I never wanted to drink it again, but now I really don't. Triple duper don't. Yeah.

So what's next said, what else you got for me? I'm not skewed out yet. I'm doing, I'm doing okay. How do I know if I have this thing though so I can get out in front of it? Well, I'm going to tell you about the long-strange journey of the Ascrow's worm inside your body. Right after you take this long-strange journey with me to the billing department. Let's go. The medicines, the medicines, that ask you to lift my car before the mouth. So how do I know if I have one of these worms? So like I said, the worm is not done once you swallow it and it makes it to your stomach.

Like it's about to go on a trip. So you eat the worms, however, and they migrate from your stomach to the small intestine to your liver, and then from your liver, they're going to make the trip to your heart via the portal circulation system, so blood vessels, basically. From your heart, they're going to make it to your lungs. And this is important because as Dr. Koyno noted, he was coughing up warm larva, right? Well, what you do when you cough up those warm larva is you auto, in fact, you re-swallow them. So you kind of cough, swallow that back down, and you've just infected your gut again with worms.

Oh, and never ending cycle kind of thing. Which is important, which is exactly how it's supposed to work. I mean, if you're looking from the worms' perspective. Right, that's how they want it to run. Right, which is kind of a fascinating indirect route to go. They make it back to their desired location of the intestines at that point, and they're at a point where they are adults

and they can attach inside your, which way they just kind of live there, they don't attach, they just kind of hang out in there, and relay eggs, and then you're gonna see the eggs back in your stool. When they're in your lungs, they can cause, so they're gonna cause a bunch of different symptoms. When they're in your lungs, they can cause, so they're going to cause a bunch of different symptoms. When they're in your lungs, they can cause a pneumonitis

like an inflammation of your lungs, so you can get like cough and wheezing and shortness of breath and that kind of thing. Like the kind of symptoms you'd get from another pneumonia inflammation or pneumonia or inflammation infection, that kind of thing. That's called lawfulers syndrome. Once they're back in your intestines and your, you know, now they're laying eggs and they're coming out in your poop and you are a disease vector, you can get some other kinds of symptoms. You can get loss of appetite, you can get vomiting, you can have your belly swell, you know, distension. You can have a lot of abdominal pain.

They can even cause if there's enough of them blockage inside your intestines, the, you know, ducts of your liver inside your gallbladder, that kind of thing. If there are that many worms in there, which there can be, there are some people who are infected with multiple multiple of these worms, not just one. That's good to know. Here, I thought it was just the one, but it sounds like a lot. No, I mean, a lot of the time, if you're eating or drinking contaminated food, it's not contaminated with one egg, it's contaminated with multiple eggs. Right, sure, yeah, yeah.

So we tend to have like have this image of like worms in the intestines of like people who have that one big long tapeworm. I've got that image all the time. Well, I mean, I do. Okay. But these are different, but first of all, the tapeworms,

and secondly, you can get a lot more ascrow's than just one. Four to 16 days or so after you swallow the eggs, you're gonna get the initial like pulmonary, like lung symptoms and the systemic, feverish and chills and that kind of stuff. But it's gonna take about six to eight weeks for you to start getting all the stomach symptoms

that are gonna tell you something's wrong down there. I mean, that's been a look forward to, though. You know, like, you know, you got that coming up. Yeah. Well, it's important to set goals. Sure, right, right. You're playing around it. That's the secret.

Don't cancel that trip to Disney World. You're not gonna feel like doing that. Now, if you do, um, poop out of worm. Great conversation starter from Sydney, McRoy. You're going to know about it. Yeah. This is probably why when I said like this disease has been described all throughout medical literature throughout history is because it similar to the guinea worm. You don't miss it. It's a fairly large worm, especially the females are bigger than the males,

and it can be up to 35 centimeters in length. Just pretty big. It's between two and six millimeters wide. It's like a creamy, light, like white color all the way to like a light brownish kind of color. It's a cylinder, it's round, you know, it's roundworm, and it's tapered at both ends. So, like, you're not gonna miss it. If it comes out, this isn't something, like, sometimes people come in and be like, I think I may have pooped out of worm, but I'm not really sure. There are worms that are more subtle. Ascris is not it.

You know. You know. If it's, yeah, you know if you've pooped out of an ass. I'm shocked it'll just let you poop it out. It seems like he would like crawl back up the pipes or something and climb on your toothbrush or something. It doesn't normally. It normally like you have to take medicine for you. Great.

Okay. Pooped out. Figured. Now, when it comes to cures, because these have been around for a really long time, people have been trying to figure out, like, is there some way to get rid of it for a really long time? The ancient Egyptians had some cures that involved like different reads and plants that you had grind up and you could cook them with some honey and take that to try to clear your system of worms, pomegranates, or a popular treatment, just eat a bunch of pomegranates and more.

