Sounds Like A Cult - The Cult of Synanon
Episode Date: December 10, 2024PRESALE CODE: VANCOUVER Buy tickets to The Big Magical Cult Show in Vancouver, Canada on February 21, 2025! Father is back!!! No, not Father Algorithm, but *actual* Father. Indeed, Amanda's sweet...ie dad, Craig Montell, returns to the pod after his featurette on last year's cult of Military Wives episode, for an extra-special end-of-year, two-part deep dive into the cult that he survived and that inspired this entire show: Synanon. Craigo brings his dad charm and cult experience to break down exactly how this well-intentioned drug rehabilitation program spiraled into a full-on '70s compound complete with paranoia, hypocrisy, and some very strange hairstyling choices. This "classic cult" discussion may not be typical SLAC fodder, but the story is actually more relevant than ever. Craig is here not just to divulge his shocking past, but also to scrutinize how Synanon’s same rituals and methods of manipulation are alive and well in today's society, from our politics to our social media feeds. Cozy in for some culty parental wisdom, and stay tuned for Part 2 next week to hear the end of the tale! Subscribe to Sounds Like A Cult on YouTube! Follow us on IG @soundslikeacultpod @amanda_montell @reesaronii @chelseaxcharles Thank you to our sponsors! Dipsea is offering an extended 30-day free trial when you go to DipseaStories.com/cult. Shop the SKIMS Holiday Shop at skims.com/cult. Cut your wireless bill to 15 bucks a month at MINTMOBILE.com/cult. Visit BetterHelp.com/CULT today to get 10% off your first month.
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We are always facing the possibility of a cult leader
exerting much, much more power over people's lives and minds
than they initially set out to do.
We look around the world today in 2024,
and we see lots of strong men who didn't start out
as strong men.
And just as a result of their power, they started doing things that were really just
in their own self-interest.
They forgot about all the causes that got them into politics, starting an organization.
I don't think we could ever get to a time when we can't think about the dangers of
the really bad cults.
This is Sounds Like a Cult, a show about the modern day cults we all follow.
I'm your host Amanda Montell, author of the books Cultish and The Age of Magical Overthinking.
Every week on the show, we discuss a different fanatical fringe group from the cultural zeitgeist.
From Elon Musk's stans to Swifties,
to try and answer the big question,
this group sounds like a cult, but is it really?
And if so, which of our three cult categories
does it fall into? A live your life, a watch your back, or a get the fuck out?
After all, this show exists to unpack the notion that cultishness can kind of mean anything.
In 2024, 2025, cultish influence can be found in places that are not the classic Manson-esque compounds
that might come to mind when you think of the word cult.
They can show up in your corporate offices, in your fitness studios, in your online forums.
On this show, we discuss a wide range of groups to determine whether something that might
look fanatical and fringy and ritualistic and weird on the outside really is that risky?
Or if it's relatively harmless, and we also discuss groups that might look
totally innocent or mainstream but are actually more sinister than that in a
cultish way. The word cult is kind of tossed around willy-nilly which doesn't
mean that we shouldn't use it. It simply means that when we're discussing some
of these more dangerous or threatening groups, we need to get more specific about the qualities
of manipulation and exploitation. And today is a very, very special episode.
Totally unlike our typical sounds like a cult thoughter, this is MyCulties, the
Sinanon episode, part one.
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This is the episode dedicated to the most classic cult
that we'll ever discuss on the show,
but it is the inspiration behind all of my work,
all of this sort of lighthearted, jokey material
that I create about cults does have a more serious root, and that is the fact that my
dad grew up in Synanon, which is now a pretty well-known cult thanks to a slew of documentaries
that have been released. It was a sort of 70s utopian commune experiment that started out as
an alternative drug rehab and then morphed into a monstrous cult, you may have seen photos of the Synanon
members with shaved heads and matching coveralls.
But at the time that I started this podcast and the time that I wrote Cultish, most people
hadn't heard of Synanon the way that they had heard of Heaven's Gate or Jonestown or
Scientology, allegedly, allegedly.
My dad is the only, sounds like a cult guest, who is appearing on the show for the second time.
We actually did do a collab episode together last year.
We mixed up the format a little bit.
That was more of like a listener submitted stories episode where we collected a bunch of written in cult tales from our listeners.
One was the cult of military wives, another the cult of Abercrombie and Fitch, the Cult of the Music Industry. We just sort of discussed them and had some banter about
them. We mostly dedicated that episode to discussing the Cult of Military Wives and
we kind of like compared and contrasted that group to the Synanon experience to try to
get a sense of how cult it really was. And the response to that episode from our acolytes,
or sounds like a cult acolytes, was so positive.
There were many people being like,
bring on Craig as the permanent co-host,
which was so sweet.
I was so nervous recording that episode that day
because, I don't know, it's just like personal
to have your dad on the show.
And yeah, I was just like very flustered
during that recording.
So having people receive our conversation so well
was really encouraging.
At the same time, there were some listeners
who did not appreciate the experimental format.
We just were like,
this is not a typical sounds like a cult episode
because it had so many listener written in stories
instead of deep diving into just one topic.
The title is the cult of Military Wives,
and some people felt like it was clickbait,
and they were like, why don't you, in the future,
do just a whole episode dedicated to the cult of military wives
and then a whole separate episode dedicated to Sinanon?
Doesn't that make more sense, Amanda?
And I was like, okay, fine, fine, fine.
So, happily, obligingly, we are here today to do a true Cinnonon deep dive episode.
