Sleepy History - Perfume

Episode Date: December 29, 2024

Perfume—a delicate art that has enchanted humanity for centuries. From ancient rituals to modern luxury, the story of fragrance is one of creativity, culture, and connection. How were the first scents crafted, and what secrets lie behind the world’s most iconic perfumes? Tonight, let the rich history and allure of perfume guide you into a peaceful sleep, as we explore the enchanting world of fragrance through the ages.Narrated by: Jessika GösslWritten by: Jessica MillerAbout Sleepy History Delve into history's most intriguing stories, people, places, events, and mysteries, delivered in a supremely calming atmosphere. If you struggle to fall asleep and you have a curious mind, Sleepy History is the perfect bedtime companion. Our stories will gently grasp your attention, pulling your mind away from any racing thoughts, making room for the soothing music and calming narration to guide you into a peaceful sleep. Sleepy History is a production of Slumber Studios. To learn more, visit www.slumberstudios.com.

This is Sleepy History. production of this show. Check out our premium feed. This is the Sleepy History of Perfume, narrated by Jessica Gerstle, written by Jessica Miller. We've all been walking down the road when suddenly, an intriguing scent catches our attention. Some kind of perfume drifting through the air. After all, smell is one of the most powerful senses. But how did we learn to harness this power of scent, distilling and bottling the very essence of a thing? How did perfume and poison co-mingle in Renaissance Italy? And what part did the man who killed Rasputin play in the development of one of the world's pre-eminent fragrances? We'll explore these questions and more tonight.

The story of perfume will take us through millennia and around the globe. So just relax and let your mind drift as we explore the sleepy history of perfume. Our story begins in ancient Mesopotamia, in the fertile lands where the Tigris and Euphrates River flow, a region that stretches across present-day Iraq and Kuwait, as well as parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey. The year is roughly 1200 BCE. Mesopotamia is ruled by the Assyrian and Babylonian empires, and in one of the many rooms of the royal palace, two women are hard at work, their heads bent over a still, a piece of scientific equipment where, through boiling and cooling, liquids can be distilled and filtered. The name of one of these women has been lost to history,

although she is mentioned in the clay cuneiform tablets where Mesopotamian scribes made a record of their civilization. The other woman is called Taputi Bellatakalim. She, along with her nameless partner, is the first perfumer ever recorded. Taputi would not only have possessed a refined sense of smell, she would have been an accomplished scientist. That's because there is far more to perfumery than mixing good-smelling ingredients together in a pleasing way. Taputi would have had to understand the complicated processes by which fragrance can be extracted

and distilled from raw materials. Materials such as flowers like jasmine and rose, woods like sandalwood, and resins like frankincense and myrrh. and resins like frankincense and myrrh. She would also have to have known how these different extracts could be combined to produce a long-lasting fragrance when applied to skin. Historians believe, in fact, that Taputi and her partner pioneered many of these techniques, laying the foundation for early perfumery. In one tablet that survives from this ancient era, Taputi even records a recipe for one of her fragrant concoctions. Putti even records a recipe for one of her fragrant concoctions. An ointment, said to be worn by Mesopotamian rulers, made from water, flowers, oil, and calamus, a reedy plant that is part of the palm family and is still used as an ingredient in perfumes today.

Imagine Taputi making this perfume. She might start with hundreds of soft, pale rose petals, smelling fresh and a little bit sugary. She would extract the fragrance from the petals in a glass vessel, slowly bubbling over a soft flame, until the scent of rose swirled all through the room. She would add oil and water in precise measurements and slowly methodically stir the concoction together her own skin before presenting it to the court, dabbing the fragrant ointment on her wrists and behind her ears so that a whisper of rose followed her wherever she went. To visit the site of the oldest known perfumery in the world, we have to travel west, to the

Greek island of Cyprus. It was here, in the seaside town of Piagos, that a team of Italian archaeologists unearthed the remains of a Bronze Age perfumery. Cyprus is famed for its olive groves and for the thick, golden olive oil it produces. In the Bronze Age, this olive oil wasn't only used for cooking. Cypriot perfumers used it as a luxurious base for the scented oils and ointments they produced. They extracted fragrances from the herbs, spices, and flowers that grow native to Cyprus, like marjoram, cinnamon, myrtle, laurel, and lavender, and then carefully mixed these with the oil and distilled it in clay perfume jars. Throughout the island,

these scented creations were used as cosmetics and in religious rituals. Traders who voyaged across the Mediterranean exchanging goods and produce spread the word about the quality of Cypriot perfume wherever they dropped anchor. Soon enough, everyone from Egyptian queens to well-off Venetian merchants insisted on wearing fragrances from Cyprus. insisted on wearing fragrances from Cyprus. Millennia later, in 1917, the famed French perfume house, Couty, launched the iconic scent Chippe, French for Cyprus, which has given its name to a whole family of perfumes.

