Stuff You Should Know - Geysers: Nature's Innuendo

Episode Date: July 10, 2012

The spectacular eruptions of steam and water we call geysers are only the tip of the proverbial iceberg, the result of thousands of years of specific natural conditions and physical processes. Learn the Stuff You Should Know about geysers in this episode. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Flooring contractors agree. When looking for the best to care for hardwood floors, use Bona Hardwood Floor Cleaner. The residue-free, fast drying solution is specially designed for hardwood floors, delivering the safe and effective clean you trust. Bona Hardwood Floor Cleaner is available at most retailers where floor cleaning products are sold and on Amazon. Also available for your other hard surface floors like Stone, Tile, Laminate, Vinyl, and LVT. For cleaning tips and exclusive offers, visit Bona.com slash Bona Clean. The War on Drugs is the excuse our government uses to get away with absolutely insane stuff. Stuff that'll piss you off. The cops, are they just like looting? Are they just like pillaging? They just have way better names for what they call,

like what we would call a jack move or being robbed. They call civil acid work. Be sure to listen to The War on Drugs on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. Brought to you by the reinvented 2012 Camry. It's ready, are you? Welcome to Stuff You Should Know from HowStuffWorks.com. Cabloom, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and this is Stuff You Should Know. Yeah, just a couple of regular guys are sitting around chatting. That was good. I know I genuinely didn't think you were going to say geysers.

Really? Yeah, a little slow today. This was a pretty cool article I thought. I knew a lot about geysers, but I did not know exactly what was going on there. In fact, I was wrong on a couple of key points. Oh, really? Yes, which I will not point out. Oh, come on. Well, I thought they spit out lemonade, first of all. Yeah, and I thought there was a little guy down there doing it. Oh, gotcha. Leprechauns? Yeah. Yeah, that's what everybody thinks. I was wrong on both of those points. Do we have a geyser myth sound effect? I don't think so. Does this count as weather? No. This is earth science. Biogeochemical processes. Okay, I just know you're trying to beam beef up our weather. This is not weather. It's not weather. Although it does begin with

weather. Yeah, I mean, sure. When something precipitates, that's weather. Sure. And precipitation precipitates the explosion of a geyser. That's right. Chuck. Yes. I have no geyser introduction, man. You can't blame me, though. Like, I looked. Yeah. And there is really not a lot going on on geysers. I thought you might tell the story about the people in 1903. I was going to, but I didn't want to just usurp it. Okay. Let's do that, though, since you brought it up. Because, I mean, I thought about that, too. I was like, whoa, hang back, Josh, hang back. Well, apparently geysers can kill you. And, you know, when you see something like Old Faith will go off, that's why you're 300 feet away watching it. Yeah. You know, you're not going to be on top of the thing. Right.

But apparently in 1903 in New Zealand, which is lousy with geysers, some tourists visiting there got caught in a jet at Waimengu Valley. Nice. That's good. And it killed all four people and carried them more than a mile away. Yes. That is sad. And after we explain how geysers work, I think that we should mention that again. Because once I understood how geysers worked, and I read that, I was like, those people met a terrible, terrible demise. Sure. Like, that was a terrible way to go. Yeah. I mean, it's tantamount to getting thrown into a volcano or caught in dropping into the cracks of an earthquake. And they're all kind of related as it turns out. Yeah. Or being bludgeoned to death. Which is not related. No,

but it's a pretty bad way to go to geothermal earth properties. So Chuck, geysers, as I learned from reading this article on howstuffworks.com, our beloved site, are actually kind of fragile. And there's not that many. This this article says there's 1000 geysers roughly in the world. And I read elsewhere that there's only about 50 geyser fields on the planet. And about two-thirds of those have five or fewer geysers. Wow. Which makes Yellowstone a pretty substantial repository of geyser and geyser related activity. Yeah, totally. Because when you're talking geyser, you don't ever just talk geyser. You're also talking fumaroles. You're talking hot springs, your mud pots, steam vents. And all of them are based around the same thing, which is there's

some sort of geothermal activity that's relatively close to the earth's surface. Right. Right? Yeah. And there's three components to a geyser. And they are water supply, plumbing system, and heat source. Yeah. And I'm going to argue a fourth later on. Okay. Later, though. I have to wait. I'm going to call it. We'll just go ahead and say what it is, which is remoteness. And then we'll circle back. Because detached from its family. It becomes very remote. So a water supply. Let's start there because if you ain't got water, you ain't got no geyser. Yeah. And I saw in this article that rivers can often form the water supply. I didn't see that elsewhere. For the most part, from what