And I am honored to be joined by the man who is not only known as my dad, not only known
as a Cinnonon survivor, but also perhaps best known as Sounds Like a Cult's loyalist listener.
Thank you very much.
So for those who either haven't listened to the episode
in which you've already appeared,
who are not familiar with you or your story,
could you kind of like introduce yourself,
who is Craig Montell today?
And then what is your relationship to Synanon?
I would be happy to do that.
First, I'd like to say I'm just thrilled to be here
for a second time
on Sounds Like a Cult. It's such an honor. And last time was so much fun. So let me tell you a
little bit about myself now. I am a professor at the University of California at Santa Barbara.
I moved there in 2013. Denise, my wife, is also a professor there, and we used to be professors at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine before we were enticed to come to Paradise.
The cult of Santa Barbara.
It is kind of culty because it's like Pleasantville.
It is.
There are people who've grown up in Santa Barbara whose goal in life is to come back
if they are forced to leave for jobs or schooling or whatever, And I am definitely part of the cult of Santa
Barbara.
It's a live your life.
It is definitely a live your life.
It's live your life and live it well.
It's like my former father, my father-in-law who unfortunately passed away a few years
ago used to say, you wouldn't want to die here because heaven would be a disappointment.
Oh, Papa, sweet, loved Santa Barbara. Indeed. So that's me now. And the stories that I used to tell you, as you'll recall,
were really based on my years in Sinan during my high school years, from the time I was
in 10th, 11th, and 12th grade. And my dad was really gung-ho on moving into Sinan. Do
you want me to give you a little background
for the audience?
Yes, I'm desperate for background.
I'll also just set up the context
that when I was a little kid,
I would always ask my parents, beg them really,
tell me a story, tell me a story.
And I didn't want them to be made up.
You know, like sometimes you and mom
would attempt to spin a fairy tale.
And I was like, no, no, no, no,
tell me a story from your life.
And I still am constantly begging the people from my life
to tell me their personal stories.
Feels like I'm in the right line of work, but yeah.
So I would, I would beg you to tell me stories
from your life.
And then it just so happened that the stories
from your life were like the most riveting stories
you could imagine, far stranger than fiction,
stories of poverty and rising from the ashes and like New York
in the 50s and 60s and shaking Bobby Kennedy's hand and growing up with incredible hardship
and we don't have time to go into your early childhood in New York City. But I really feel
as though I kind of cut my journalistic teeth on like, asking you these really invasive questions
about your childhood and you so generously obliged
and supplied answers to those questions.
And I loved hearing those stories of synanon.
They were disturbing, they were inspiring.
And as I grew up, I couldn't help but notice
that the sort of methods of influence that
you would describe as a part of Sinanon, whether you were talking about the language or the
conformist uniforms or the idol worship of Sinanon's leader, Chuck Diedrich, to a degree,
those culty methods of influence could be found in so many other pockets of life, whether
it was my high school theater program or when I got to college, the cult of academia had
so many things in common with synanon. I know you dispute that. And then certainly once
I moved to LA, wellness culture, fitness culture here, Hollywood is so culty. I just, everything
kept reminding me of synanon and that that applied X-1000 to cliques and ideological sex
that would form on social media.
Yes.
So, Dad, obviously synanon is totally unlike most
of the cults that we discuss on Sounds Like a Cult,
because it is no longer active.
It existed decades and decades ago.
It is regarded by almost every living person with a brain as a
classic cult. It's fascinating to discuss Synanon because of your personal connection to it and your
stories. But more broadly, why do you think it's important to discuss the Synanon story
in the context of cultishness today? I think we are always facing the possibility of a cult leader exerting much, much more
power over people's lives and minds than they initially set out to do.
I think that a lot of cult leaders, Chuck included, started out with really, really
great intents. And we look around the world today in 2024,
and we see lots of strong men
who didn't start out as strong men,
who started out as good people,
and just as a result of their power,
they started doing things that were really just
in their own self-interest.
They forgot about all the causes that got them into
going into politics, starting an organization,
and so on and so forth.
Getting into business.
I don't think we could ever get to a time
when we can't think about the dangers
of the really bad cults.
They'll never go away.
There's a cliche that those who don't
know history are doomed to relive it. And so we have to be aware of what's happened in the past
to educate ourselves about what could happen in the future.
And to have the humility to know that, like, this is not just a story about a bunch of people we have
nothing in common with who lived long ago
This type of influence can affect us all in various ways and even if you never end up in a cult like synonon
It's still worth
interrogating our
Affiliations even if they're mostly good
But yes some background is definitely necessary and to help us with our interview today
I collected some questions submitted by listeners because this interview has been Some background is definitely necessary. And to help us with our interview today,
I collected some questions submitted by listeners
because this interview has been anticipated
by several listeners who've been tuning
into Sounds Like a Cult for a while.
So the first question is just, how did you join?
Was it voluntary or involuntary?
Well, I think to answer that question,
I do need to give just a little backstory.
100%. And not to answer that question, I do need to give just a little backstory. A hundred percent.
And I, not to go into details, but I did grow up for my first 12 years in Manhattan on 141st
Street between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue at the time, had the highest murder rate in
the city of New York.
And I lived in a very small apartment with my single unemployed mom and my sister.
And things were pretty rough.
But then just before starting eighth grade, the three of us moved to San Francisco.
Things were pretty rough there.
And then at the time that I was due to start ninth grade, I moved in with my dad who was
living in Reno at the time.
