Sleepy History - The Titanic

Episode Date: December 1, 2024

Over a century ago, the Titanic set sail on its maiden voyage, a marvel of engineering and a symbol of human ambition. Yet, its journey ended in one of the most infamous tragedies in history. What led to the ship's untimely fate, and what stories did its passengers and crew leave behind? Tonight, drift off to sleep as we explore the history, myths, and enduring legacy of the Titanic.Narrated by: Elizabeth GraceWritten by: Alicia SteffannAbout Sleepy History Delve into history's most intriguing stories, people, places, events, and mysteries, delivered in a supremely calming atmosphere. If you struggle to fall asleep and you have a curious mind, Sleepy History is the perfect bedtime companion. Our stories will gently grasp your attention, pulling your mind away from any racing thoughts, making room for the soothing music and calming narration to guide you into a peaceful sleep. Sleepy History is a production of Slumber Studios. To learn more, visit www.slumberstudios.com.

This is Sleepy History. production of this show. Check out our premium feed. This is the sleepy history of the Titanic, narrated by Elizabethated ocean liner that struck an iceberg on the 14th of April, 1912, and sank in the wee hours of the following morning. We're all familiar with the story. Maybe you've seen an on-screen adaptation, story. Maybe you've seen an on-screen adaptation or heard about one of the colorful characters who survived the historic disaster. But what really caused the demise of the famous ship? Were mistakes made that if avoided could have saved the Titanic? Or was the sinking inevitable in the icy waters of

the Atlantic that fateful night? We'll delve into the true story of this famous ocean liner and its passengers, so just relax and let your mind drift as we explore the sleepy history of April 14th, 1912, a luxury steamship called the Titanic struck an iceberg with its starboard bow. By the wee hours of the morning on the 15th of April, over 1,500 people on board had perished in the icy waters of the Atlantic. A mere 705 people survived the tragedy, floating above the wreckage in 20 lifeboats, many of which were only half-filled. It would be hours before they would be rescued and brought aboard a Cunard liner called the Carpathia. The sinking of the Titanic on its maiden voyage was caused by a string of misfortunes that ranged from faulty engineering to human error. Further, the loss of a majority of the people aboard can be attributed to a lack of emergency

preparedness at a time when the view of such precautions is quite different than it is today. The unimaginable misfortune of it all has made the Titanic the stuff of legends. Firsthand accounts, inquiries, and records have often been supplanted by exaggeration, skewed media reports, and dramatic depictions from the ocean floor have sometimes slipped into the realm of fiction. Generations born long after the loss of the players in the tragedy who took the brunt of the blame when they were not actually solely responsible for acts of negligence or cowardice. It seems worthwhile, well over a century later, to talk about what really happened. While technology has changed, some of the basic causes of the disaster still have lessons to teach us. When it debuted, the RMS Titanic created quite a stir. Built for the white star line, its burgeoning fame was due to its sheer size as well as its opulence. At 882.5 feet and over 46,000 tons, it was the largest vessel afloat at the time.

But more than that, it was designed to be more like a luxury hotel than previous ocean liners of the day. It attracted the rich and famous due to its lavish accommodations and thoughtful appointments. All in all, Titanic's construction cost the equivalent of about 47 million US dollars in today's currency. This massive new ship was designed to carry nearly 2,500 passengers and 900 crew. passengers and 900 crew. Of that passenger capacity, a little less than 900 could be accommodated in first class. Roughly 600 were then to be housed in second class, with the remainder of about 1,000 in third class. The facilities for upper-class passengers were decadent. These included a gymnasium, included a gymnasium, a saltwater pool, fine restaurants and cafes, a smoking room, a Victorian-style Turkish bath, a squash court, and hundreds of luxurious cabins. These premium spaces were decorated to remind people of upscale hotels, such as the Ritz, with furnishings calling to mind various historical styles,

calling to mind various historical styles ranging from the Renaissance to Louis XV. The third-class passengers were certainly far less comfortable. But in the context of the day, even they were treated to better accommodations than usual. At the time, most ships bunked third-class passengers in the forward end of the boat in open dormitories. Titanic, however, created two discrete sections, forward and aft. The front section was for single men, whereas single women and families occupied their own section in the back. Rather than simply offering open berths, the spaces were sectioned into private cabinets that held two to ten passengers each, which offered far more privacy. In addition, the lower-class passengers had their own dedicated restaurant and a large open space they could use as a social hall.