I, from what I can gather is that the water supply is precipitation. Yeah. Rain and snowmelt percolating through the earth's crust over 500 or 1000 or so years. Yeah. And then it trickles down to the point where it comes in contact with, like we said, relatively shallow geothermal activity, usually very, very young volcano or volcanic activity, or very, very old, like in the Throws of Death volcanic activity. Oh, is that right? Yeah. And it can be anything from magma to cool magma, but it's very hot rock and it's close enough to the surface that this water doesn't evaporate. It starts to trickle back up. Yeah. And when you say close, three miles down, seems like a long way down. But if you're talking the planet earth, it's pretty close. Yeah. If

you're talking magma, it's pretty close. If you're talking tectonic plates, it's pretty close. It's closer than you want it to be, pal. Yeah. Go ahead. No, you go ahead. Okay. Number two, the plumbing system. Right. Very important. The plumbing system is a series of fissures that run miles beneath the surface. And one important aspect of these fissures is they're basically sealed shut with silica from rhyolite. It's volcanic rock. And like these minerals have sealed this rock shut. Right. So like it's really important part of it. That water that's percolating down. Yeah. And it heats up and starts to travel back up. It takes that silica, that rhyolite with it. Yeah. And then it just kind of acts as a sealant along these pipes. So over 500,000 years, however long it takes

for it to go back up, it's sealing it and it's making it watertight. Well, yeah. And I imagine, I didn't read this, but I imagine that this kind of activity happens elsewhere on the planet, but it's not sealed up. So it just disperses. Right. Right. Yeah. Because one of the key ingredients of a geyser is pressure, high pressure. That's right. And to get that pressure in these pipes, you have to have rhyolite coated sealed pipes. That's right. Okay. So there's the plumbing system. And it can, the plumbing system varies. All geysers are different. Sometimes it's just like a huge long vertical shaft. Sometimes it bends and turns and winds around. Okay. So this is, this is something that actually differentiates geysers from a hot spring. So a hot spring is

just like a long vertical shaft coming from hot water up to the top. But there's no obstruction. What makes a geyser a geyser is the fact that there's an obstruction in the plumbing, right? That's right. But a hot spring water can just move freely up and down. There's just free exchange. Yeah. And you soak around in it like a big lazy walrus. Yeah. But there's no pressure. With a geyser, there's some sort of obstruction where either say the water on its way back up enters this wide pool, that bottlenecks at the top. So now you have pressure. There's a bunch of different pipes feeding into one pipe and they all connect to the same place, another bottleneck. Or this, this pipe of water is so wide and so deep. Yeah. That the pressure from the water

above the water at the bottom is so tremendous that for all intents and purposes, it creates a bottleneck just strictly out of pressure without an actual obstruction. Yeah. Just the weight of the water itself is so great. So we have a water supply and a plumbing system that is sealed with rhyolite, which makes it watertight and pressurized. And then some sort of means for pressure to build. Yeah. And I guess we can go ahead and liken it to a pressure cooker now. So you understand what we're talking about. If you've ever cooked with a pressure cooker at home, or if you've ever eaten at Chick-fil-A and eaten their delicious pressure fried chicken. Is that how they do it? Yeah. Oh, yeah. The fries are pressure fried. God, so good. That's why

they're so juicy. Man. So water is, standard water is just going to boil at like 100 degrees Celsius. Standard water. Not that fancy French water. If you're, if you're cooking with a pressure cooker, which means, you know, the lid is sealed shut. It lets out some steam or else it would explode, obviously. It will actually take a lot more energy to boil and bubble up, which means more heat. And so you can actually cook in a pressure cooker at like 125 degrees. Right. Because. Which is substantial. For under that pressure, it takes a lot more for what it was boiling water, but it's like air bubbles forming and rising to the top. Yeah. When the pressure is too great, it can't boil. So the boiling point rises, right? Well, it boils, but it won't,

it can't evaporate. Well, no, it can't, it can't form the bubbles that carry to the top. Right. So it can't actually boil. So it's just sitting there in this high pressure environment at high, higher than boiling point temperatures. And the same thing's going on in a geyser, right? That's right. You've got the obstruction, you've got this heated water, and you have a tremendous amount of pressure. Because again, we're talking about miles deep. And there's, that's quite a bit of pressure at the bottom, the water at the bottom. It's getting hotter and hotter and hotter. Oh, the portion a lot of time. Yeah. Like, I mean, I guess it depends, but for a geyser to form and start, they think the oldest one is between 5,000 and 40,000 years old. Oh, really?

