Sins & Survivors: A Las Vegas True Crime Podcast - The Last Dance - Debbie Flores Narvaez - Part 2

Episode Date: March 5, 2024

Debbie Flores Narvaez was a talented dancer with big dreams in Las Vegas, until she vanished without a trace. The horror of this one is not to be understated, and it impacted so many people including ...Debbie's family and friends, and the whole Las Vegas community, especially the performers.Let us know what you think about the episodehttp://www.sinspod.co/episode18sourcesJennifer Romas' Dance Tribute to Debbie Domestic Violence Resourceshttp://sinspod.co/resourcesClick here to become a member of our Patreon!https://sinspod.co/patreonVisit and join our Patreon now and access our ad-free episodes and exclusive bonus content & schwag!Apple Podcast Subscriptionshttps://sinspod.co/appleWe're now offering premium membership benefits on Apple Podcast Subscriptions! On your mobile deviceLet us know what you think about the episodehttps://www.buzzsprout.com/twilio/text_messages/2248640/open_sms Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/sins-survivors-a-las-vegas-true-crime-podcast--6173686/support.

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Starting point is 00:00:00 To listen ad-free, visit Zinspod.co slash subscribe. Starting at $2.99 a month, you'll also get access to our exclusive bonus content episodes when you join through Patreon or Apple subscriptions. Thanks for supporting the show. In part one of Debbie's story, her star was on the rise. The dance number she had poured her heart into is about to debut on the Vegas strip. Debbie had worked tirelessly for months and built the performance from the ground up. Her friends and family were concerned when Debbie missed the final rehearsals, and they knew something was horribly wrong when she never showed up for opening night.
Starting point is 00:00:33 Las Vegas Metro had questioned her on-again, off-again boyfriend, Jason Griffith, who was likely the last person to have seen Debbie before her disappearance. He cooperated with the police, but his history of domestic violence incidents had the Las Vegas community on edge. Where was Debbie? Hi, and welcome to Sins and Survivors, a Las Vegas true crime podcast, where we focus on cases that deal with domestic violence. I'm your host, Sean, and with me, as always, is the one and only John. I am the only John in the room.
Starting point is 00:01:13 Thanks for joining us for part two of Debbie's story. If you haven't had a chance yet to listen to part one, we recommend you go give that a listen now before diving in here. When we left off on part one, the Las Vegas Metro Police Department didn't have any new leads on Debbie's disappearance, and they needed someone to come forward with information. Debbie was last seen on December 12, 2010. Debbie's car was found two days later, abandoned with no plates. Debbie's phone and computer were inside and untouched since December 12, but nothing on, in, or around the car offered any answers as to where Debbie had gone or what had happened to her. Her roommate said that she left their condo on December 12th, planning to go watch the Dexter finale with her boyfriend, Jason. Jason said he
Starting point is 00:01:55 did see her briefly that night, but stated she had gone to hang out with friends and he told police that she may have been considering ending her life because she was distraught over their breakup. Celeste, Debbie's sister, had forgone spending the holidays with her two young children. Instead, she felt she had no choice but to spend the holidays in Vegas, searching for Debbie. Celeste was quoted by Channel 8 News Now saying, I don't get to see my kids. I don't get to see her. I don't get to be with my family. It's just another day for me. It's not Christmas Eve in my book. My family's incomplete, and I'm just trying to put them
Starting point is 00:02:29 back together again. On January 5th, the police received the tip they were looking for. A witness had information relevant to the case and wanted to speak to detectives. The witness chose to approach a friend of hers who had a connection to a Metro police officer, who then brought the information to the lead detective on the case. It's a little bit of a game of telephone for reasons that will become clear in a minute. The witness, who we're going to call Jessica, was an ex-girlfriend of Jason's. The two of them remained friendly, although they had broken up. I want to add that this person is yet another girlfriend of Jason's that he was dating while he was dating Debbie and while he was also married. Do we mention that? Yes. We discover Jason was actually
Starting point is 00:03:08 married this whole time. He was married in Reno in 2006. According to Jessica, on December 14th, Jason called her and asked her if it was okay for him to store something at her house for a little while while he was getting ready to move to a new place. She told him that it would be fine if she had the room. She was shocked when he pulled up to her house with a huge U-Haul because she wasn't expecting to store a lot of items for him. Jessica said Jason wasn't alone. His roommate, Louis Colombo, was with him. When they opened the U-Haul, there was just one item inside. A large blue plastic storage tub. The tub didn't have a lid on it, and it was filled with a gray substance that she was sure was concrete. The concrete was bumpy on the top, and the tub was
Starting point is 00:03:51 bulging out a little on one side. Jessica, of course, was confused and was thinking like, what's going on here? She decided to ask Jason, what's in that tub? According to Jessica, Jason hesitated before he told her. His demeanor was, are you sure you want to know? And finally he told her, Debbie is in there. Jessica was horrified and terrified and told him to get the tub the fuck out of here. Jason and Lewis left with the truck and Jessica did not contact the police right away because she was scared that whatever had happened to Debbie could happen to her. Jessica had decided to speak to a friend who had a connection to the police department so she could feel safe in making this anonymous tip.