Perfumes made in the Chypa style are resinous and herbal, and often feature ingredients grown in the Mediterranean. Some of these modern ships might not be too far removed from the oils found in the bottom of those Bronze Age perfume jars in Pyrgos. The Islamic world was in the midst of a golden age of science and discovery, centered in Baghdad in present-day Iraq. Islamic scientists made great leaps in the fields of chemistry and alchemy. As a result, Islamic perfumers were soon mixing perfumes using much more sophisticated techniques than those seen in Cyprus or Mesopotamia. These perfumers developed a distillation method for extracting oil-based fragrances from flowers. These oils are known as attas, and they were originally distilled in vessels made from porous camel skin that allowed water to evaporate while retaining a rich floral-scented oil. retaining a rich floral-scented oil. Perfumes made in the Islamic style are often heady with the fragrance of floral attar. Traders even brought back to the Islamic empire non-native flowers like jasmine,

native flowers like jasmine, which is native to South Asia. These were then cultivated domestically and grown for use in perfume making. Other popular attas were distilled from agarwood, or ode, which has a rich, smoky fragrance and was revered for its healing properties as well as its distinctive aroma. Everyone, from caliphs to merchants to students, wore perfume. Thanks to their sophisticated perfumery techniques, perfume was widely available across the Islamic world during this scientific golden age. The streets of Baghdad must have been filled with rich clouds of musk and ode, mingling with the sweet scent of atta of jasmine or de musk rose. In Europe, however, fragrance was not something to be enjoyed by the masses, but a luxury good used only by wealthy nobles and royalty.

According to one version of this story, which historians believe to be the most likely, in 1370, an alchemist in the court of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary, distilled a concoction of fresh rosemary and thyme with brandy. Not just sweet-smelling, the refreshing fragrance would eventually be believed to be useful in relieving headaches. headaches. This perfume, known as Hungary Water for the geographic region, became popular among wealthy nobles across Europe. On hot summer days, noble men and women splashed it over their temples, dabbed it at the base of their throats, and inhaled deeply, savoring its cool, refreshing smell. As the recipe was passed from court to court, country to country,

different perfumers tweaked the formula to suit their own tastes, adding ingredients like lavender, mint, sage, and orange blossom. In Renaissance Italy, the art of perfumery grew in popularity thanks to the enthusiasm of another noblewoman, Catherine de' Medici. Catherine was passionate about perfume. She employed a personal perfumer called René Le Florentin to supply her with bespoke fragrance. By some accounts, he was her prisoner, and she would also make him create poisons to kill her enemies, in addition to perfumes. In Renaissance Europe, where perfumery was not a well-established industry, and perfume-making techniques were often kept secret, individual perfumers closely guarded their formulas.

than René Le Florentin, whose perfumery was connected to Catherine's room by a secret passageway to ensure no one would steal his recipes. Later, Catherine married King Henry II of France. Henry grew to love perfume just as much as Catherine did, and because he was king, the rest of the French court quickly adopted his enthusiasm. For 200 years, flowers had been cultivated in the south of France solely to be used in perfumes. This practice increased significantly during Henry's reign. The region still grows flowers for use in perfumery today, from the lavender fields of Provence to the sweet-smelling roses of Grasse. At the time, many people across Europe, including royalty and aristocrats, avoided regular bathing. Many physicians believed frequent bathing led to an increased risk of infection, weakened organs, illness, and death.

Perfume, then, wasn't merely a cosmetic indulgence. It served a useful purpose in covering bodily odor. It served a useful purpose in covering bodily odor. Nearly a hundred years after Henry II brought his love of perfume to the French aristocracy, King Louis XIV, the Sun King, ascended the throne. In Louis' court, everything was scented. The rooms of his palace at Versailles were decorated with big bowls of flower petals floating in water. Everything, from the fountains in his gardens to the furniture in his grand palace rooms, was liberally doused with perfume. Louis' shirts were boiled in rosewater to ensure they smelled beautiful, and the monarch ordered his personal perfumer to create seven unique perfumes so that Louis could wear a different one each day of the week.