Sure, which is. Yeah, which why not? You know, Hippocrates wrote a lot about worms. He described them in great detail all the different symptoms that they would cause, that he understood that they lived in the intestines and that there were various different symptoms, you know, different systems that could be affected by the worm. And he described some treatments as well. One actually involved like cutting a worm. And he described some treatments as well. One actually involved like cutting a worm. He described where he cut a worm out of a boy's abdominal wall, like right out

of the wall because it hit form like a fistula, like a little track from inside the intestines outside the body. And he just like cut it open and tried to pull the worm out that way. This is even educational anymore. You're just trolling me right? No, that's like that's I mean, we don't do it that way. Like that's not what we do now, but like that was that was what your monster. Yeah, I believe you. No, I buy it. I just I feel like you're setting up this it's become less of a podcast and more of like a saw type prison of audio that you've constructed for me each week that I have to like just me and my anxiety

have to like drag our car away out of somehow. Well nobody's gonna, now if you were infected with Askeris, nobody's gonna cut it out of your abdominal wall, they're just gonna give you medicine and they'll make you poop it out. But you know how the minds eye works, right? Like you know that I know objectively that's not happening to me.

And yet I have to live here with these thoughts and notions and images. See, I can't connect with this. Okay, great. I mean, I've studied this for a long time. Moving on. If you didn't wanna have a warm cut out of your stomach wall and I don't, you could try Hippogridies recommended,

fasting for three days in the new drink a mixture of like Maserated parsley and honey or apply a compress of like greasy hair and some fruit and some leaves and some cedar oil Oh, and then also you need to eat garlic and then wash your hair and then rinse it with seawater Which all I think sounds more appetizing. Yeah, why didn't you lead with that one? Seriously At least try it first, even though it's made up and won't work. It looks like it's going to be some time to install. There were surgeons that would occasionally just cut the worms out. That's been documented

different times where they would see patients with big swollen bellies and they would suspect that worms were the culprit. And so they would just do these big abdominal surgeries to try to remove all the worms. But throughout most of history, surgery itself was way too risky. Sure, right. It would be worth the yeah. No, so unless you had somebody who was about to die from like a blockage or something, you wouldn't have attempted this just because you thought maybe they had some worms in there. Right. There are all kinds of herbal remedies that you'll read about. Things that something something I thought was very seasonal, pumpkin seeds. Oh sure, pumpkin spice is huge right now. So here's just yet another place in your life to build room for it.

I don't see like Starbucks ever advertising that, like the PSL, also good for intestinal worms. Yeah, I mean, it's not a huge selling point, but there's so many other pumpkin drinks in the game now, maybe they need a way to differentiate. Do you want to borrow that Starbucks? Just let me know. Yeah, let us know. You got to put the seeds in there, though. There are also some different, like I said, some different herbal remedies, something called the paco leaf, cascara, and then lots of different laxatives, basically. Lots of recommendations for sena or prunes or something like that. The idea being like I don't know maybe like you could create like a tidal wave effect

like through your everybody in test and right last stop. Like evacuate exactly three flush everything straight out of there. One interesting kind of note about ascus that I stumbled upon as I was reading about it and researching, did you know that Richard III had Ascreus? No, I know we found him not too long ago. We found his body in like a parking lot or something, right? That is right. The way you just described that is very different than the reality that we found the body of Richard

and the third in a parking lot. Like we uncovered the remains of Richard the third in the earth underneath. You were like in the trunk of a Subaru. Like yes, he was buried there. It sounded like a very different, you know, just like a very... That's King Richard the third.

He looks great. Episode of like Unsolved Mysteries that we were about to start. We found the man's king Richard the third and you look great episode of like unsolved mystery Right, we were about to start we found the body of King Richard the third in the parking lot And in an town in England no in 2012 we found the remains of The last Yorkist king His death ended the war of the roses. I'm giving you some facts about Richard the third in case you don't know You there's a Shakespeare play about him. So I assume you know everything about him.

I know everything in the Shakespeare play. Now it's our discontent. Make Gloria's son by the son of York. Are you going to, are you going to do it all now? I'm not unless you want more than that. No, I don't. Okay, that's all I got. Unless I want to call your bluff, I guess.

No, I'm literally telling you that's all I know. I'm looking dead in the eye and saying that's all I got. Unless I want to call your bluff, I guess. No, I'm literally telling you that's all I know. I'm looking dead in the eye and saying that's all I know. We'll stop. So when they uncovered his remains among his very... Grab, I hope that's where the third, pretty sure it is. Don't let me know if it's not just lie to me. Just lie to me, baby. Please just let me know.

Somebody's gonna, it has already corrected you. We've already gotten a tweet or a Facebook message already correcting you if you're wrong. It's been a while since I was spending considerable time with the classics. There you're, man, your theater professors from college are going to be so disappointed. I didn't listen. That's fair. They don't.