Starting point is 00:04:33 The police followed up on the tip by going to U-Haul rental locations close to Jason's house. They checked rental agreements and surveillance footage and discovered that Jason and Lewis had rented a U-Haul truck with two utility dollies around 11 a.m. on December 14th. The truck was returned outside of normal business hours very early in the morning of December 16th. Jason and Lewis were seen on surveillance video leaving the keys to the truck in the drop box. The rental truck had a GPS inside it that allowed the police to track the movements of the U-Haul during the rental period. It had been parked overnight on December 14th at a Flying J truck stop location in Vegas. This was particularly important because it connected to another piece of evidence that the police had collected back in December but had not revealed to the press, her family, or to the news media. On December 22nd, the police had executed a search warrant of Jason's home and recovered a receipt from a Flying J truck stop that showed the purchase of sponges and bleach made on December 15th.
Starting point is 00:05:31 On January 7th, 2011, Jason's roommate, Louis, was interviewed by homicide detectives. Louis agreed to talk so long as he would be immune from arrest and prosecution. The police agreed to Louis's conditions, probably because the police aren't the ones that make the deals, the district attorneys do, but in any event, Lewis was reassured and he gave his statement. According to Lewis, Debbie did come to his and Jason's house on the evening of December 12th to watch Dexter, as Debbie had told her roommate she was going to do. Later that evening, Debbie and Jason got into an argument and Jason grabbed Debbie by the throat and began strangling her. According to the police report, Lewis, quote, had to pull Griffith off of
Starting point is 00:06:11 Flores Narvaez because he was choking her with his hands around her neck. Lewis broke up the fight and was able to get the two of them to calm down. He had to leave the apartment around 8.20 p.m. to meet up with his girlfriend. He said that at 10.30 p.m. he received a text from Jason that said not to bring his girlfriend back to the house. When Lewis got back home, Jason met him at the front door and told him this was a change-your-diaper moment. Lewis entered the house and saw Debbie lying on the floor with a plastic bag on her face. Lewis went to the bathroom and threw up,
Starting point is 00:06:44 and when he returned, he could tell that Debbie was dead. She wasn't breathing, and she was cold to the touch. According to Lewis, Jason then told him that Debbie had said that her throat was hurting, and she wanted to call for an ambulance. That was when Jason grabbed her from behind and choked her until she died. Lewis explained how he and Jason discussed what to do with Debbie's body. They purchased a tub and concrete, mixed up the concrete in their garage, fit Debbie's body into the tub, and encased her in the concrete. The combined weight of the filled tub was 700 pounds. Lewis confirmed the details that Jessica had shared. Lewis and Jason rented
Starting point is 00:07:21 the U-Haul and the dollies and brought the tub to Jessica's house, but she refused to let them store the tub there. They had also attempted to store the tub at an undisclosed building, but were unable to move it to the second floor, probably because it weighed 700 pounds. They then parked the U-Haul truck at the Flying J truck stop overnight. The next day, Jason got the keys to a house that belonged to some friends who were out of the country. Lewis brought the tub to that house that belonged to some friends who were out of the country. Lewis brought the tub to that house by himself and noticed that it had started leaking when he moved it into the house. He ended up leaving it there for a few days.