My mother and father had been separated and divorced for many, many years, separated since
I was three.
And when I moved to Reno with my dad, he was already immersed in synanon.
He didn't live in synanon, but he was part of the non-resident synanon club there.
It was so important to him at the time, playing the synanon game, which I'm sure we're going
to have to talk about in just a few minutes.
And then a year into living with my dad, he found out that Sinanon, which was a place
where ex-drug addicts and alcoholics moved in, but became very popular with people who
just wanted to move in for the lifestyle.
They were called lifestylers.
Anyhow, at the end of ninth grade,
when I was living with my dad, he was informed
they were closing the Reno Sinan Club.
So my dad and stepmother Judy decided
they would just move into Sinan.
They'd sell their house.
My dad would quit his job
at the First National Bank of Nevada.
I had two sisters that were at the time were
one and three years old.
Half sisters.
Half sisters, thank you.
Whole humans, half sisters.
Exactly. And we picked up and moved into Sinan. To answer your question, as you know, it was
not something I wanted to do. I had already been exposed to Sinan as an outsider in Reno,
and I had a lot of trepidation, but for a variety of reasons
I really didn't have a choice.
I was only not quite 15 yet.
And so we moved in.
My two half-sisters, one and three, went into the Sinan School, which is a 24-7 school,
and the parents, my dad and stepmother, would see them only very occasionally,
maybe once a week, every couple of weeks.
And then I moved in with a dorm with some other teenagers.
But to answer your question,
no, I was not enthusiastic about that.
Yeah, and this is one of the things
that makes your story so unique, I think,
in the cult space is that oftentimes when you tune in to a cult
documentary like Wild Wild Country or The Vow, I mean, I before I started
commenting on cults myself, I voraciously consumed these types of
series. You normally hear the story of why so-and-so ended up in a cult from
the perspective of an adult who joined voluntarily, who's like really trying to
make the argument
that they were not cuckoo,
that they did not quote unquote drink the Kool-Aid
to make reference to a sort of slightly in poor taste cliche
based on the Jonestown tragedy.
They try to tell the story
that like they just really wanted their life
to be meaningful and they were not satisfied
with their day today in different ways.
And that does kind of describe your father.
So Conrad, my grandfather, was a former card-carrying communist.
He was a sort of like self-proclaimed intellectual.
He was a smart guy.
He was a charismatic guy.
He was a discerning person.
But it was 1969 and there was this countercultural energy blooming in
America among progressives, especially among young people. He was in middle age by that
point, but my understanding is that he was kind of just like working this bank job, living
in the suburbs with a wife and two little kids and was growing restless, experiencing
some ennui,
it wasn't like he was desperate or down on his luck.
He just wanted his life to be more exciting
and more meaningful and that's why he joined.
And of course you were a minor,
so you came along with him and you didn't show up thinking
like, oh, this place is great.
And then like slowly but surely the story turned sour.
You knew already going in that even if the word cult
wasn't at the forefront of your mind that there was something off here. So
would you say that that categorization of Conrad's motivations is accurate?
Yes, let me just give a little bit more perspective. What you said is
absolutely accurate but let me give a little perspective.
absolutely accurate but it'll give a little perspective.
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Sinon started in 1958.
Chuck Dederich was a former alcoholic.
That's the leader.
That is, yes, the leader that you'll hear more about.
And he was a member of Alcoholics Anonymous and kind of broke
off from AA and started in a little storefront in Santa Monica, California, started his own
organization which started with the name Tender Loving Care. They couldn't keep that name because
it was already taken. And there were just a small number of people who were drug addicts, Chuck liked to call them dope fiends, would come in.
And very soon thereafter, within weeks, it became a live-in situation.
And over the next dozen or so years, it had grown to several facilities in Oakland, in
Santa Monica, a small one in San Diego, and also in Tomales Bay in Marin County.
And out of the 1,500 people living there, at the time, probably about 1,000 of them
were still people Chuck called dope fiends or drunks for the alcoholics.
But then, over the few years prior to that, there were a lot of folks that didn't have
those backgrounds.
People like my dad, who wanted to move into Sinan because it was a communal lifestyle. Chuck really
devoured the readings from Ralph Waldo Emerson, Thoreau, Maslow, and even though he didn't finish
college himself, was a very well-educated person. And my dad was all in on the philosophy, the communal social living, and yes, his communist
background, which started when he was about 18 years old, really, I think, was a major
influence in wanting him to move into Sinanon.
Most kids my age were in the Sinanon school, a non-accredited school.
I didn't want to do that because I knew back,
even back then that I ultimately wanted to go to college.
So I managed to make sure that I didn't go to that school
and I was one of the very, very, very few.
There was only, you could put on one hand,
the number of people that managed to go
to outside high school having moved in
with so-called lifestylers, people like my dad who moved in for the lifestyle.
Yeah, people who moved to escape
the sort of turbulent reality of the era
in pursuit of something hopefully better, if experimental.
I'm sure plenty listening can relate to that desire
on some level.
I feel like you've told me this,
but I don't remember exactly the answer. One
person asked, how were you able to get away with going to that outside school? I know
you've said it was something about like Conrad's loyalty to Chuck and you like caught a ride
into San Francisco every day and you were able to like lay low, but how are you able
to pull that off? Well, as it turned out, the folks in Synodon viewed joining their school as a privilege.
And so their attitude really, for very different reasons, aligned with mine.
