Sawbones: A Marital Tour of Misguided Medicine - Sawbones: The Ejaculation Panic

Episode Date: November 7, 2023

In the 1800s, there was a growing concern about spermatorrhea, a condition that involves involuntary and excessive semen leakage or discharge. Some doctors (and people who claimed to be doctors) were quick to come up with some truly terrifying solutions . . . except that it was largely a panic and not really happening at all. Music: "Medicines" by The Taxpayers https://taxpayers.bandcamp.com/

Saw bones is a show about medical history, and nothing the hosts say should be taken as medical advice or opinion. It's for fun. Can't you just have fun for an hour and not try to diagnose your mystery boil? We think you've earned it. Just sit back, relax, and enjoy a moment of distraction from that weird growth. You're worth it. that weird growth. You're worth it. Alright, talkies about some books. One, two, one, two, three, four. Hello everybody and welcome to Sawbones, a mantle tour of Miss Guy and Medicine. for the mouth. Hello, everybody. Welcome to Saw Bones, a mantle to her misguided medicine. I'm your co-host Justin McElroy.

And I'm Sydney McElroy. This episode to me, you said feels like a scene from speed. You know, where the pressure is really on, and they don't know how long they have before the bus explodes. Well, we really decided to make this as intense as possible by recording while our children are awake and with us Like there's no other adults. They're here to help us

They're here at the moment and so we're We're letting the television babysitter children. Yes, and thank you thank you to Lenky Box for all the help today. This episode brought to you by Lenky Box. No, that's not true. That's not. No, they get afford to give us some money if they want to do that. No, that's not true.

But we are going to do our best to record a whole podcast without parenting. And if we don't succeed in this run, you'll never know, because we'll find some other Magical serious time that we haven't discovered yet No, and it's especially important So our children while they're not being watched they're they're right outside the door I don't want to I don't want to misconstrued that they're unsafe. They're right outside. They're fine

They're absolutely fine. They're right there They can but at any moment that could cease being true and the episode will stop. But I did also not want them like physically right next to us as we talked about this topic, because this topic is of a sexual nature. Oh. And I am not ready to discuss this topic with our nine or five year old. Okay. And I tell you this so that if you have anyone younger who listens to our show,

we all, we will be discussing a sexual topic. So use your own discretion as to who is, who is, and I can tell, I'm sure enough to hear this. I can tell how comfortable you are with that. Might you're completely normal, tone of voice. The same way you always sound like a greeter at medieval times, ushering people to their table for their, uh, mutton. I can, I can talk of it's the, the, there are some younger people who listen to our show, and I don't want to make anyone uncomfortable. Um, Adrian sent us this topic.

Thank you, Adrian. I had never heard of spermatteria. Um, me either. Nor had I heard of spermatomania. Whoa, that one's a little bit more wild, huh? Which is related to spermatteria. Suggesting you're not familiar with spermatteria. I don't know.

And could you guess what you think it is? There's sperm is at the top there. Yeah. And there's that Ria, which is an RRHA Ria. Oh, RRHA. That's how diarrhea. So tons of sperm shooting out everywhere. Yeah, it's basically it.

That's more or less it. Yeah, so it's not necessarily shooting out though. It's sort of just like the constant, consistent leakage of sperm of semen. It's just kind of like dripping out. A, B, J, A always B, B, J. Well, you know, did you mean E? A always B, B, J. Oh, I thought you meant ejaculating. That's actually a better. Let me switch gears. A, always B, B, E, ejaculating. That's better. Yes, that's what it was.

Well, and see, I assume you were making reference to, was a crude euphemism. Yes, inappropriate. For masturbation. No, for orgasming. A phen dial area. Another J. A lot of J words associated with that there. Yes, I don't know why that might be. Okay. No, but it's interesting though,

because specifically there was a concern. And by the way, I want to focus on this, like this Bermatteria kind of panic that happened mostly in Western medicine, especially when we're looking at like the 1800s. Because this is really something that by the time we hit the turn of the century into the year 1900, this is something that would fade away really quickly. And now if you talk about sperma-taria, for the most part in Western medicine, it's not

something that exists. There's still some corollaries to what I'm talking about in like Ayurvedic medicine or traditional Chinese medicine because I think it depends on what your culture, like what sort of stress and importance it places on semen and sperm and what that means to your general health and wellness. But I'm focusing specifically on this chapter

of medical history where mainly, I mean, like European, American, mainly British, mainly British men got really worried about sperm constantly leaking out. Okay. Because what's interesting about it is that it probably wasn't happening, but it became, it was like the, the hysteria equivalent for people with penises. Would have only urban legend, like I heard from a friend, a friend that this was, there was a guy that was always ejaculating. Well, like, no, like, there's no such thing as hysteria, really, right?