Starting point is 00:07:58 This next part of what Lewis told the police is particularly gruesome and horrifying. Jason and Lewis went to a Walmart to purchase additional tubs, tools, and concrete. They returned to the house where Louis had left the tub and chiseled Debbie out of the concrete, dismembered her, and placed her in two separate tubs and once again covered her with concrete. They placed the tubs in a closet of the house and sealed the doors shut with spray foam insulation. They gathered up their tools and sealed those inside of a different closet in the house. They left the broken pieces of concrete and the blue bin on the floor of the living room. Lewis told the police where to find the house. The police obtained a search warrant, and when they entered the home, they found the broken concrete pieces, the blue bin, and the sealed-up closets, just as Lewis had described, and in one of the closets were the two bins containing Debbie's remains.
Starting point is 00:08:50 The police also conducted further investigation into Jason. They discovered that in November of 2010, a friend of Jason's had reported to the North Las Vegas Police Department that Jason had sent him a text that indicated that Jason was contemplating ending his own life. The police did a welfare check on Jason and they placed him on a legal 2000 hold, which gives the police or medical professionals the ability to hold a person who's in a mental health crisis in a mental health treatment facility for up to 72 hours. Jason was brought to a hospital and released a short time later. Another ex-girlfriend of Jason's came forward to the police and said that on December 7th or 8th of 2010, Jason had texted her and asked her if she knew where he could get a gun. She did not know what he wanted the gun for.
Starting point is 00:09:28 On January 8, 2011, the police stopped Jason as he was leaving work at the love show around 11.50pm. They told him he wasn't under arrest, but they wanted to ask some more questions about Debbie's disappearance. He agreed to talk to them, but he commented that they hadn't read him his Miranda rights. The officers read him his rights, and Jason signed a card acknowledging that that had happened, and that he understood he was waiving his right to an attorney and his right to remain silent. Jason said that he didn't have anything to do with Debbie's death. He denied that he killed her on purpose or accidentally. He was questioned about the U-Haul, and he admitted to renting it, but he told the police that he needed the U-Haul to pick up a punching bag stand and other workout equipment from a friend, although he wouldn't say who the
Starting point is 00:10:08 friend was or where they lived. The officers then tried asking Jason about Debbie's body and some of the details Lewis had given them, but Jason refused to answer those questions without his attorney present. Police placed Jason under arrest and transported him to the Clark County Detention Center. While he was being transported, Jason allegedly said to the police officer that Debbie's death, quote, was not a premeditated thing, end quote, it was a heat of the moment thing. He explained that he thought Debbie had a gun and that she had attacked him. According to the police report, the officer responded to Jason that no one was going to believe that. Jason said that Debbie had, quote, forced him to do what he did.
Starting point is 00:10:46 The police report also stated that Jason had said that he did all the amateur stuff afterwards. January 11th, the coroner ruled Debbie's death was a homicide and that she had died from asphyxiation. Jason was arraigned on January 12th on charges of murder. He pleaded not guilty and was held without bail. During the arraignment, Celeste, who was of course present, made headlines when she justifiably screamed at Jason when she saw him. She shouted from the back of the courtroom, I hope you rot in hell, you fucking asshole, for what you did to her. You fucking asshole, I hope you rot in hell, I hope you rot in hell, according to reporting from ABC Channel 13.
Starting point is 00:11:24 Celeste later told the press, I guess I just kind of blacked out and said it. Very few people know what Celeste was feeling that day, but I can't imagine anyone blaming her for reacting like that. In the midst of all this pain, Celeste and her family started a fund for survivors of domestic violence. As Celeste said, quote, it's really extremely important for women to understand they don't have to deal with this, that they can talk to somebody. They don't have to be afraid. The funds raised were given to the Shade Tree, a shelter for women and children in Las Vegas.