Even visitors to the palace were sprayed with perfume before they were allowed inside. loud inside. It's hardly surprising that Louis' court was known as la cour parfumée, the perfumed court. Everywhere a visitor turned, they would smell a mingling of perfumes. Now and then, they might pick out a specific scent – the waxy tartness of orange blossom or the breezy herbal freshness of lavender. They might even be transported to the coast of Italy in springtime, where blooming orange trees sway against a bright blue ocean backdrop. Or to the hills and fields of southern France, where purple lavender grows wild, sending its sharp fragrance into the air. But while the French court was shrouded in rich, intoxicating scents, a little further to the east, in the German city of Cologne, the perfumer Giovanni Maria Farina was at work on a much lighter, subtler form of fragrance. Farina was descended from an Italian family.

His great-grand-uncle was a grocer who had moved from Italy to Germany, bringing with him a recipe for a fragranced water called Aqua Mirabilis, traditionally made by Italian monks. When Farina came across this recipe, he became intrigued. He recreated it with a few additions of his own. Light citrus-scented bergamot and herbal-smelling lavender. At first sniff, Farina was sure he had hit on something special. on something special. He called his new creation Aqua Mirabilis, or admirable water, and wrote to his brother in excitement, saying, I have found a fragrance that reminds me of an Italian spring morning, of mountain daffodils and orange blossoms after the rain.

Those who smelled it could only agree. Farina's water had the delicate, aqueous freshness of spring flowers opening up to the sun after a shower of rain. Smelling the Aqua Mirabilis, perhaps some could even hear the light clink-clink of rain falling softly on petals and branches. Farina's light fragrance was a delicious contrast to the thick, heavy perfumes in vogue at the time. Aqua Mirabilis was an instant success in the royal courts of Europe, and soon enough grew popular among all the upper classes. Apart from appreciating its delicate scent, people believed it could cure all manner of ailments. Aqua mirabilis was added to baths, sprayed on gloves and hairbrushes, and even stirred into soup. Before long, competitors sprang up. All over Europe, perfumers began releasing their own versions of Farina's scent. This light, refreshing fragrance soon enough became named for the

city where Farina first concocted it, Eau de Cologne, or Cologne Water. As the 18th century faded into the 19th century, France went through a period of turmoil and upheaval. Revolutionaries overthrew the monarchy, and the Emperor Napoleon eventually came to power. But one thing didn't change. France, and Europe Europe still could not get enough of perfume. Napoleon himself was a devoted user of eau de cologne. He didn't just dab it behind his ears, either. behind his ears, either. He was said to have drunk it before going into battle, and had a standing order with his perfumer, Chardon, for 50 bottles a month. Meanwhile, Napoleon's wife, the fashionable Josephine Bonaparte, The fashionable Josephine Bonaparte favored rich fragrances scented with patchouli, an aromatic flowering plant in the mint family which is native to tropical Asia.

Other women were quick to adopt this type of fragrance, setting a trend for spicy patchouli perfumes that would continue through to the 19th century. This heavy, plush fragrance was a perfect match for the Victorian parlours its wearers would have inhabited. They would have sunk into deep, velvet armchairs, stretched out their feet by the fireplace where flames softly hissed and flickered, and found themselves enveloped in heady fragrance. Along with new fashions in fragrance, the 19th century brought significant developments in chemistry. Until then, fragrance had been made by distilling natural ingredients. Now, chemists uncovered new techniques for isolating olfactory molecules. In other words, the molecules within any given substance that created smell. They studied the structure of these molecules and, in certain instances,

were able to replicate them synthetically, creating fragrances from scratch. And they didn't stop there. Some chemists began to create entirely new fragrance molecules. These include aldehydes, which impart a fresh, soapy odor and an almost sparkling quality to fragrances. Coumarin, which captures a scent similar to that of freshly mown hay. And vanillin, which smells sweet and dry, reminiscent of both vanilla beans and cacao beans. These synthetic molecules are still widely used in fragrances today. At the time, perfumers began to improve their extraction methods, meaning they were able to extract fragrance from an ever more dizzying range of raw materials.

All kinds of new inventive fragrances were available to buy, and thanks to advances in perfumery, they were cheaper to make and to purchase than ever before. No longer the purview of aristocracy, fragrance was an affordable luxury enjoyed by many. The first perfumer to use synthetic fragrance in a composition was Aimé Guerlain. Aimé's father, Pierre Francoise, was the founder of the luxury fragrance and cosmetic house that bore his surname, Guerlain. The house was already extremely renowned. Pierre-Francois created original perfumes for Queen Victoria of England and Queen Isabella II. After Pierre-Francois died, Aimee took over the reins, and in 1889, he developed something entirely new in the world of perfumery. A fragrance called Giqui.