So yeah. So it takes a little while because, you know, the plumbing has to seal up and everything. But as that pressure builds, and that heat increases, you can reach temperatures of like four or 500 degrees Fahrenheit of this water, and it's still not boiling. Right? That's right. And then eventually it does boil. It overcomes that pressure threshold. Well, it finds its way through to the escape route, which is the top of the surface. And it'll just, and that's not the eruption. It'll just squirt a little bit of water out and think, wow, that was a big relief. And such a big relief that the steam all of a sudden expands to 1500 times the volume of the water. It's like if you're ever boiling, you ever steam vegetables in your house? The best way to

steam vegetables is you don't just set it on a massive boil and cover it up. You get it to that massive boil, and then you turn that heat down low. And all of a sudden that pressure drop creates like massive amounts of steam. Right. And the reason why is because when you increase pressure, you increase the temperature that's the boiling point of water. If suddenly you have that temperature still, but the pressure decreases, that that water in this geyser just flash vaporizes. And because there's a lot more volume to an equal amount of water and steam, that steam, like you said, expands to what? 1500 times the volume? Yeah. And there's your geyser, pal. Yeah. It's all of a sudden all the steam in the water just gets shot

out depending on what kind of geyser it is. It's going to take different formations and be different heights and last different amounts of time. Right. But it'll keep going until it either runs out of water or it cools down enough for it to start all over again. Yeah. And then it just starts all over again, which is how you get something like old faithful. Right. That's right. Once it releases that pressure and it shoots out, the whole process just begins again. And you have geysers like old faithful that erupt on a pretty regular schedule. I think it's between like 60 and 85 minutes or something like that. Well, I've got the new schedule. Because it's been happening with greater, with less frequency and greater power in recent years.

I think it's said since 2000. Okay. And it's bimodal. They call it bimodal. And if you're going to old faithful in Wyoming, there are generally two eruption durations now, either a long one, which is over four minutes, or a short one, which is about two and a half minutes. And if you have just missed the short one, there'll be about an hour before your next eruption. Okay. If you have just missed the long one, then there's going to be about an hour and a half until the next one. But either way, it's worth sticking around for. Yeah. And it's funny if you go to the page. And there's obviously a webcam up where you can see it and stuff, but that's not as fun. But if you go to the web page and they ask for tips on, you know, seeing it and say, well,

if there's a lot of people sitting around on the benches, that means there's one upcoming. If there's a bunch of people getting up and leaving, that means it just happened. It's like, wow, really? Yeah. That's the best you can do. That sounds like, um, like hippie park ranger logic. Exactly. The war on drugs impacts everyone, whether or not you take drugs. America's public enemy number one is drug abuse. This podcast is going to show you the truth behind the war on drugs. They told me that I would be charged for conspiracy to distribute 2200 pounds of marijuana. Yeah. And they can do that without any drugs on the table. Without any drugs. Of course, yes, they can do that. And I'm the prime example of that.

The war on drugs is the excuse our government uses to get away with absolutely insane stuff. Stuff that'll piss you off. The property is guilty. Exactly. And it starts as guilty. It starts as guilty. The cops, are they just like looting? Are they just like pillaging? They just have way better names for what they call like what we would call a jack move or being robbed. They call civil acid. Yeah. Be sure to listen to the war on drugs on the I heart radio app, apple podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. Where are you in 92? Were you bouncing your butt to Sir mix a lot? Wondering if you like Billy Ray Cyrus can pull off a mullet. Yes. 1992 was a crazier for music

and a crazy time to be alive. And now I heart has a podcast all about it. I'm Jason Launfier. And on my new show, where were you in 92? We take a ride through the major hits, one hit wonders and irresistible scandals that shape what might be the wildest, most controversial 12 months and music and pop culture history. They were angry at me. They thought I was uncontrollable and wild. I wanted to burst open. The president came after me. Everybody's time Warner with madness. Imagine trying to put a record like that out right now. We canceled before it made it to the post office. Featuring interviews and special guests like Sir mix a lot, ice tea, Tori Amos and Vanessa Williams. This podcast poses the question. What was it about