Starting point is 00:11:53 Originally, Jason's trial was filed on February 9th, 2011 for Debbie's murder and was set to start on November 28th, 2011. Due to various legal arguments and wrangling, the trial didn't start until May 5, 2014, presided over by Judge Kathleen Delaney. That might seem like a long time, and that's because it's a very long time, but there were a litany of motions according to court documents on both sides that delayed the start of the trial, such as a motion from the defense attorney, Abel Yanez, to delay and give them more time to prepare because there was allegedly some evidence on a hard drive that the defense was trying to locate, a motion from the defense to run an NCIC National Crime Information Center check,
Starting point is 00:12:36 which is basically a criminal background check on Debbie, to prove their assertion that she was violent. This one failed. And a motion to suppress the statements that Jason gave to the police in the police car on the way to jail. This one also did not succeed. The court ruled that this was relevant and admissible. Specifically, Jason said that the murder was not a premeditated thing and it was in the heat of the moment. The trial lasted about two weeks. The way Prosecutor Mark DiGiacomo presented the case was that Jason had choked Debbie and asphyxiated her with a plastic bag because she was standing in the way of his relationship with Anya Rue. his monogamy and pulled away from her after accompanying her to the abortion clinic in May of 2010, only to reel her back in by offering her a gift as an olive branch on her 31st birthday in
Starting point is 00:13:31 July. One of the constants in the relationship was that they were off and on, broken up and together over and over, and the times we're aware of, it was Jason initiating the reconciliation. We also want to note that Lewis was never charged with any crime connected to Debbie's death or the subsequent events that he took after her death to conceal her body. He did testify at trial to most of the facts we've already told you here. DiGiacomo also claimed that Jason had become depressed and suicidal between his arrest for domestic violence on October 22nd, as we mentioned last week, and his 31st birthday, December 10th, which would have been two days before Debbie disappeared.
Starting point is 00:14:13 This isn't much of a stretch when you think about the fact that in November of 2010, the police transported and held him on that legal 2000 hold we mentioned. During the trial, prosecution called one medical expert who testified that it might have only taken seconds for Debbie to become unconscious, but the death would have taken much longer. They also called the medical examiner, and as you might expect, he testified that her autopsy was the worst he had ever completed. I can't imagine how horrific that autopsy must have been given what Jason did to Debbie post-mortem. It's incredibly horrific. and have it not be first-degree murder. Essentially, he's saying that at some point, Jason crossed the threshold into premeditation because as we talked about a few weeks ago, being strangled takes seconds, but being strangled to death takes much longer.
Starting point is 00:15:13 And if it wasn't in the heat of the moment, why wouldn't he just let go? They pointed out that while he was claiming this was done in self-defense, which contradicts the heat of the moment claim, by the way, he also claimed that he had called the police many times on Debbie. Why wouldn't he call the police this time? There was a lot of evidence here, both circumstantial and direct. On December 22, 2010, when Detective Dan Long interviewed Jason again, he made up a story about two previous partners who might have wanted to harm her. Jason spun the police a tale about how Debbie was contemplating ending her own life because she was distraught about the breakup of their relationship, and he told detectives to go look for her near the overpass at Windmill and
Starting point is 00:15:54 the 215 Beltway. We live just a few miles from there, and two of the corners of that intersection are strip malls. One of them is a medical building too. And the other two are on a very busy running trail that I have spent a lot of time on. That's the 215 trail. I've run that thing many times and I can't think of a location where a body wouldn't be found right away. It was a lot less populated and busy in 2011, but still. He claimed that again, on December 12th, he had only a brief interaction with Debbie and that she didn't get out of her car. He said they talked and she drove away and vanished without a trace. Note that on the date of this interview, December 22nd, that's the day that Metro executed a search warrant on Jason's house and recovered receipts for sponges and bleach.
Starting point is 00:16:40 The defense attorneys were Abel Yanez and Jeff Banks. The case they presented involved four days of testimony from jason testifying that debbie's death was self-defense he said that he grabbed her from behind with his arms around her neck when he thought she was reaching for a purse that may have contained a gun as it turned out there was no gun and there was no testimony from anyone that debbie knew that she had ever owned a gun nor had she ever attempted to buy a gun or It also occurs to me that this argument makes no sense. I'm imagining a situation where someone has their back to me, and I think they're reaching for a purse that might have a gun in it.