Giqui was the first scent ever to be composed of a mixture of natural and synthetic components. It was also the first modern fragrance to be classified as a richer-smelling and longer-lasting Zsiki is composed of spicy notes, lavender, lemon, wood, vanilla. It is still made and sold today, making it the world's longest continuously produced perfume. continuously produced perfume. Zsiki made a big splash, and Guerlain soon followed up this success by releasing two more wildly popular scents, the bergamot, peach, and oak moss concoction Mitsuko, and the iconic Chalimar. Shalimar, created by Aimee's son Jacques, was inspired by Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of Shah Jahan, the 17th century Mughal Emperor of India.

the 17th century Mughal Emperor of India. When Mumtaz died, the grief-stricken emperor built the Taj Mahal in her honor. The lush, fragrant gardens adjoining the temple are known as the Shalimar Gardens. The gardens are a welcome respite from the bustling city beyond the gates of the Taj breathing deepen, and their senses sharpen. They smell the spicy air and the lush flowers. They hear the rippling of the pond that sits in the center of the garden, reflecting the Taj Mahal's domes and spires. Like its namesake gardens, Shalimar, with its spicy, smoky blend of bergamot, vanilla, and floral notes, has a peaceful core wrapped in a vibrant exterior.

When Shalimar was released in 1920, it became a favorite of the era's daring fashion-forward flappers, girls who, scandalously, bobbed their hair and stayed out all night dancing. Because of its association with these daring young women, Chanomar gained a reputation as a risque fragrance. Like Gigi, it is still produced and sold today. 1921 was an important year for European perfumery. Within months of Chalimar's release, Gabrielle Coco Chanel released her classic perfume, Chanel No. 5. Guerlain was an established perfume house. Coco Chanel was a designer of haute couture fashion.

Strange as it seems now, prior to the 1920s, luxury fashion and luxury fragrance were two separate fields. Chanel was the first fashion house to release a fragrance line, though it wouldn't be the last. But Coco Chanel may have never hit on the idea of formulating her own fragrance if it weren't for the influence of her then-lover, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich of Russia, an exiled Russian aristocrat who was famed for murdering Rasputin in the dying days of Imperial Russia. Dmitri had countless connections among Russian émigrés in France. One afternoon, on the French Riviera, Dmitri ran into an old acquaintance, Ernest Beau, who he then introduced to Chanel. Beau was a professional perfumer. In Russia, he had been official perfumer to the Romanov family, creating bespoke scents for the Tsar and Tsarina.

Chanel suggested to Beau that they should collaborate on a fragrance. Chanel had a vision. She was inspired by the independent, liberated spirit of the flapper and wanted to create a bold, modern perfume that might capture some of that aura. She was also fastidiously clean. She loved the smell of soap and clean linen. She loved the smell of soap and clean linen. She hated the current trend for rich, heavy perfumes, preferring the light freshness of cologne. But she wished that cologne's subtle scent would last longer on the skin. Bold, modern, fresh, clean, and long-lasting.

If she and Beau could find a way to formulate the fragrance of her dreams, they would truly revolutionize modern perfumery. Beau had his own vision, too. In the years between 1917 and 1919, as a lieutenant in the White Russian Army, he had been stationed in Arkhangelsk, the northernmost outpost in the then-Russian Empire. the northernmost outpost in the then-Russian Empire. It lies inside the Arctic Circle, at the point where the River Divina flows out to the White Sea. Winters there are long and brutal, and the flat plains of the region seemed to stretch out to infinity, blanketed in deep, pure white snow. Ever since his posting to this remote part of the world, Bo longed to capture this Arctic

freshness in a fragrance. Could he somehow distill the feeling of pure, blank tranquility he had experienced looking out at the endless stretch of unruffled white? Beau set to work combining jasmine, rose, sandalwood, vanilla, and aldehydes. That synthetic fragrance molecule that imparts a soapy freshness. He created ten different versions of the fragrance. When Chanel sampled them, she declared the fifth sample was the one she liked the best. And so, Chanel No. 5 was born. Before it was released, Chanel took a flask of her signature fragrance down to the Riviera and sprayed it liberally around her table. According to her, every single woman who passed by stopped to ask her what that wonderful smell was. She knew, then, that

this perfume would cause a sensation, and she was right. Over 100 years since it was launched, a bottle of Chanel No. 5 still, reportedly, sells every 30 seconds. Among its many celebrity devotees was Marilyn Monroe. When asked what she wore to bed, the actress coyly replied, waterbed, the actress coyly replied, Chanel No. 5. Taking Chanel's lead, other couture houses soon developed and released their own fragrance lines. Lanvin released the provocatively named My Sin, combining aldehydes with nirali and ylang-ylang.