For anyone who has viewed James Cameron's blockbuster 1997 movie on the topic, it's natural to feel that the ship's dramatic center staircase was the star of the ship's design. Indeed, that staircase did truly exist, dropping seven decks deep and providing access to lavish entrance halls decorated in the William and Mary style with crystal light fixtures. Presiding above the stately English oak steps on top landing was a wooden panel with a clock featuring a carving of two figures called Honor and Glory Crowning Time.

Above all this, a dome of glass and wrought iron provided a well of natural light to illuminate the magnificence of the staircase. One of the aspects of the ship that has surely kept it so present in the popular imagination is its cast of characters. The first class of the best ocean liners had always been a social mecca for the privileged set, with mothers sometimes angling to get their daughters on voyages with eligible bachelors. But this particular voyage had attracted an almost unbelievable roll call of the high-born and wealthy figures of the day. Don Jacob Astor and his wife, Madeline, Benjamin Guggenheim, Isidor and Ida Strauss, who owned the Macy's department store, and wealthy philanthropist Margaret Brown, more familiarly known as Molly. town, more familiarly known as Mollie. Further, the passenger list had been set to include the voyage were men, and there were only 107 children

all told. Mostly, the youngest passengers were in third class. And of course, one cannot forget to mention the crew, who were a significant portion of the number on board, at 885 people. A surprising 97% were men, with the remaining population of women being mostly stewardesses who serviced cabins. 66 of those total workers were deck crew. An eye-popping 494 were in the category of victualling, and 325 men toiled to keep the engines fed with coal and running. 699 had signed on for the voyage in Southampton, where it departed. 40% of them were natives of that city. Let us not forget the eight young men who played as musicians on the voyage. They would go down in history as one of the Titanic's most enduring legends for their bravery.

Sources differ about the exact number of people on board, and that's because there were an unknown number of passengers who simply didn't make it on time. In an era without computers, it was harder to keep exact track of these things. But one fact may surprise modern listeners, and that is that despite popular depictions of the Titanic that show it bursting at the seams with passengers, it was actually not full. Leading up to the day of the launch, the UK was going through a coal strike that affected steam liners.

As a result, many travelers delayed their voyages. The strike did end a few days before the Titanic set sail, and coal was even transferred from other vessels in order to supply her. But this reprieve was too late to completely fill the ship to its capacity of 2,453 passengers. As a result, somewhere in the neighborhood of 1,300 actually set sail with the crew on April 10th. actually set sail with the crew on April 10th. Another misconception about the Titanic, which popular culture loves to perpetuate, is that the ship's hold was carrying some sort of treasure. There were false rumors that gold bullion was aboard, and one widely circulated legend suggested that an Egyptian mummy was part of the baggage. Furthermore, thanks to the fictional story at the center of James Cameron's award-winning film, there are surely many people alive today who think that a precious diamond was involved

as well. These are romantic tales that were simply untrue. Although another white starliner called the Lorentic left at the same time carrying gold bullion, gold bullion, there was none aboard the Titanic, and there was certainly no mummy or priceless jewel. In reality, the insurance claims after the sinking showed that there was little of huge value in anyone's possession, despite the illustrious members of society who were part of the crossing. Records show that the most expensive insurance claim was for a neoclassical painting by an artist named Mary Joseph Blondel, totaling $100,000. The technology aboard the Titanic was impressive in many ways, but it is also unproven that the White Star Line ever deemed her to be unsinkable. It is true that this claim was made by some other sources, such as the media,