Starting point is 00:17:19 He said that he grabbed her by the neck, but that doesn't sound logical to me. If you think about someone going for a gun, why wouldn't you knock them down or tackle them? Holding their neck might not prevent them from reaching that gun if it exists and threatening you with it. None of it passes the smell test to me. I agree. He also said that after she died, he panicked and asked his roommate Lewis to help dispose of the body. This is also strange because for someone who is panicking, he certainly came up with a plan given the lengths he went to in order to hide Debbie's body. There's also the fact that she had the plastic bag on her head. Jason claimed he had put that plastic bag on her head to see if she was still breathing. DiGiacomo also pointed out that the self-defense claim was an obvious fabrication because if it
Starting point is 00:18:00 were true, Jason would have stopped choking her when she was unconscious and or rendered some kind of aid or called an ambulance. Jason made quite a few claims during his four days on the witness stand, such as he claimed that Debbie told him she was pregnant. He said that the fight escalated after she told him this and demanded that he break up with Anya and devote his full attention to her. The autopsy showed she was not pregnant. This argument appears to have been a big misfire, though. On cross-examination by DiGiacomo, the DA insinuated that if this was true, perhaps Jason killed her because she and her pregnancy would have hurt his relationship with Anya, or that he killed her to head off another domestic violence charge that would ruin his career. Jason claimed that on
Starting point is 00:18:45 the night of the murder, Debbie told him that she had slashed his tires before coming into the house and that she had brought it with her, it presumably being the gun, because she was going to kill him and then kill herself. These arguments make no sense. For one, Lewis was home the whole time. And Jason never called the police for help that night when he had in the past when she was allegedly being aggressive with him. But most of all, why would Debbie do that out that after the murder, Jason had claimed that he was not in possession of Debbie's phone because it had been dumped in the neighborhood near his house. However, the GPS data pulled from the phone indicated that it had been near the New York, New York hotel where Anje's show, Zumanity, was. Jason also claimed that a threatening letter had been left on his car in which Debbie threatened
Starting point is 00:19:45 to kill him. The problem here was that there were also text messages between him and Lewis proving that Lewis had written the note, not Debbie. Regardless, though, Jason's overarching defense is that he killed her in self-defense. The defense spent a lot of energy portraying Debbie as volatile and violent and submitted a document to the court in which they claimed to have access to four prior partners who had testified to her violence. Agne was also called as a witness. She testified that she had broken up with Jason in the fall of 2010 after finding out about his various incidents of cheating on her, like sleeping with two other members of the love show. She was apparently under the impression she was in a monogamous relationship with him and thought Debbie was just out of control harassing and stalking Jason.
Starting point is 00:20:28 She thought they had broken up in May and didn't know they got back together around Debbie's birthday. She did tell the court, however, that she told Jason that she would get back together with him if he broke up with Debbie, which seems to bolster the prosecution's claim that Debbie was getting in the way of his relationship with her. I mentioned a minute ago that there were text messages proving that the death threat notes that Debbie had allegedly written were actually written by Lewis. This came out during Anje's cross-examination, and it was reported that when she learned this from the DA, as she was being cross-examined, Anje gave Jason quite a meaningful stare. There was another thing that Ana said that was very telling. When she was asked if she thought Jason was suicidal, she replied that she did not think
Starting point is 00:21:10 he was suicidal, just that he was a great actor. On May 22, 2014, after the two-week trial, Jason was found guilty of second-degree murder. The prosecution had been hoping for a verdict of first-degree murder, while the defense wanted it to be voluntary manslaughter. The sentencing hearing was two months later, on January 23rd, and it lasted about an hour. During his sentencing hearing, Jason pled for mercy from the court, saying that he had reached out for help to the police 14 times, and he hoped that she, the judge, would find it in her to give him some help finally. The judge, who was unswayed, did not mince words, saying, The responsibility for this toxic and ultimately tragic relationship continuing as long as it did
Starting point is 00:21:56 is entirely yours. During their year-long on-and-again-off-again relationship, Jason had many opportunities to walk away, but he always went back. The judge said, and for no other reason that I can discern from whatever was discussed at trial, the only reason I can see was to satisfy your own narcissistic predisposition. Jason was given the maximum sentence for second degree murder, a life sentence with the possibility of parole, with a minimum sentence of 10 years. His first parole hearing was in 2020 because he had credit for almost four years served. His parole was denied, and his next parole opportunity is in 2026. Jason appealed his conviction to the Nevada Supreme Court, which ruled on it in 2016.