Right. Like, nobody's uterus is moving around inside their body and making them do different things. Correct. Okay. Nobody was just constantly leaking, well, at least the people who were diagnosed with spermataria were not actually walking around leaking seamen all the time. Okay. They were a victim of the restrictive Victorian culture.

Oh. Okay. So at the time, there was already this concern about masturbation. And this is really kind of where spermaeteria starts to arise. So we already have published back in the 1700s books about the dangers of masturbation and how not just from like a religious perspective, a moral perspective, like masturbation is like something you should feel guilty about, but also that it like has a physical effect on how strong you are, how healthy you are, how view, you're right. So basically you're robbing your virility by masturbating. how strong you are, how healthy you are, how beautiful you are. So basically you're robbing your virility

by masturbating. Right, right, because keeping the right balance of semen is incredibly important to your health. And this even dates back to the humors. Semen was one of the things that you had to either, like even in the Greek tradition, like you could release, you could intentionally, now that Greeks were okay with masturbation. They're like, yes, you know that. You know that, right?

Like they were okay with it because sometimes like you needed to masturbate in order to get red of extra semen and certainly something like a nocturnally mission. Do you know what that is? Yes, that I do. Would you like to share the in layman's terms? What is a nocturnally mission. Do you know what that is? Yes, that I do. Would you like to share the in layman's terms, what is a nocturnally mission? Oh, you always come to me for the layman's stuff.

I appreciate it. I believe that would be what we in the medical community do not call a wet dream. A wet dream. And that would have been like something that you needed, your body needed to do perhaps, to balance out the amount of semen. But either way, we already had this kind of cultural understanding that semen is very important.

Yes. And having the correct amount is very important. There's this reference from an Ayurvedic text where they say that it takes 40 meals to make a drop of blood. It takes 40 drops of blood to make one drop of bone marrow and it takes 40 drops of bone marrow to make one drop of blood. It takes 40 drops of blood to make one drop of bone marrow, and it takes 40 drops of bone marrow to make one drop of semen. So there you go.

That's where semen ranks. That's wild to think about, say that the fact that that is true. No, wait, that's not true. Wait. That's definitely not true. But like that's, I think just to show you that this idea that as we enter the 1800s, we have a lot of people

who are very concerned about not masturbating, or masturbating the appropriate amount if there is such a thing. Right down the middle. Right. The person who picks up on that is Claude Francois Lollamond, who publishes in this practical treatise about lots of different stuff about medicine, because he was a professor. He also talked about specifically that whether we're talking about masturbation or nocturnal emissions, wet dreams, these are things that are degrading men. These are things that are sort of like disrupting your general health and wellness and that will not just make you less masculine,

but will make you generally sick. The men don't need help degrading themselves. We're doing fine. And this really seized on, it's interesting because I think that we have this perception that like our concept of masculinity and how it relates to like sexual virility has always been kind of static. Like, if you're really masculine, and I'm talking in very like generic stereotypical, you know, heteronormative terms, if you're very masculine, then you like to have sex and you want to do that a lot and so you would engage in sexual activities a lot, whether those be alone or with others, right? And that all of that is acceptable

and even like applauded in someone who is masculine. This is not true if we look at the 1800s. Specifically, there's a definition of masculinity that has a lot to do with self-restraint. Your ability to recognize those urges. And triumph over them. Exactly. Yes. In order to preserve that, you know, vital essence, very literally the licor of life, if you will, you were semen. And so it wasn't enough just to be tough

and be strong and be masculine. You, you did want to have sex. Don't get it. Don't get it. But specifically, and this was really like a disease that mainly plague middle class men. Because if you were, if you were very wealthy, then there was this sort of societal understanding that you were prone to decadence. There were things that the very wealthy could engage in. The pleasures of the flesh. And we don't talk about it or think about it. Well, no, we think about it, but we're