but to accuse the White Star Line of complacency or negligence due to overconfidence would be unfair. Rather, ads from the company declared Titanic to be the largest and finest steamer in the world. This was a claim that could certainly be supported by its impressive design. The unsinkable boast arose because the ship had remotely operated watertight doors that could drop down vertically to seal its sixteen lower compartments. Supposedly, as long as no more than four of the compartments filled, the ship could stay afloat. It is important to note, however, that these chambers were really only watertight as long as the ship was horizontal, because they allowed water to escape up top. This turned out to be one of the factors in the

eventual sinking of the ship, although it was not by far the only problem that caused the disaster. Another feature of the ship that played a legendary role in the sinking was the much-touted, high-powered radio telegraph provided for both crew and passengers. provided for both crew and passengers. The equipment was leased from Marconi International, which provided two dedicated operators trained to send and receive its Morse code communications. communications. Unfortunately, the cachet of having such to a large number of friends that he was soon hosting a poker game in Los Angeles. It was while scrambling to keep up with the guest service that the Marconi operators ignored the initial ice warnings that could have saved the ship.

And finally, there can be no discussion of causality in the Titanic disaster without thinking about the lifeboats. Popular law has long reported that a careless lack of lifeboats was the major reason so many people perished at sea. While it's true that there were not enough lifeboats for all aboard, the blame cannot be put solely at the feet of the white Starline executives. It's important to note that the size of the newest ships of the era had outpaced existing maritime regulations designed for smaller ships. As a result, to put it simply, the largest new ships were only required to carry lifeboats sufficient for a portion of the people on board.

The Titanic was actually designed to carry enough lifeboats for everyone, but the executives at White Star Line felt that carrying the maximum number of lifeboats would obstruct views for the guests, and they reduced the total number. Even so, they still had four more boats than regulations required, and they felt confident about that compromise. This was especially true considering that even a dire accident on the Titanic was not expected to sink the entire ship, and that the lifeboats were envisioned as a method to ferry passengers to a waiting rescue vessel, rather than to sustain them for many hours in open waters.

As we all know today, those regulations and assumptions were misguided to a tragic extent, and amendments were made in the wake of the disaster. But it is certainly true that everyone involved in the decision-making felt that they were following sensible rules at the time. So it was that this luxurious new ocean liner departed from Southampton, England, on the 10th of April, 1912. The ultimate destination was New York City, but two additional stops were made. First, the ship stopped in Cherbourg, France, where it spent a couple of hours taking on more passengers before before heading to what is now known as Cove Island. Ultimately, there were somewhere north of 2,250 passengers and crew aboard. By 1.30 p.m. on April 11 11, the Titanic set off for the United States. For the next few days, this floating palace steamed across the Atlantic, with all systems performing as expected. performing as expected. The scheduled arrival at Pier 59 in New York was set for the morning of April 17. Contrary to what many people have come to believe, the crew of the Titanic was not trying to set any type of speed record. This is a factor sometimes

incorrectly cited in the sinking of the ship. Although speed certainly played a role, it It was not the primary objective. When all the boilers were lit, the Titanic was capable of traveling at a maximum speed of 21 knots, which was well below the 26 knots regularly traveled by the ships of the competing Cunard ship lines. Captain Edward John Smith, who was a very seasoned officer, wouldn't have dreamed of delivering his passengers early to New York, as it would have caused a great amount of inconvenience for everyone. By the evening of April 14th, the weather had become clear, calm, and very cold. Captain Smith received numerous warnings of floating ice in the area of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. These types of warnings were considered advisories. Instead, captains relied on lookouts to watch for ice for standard practice. So, while it may seem incredible to modern listeners

that both the radio operator and the captain ignored ice warnings, it is clear that such warnings did not have a high priority placed on them in general. not have a high priority placed on them in general. Captain Smith continued to steam ahead at the usual speed, retiring for the night around 9.20 p.m. At 11.40 p.m., the ice lookout alerted the bridge that there was an iceberg straight ahead. First Officer William Murdoch ordered that the ship reverse its engines and steer around the obstacle, but it was too late. The ship struck the iceberg on her starboard side.