Starting point is 00:22:41 There were several aspects to his appeal, including claims that his right to avoid self-incrimination was violated because he was forced to present evidence at trial on the topic of his claims of self-defense, claims that his right to counsel were violated, claims that several pieces of evidence that were not allowed should have been, claims of prosecutorial misconduct, and claims that the court failed to address jury questions presented to them. The Nevada Supreme Court did not find any of the allegations warranted them overturning his conviction. In 2023, Jason appealed again on the grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel. He pointed to 15 different examples where he claimed that his counsel was ineffective and all the points were denied. For example, he claimed that his counsel failed to bring in a choke expert as a part of his self-defense claim to discuss how
Starting point is 00:23:29 he had choked Debbie. In an evidentiary hearing, his counsel said that they were concerned that testimony about the length of time he would have had to have strangled Debbie would have made a first-degree murder conviction much more likely, and that's why they didn't pursue it. Debbie was laid to rest in Puerto Rico, but several memorials were held in her honor in 2011. On January 13th, there was a private memorial held with her family. Her work family held a memorial performance at the Luxor on January 14th, and her high school also held a vigil in her memory on January 17th. At her memorial service held at the Luxor, Anita Mann said, there was nothing she would not do. She wasn't that fantastically trained, but she attacked dancing with a vengeance. That's the way she attacked life, pull out with vengeance and
Starting point is 00:24:15 passion. There was also a benefit celebration for Debbie held at the Rio on January 26, 2011, with proceeds raised going to help the family cover the expenses to lay Debbie to rest in Puerto Rico and also for the benefit of the shade tree. According to the website created for the event, both Vegas and LA performers donated their time and talent for a show of dance, music, and art. Debbie had said, the arts are my life. It featured performances from the cast of Fantasy, as well as the MGM Crazy Horse Paris show, Vegas the Show, Thunder from Down Under, and the website lists that the event was sponsored by Penn & Teller, Carrot Top, and the Golden Steer Restaurant. All three of these are truly Las Vegas
Starting point is 00:24:57 legends, and it just really shows how Debbie's death affected the entire community. I was able to find a video of one of the performances from The Benefit. Jennifer Romas did a contemporary dance to the song This Woman's Work. And to be honest, This Woman's Work is next to impossible for me to listen to and not cry anyway. But Jennifer, who is a burlesque performer, gave this dramatic, emotion-filled performance in honor of Debbie, and it was gorgeous and moving. I will share a link to it in the show notes. Jennifer is amazingly talented and continues to light up the stage here in Vegas. The all-star cast that performed at Debbie's benefit and the sponsors highlight what we've talked about in past episodes, about how people who don't live here don't really know the ways
Starting point is 00:25:37 that our community will come together and look after each other in times of tragedy. We heard from a family member of Nadia's this past week, and she was nice enough to correct our pronunciation of Nadia's name to Nadia. Thank you for that. And Sean and I wanted to take a moment to echo what she reminded us, that when one of these tragedies happens, when someone is murdered due to domestic violence or murdered, period, that all of the families surrounding that person are also victims of the crime. In Debbie's case, those victims included her show family and the community of her performance as well. We have highlighted Nadia's GoFundMe on our link tree, and we encourage you to go visit it to help them as they recover from that horrible tragedy. We learned that Nadia's children and her sister need assistance
Starting point is 00:26:22 with funding to support the family in getting the mental health care that they need, the therapy that they need to help on their healing journey after this tragedy. Thank you as always for listening. You can find resources in our show notes or on sinsandsurvivors.com. Be sure to like, subscribe, and follow us on social media and share this episode with a friend because what happens here happens everywhere. Thanks for listening. Visit sinspod.co slash subscribe for exclusive bonus content and to listen ad-free. Remember to like and follow us on Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and Threads at Sins and Survivors. If you're enjoying the podcast, please leave us a review on your podcast platform of
Starting point is 00:27:30 choice. You can contact us at questions at sinsandsurvivors.com. If you or someone you know is affected by domestic violence or needs support, please reach out to local resources or the National Domestic Violence Hotline. A list of resources is available on our website, sinsandsurvivors.com. Sins and Survivors, a Las Vegas true crime podcast, is research written and produced by your hosts, Sean and John. The information shared in this podcast is accurate at the time of recording. If you have questions, concerns, or corrections, please email us. Links to source material for this episode can be found on our website, sinsandsurvivors.com. The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are solely those of the podcast creators, hosts, and their guests. All individuals are innocent until proven guilty.
Starting point is 00:28:17 This content does not constitute legal advice. Listeners are encouraged to consult with legal professionals for guidance.

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