They felt, well, if you don't want to go to this school to hell with you, it's your loss.
And to me, I thought that is really fantastic because I don't want to do it.
So for very good reasons that were very different,
we came to an agreement.
I was living in Oakland.
The school that I ended up going to
was a school in San Francisco.
And it just so happened there was another lifestyler
named Ed, who was a middle school teacher back then.
We called him junior high school,
who taught math maybe in a school five minutes away.
And so every day for the next three years,
I would commute with them.
There was a lot of traffic.
It took an hour each way.
And I went to this outside high school.
So I was sort of, in a way, a foreigner in my high school
because I just went to school and back.
And I didn't really interact with the kids socially
outside of classes.
And then in Sinanon, I was kind of different than everyone else too,
except for a couple of other people in that I was going to outside high school.
So I was sort of in no man's land. I was like a man without a country.
Well, it's interesting you put it that way, and this is probably charged language
that deserves interrogation, but I went to a conference
a couple of years ago. I called
you right after I attended it because I had so much to say, but it was a conference in
D.C. called the Rights and Religions Forum, which was put on by an organization that aims
to rehabilitate folks who grew up in cult-like religions, not groups like, you know, NXIVM,
where everyone can agree that's a full-blown
cult, but you know, groups like Mormonism, the Amish, ultra-hasidic Judaism, these groups
that are just like really insular but are protected by America's freedom of religion.
But some of these groups like really just take that way too far and it can have a super
damaging effect on its members and the way that they're raised.
To varying degrees, growing up in a cultish environment or full-blown cult in the United
States can make you a serious misfit in a way that can follow you throughout the rest
of your life.
And we'll talk about like you posts in and on and how you sort of like recuperated from
that experience later.
But I would love if you could talk about
what people saw in Chuck.
Like what was his background?
What were his ideologies?
And why did people not notice
that this was starting to get culty?
So first of all, let me just describe him physically first.
He was sort of a physically imposing person.
He wasn't handsome, but he was imposing.
So at the time that he started Sinan,
he was in his mid-40s.
He was born, I believe, in 1914.
So by the time that I joined,
which was, he was already in his mid-50s,
and everyone called him the old man,
although he was at the older end of middle age,
but he wasn't really old.
But he had a very serious viral infection early on
in his adulthood, part of his face,
through an operation that was necessary after that.
Looked like it was paralyzed.
One of his eyes was like partially closed.
And he had this voice that was very strong, commanding voice. And he would speak
with this commanding voice of his readings that I already mentioned, readings not only
of 19th century SES and philosophers like Thoreau and Emerson, 20th century folks like
Maslow and others, Buckminster Fuller, but he also became very self-educated
in Eastern philosophy and many other areas.
And he would speak with tremendous authority and with great fluidity and with a booming
voice and people were in awe of him.
It didn't matter what he said, they were just transfixed. He was mesmerizing to
people. He could come up with some view for Sinanon. Everyone was all in and it could
change the next week and people were all in because what Chuck said was the only thing
that was constant in Sinanon was change. It didn't matter. He was like a deity in Sinan.
So he didn't have movie star good looks.
There are some male cult leaders
who really lead with that sex symbol status.
For him, it sounds like he had more of this paternal status,
but from the way that you describe his looks
and his voice and his background,
he probably read to people like,
I'm someone with a story. I'm someone who's been through it. And thus I have gained all this wisdom
that has created this community. Just look around. You know, this didn't happen by accident. This is
because of me and my transcendent knowledge of life. And yeah, that can be really compelling for people who are looking
for a communal life. And it was the late sixties, like cult discourse didn't exist then like it does
now. The word cult did not enter the mainstream American lexicon as something that everybody
should know about and fear until the late sixties. But really it wasn't until Jonestown in 1978 when cults really became something that were like a household
phobia and priority. And when I was in Sinanon, I never heard the word cult. I should say that the way
Chuck led the organization is through tough love. You're either with me or you can get the hell out.
Yeah, and if you got the hell out, you were called a split T. And talk about
costs for leaving, you were cut off. You were considered dead. And Chuck would say, if you
left, you would fall down a manhole. And so, you know, a lot of people did leave because
it was tough, but other people stayed for, in the end, there were people there for more than 20 years.
But he was a very, very charismatic leader,
and most people would just go for it whenever he wanted.
He was almost like a deity, and I'll never forget
once when I was in Sinanon for a very short period of time,
looking at a Bolton board that was written probably
from someone nine or 10 years old in the Sinan School that referred to Chuck as a man god.
Wow.
This is from a child, but obviously this came from what were called the demonstrators.
They weren't trained teachers, the demonstrators at the Sinan School.
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already a few times today. We talked about it a bit in our episode last year, but the centerpiece of life in Sinanon
was this mandatory ritual called the game.
Can you explain what that was?
Yes.
So everyone, first of all, played the game and it was required a couple, three times
a week and would go on to three hours and a dozen
or so people would sit around in a circle. What you actually experienced in
the game was catharsis at a level that few people ever experienced. You
could say anything you want in the game and people did and the only real rule
was that you had to keep your seat, no physical violence.
And the idea of the game is by just getting attacked from everyone else in the game,
that you would find insights that you might not have before. But it was also just for many people
very cathartic. It could also be very, very intimidating. And during the game, it was also just for many people very cathartic. It could also be very, very intimidating.
And during the game, it was expected that everyone,
so-called, back the play of the person accusing
someone else of something.
Yeah, so just to put an image in listeners' heads,
when you would show up to the game
and you couldn't sit the game out.