The impact significantly damaged five watertight compartments and partially flooded a sixth. The ice didn't so much tear a hole in the hull as it dented the metal, but this caused the seams to buckle and allow water inside. As listeners may recall, the Titanic was designed to stay afloat with up to four compartments flooded. But this collision was worse. Within ten minutes, there was 14 feet of water inside the ship. Even five flooded chambers was too many. Even five flooded chambers was too many. It was soon apparent that the ship was, unbelievably, going to sink. As the damaged compartments filled and the ship tipped forward. Water ran from the top of one chamber into another,

like water filling an ice cube tray, sealing the fate of the Titanic. From watching movies about the disaster, it would be fair to think that a long period of time elapsed between the iceberg collision and the onset of evacuation efforts. However, in actuality, the situation on board devolved with incredible speed. By just after midnight, only 25 minutes after impact, the captain had ordered guests to be awakened and loaded into the lifeboats. As modern listeners, we can only imagine his thoughts as he mentally calculated how many spots were actually available in the boats, compared to the number of people on the ship. In this regard, it was a blessing that Titanic was not at passenger capacity. suggesting that Titanic was not at passenger capacity. While there were only lifeboat spaces for about half of those who were currently on

the ship, with a full load it would have been a third. What made this situation even worse was that the crew were not trained in how to load passengers into the lifeboats and deploy them. Women and children were considered to have priority, but it was unclear what to do if there were no additional women and children around when a given lifeboat needed to be launched. Should men be allowed to join? With no lack of clarity on this matter, many spaces were left untaken, and boats were launched half full. spiteful stories still exist about men dressing as women to save themselves. Most tangibly, an unfortunate fellow named William Sloper was accused of such shameful behavior,

and though it was completely untrue, he never lived it down. Indeed, the chairman of the White Star Line, Bruce Ismay, suffered slander, especially in the American press, for climbing into a lifeboat and saving himself. However, contrary to reports of his cowardice, he was actually seen by other survivors helping to load boats, and only entered a half-filled lifeboat right before it was going to be lowered, and no more passengers were in sight. Witnesses who testified at inquiries later confirmed that it would have been pointless for him to stay behind. Contributors for the Titanic Historical Society have suggested that Ismay's unfairly shameful legacy was the product of a smear campaign by the owner of the Hearst publications.

They allege that William Randolph Hearst and Ismay had already had a long-standing dislike of each other, which motivated the newspaper man to spin up a campaign pointing fingers at Ismay in the wake of the tragedy. The Historical Society article further points out that Captain Smith was considered a hero, with a statue erected in his honor, even though his choices fed directly into the series of events that sank the ship. Meanwhile, Ismay was reviled merely for surviving. Even while Ismay was reviled merely for surviving, it is certainly a contrast that deserves consideration. In the end, nearly 50% of the Titanic survivors were men, but considering that the vast majority of the people on the ship were male, this would have necessarily been the case. In comparison, about 75% of the women survived, along with 50% of the children.

The surprising fact that only half the children survived, even though they had priority in the lifeboats, is consistent with the fact that most of the children on board were in third class. History has perpetuated a myth that third-class passengers were locked below deck during the sinking. This accusation has been leveled at the crew and dramatically enhanced for the sake of entertainment. In actuality, this did not really happen. Although many of the casualties were among the third-class passengers, that was not done by design. Rather it was a function of their numbers and the location on the ship, although it is fair to say that they were not assisted as much as the wealthier passengers,

and were left largely to figure their escape out for themselves. One of the most moving tributes to the heroes aboard the Titanic is the oft-told tale of the eight musicians who played while the ship went down. That story does appear to actually be true. Although there is some disagreement about what song they played, it is not surprising that history mostly prefers Nearer My God to Thee as their choice of a final serenade to Titanic and its panicked passengers. While all this chaos was happening, the radio operators were sending distress signals, and rockets were being fired to attract any nearby vessel. History has zeroed in on the inaction of the SS Californian, which was close enough that

it could have saved lives had it responded promptly. Ironically, it was the SS Californian which had sent Titanic an ice warning hours before. This was the communication that had been rebuffed by the busy radio operator who had failed to pass it on to Captain Smith. But what is puzzling, and what confounded investigators later, was why the Californian failed to approach Titanic, even when the distress rockets were visible. approach Titanic, even when the distress rockets were visible. Captain Lord of clear. Help did not arrive in time to save the passengers on the Titanic. Although people often say that the Titanic was the place where the Signal SOS was first used, this is another fabrication. In fact, the Signal SOS had already been in use for about three years by the time the Titanic sank,