very Victorian. So we certainly don't talk about it. But we accept that there's a level of wealth where we don't question why. You're just going to have to do it a bunch. And then there is, and then there is on the other end of the spectrum, people in the lower classes were considered to be more like, well, they would give into their animal instincts. Makes sense. You know, they would engage in sex with somebody like a sex worker. And that was not something that if you were

like in that middle class, you were not supposed to do those things. You wouldn't, those were considered morally incorrect, so you wouldn't engage with a sex worker. You were supposed to wait till marriage. And that was across the board. Like everybody was supposed to wait till marriage. That was very much an ideal of the time. So you wouldn't just go have sex with people to, you know, enjoy it. Yes, there has to be purpose. But you couldn't be decadent and then like go masturbate

because you get chased. Well, and that again, that was that would betray, like you have no self control. Okay. And so enter into this sort of attitude, this concept of, because Dr. Sharia writing up these case studies of men who are walking around with, and here are the symptoms that they started to have of spermataria. They could have the continual leakage of semen from their penises. Well documented. They could have frequent ejaculations without being able to like predict control, basically like every,

there were men who reported every time I look at an attractive woman, I just ejaculate. And I can't stop it. That could be a symptom of sporadium. I was told that a porky's maybe. There were definitely cases where people said, That could be a symptom of spread or a report. There were definitely cases where people said, you know, I have premature ejaculation or impotence could be a symptom of spermataria. I know that sounds like the opposite, right?

Like what do you mean? Hey, what, which, what is it? Yes. Is it all the time or is it ever? Come on. To the side. And so because there was already so much conversation around when and how and who can ejaculate as doctors and especially surgeons, this really was,

and this was a time in medical history where physicians and surgeons were very separate. And they occupied different realms of sort of like the social strata. And I think that's important in understanding why this became so incredibly popular for a very brief period of history and then vanished. So physicians were regarded as like of a higher status.

Then surgeons. Yes, then surgeons. And so like a physician didn't spend a lot of time touching people. Most surgeons use Mr. right? Like Mr. and surgery. At the time, yeah, yeah, they didn't even use the term doctor touching people. Most surgeons use Mr. right? Like Mr. Dermot. At the time, yeah, they didn't even use the term doctor. And their training was totally,

they were derived from the barber surgeon. So their training, oftentimes was more like an apprenticeship and was very unstructured. Whereas at this point in medical history, you would have expected someone who had the title physician to have gone to a university, to have studied, and was probably what we would consider kind of like your like renaissance, mainly men at the time,

man who like understood the classic spoke multiple languages. You know, it was very cultured and went through a formal training where as a surgeon at the time could have been anything. You know, there were surgeons who actually had done surgery and then there were people who... Marher, Marher and the Fit and said,

is it right, they're good from the bad back then? Exactly. And so you have physicians who do not touch the body, really. I mean, they have limited examination, but most of what they do is within the mind. And then they tell you what to do. Surgeons touch humans.

And so there was this sort of like, their status was considered lower because there was something inherently kind of... Common? Common about that. Yes, about engaging with a physical body. You have to use your hands. It's like a baby game. And surgeons were the ones who really focused on spermateria, in part probably because this

would have been the same strata of society who was suffering from spermataria. They were also the same middle class men. The doctors that's beneath them, this isn't a problem. No, doctors would never, doctors would never. But surgeons, surgeons. But surgeons. And so what happened is that surgeons really seized upon this concern for spermataria and began advertising very heavily that this is something that can strike anyone anywhere,

that can be a real plague on not just a person's health but on their family, you know, on the society, their productivity in the workplace, the health of their marriage, if they're masturbating or seeking, you know, sex elsewhere outside their marriage, these are things that are concerning. And so they really started publicizing this as kind of the scourge of our times. So because it was surgeons, did they start looking for a surgical fix?