So you would gather in a circle.
How were the circles determined?
At random?
Semi-random.
So I was in Sinan, Oakland.
There were about 500 of us living there.
And within that 500 group,
we were divided into what are called tribes.
And each tribe had 50, 60 people.
And then there was a tribe leader. And on
game night, he would divide up folks into a group of about 12. And it seemed to us it
was random, but sometimes a tribe leader had some thought in mind in terms of how to organize.
Like a reality TV producer. Like, I want you to get into a fight with you.
And at times it felt like you were a gladiator just verbally.
Yeah, exactly.
So you would be assigned a group, you would gather in a circle.
And the idea was just to, you know, have people stand up,
single out another person in the group and malign them.
And everyone else in the group had to have their back.
What's the phrase again? Back the play and malign them. And everyone else in the group had to have their back.
What's the phrase again? Back the play. Back the play. And of course, many of us probably
know that catharsis doesn't do what we always hope it will do by getting your sillies out
or making you somehow less violent by providing a permission structure just to say like every horrible thing to a person that you could think of but that was the idea
behind this exercise. And some people loved it. Like your dad. Yeah they loved
the game they felt that it allowed them to explore things that they didn't
explore before and they also enjoyed playing the game on other people
when the game was on someone else.
Oh yeah, like if you wanna pick a fight with someone
or if you have an issue with someone in your life,
I can see it, like how nice would it be
to have an excuse to just like lay into them, you know?
Or your boss, you could do that.
And there was a concept of in the game and out of the game.
It's sort of like anything that was said in the game
was supposed to stay in the game.
And then when you left,
it was like everything's back to normal.
Right, which of course it isn't
because your body holds onto that stress.
And by the way, remnants of the Sinanon game still live on today
and show up in modern day cultish environments that might not look like classic cults on the outside,
like for example, the troubled teen industry. And actually, sometimes Instagram comment sections
remind me of the Sinanon game or social media comment sections in general, when people are calling
out others seemingly in pursuit of correcting some injustice, but really it's just cathartic
for them and they're trying to build their own clout or get up on a high horse. Social media
comment sections are the new Sinanon game in my opinion. So truly this story is ever relevant. Right. And so there were folks who were extremely articulate
and charismatic who would by virtue of their own personality
could sort of control the game.
And a lot of those folks would just love it.
It was really, they called it a game
because for them it was also fun.
Yeah, play to their strengths.
Exactly.
And there were also skills that you would learn, like the carom shot.
So for example, if there could be 12 people
around the circle, it wasn't always 12,
but around that number.
And let's say that I wanted to accuse you of something.
I would actually-
What?
I couldn't possibly.
You're perfect.
But nevertheless, just imagine
I wanted to accuse you of something.
I could be talking to someone else, not you,
and talk about you, but to somebody else,
and then you would try to defend yourself
and say, no, no, no, no, the game is not on you.
I'm talking to that person.
That was called a carrom shot.
Oh, wow.
And there were a lot of skills like that
that people would learn.
And imagine I'm sitting in this circle.
I'm not quite 15 when we started doing this. And some of them are what Chuck would call dope fiends. There
might be out of the 12, might be eight or nine of them, a couple of lifestyleers.
And then there was me and I found it intimidating.
Mm-hmm, of course.
And you know, my MO was to as best as possible kind of go below the radar screen.
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
And so I never really got into it. It was something I survived.
Yeah. Okay, this is going to sound really stupid, but your stories of laying really
low in Cinnonon and not really participating in a full throttle way in the game really got me through the one semester I spent in acting
college.
I spent my first semester of college in Tisch, in the NYU Tisch School for the Arts acting
school, which is a way lower stakes cult than Sinanon, obviously.
But there were quite a few things in common, like the us versus them mentality and the
super militaristic occupation of your time and all the busy work and the conformity, like literally
wearing neutral colored clothes for acting class and the worship of your acting teachers, just like
unquestioned worship and rituals and whatever. Like it seemed culty, obviously not on a Cinnabon level, but on a watch your back level.
And when we would have to engage in these like
pretty cathartic interpersonal exercises where, you know,
all the acting students would be in a circle coerced
into like confessing their vulnerabilities
and breaking down in front of one another.
I remember thinking like,
this reminds me of the fucking Cinnabon game.
And I would lay really low.
I like wouldn't fully participate
because I felt so skeptical of that.
And anyway, I got the fuck out of acting school.
So, I mean, of course the Sinon game did help
along with many other aspects of Sinon,
turning a lot of what, again,
the folks that Chuck called dope fiends around.
There was an important
thing that Synanon was doing. People would be coming in who might have been on a heroin
for a dozen years, who might have in fact died, would come into Synanon, get their life
together. And so, for a lot of these folks, Synanon really did save their lives.
Yeah.
And the Synanon game was very useful for them
to get out some of the demons that were in them. And even just shouting and screaming
at other people was also very cathartic. And so, while it was a very different experience
for me, for some of the folks who came in as what Chuck would call character disorders,
a lot of these folks owed their
lives. They felt like they owed their lives to Sinai. For the lifestylers who felt like
they had meaningless lives on the outside, they would go to work, come home, make dinner,
watch TV, go to sleep, go to work, come home, make dinner, watch. And all of a sudden, they're
in a social movement. And the leader is this exciting, charismatic person
that was meaning in their lives.