1992 that made it so groundbreaking and so absolutely fabulous. So buckle up and tune into where are you in 92 new episodes drop every Wednesday. Listen and follow on the I heart radio app, Apple podcast, wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Um, okay. So, uh, well, I guess we're on to like famous geysers, right? Yeah, actually quickly, I mentioned a tease to about the fourth thing being remoteness. Apparently in the last 50 years, uh, producing energy with geothermal energy production has increased so much that it's affecting geysers. And so being remote is now believed to be one of the requirements to be a geyser because geysers are vanishing because of man because so I was trying to figure out this out. Maybe you can

help me. That's because we dig down to these, this, this, um, these geysers or this geothermal activity and in doing so, are we creating like a release valve so the pressure can't build as much? I think so. I mean, using it to spin turbines to create energy, but I know you can also have like a geothermal system in your backyard, right? Uh, which I don't think uses, I don't think it like creates steam. So I feel like what we're doing then is creating artificial geysers, like creating an artificial pipe to let steam out, which would impact any natural guys. Yeah, activity. I might be what's going on because like we said, they're very fragile. Earthquakes frequently, um, cut them off. Right. They also bring them back to life too. Yeah, that's true.

Like, uh, there was one called the stroker geyser. That would be S-T-R-O-K-K-U-R. Yeah, and that's stroker like stroker race. Right, right. So stroker geyser, um, is after the Icelandic, well, stroker is after the Icelandic verb to churn and actually geysers after the Icelandic verb, um, to gush. Yeah. So this is all very Icelandic in origin. But that would be G-E-Y-S-I-R. Yes. Geyser. Okay. That's how I pronounce it. In Icelandic? Sure. I wonder how Bjork pronounces geyser. Have you seen Kristen Wiig's impression of her? No, it's really great. Um, okay. So the stroker geyser was actually, um, it was enacted in 1789, um, because of an earthquake and then another earthquake hit in 1896 and it became inactive. It went dormant and the local

said, we gotta get our geyser back, man. It's all blocked up. So they cleared it off and now it's running again. I bet that was probably dangerous work. Very dangerous work. Yeah. Um, another way too that humans are impacting is, um, mineral extraction. Apparently in 2003, uh, they were extracting minerals in, uh, Chile, the second largest geyser field, um, in South America. And it killed it basically from extracting gold and stuff. Geez. Yeah. Because basically they mess with the plumbing and then you're finished. Because it's like you said, like, um, in a pressure cooker it has that little steam valve so it doesn't explode. Right. Geysers aren't supposed to have that. Right. If they have that, they just don't go off. They're like, well, fine, I'll just let

some steam off. Let's put some steam off. And, um, that does happen naturally. There are steam vents located near geysers. Oh, really? Um, like Yellowstone's like, we have 10,000, um, geothermal, um, what is the word they use? Uh, basically different things. We have 10,000 geothermal different things. Right. Um, but, uh, the vast majority of those are like steam vents. Oh, they're manmade? No, they're, they're natural, like, oh, they're like little steam releases that, that come up through fishers. Oh, okay. In the earth. I thought you meant we put those in to make old faithful like sappers? No, they happen naturally. Oh, that's good. Um, but I think it's the same thing as drilling a hole down to a geothermal, um, different thing and, uh, and tapping

it to run a turbine. Ah, okay. Gotcha. At least you didn't say interesting. Interesting. This stuff is very interesting. Um, old faithful is a cone geyser. I'm not sure I understand the difference. Is it the, is it the, is it the outlet, like the shape of the thing above the earth? Yes. So with a cone geyser, the rhyolite bubbles up enough over time that it builds up and it forms a little cone and that's what the geyser shoots out of. And normally with a cone geyser, you have a big stream going, a jet going into the air, hundreds of feet. That one in, um, in, uh, New Zealand, the Waimangu geyser, um, that one streamed 1475 feet into the air. And for those of you in New Zealand, that's 450 meters. That's a world record, right? Yeah. 1902. Yeah. 1902. Yeah. A year before

it killed people. Right. And then it went dormant in 1904 because of a landslide, which makes me think like this thing's coming back. It's just got a bubble back up. Kill people and then shut down right afterward. Yeah. Yeah. It's really had a really chaotic two-year career. It's like a rock star that overdosed on heroin or something. Um, but anyway, as I was saying, um, the, the cone shoots a jet into the air. The fountain, um, it shoots in a much more like chaotic stream, whatever, but it doesn't come up from a cone. It comes up from a pool. Okay. So at the surface, the geyser goes into a pool of water and then that it will erupt out of the water. And that would be the grand geyser. Um, the tall, that's the tallest regularly erupting geyser on the planet.