Yes. And by the way, just to give you an example of some things that they would tell you, like spermatteria, these are all the things that it could present as. And they would warn you like anything can trigger this. By the way, anything can trigger this. So be on the lookout because soft beds, flannel trousers, sitting in front of a fire, a full bladder, sleeping on one's back, thunderstorms, or sitting in railway carriages could all be triggers

first Bermatteria. All thing, all the modern dangers could be triggers for the new American import baseball. Perhaps a peach, a peach melba that's too decadent could cause it. Any of these things could trigger you to have some Bermatteria. And certainly, of course, masturbation

was one of the worst things you could do. And so surgeons had pretty, I would say drastic solutions to this because it was considered such a big deal, right? Like, I mean, we're talking about Threatening with the very essence of who at that time in history, a man would have thought he was. You're losing it. And so in the face of such a dire ailment,

I think inserting something into the urethra is the very least we can do. It's worth a shot at least. So, I'm going to tell you exactly what you're going to put in there. Oh, wait, no, no, no. You need to watch your pronouns because I'm not putting anything in there. But first we got to go to the building department. Let's go! What is up people of the world? Do you have an argument that you keep having with your friends and you just can't seem to settle it and you're sitting there arguing about whether it's star trek or star wars? Or you can't decide what is the best nut, or can't agree on what is the

best cheese. Stop doing that! Listen to We Got This with Mark and Hal, only on Max Fun. Your topics ask and answer objectively, definitively, for all time. So don't worry, everybody. We got this! We got this! We got this!

We got this! We got this! We got this! We got this. We got this. All right, so do we fix it this or what? I mean, it's not really a problem, but like if it was, we would have been totally fixed right now. And by the way, a lot of this, there's a great article called Body Doubles, The Spamateria Panic by Ellen Biake-Rosunman from the Journal of History and Sexuality, or Journal of History of Sexuality from 2003. And thank you to my friend John for helping me get this. Thank you. That details a lot of like the psychological side of this, like that helped me understand the time period and like what was going on society that made it so and like what was going on societally that made it so ripe for something like this. So anyway, a treatment that they would commonly use is cauterization. And so first of all, you empty the bladder.

So first we're gonna stick a catheter in there and get all the pee out of you. Okay. Okay, thank you. Then we're gonna take something called a bougie, which is a long thin. It's what? Bougie. A bougie? Okay. It's a long thinogie. A boogie? Okay.

It's a long thin metal instrument. And then you put something that doesn't, something cute. You put something on the end that's caustic, something that's going to irritate and blister the skin. Okay. A very common thing would be like silver nitrate, which we even used today, like you might see silver nitrate applied to stop like bleeding or like granulateating, or wound isn't healing correctly. Sometimes we see a surgeon do this.

Okay. Anyway, so silver nitrate is something that we still use today for certain things, but not in this way. So what you would do is you put some silver nitrate on the end of the bougie, and you would insert it into the urethra. And what you are trying to do is basically

kill any nerve endings. Oh no. Yes. Oh no. Yes. Oh gosh. Yes. Now, like doctors would tell you like this is gonna hurt.

Yeah. It will not be pleasant. It will not be pleasant. And it could kill you. That was part of the warning, because it was a very drastic. Like let it go. Wow. Yikes. So, but they would, they would do the anatomy most of the time.

It wasn't going to kill you, but they did preface with that. Like this is a big, intense, serious thing we're doing. And after you inserted it in there, and it might take a couple, although many doctors noted that like, usually they didn't come back for a second one. Yeah, they were good. The idea is that it would help you master. Right. No, it would help you master the urge to masturbate.

It would help you master your penis. Because it would not be so sensitive anymore. It would not, you would not feel urges and excitement and arousal like you did before. Okay. And so you would be in more control of that. Got it. And then, and I mean, part of this too,

this isn't like an attempt to never have sex. The ideal is to rain it in so that you can just use it when you should and when you do use it, it works really well. That's the other part of it, because what they would promise you is like you won't get aroused on the train anymore. You know, you won't get aroused every time you sit in front of a fireplace. That was one of the warnings. But when you are with your wife in your marital bed, You can get hard and have an orgasm. Dr. I've been coming to see you for a while, and I'm not sure you're comfortable talking

about this. Every time you do, you put bigger and bigger gaps between your words. Dr. I'm not sure that you're as comfortable with this procedure as you say. Now this was one of the treatments, and this was a pretty common one. There were other ways that they went about treating it. You could apply leeches to the anus perfectly reasonable. The the usual things diuretics things that make you pee, laxatives and inemones clean you out, make you poop. Because I mean we we're still in a time where constipation is such a scourge, right?