And then there was me, who I was one of the people
who didn't come in because I was trying to get off
of a life-threatening drug habit,
stealing hundreds of dollars worth of merchandise
today to support it, or coming in because I was
looking for meaning in my life as a lifestyler, I came in because basically I was a minor. As you
said, I didn't have a choice. So I want to put it in that perspective because at the time I was in
Sinanon, it was doing a lot of good for a lot of people. But later in the years after I left, it really did turn into a full blown negative cult in
ways that even I couldn't foresee at the time.
Oh, foreshadowing.
Before we get into the whole rise and fall of Sinanon, because it is such a fascinating,
almost cautionary tale. I
want to relay a few more questions from our listeners about your specific
experience and your observations of Cinnonon in those earlier days. There was
someone who wanted to know if you could describe the uniform look in Cinnonon.
That's an interesting question. There really was one. There were a couple aspects to it.
First, in terms of what you wore, the typical thing, the most synanon-esque kind of clothing
you could wear were overalls, like Levi blue denim overalls. It's honestly very Gen Z. It's very now.
Well, back then it was an unusual thing. Maybe farmers would wear these kind of overalls, but it was.
It's giving Ben Platt.
Poor dad, he doesn't understand references such as this.
No, I don't.
I've been learning a lot from you, like,
what was that, something lore?
Lore drop.
Lore drop.
But I learned that from Reese.
So you're learning Gen Z terminology and trends
secondhand from me through Reese.
Well, I'm thankful for that.
Shout out to Reese.
So besides the clothing, people had very short cropped hair. In fact, when I moved into Sinanon,
my hair was unacceptably long.
Well, it was the 60s.
Yeah. And so I had to have it cut quite short. It wasn't actually in a crew cut,
but that's what everyone else pretty much had.
It was a little bit longer than that.
Still, it was about the shortest of anyone
you would find in my high school.
So that was the look, is that the standard look.
You didn't always wear overalls,
but that was the most classic Sinanon look.
So I feel like if the average person has heard of Sinanon, the image that comes to mind for
them is like a bunch of people bald heads.
Like that's what it's known for.
The group head shaving parties.
Can you explain what all that head shaving was about?
Because that is one of those canonical cult images that I feel like gives some people
license to think like, oh, those people were cuckoo you know? Well there were a few stages and
rationales for head-shaving. Early on before it was done in mass at first if a
man broke one of the Sin-non cardinal rules and early on the first two cardinal
rules were no physical violence and no psychic modifiers, meaning
no alcohol or drinks. And later, just before we moved in, there was a third cardinal rule,
no smoking. A lot of people split over no smoking.
Whoa.
Literally.
That's like probably in my mind, the best rule any cult could have.
Yes, but about 300 people split over that.
So early on in terms of the shaved heads, if you broke one of the cardinal rules, if
you're a man, you would get your head shaved.
And that made it very obvious to everyone around that you did something really wrong.
Oh my God, shame.
It was shame.
And sometimes folks would even need to have a sign hanging from around their neck that
might've explained what they did.
If a woman broke a cardinal rule, we're talking in the 60s and in the early days, soon after
I moved in, the woman would have a stocking cap.
It's so medieval.
It's like putting a petty thief in the medieval times in the stocks, you know?
Like, that's what it makes me think of.
Well, right.
And a person would go into the stocks to humiliate them.
It was also uncomfortable, but mostly it was humiliation.
Later on, there were massive numbers of people who would shave their heads as a show of support
for Sinanon. This happened after I left synanon.
There was some incidents that led up to some women shaving their heads.
This was an amazing show of support,
so these women thought,
and then a whole bunch of other women joined in.
Then it became, even if you didn't want to do it,
just the group
pressure resulted in you shaving your heads. And what's really interesting,
there were a number of movies that were made where they needed extras and they
needed the extras to have shaved heads. And so there are a couple of movies
out there where the extras were shaved heads synonites. I remember you telling
me that when we recorded last year and that is just like, so one of those fun culty facts
that you could not make up.
That is stranger than fiction.
Okay, I love this question because one of the most vivid
memories I have of the synodon stories you would tell me
when I was growing up had to do with the peanut butter.
Someone asks, what was the food situation in Sinanon like?
Okay, so interesting story about the peanut butter.
Before I even moved in with my dad,
when I was just getting ready to start ninth grade,
when I was in eighth grade, I was living in San Francisco.
And I knew my dad was already a member
of the non-resident Sinanon Club in Reno. I was a little curious about it. I knew my dad was already a member of the non-resident Sinon Club in Reno.
I was a little curious about it.
I knew a little bit about it.
I heard about the game.
I knew he was involved in it.
But I was just curious.
I was living in San Francisco with my mom and sister, and I knew there was a club in
Oakland.
And I ended up going down to that Oakland club, and I found that if you were a young teenager like I was,
I had just turned 13, you could join and become what was called a notion, a Sinan notion.
And there was peanut butter and jelly out that you could have at your heart's delight
in the Oakland facility, which used to be a health facility.
It was a 11-story former health facility.
There was a swimming pool, there was a basketball court,
there were other kids.
And so I ended up joining.
Now once we moved into Sinanon,
you got three squares a day, breakfast, lunch, and dinner,
and there was always peanut butter and jelly out
in one place or another.
And that was better than your whole childhood by far.
Well, yes.
So back when I was in eighth grade in San Francisco
and then just joined as a notion
before I went to live with my dad in Reno,
during that period of time, it was very rough.