and evidence shows that the operators didn't actually signal SOS at all. Rather, they used the old code for distress, which was CQD. At 2.05 a.m. on April 15th, the last lifeboat on Titanic was lowered into the water, leaving approximately 1,500 people still on board the ship. The end came not long after. At 2.18 a.m., the last radio message was sent, calling for help. Two minutes later, the Titanic sank. Although it was believed for years that the vessel had gone down in one piece, the discovery of the wreck in 1985 revealed that it had snapped in half, submerging everyone who was

left aboard. In the moments afterwards, only five survivors were picked up by the lifeboats, although the boats could have accommodated another 500. This is one of the sad truths about the sinking. There was little heroism apparent among the frightened survivors. Instead of seeking people to pull to safety, they stayed away in fear of having their boats swamped. As the survivors floated in the icy waters, the ocean liner Carpathia steamed in their direction as fast as it could, firing rockets to alert the Titanic it was en route. it was en route. Still, the rescue ship did not arrive until 4am, far too late to help anyone who was not in a boat. Fans of James Cameron's iconic movie will recognize this agonizingly long stretch of time as the period during which the character of Rose survives, floating on a piece of wood while Jack succumbs to the freezing temperatures.

Although that scene is fiction, it represents the true fate of anyone who didn't make it above the waterline. In the light of day, the array of icebergs that were ultimately revealed around the Titanic was considerable. panic was considerable. Due to challenging conditions, it took the Carpathia three days to deliver the survivors to New York. Upon arriving, the ship was met by a massive crush of onlookers and an army of press. Many expeditions attempted to find the wreck of Titanic over the ensuing decades, but it was not until 1985 that a Franco-American team was able to locate it 12,000 feet under the surface, off the coast of Newfoundland. As it sank, it had left an enormous field of debris, measuring about five by three miles across. Among the artifacts are a poignant collection of items ranging from plates to personal belongings.

The unfortunate passengers who went down with the ship are long gone now, although their one-time presence on the ocean's floor can be determined by the sight of their shoes, some of which survived the test of time. Of note, that grand staircase in the center of the ship has vanished entirely. Experts believe it's simply ejected through the glass dome above. Scientific expeditions have continued since the initial discovery. Experts strive to piece together as much information about Titanic as possible, even as time and nature continue to cause deterioration of the wreckage. The remains of the Titanic are fortunately protected by the provisions of the 2001 UNESCO

Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. underwater cultural heritage. What is left of her cannot be looted or destroyed. The effects of the Titanic disaster have reverberated through history. As a result of the inquiry, there were many changes in safety regulations that benefited future seafarers. Major revisions were made to lifeboat requirements and disaster training protocols, for example. protocols, for example. Further new standards were established for 24-hour radio monitoring so that future warnings and emergency calls would not be missed. Lastly, the disaster spurred the funding and formation of the International Ice Patrol, a U.S. Coast Guard agency that would monitor and report on the location of North Atlantic ocean icebergs, making the ocean safe for traffic. making the ocean safe for traffic. In aggregate, these provisions were all huge advancements in safety that we owe to the Titanic. Although positive changes like these are wonderful, it is important to take some of the lessons of the true story of Titanic to heart.

Rather, it was a very unfortunate series of events and lapses in judgment that created a disaster of enormous magnitude. to prioritize vanity and greed above fairness and safety, and to fail to heed the messages and warnings of colleagues. Each of these individual human errors determined the fate of the people aboard the Titanic, with the infamous iceberg setting off an irreversible chain of final events. As author Marina Tavares Diaz wrote in her 2012 book, Titanic started a voyage through history when it sailed away. One century later, there is still no port at sight. at sight. However, while she and many of her passengers will never arrive, their legacy lives on. Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Thank you. Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Thank you. Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Sveta, Thank you.