We're not into the real thick of that when constipation is responsible for all the evils of mankind, but we're getting there. And then a variety of suppositories that you could insert with opium and things like that. There are some diagrams of these metal rings that you could put around your penis that would, and I mean, I feel like if you put this

four pointed urethra ring around your penis, like you're not gonna do anything with it. Oh no, Sydney. It's just like, it's a ring. It's got a cute little bow on one side and it's got four spiky things pointing out at the inside of it. I know. How could you show me that?

It's like a little iron maiden for your penis. Ah. How have we never covered this chapter of medical history? This one's rough. Well, I mean, I will say that it is, do you know what I think a part of it is? Well, I don't know why we that it is, do you know what, do you know what, I think a part of it is, well, I don't know why as we never covered it, but I keep thinking, this sounds, I think it's just seems so surprising

that this happened to me. It just seems like so much like what we would do to people who were not cis men, it's very strange. Middle class cis men, I know, it really, and even in that article that I referenced, that's discussed early on, is that this kind of thing fits very firmly into what we understand about medical history. We medicalize and sort of science something.

If I'm using science as like an adjective. Yeah, you science. We science up something that's really just like a moral thing or a religious thing. And we try to science it up so that we can then inflict some sort of order on humans. And it's generally used on marginalized populations of people, people who like we want to control the total oppression. Exactly. It is unusual to see it used on middle class cis, probably largely white men.

Yeah. It is unusual. It's chilling. I mean, I think we're all pretty unnerved by it. I think we all are. But the undoing of it is that it was clearly so ridiculous and painful and unpopular. I'm not a captive imagine. Unpopular because what happened very quickly is that as actual surgeons, and I mean, I think

this is kind of the way they seemed to break down, actual surgeons were actually concerned about something that they thought was real and they came up with treatments that they thought would real. And they came up with treatments that they thought would help. They publicized this very strongly to try to gain legitimacy. Look, we are not bad, it's a sickness. Don't blame us. Don't blame us. It's an illness. What immediately happened has happened with a lot of different ailments of the time and heck, even now, is that a bunch of quacks, you know, got on board and said, yeah, we're really concerned about it too. All of us who are surgeons as far as you,

you don't know what a surgeon is, like anybody can be a surgeon right now. I'm a surgeon and I'm very concerned about it too. And I have a lot of treatments for you and they do cost money, but I can fix it. And so what you had was this basically made up, and I'm not saying there's no reason that you might not ever leak semen or that certainly these other issues, like premature ejaculation or erectile dysfunction, all those things are real things.

But this as a sort of like hysteria, as a one fit, you know, one size fits all, catch all, anything that's wrong that makes you like less masculine than we think you should be is all sporadaria. That is not a thing, right? Like that is not a real thing. You had both surgeons who were legit saying, well, no, it's real, but we have the real treatments and then Quack saying, yeah, no, it's definitely real. Oh, those guys. Yeah, yeah, it's real, but we have the real treatments and then Quack saying, yeah, no, it's definitely real.

Oh, those guys. Yeah, they're right. And so that was really where you see like the undoing of spermatteria is as, as they're became this huge, I mean, there were tons of pamphlets and advertisements. I mean, you can imagine like newspapers filled with advertisements. It very much reminds me of the commercials for low T. Really? Yeah, I understand.

This is very much the vibe of what this would have been. Like, are you- Low test austroenter. Yes, low test austroenter. Well, but I mean, if you've seen the commercials on TV. They pitch it as low T. They say low T. Because it sounds like-

That's the low-test austroenter and rebrand, right? Right. I mean, and it's the same thing where there are real legitimate medical concerns. Certainly some people have low testosterone. There are real reasons why we prescribe testosterone, there are myriad reasons. However, everything that makes you feel bad

cannot be blamed on low testosterone. And those commercials would lead you to be up, believe otherwise. And I say, I would say it was probably the same at the time for speratteria. There were real reasons you could be sick, but everything was blamed on this. And so you could go to any of these, you know, fake doctors with fake cures and fake surgeons with fake cures. And they would probably not do, I mean, and this is another common theme. They probably weren't doing the same

things that the surgeons were doing. Their treatments were probably a lot milder. Most of the time, you probably would walk away happier just because nobody stuck silver nitrate. Yeah, they were absolutely selling that. Don't go to those butchers over there. They're just going to, yeah. You would go to one of these guys who would just give you some herbs. you would go to one of these guys who would just give you some herbs. You know, or like heck, it was probably some sort of syrup made with like opium and maybe cocaine too and also alcohol. Yeah. And they were like, take this and you were like, yeah.