I basically ate only because I had free lunch at school
and I had a few odd jobs that I did
where I made enough money to pay for occasional dinners
that I would get at Woolworth's.
When I would go down and get
the peanut butter and jelly for free, that was appreciated. Yeah. You know, I do want to take
this opportunity to dispel one of the many myths about why people join cults, because I think the
sort of conventional wisdom or stereotype is that they do it because they're hopeless and desperate,
and once they're brainwashed, there's nothing to be done. Often that is not the case. Those who join groups that end
up being cults are actually dreamers, optimists who have at least some resources to spare
to the cult, right? Meanwhile, you were about as vulnerable as a person could get a kid
who was severely down on his luck. And even so, you were able to resist Sinanon's influence.
So that just goes to show that even though we are all susceptible
to some kind of cultish influence, it's still always possible
to push back when you're in an environment like that and to think for yourself.
Yeah. But during that period, I didn't live there.
Oh, right. That was the best of both worlds, you know?
Yeah, I would go down for my peanut butter and jelly sandwiches and have some activities.
I did play the Sinan game, but even back then with other kids from around Oakland,
and these were mostly inner city kids from out Oakland, I was also quiet.
I was just taking advantage of the other facilities and food that Synanon had to offer.
Yeah. Put in a tow if you have to.
Yes.
Keep the rest out. Okay. So clearly Synanon was not all bad, especially in the beginning.
It had a lot to offer people and there were valuable things to glean there. It's just,
it went too far and not every group like this goes too far,
and you never really hear about those groups
because they don't make the news,
and they don't have this tragic Denim Wall,
no one goes to jail, it ends up being kind of okay.
When you were in Sinanon, it was not the worst of the worst.
It really got bad after you left.
And you were able to find a safe space for yourself
in Synanon.
Can you tell the listeners a little bit about that?
Well, I did not only find a safe space,
I found an opportunity in Synanon
that in a way changed my life.
And in fact, today as a professor at UCSB,
in a way, believe it or not, it had
an inception, an opportunity that I hadn't sinned on. So let me start off by saying this,
everybody in sin on, including kids, including teenagers had to have a job. And usually the
jobs were assigned to you and they weren't very appealing jobs, like literally cleaning, maintenance and things like that.
But early on, I remember there was a interesting thing
going on in one of the large open rooms in the Oakland Club
where I saw somebody peering through a microscope
and holding up a dish up into the light
and I was curious and I went over
and it turned out that Synanon had its own lab. It was really a medical lab where they did
bacteriology, cultures, sperm counts, and blood chemistries and so forth. And I
actually managed to talk my way into having a job in the Synanon lab. At the
age of 15, by the time I was 16, I was actually the Synanon lab at the age of 15. By the time I was 16,
I was actually the Synanon microbiologist in Oakland.
I had learned enough that there were some doctors
who lived in Synanon, they had their own little infirmary,
and they would send their throat cultures, stool cultures,
sperm counts, and so forth, and I would do that work,
and I loved it.
This was an amazing opportunity for me.
So it was very fortunate.
That planted the seed for your love of laboratory science.
It totally, yeah, it changed your life.
When I went off to college after I left Synon,
I ended up majoring in bacteriology,
ended up getting a PhD in microbiology,
and ultimately I've been a scientist ever since.
So the original experiment,
there is something to be said for this kind of vision
of an egalitarian society where it doesn't matter what your background is, you have the
opportunity to access food, friends, professional experience.
Like in theory, that could be a lovely thing. You know, like a cult like Sinanana has a kind of like free for all attitude and, you
know, ordinarily in a more on the books organization, a 15 year old would not be allowed to be the
official microbiologist.
But you know, it worked out for you.
You mentioned the phrase stool culture.
You have a hilarious story.
This is a major lore drop.
You have a really good poop story, okay?
Could you please regale the listeners with it?
Sure.
There were three other people who worked in the lab
and they mostly did the blood chemistries.
I was really doing the microbiology.
And there was this one woman named Francis
who was actually a very odd personality.
And one day she said she had indigestion and she had intestinal problems.
She asked if I would do a stool culture.
And I said, well, you really need to see the physicians and have them examine you.
And then they would request stool culture if it was called for.
But she said, please, please Craig, would you just do a stool culture and find out if,
for example, they were looking for things like Salmonella and Shigella and other types
of pernicious bacteria.
So I said, okay, go ahead.
Here's the cup, go in the bathroom.
You can give me the culture and I'll take care of it.
So a few minutes later, she comes out,
she gives me the culture and leaves,
and I look at this, this is in a plastic container
with a plastic lid, and I immediately see
that the lid is convex.
In other words, it's bulging out at the top.
I'm looking at it, and I could see
that there are a bunch of bubbles in it.
And I'm very nervous about this because although it had never happened to me before, I had
some concerns that it might explode if I opened it. So I very carefully, well, I got out a
Petri dish so I could plate it out and had my loop to plate out the bacteria from the stool culture ready.
And I very carefully opened up this container and it exploded. It exploded so much that
the shit literally hit the fan. Some of that brown stool hit a fan six feet above my head.
A ceiling fan. A ceiling fan that's turning around.
I had a white lab coat on, which was all over me,
all over my clothes that weren't protected by the lab coat.
The first thing I did after this
is I actually plated out the stool culture.
Oh, get the job done.
And then, you know, I took off all of my clothes.
I took off the lab coat.
I put on a clean lab coat.
I'm cleaning up.
And just after I finished up, there was a fellow named Joe Lazzarone who showed up.