More provocative still was the Italian designer Elsa Schiaparelli's shocking. Shocking not so much for its scent, which was a powdery, spicy floral. As for its bottle, which was designed in the shape of a curvaceous female torso, its exact dimensions were said to be modeled on those of the voluptuous Hollywood actress Mae West. Meanwhile, in 1929, the French fashion house of Jean Patou released the most expensive perfume made up until that point. Ten thousand jasmine flowers and twenty-eight dozen roses were used to produce 30 ml of joy perfume, which perhaps explained the high price tag. For the early part of the 20th century, Europe was a hub for fragrance creation. fragrance creation. The United States, like many other countries in the world, associated fine fragrance with countries like France and Italy. But a fresh new crop of home-grown was about to change all that.

In 1953, the American cosmetics maven Estee Lauder launched her first fragrance, Youth Dew, an arrestingly spicy fragrance that was oil-based rather than alcohol-based, meaning it was exceptionally long-lasting. Youth juice soon took its place as a beauty staple on American dressing tables in much the same way that Chanel No. 5 featured in French women's vanity sets. way that Chanel No. 5 featured in French women's vanity sets. The Estee Lauder company came to dominate the U.S. fragrance market with creations like Private Collection, Beautiful, Pleasures, and White Linen. and white linen. Lorda's scents evoke an unfussy American elegance, fresh sheets drying on the line, flapping to and fro in the wind, fresh-cut flowers in a simple vase,

long lazy evenings at the beach, listening to the swish of the ocean. But in 1973, Revlon came on the scene. Lourdes' fragrances all shared a trademark refined elegance. but Revlon's debut fragrance, Charlie, was modern, sporty, and playful. The fresh fragrance had notes of green leaf, peach, hyacinth, beramot, and Tarragon. Its marketing campaign was groundbreaking. Revlon featured model Naomi Sims in advertisements for Charlie, making her the first black model ever to feature in an advertisement for a U.S. cosmetic company. Ads for Charlie also featured women wearing trousers, another first for a fragrance marketing campaign.

Other American designers, from Ralph Lauren to Halston, released equally fresh, bold, and minimal fragrances, carving out a uniquely American style of perfumery. In the 1990s, the biggest name in perfumery was that of another U.S. designer, Calvin Klein. In 1994, Klein released CK1, a light citrusy fragrance that was marketed as unisex. CK1 wasn't the first unisex fragrance ever released. That was Schiaparelli's Eau Doucente, released all the way back in 1939. Klein's light, androgynous scent struck a chord with young Gen Xers. At the peak of its popularity, 20 bottles of CK1 sold every minute.

CK1's release heralded a new era of rule-breaking and experimentation in perfumery that continues today. Contemporary perfumers still push boundaries in pursuit of new scented experiences. The perfumer Geyser Schoen created a fragrance called Eccentric Molecules 01, which consists solely of one synthetic fragrance molecule called Iso-E Super. This molecule interacts differently with individual skin chemistry, so that no two people who spritz it on smell alike. The perfume house Galavant creates different fragrances for different cities. Their Kyoto perfume smells like Hinoki incense, while the fragrance inspired by Bukhara, a city in Uzbekistan,

smells of apricot, spice, and iris. Famed French perfumer Serge Lutens draws on his own memories when creating new fragrances. Joujambreau 5 o'clock is inspired by memories of drinking tea and eating ginger biscuits with his family every afternoon. Fleur du Angers captures a scent memory of a visit to Morocco where Lutens opened his window to the smell of orange blossom, spices from the bazaar, and fresh white linen drying just below his windowsill. Perfume enthusiasts have over 30,000 fragrances to choose from. If you want to trail a scent of fresh figs or sandalwood, birthday cake or incense, or freshly mown grass, you can. Somewhere, someone has concocted that scent, distilled it, and decanted it into a bottle. Every spritz of perfume tells a story.

The story is there in its ingredients. Rose petals plucked and distilled from fields outside the French city of Grasse, from rural Bulgaria, or from the valleys of India. Bright, zesty orange blossom from Tunisia. Plush jasmine from Egypt. Milky sandalwood from Australia. Bergamot from sunny meadows in southern Italy. The story is there in every fragrance's unique composition, capturing something of the perfumer's unique vision.

And the story is there in the long, rich history of perfume itself, stretching back into ancient civilizations and continuing today. Thank you. Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Amin. Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Amin. Sveta Svetograd Thank you. Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta Svetograd Amin. Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Thank you.