And that is also in Yellowstone. Yeah. Tallest in that it shoots up in the air. Yeah. 200 feet in crazy, fountany, hard to predict fashion. Yeah. Which is pretty surprising too, because a cone geyser shoots a jet straight up in the air and this fountain geyser is still beating the average one. Yeah. Could you imagine if it was a cone geyser? It'd be mind blowing. To the moon. Yeah. Uh, you mentioned the stroker ace geyser of the steamboat geyser. I like this guy. Yeah. It apparently can shoot water up to 300 feet, but don't bother stopping by because it hasn't happened for 50 years or it can go 50 years. Yeah. It's finicky. Yeah. Um, there's also the geyser, which is the OG geyser, uh, because that's where the word came from. It's a geyser in

Iceland. It was discovered in, um, 1294. So it's the oldest known guys around the planet, but they took some samples of the silica that forms the cone of the castle geyser in Yellowstone. That's the one they think is 5,000 to 40,000 years old. Apparently silica dating can use some work. I did see one interesting little, and it wasn't a joke. It was almost like you could hear science guys laughing about it though. You geysers are always called geysers, even if they quit erupting. Oh, gotcha. But that ceased to make, it ceased to be a geyser at that point. But once you have erupted, you're always called a geyser. The cone formerly known as geyser. Yeah. That's what I would call it. Hmm. Shameful. Uh, do you know that whole story about Prince

doing that? About changing his name? Yeah. No, I never knew the story behind it. So he was locked in a contract with Sony that he didn't like, and Sony basically said, You can't release an album as Prince? Yes. And, but also that had something to do with him acting basically crazy. Like he acted crazy on purpose to get out of his contract because there was some sort of clause where like if he was, if he went nuts or whatever, it would void his contract. So he did that and he had that font released. And I remember he released it to the media, like, um, his little symbol. Yes. Yeah. As, as like a font add-on. So you could just print the symbol when you were writing about him. Oh, really? And his contract with Sony was either voided or they gave it up or whatever. But he was

basically like, I'll show you crazy. If I need to get out of this contract. Boy, one of the best concerts I've ever seen. Oh yeah, I'll bet. And I don't even think I put it my top five when we had that listener mail at time, but I probably forgot. It's probably in my top five. I would like to see Prince sometime. He brings it. He, um, he bought you me a bottle of water at, um, a Miles Davis show at the Cotton Club. Really? Wow. Her friends came up to see the Lemonheads and she's like, yeah, I'll go with you and then found out that Miles Davis was playing. It's like, I'm going to go over here. That's such a great, great move. A bottle of water. Evan Dando, Miles Davis. Exactly. Let me think about that. Sorry, Ed. Um, so that's, uh, that's Prince. Oh yeah. And Geysers. Oh yeah,

Geysers too. Um, if you want to learn more about Geysers, you can type that word G E Y S E R S. That's the English spelling. Uh, we didn't do it Icelandically. Um, but you type that in the search bar at housestuffworks.com and it will bring up this fine fine article. And I said search bar at housestuffworks.com, which means it's time for plug fest. The war on drugs impacts everyone. Whether or not you take America's public enemy. Number one is drug abuse. This podcast is going to show you the truth behind the war on drugs. They told me that I would be charged for conspiracy to distribute a 2,200 pounds of marijuana. Yeah. And they can do that without any drugs on the table. Without any drugs. Of course, yes, they can do that. And I'm the prime example of

that. The war on drugs is the excuse our government uses to get away with absolutely insane stuff. Stuff that'll piss you off. The property is guilty. Exactly. And it starts as guilty. It starts as guilty. The cops. Are they just like looting? Are they just like pillaging? They just have way better names for what they call like what we would call a jack move or being robbed. They call civil acid for it. Be sure to listen to the war on drugs on the I heart radio app, Apple podcast or wherever you get your podcast. Where are you in 92? Were you bouncing your butt to Sir mix a lot wondering if you like Billy Ray Cyrus can pull off a mullet. Yes. 1992 was a crazier for music and a crazy time to be alive. And now I heart has a podcast all about it. I'm Jason