Joe Lazzarone was my hero.
He did not live in Sinanon.
He was a donor.
And he ran and owned a lab in South San Francisco named after
him, Lazzarone Labs, and he was the one who taught me and other people in the lab what we knew.
He taught me how to be a microbiologist. So he came in and he saw me standing there with bare feet
with a lab coat on. He said, Craig, not in any kind of aggressive way, but what's going on here? And I explained
to him, I hadn't actually cleaned up all of the poop off the fan yet. You could see something
was amiss. And I explained to him, waiting for him to get upset. And the only thing he
said to me is, Craig, did you plate out the culture? And I said, it was the first thing I did, Joe.
He patted me on the back and said, well done, son.
You've got a great career in science.
Amazing.
And if anyone asks, that is where the phrase,
the shit hit the fan came from.
I'm starting that rumor right now.
That's right.
So, so good.
See, like these stories don't have to be
entirely doom and gloom.
And this is why I have such sort of mixed feelings about some of the ways that the folks
who joined the People's Temple, aka Jonestown, or Heaven's Gate, or the Children of God,
or any of those other like really notorious and indeed horrible and tragic cults, it's
not entirely fair to paint them as these sort of like googly-eyed brainwashed suckers.
They were people living a life. And like your Sinan stories were my first exposure to the idea
that groupthink was really powerful and could be dangerous, but also the idea that being a part of
a community like that can be really fun. Like anyone who has ever participated in a group dance ritual
or chant or anything like that can feel that
like there is something very real and very transcendent
and awe-inspiring about activities like that.
Yes, and it's so important.
We could get into some of the negative things
in a few minutes, but before doing that,
let me just mention some of the more positive things.
Yeah.
So, for example, every Saturday night, we would have a Saturday night party where people
from the outside, maybe future lifestylers could come in, donors, there were people donating
large amounts of money and resources to send on could come.
And these Saturday night parties, there was music, live music, and there
were so many fantastic musicians who had drug habits, who joined Sinanon, who were world-class
musicians. There were people, there was a guy named Art Pepper, Stan Kenton, who I think your
listeners probably haven't heard of these names, but back in the 60s, they were very, very famous jazz musicians,
and they would just be playing.
And many other equally great musicians would be playing in front of everyone at the Saturday night party,
and then we would have this dance called the hoopla.
And it was kind of a line dance where maybe about 50 people would get on the floor and you'd move back and forth
and clap and turn all in unison.
And yeah, it was a lot of fun.
Which is not to defend Sinanon or Chuck Diedrich
or the horrors that occurred there.
It's more to paint a nuanced portrait of the followers,
right, because like it's so easy to say like,
oh, I'm nothing like those people.
They made a giant mistake.
They're gullible.
They were desperate.
This group seemed to have a lot to offer
and it feels good to be a part of a community like that.
And on the positive side, it was absolutely obvious
that there were a lot of so-called
dope fiends who really became educated, self-educated people in Sinan and learned to feel good about
themselves.
Even the lifestyleers and also a lot of these so-called dope fiends were at times fascinating
to talk to, not really in the game, but outside the game.
And among the lifestylers, there were architects, physicians, musicians.
There were so many interesting people, and they joined for the right reasons.
You know, you talk about Jonestown and Jim Jones.
Jim Jones started in San Francisco, and the political leaders in San Francisco thought
very highly of him
for good reasons. He was doing a lot of anti-racist work. He was doing a lot of
great things before he went off the deep end in a big way. What people know now
about Jim Jones is the end that happened, but in fact he was also charismatic, a
great order. He was widely read. Extremely widely read and he was ahead of his times.
Again, which is not to defend him.
No.
It's to illuminate how you did not have to be
a brainwashed fool to trust him.
That's the point.
Yes.
And I have to tell you that it's horrible,
absolutely horrible as it was,
when those hundreds of people died in
Guyana that I couldn't understand how that happened.
Now, not everyone who died in Jonestown by any means did it voluntarily.
Oh, my understanding is that most of them did not.
Did not.
Most of them did not.
But a few of them did.
And for the few who did, I could see how that could happen.
Definitely.
And that is chilling. Now, this is just the first half of my dad's Sinanon story.
To hear more of my dad's personal stories and analysis,
please tune into our part two next week.
That's also when we'll reveal our culty verdict.
Hmm, I wonder which cult category does Cynadon fall into.
Please do stick around for that.
I swear the story only gets juicier from here.
And another reminder that if you are in or around
the Vancouver area on February 21st,
I would love if you would come to the big magical cult show
at 7 p.m. at the Biltmore Cabaret,
which I swear is going to be the cultiest night of your life
in the live your life-iest way.
So with that said, that is our show.
Thank you so much for listening.
Stick around for the Cult of Sinanon, part two next week.
And in the meantime, stay culty.
But not too culty. But not too culty.
Sounds Like a Cult is hosted and produced by Amanda Montell and edited by Jordan Moore of the PodCabin. Our theme music is by
Casey Cole. This episode was made with production help from
Breeze Oliver and Katie Epperson. Thank you as well to
our partner All Things Comedy. And if you like the show,
please feel free to check out my books,
Word Slut, A Feminist Guide to Taking Back the English Language,
Cultish, The Language of Fanaticism,
and The Forthcoming, The Age of Magical Overthinking,
Notes on Modern Irrationality.
If you're a fan of Sounds Like a Cult,
I would really appreciate it if you'd leave a rating
and review on Amazon or Apple Podcasts.
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