Yeah, yeah. So keep it that guy away with the knives and what all? I love this stuff and then you don't even think about it anymore. But anyway, the actual surgeons started to kind of pull back from sperma teria as this sort of hysteria-like ailment that plagues all men. And started to say, you know what, actually, we probably were wrong. This probably was a lot. It probably is a lot less common.

Actually, it's super uncommon. We're really sorry. Actually, maybe nobody has it now that we really think about it. And so just as you have certain doctors writing nonstop about like everybody has per materia and every patient I see has per materia. And like even one doctor who wrote about like, I actually, I like to make sure and cauter my re through every single day just as a matter of

what? Maintaining which by the way, like if that's your thing, that's fine, but do not give that as medical advice. Do you not? We all have our things. Yeah, everybody's got to do the thing. Everybody's got a thing. It does not mean it's medical advice.

Don't project your thing on all of us. I leave anything out of this podcast. You don't get to know things. And you actually, you don't get to know medical advice either. You just get to know what not to do. So even if this was happening, you had actual surgeons of the day who were coming out and saying,

no, okay, okay. I think, hey, fellas, I think we got carried away. And so what you started to see, and like specifically, there was a surgeon, Mr. Cortanay was his last name. And he wrote a ton about cases of speranaria. And what you really see are the beginnings

of some really healthy discourse about like the psychological impact of toxic masculinity and you're constrained gender role in society and also religious trauma from why it's bad to masturbate. And all this stuff, and you see these kinds of conversations he's having with patients where he's like, maybe the reason you couldn't make love to your wife

is because you just told me that you went overseas and had a ton of affairs and then you came back and you felt really guilty. And like, maybe it's that and not spermatteria. And maybe we don't need to cauterize your urethra. Maybe you just need to like have some couples therapy. You know, like, and you start to see the beginnings of some real conversations about that. And again, and that's not to say, I am not in any way suggesting that all cases of erectile dysfunction are premature ejaculation

or anything like that are psychological in nature, but it was beginning to recognize that sexual behavior and sexual function is very much tied up, right, with our morals and our ethics and our beliefs and our spirituality. Like all of that is in us. And when it comes to the sex act, sometimes you can't untangle it.

And it can impact your sexual health and your sexual function, and your ability to achieve whatever your sexual goals are. Go to your sexual goals. Whatever they are. And so you see more and more surgeons starting to write, like, I don't think spermatteria is anything. And it really like James Paget, who's a famous surgeon from the time period, writes towards the end of the 1800s.

There is, this is not, whatever Lollamond was describing is not a thing. I have never seen a case, basically. Like, here I am a famous surgeon. I've seen tons of people with tons of problems. You all know how famous I am, right? I've never seen a case basically. Here I am a famous surgeon. I've seen tons of people with tons of problems. You all know how famous I am, right? I've never seen it. I've never seen a case. Maybe we kind of got carried away with this whole thing about spermatteria.

Maybe we were all just talking about masturbation too much. Then it kind of goes away. It really by the 1900s, at least in the West, we're not talking about it as much. And now again, I know there are other medical traditions, like I said, like traditional Chinese medicine, an Iuritic medicine, where like the concept of keeping your semen in balance with other, you know, vital fluids and stuff like that does persist.

But in terms of Western medicine, that was really the end of it. And it really is this sort of, I think you can liken it to hysteria. Hysteria was often used. It was a fake thing. And it was a way of controlling women of the time to make them behave the way women in parentheses.

Worse, they're in quotes, not parentheses. Women in quotes, we're supposed to be hate. I think this is a very similar thing that happened to men. Wow. I just now learned about it. Sydney, I accept your apology. I'm back for what now? From doctors to people of humans as we accept apology.

It's hard, you know. history is not kind to us. What do you, Sisman? Well, that's gonna do it for us folks. Would you like to expand on that? That's gonna do it for us folks. Thank you so much for listening. Thanks to the taxpayers for using the Varsong medicines as the intro and outro program.

And thanks to you for listening. We appreciate it. It's gonna do it for us for now. Until next time, I am Justin McRoy. I'm Sydney McRoy. And as always, don't drill a hole in your head. Alright! Maximum Fun A Workroad Network of Artist Owned Shows

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