Longfier. And on my new show, where were you in 92? We take a ride through the major hits, one hit wonders and irresistible scandals that shape what might be the wildest, most controversial 12 months and music and pop culture history. They were angry at me. They thought I was uncontrollable and wild. I wanted to burst open. The president came after me. Everybody's time Warner with madness. Imagine trying to put a record like that out right now. We canceled before it made it to the post office. Featuring interviews and special guests like Sir mix a lot, ice tea, Tori Amos and Vanessa Williams. This podcast poses the question. What was it about 1992 that made it so groundbreaking and so absolutely fabulous. So buckle up and tune

into where you 92 new episodes drop. Everyone's day. Listen and follow on the I heart radio app, Apple podcast, wherever you listen to your favorite shows. It's time for listener mail. Hi, Josh. I'm going to call this given a local Brooklyn. I ate a plug for his election, but that's not how it started. Oh, okay. That was kind of a complicated title. Guys who just listened to your podcast, how labor unions work. And I want to thank you for trying to give a very balanced story to what is a very complicated and contentious subject. As a former New York City union organizer. So this guy was the real deal. I'm very familiar with the arguments against unions, but I truly believe American workers in the American economy

are better off with unions and without when unions are strong, typical union organizing. When unions are strong, there is some counterpoint to this total acceptance of rampant greed that was essentially the cause of the financial meltdown in 2008. At this point with unions at their weakest in a half century, we average Americans are being held hostage by corporations. That's what he says. Right. I have to say in my line of work, violence was not the norm, but intimidation by the employer was constant. They did everything from threatening workers with being fired, lying to them and telling them they did not have collective bargaining rights to telling them the union would only steal their dues and not

get them a good contract. That is a deceptive HR person right there. Yeah. Or they would tell workers, um, they would work out individual deals with them if they would vote against the union. Like trying to, yeah, that's pretty, pretty hairy. Uh, even once when we were organizing at a Catholic hospital, they told the workers they were going against God if they tried to organize. Yeah. Can you see like those priests like union breaking, cracking heads with metal batons? The only problem I had with your podcast was the lack of coverage you gave to the triangle shirt waste buyer. We mentioned that. He said it could have been none more. He said it could deserve its own podcast. Well, that's true. We mentioned it. He said it was, uh, one of the

deadliest industrial accidents in the United States history. Uh, last year hundreds of people came out to commemorate the 100 year anniversary of the lives, uh, lost due to locked stairwells and exits. Uh, that fire was a major turning point in labor conditions in New York city and around the world as well as bringing light to women's, uh, terrible working conditions. And I wrote him back and it turns out, uh, a day, E-D-E is his name. Fox is running for Brooklyn city council. Crazy. I said, you know what, dude, we'll plug your campaign. Uh, www.edfox.com, www.edfox.com, and good luck in your bid for city council in Brooklyn. Yeah. If you wear, um, sunglasses with neon arms on them and you're into like your pro union, I would say good luck for

this guy. I think we can help garner you a little bit of the hipster vote. Maybe. Uh, since we are both aging hipsters. I am not a hipster. You are now. Dude, I am not a hipster. And I may be aging, but I'm not a hipster. Well, you look a lot more like a hipster than you used to. Well, if you, uh, I guess if you have a political campaign you're running, um, we want to hear about it. We heard from another guy, um, in, uh, was it in Maryland, a state legislator. He's a, he's a legislator for Maryland who was writing about human trafficking. That's right. Shout out to that guy as well. Yeah. Um, but if you are a politician that listens to stuff you should know, we want to hear your viewpoints. Let us know what you got to say, how we're helping you, how we can help more, that

kind of thing. You know, um, you can tweet to us. Just please don't send us a picture of your junk like other politicians. Um, to syskpodcast. You can join us on facebook.com slash stuff you should know. And you can send us an email to stuffpodcast at discovery.com brought to you by the reinvented 2012 Camry. It's ready for you. The war on drugs is the excuse our government uses to get away with absolutely insane stuff. Stuff that'll piss you off. The cops, are they just like looting? Are they just like pillaging? They just have way better names for what they call like what we would call a jack move or being robbed. They call civil acid. Be sure to listen to the war on drugs on the iHeart radio app, apple podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Hey witches, I'm Ilaria Baldwin and I'm Michelle Campbell Mason. And together we host the new iHeart radio podcast, which is anonymous. So bring your brooms and join us as we tackle why women are pinned against each other and what we can do to stop this vicious cycle. Consider this your invitation to which is anonymous because which please we're in this together. Listen to which is anonymous on the iHeart radio app, apple podcast, or wherever you listen to podcasts.