So among his various other ailments and wounds, they, the researchers also discovered a huge amount of ascrasse eggs preserved in the soil kind of around the area where the king's pelvis was. So like insinuating that you know you can assume that they were from his intestines. Around the area of his pelvis you know like we're where the intestines would have been before you know time. Got it. Earth took its course. This suggests that the king probably had a pretty bad case of worms.

Now, because at the time he would have been, we could say among them more well-nourished members of society. Sure, one would think. He was not suffering for lack of food. It probably didn't cause him any any huge problems He would not have suffered Mount Erichman from having the worms. He probably so plenty to eat But he would have had occasional like stomach pains from it from it. Yeah, it was actually very common in the medieval era

But it would have affected like you know peasantants who didn't have access to regular food. A lot of bad hygiene, our medgences, we didn't know that hygiene existed. Well, yeah, well everybody had bad hygiene and everybody had worms, but if you didn't have access to food, if you were poor and you didn't have a lot of food, it would have been harder on you.

What would they be even done for like occasional stomach pain back in the day? Well, I mean, they probably would have just bled him. Sure. I mean, that's probably how he would have been treated. He is humors would have been thought to be out of wax or they would have like administered things to make him pee or make him poop or make him puke or just bleeding.

Lots of bleeding, you know, this was like leech time and cutting time and that kind of thing. Sure. Yeah. Um, it was also a time when many farmers use feces as fertilizer. So that's probably where the King got it. He probably ate some vegetables from the garden that you know had a little bit of earth left on them. And then he got infection. And like I said, he probably was just treated by the you know, barber surgeons with bleeding and such, or maybe some dietary adjustments. Now, of course, he was killed in battle in 1485 from a huge trauma to the back of his skull.

Probably a sword. That would be my guess that he was like striking the back of the head, and that has nothing to do with worms. But what's interesting to know about Ascrasse is that sometimes the worms are known to, like, when body is in acute stress like right right before you die.

They they kind of abandon ship. Oh, like they don't want to go down to so they want to like leave this vessel that is about to no longer be viable. So they may they may I'm not saying they did, but they may burst forth from many orifice that is nearby. Cool. Finally, a full proof cure for roundworm. Get hit in the head with a sword

and they'll burst out of your tear ducts. That would be a pretty, can you imagine like that image of someone who was just been struck on the battlefield and then as they're dying like worms bursting out. You must have thought you hit him so hard. Guys, did you see that good swing I did? Man, I like the words.

Look at how that fool. I don't know. This may be just like a last like the last thing you're getting back at your enemy, like your final vengeance is like this horrifying thing that they're gonna be like branded on their brain for the rest of eternity of that image. I'm not saying that happened to Richard III, I don't have no idea. Just like a thought.

Just how do we actually treat it? We actually treat it with some medications, albindasalma, bindasal, pepperzing, depending on what's available. It can even be treated with one dose of some of these medications. So there are mass treatment programs in areas depending on what's available, it can even be treated with one dose of some of these medications. So there are mass treatment programs in areas where it's really common. It sometimes helps to just come in like every six months and treat everybody just assuming that they've been exposed

to the to the worms. This is something that I've participated in myself in my in some of my ventures. Safe water, of course, cooking and cleaning food appropriately is all part of, you know, preventing, preventing yourself from getting it is better than treating it because if you are treated, like I said, a worm's gonna come out of your butt. Nobody wants that. Nobody wants that, you know, and that's a bad road to stare down. It's like, I want treatment for this worm that's in me, but then I'm gonna have to see it come out in the toilet.

So here's how we can get those taken care of too. They're on the way out with the route, the guinea worm, maybe probably not. There's a lot of them. There's a lot of them. They're really common. We're also fans of Laxia's in the Maximum Fun Network. I make a few others, like my brother and my brother me and the Adventure Zone, Sid and I just sat in on a guest episode of Ono Ross and Carrie where we went to West Virginia's

The Mystery Hole. So look for their podcast and you can go listen to our our little adventure there. It was a lot of fun Although it shows it our maximum fun.org I also want to say a big thanks to the tax pay attention as user song medicines is the intro nature of our program and So I think I'm forgetting So I think I'm forgetting. Nothing. Oh, you should, if you like my sister Riley, and I know I do, who occasionally guests on saw bones, you should go check out her GoFundMe page

where she is trying to raise money for her speech and debate team. If you want a link to that, you can visit our Facebook page, saw bones on Facebook. And there's a link that you can follow if you're interested, and you want to support speech and debate. Also, thanks to folks who have sent us stuff on our PO Box. It's a sobhones PO Box 54,

honey, 214, 25706. Thanks to Mark Ferris for the magazine, Ian sent us a lovely yo-yo, Dianna sent us a shirt for Charlie, and Vanessa sent us a lovely book and donation. So thank you to everybody who did that, you are too kind. And that's going to do it for us until next week. My name is Justin McRoy. Justin and Cindy McRoy.

And as always, don't drill a hole in your head. Alright! Maximumfund.org Comedy and Culture Artistone Listener Supported or comedy and culture, artist owned. Listen or supported.