Stuff You Should Know - How Earth-Like Planets Work

Episode Date: August 4, 2015

Since the Kepler telescope went online, astronomers have found there may be an estimate 40 billion planets like Earth in the Milky Way galaxy alone. What does it take for a planet to be considered Earth-like? Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hey friends when you're staying at an Airbnb you might be like me wondering could my place be an Airbnb and if it could what could it earn? So I was pretty surprised to hear about Lisa in Manitoba who got the idea to Airbnb the backyard guest house over childhood home now The extra income helps pay her mortgage. So yeah, you might not realize it But you might have an Airbnb to find out what your place could be earning at air bnb.ca host I'm Munga Chauticular and it turns out astrology is way more widespread than any of us want to believe You can find in Major League Baseball, International Banks, K-pop groups, even the White House But just when I thought I had a handle on this subject something completely unbelievable happened to me and my whole view on astrology changed

Whether you're a skeptic or a believer give me a few minutes because I think your ideas are about to change too Listen to Skyline Drive on the iHeart Radio App, Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts Welcome to Stuff You Should Know from HowStuffWorks.com Hey and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant. There's Jerry and this is Stuff You Should Know Just a few geezers What? Not Galizas That was terrible as what it was. I read an article the other day on my people find puns so offensive. It's very interesting Oh, yeah, I know. I bet it is. Send it my way, will you? Sure. Thanks. You're welcome

Chuck. Yes. Have you ever heard of an exoplanet? Yes. You have. Well, that's all I got. I'm down with Kepler. Kepler's pretty awesome, isn't it? Kepler's way awesome. Let's talk about Kepler. What is it? Well, Kepler is a, I guess would you call it a program? Sure. The Kepler project program? It's a mission. Yes. It's all a mission. And since 2009, they have, their task has been to survey the sky. In fact, a small patch of sky right now. And it's an outer space telescope. Yeah, sure. It's dressed in like... It's fine on people in the city park. No, no. They shot it out in the space. It's dressed in like a silver jumpsuit. So you can tell it's a space telescope and not just like a regular one. Yeah. And it has a little 12 degree field of vision. And what it's doing is just looking out into the cosmos in the Milky Way still. Yeah, specifically near the constellations Cygnus and Lyra.

For now. For now. You gotta start somewhere. Right. You only have 12 degrees, you know. It's not the big ear. It's like a journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step. Basically what they're trying to do is see... I think the ultimate goal is just to see what's out there. But what they really secretly get giddy about and titter about late at night is finding exoplanets that are like our own Earth. No, I think the whole thing was a straight up planet hunting mission. Well, yeah, but like I said, they're not just like, we want to find another Earth. They're like, we want to see what's out there because we don't know what's out there. Yes. And they get really excited when it's not a big giant ball of gas. So the Kepler mission actually, the first Kepler mission ended this past May because the Kepler telescope I think ran out of battery power or something like that to turn itself.

But they started or they're ramping up the K2 mission, which is actually, this is so amazing to me. I love this stuff. They're going to use photons, light from the sun to move it. Pretty amazing. Photons are going to move this thing. It's called solar power. To direct it and look in different directions. It is very much so. Amazing. So the whole point is to find planets. But really, like you say, what they're looking for are planets that fall within what's called the Goldilocks zone or the Habitable Zone.

And there's a couple of different types of zones. Yeah. If we're talking the Goldilocks zone, what we mean is a planet where there is water that doesn't evaporate immediately or freeze. Well, yeah, that's one way to put it. You know, flowing water would be great. So CO2, that'd be awesome. So the whole Earth-like planets. Right. Earth-like is what it comes down to. Able to sustain life. Right. And the whole thing, I read this really interesting article, Chuck.

And it was, I think it was an Aeon magazine, which is one of the greatest online magazines ever created. Sure. So interesting. Everything's so well-written. It's just great. Yeah. Aeon magazine. Aeon magazine. Anyway, the person writing this article said, what if our conception of life is really limited? And when we think of life, we think of like genetic molecules capable of self-replicating.

Yeah. Right? Like us, like life, like anything that can make new copies of itself. Yeah. Cellular reproduction. Right. So what if life has evolved in many, many other ways? Yeah. Not just out in outer space, but here on this planet. Like we could be surrounded by life and not even be aware of it because we're not thinking of it that way.

We're strictly looking for evidence of DNA-based life. Yeah. What if life evolved in other ways and we're surrounded by it? That's pretty neat. That's one of those late night college conversations, if you know what I mean. It really is. You know. With Kepler 2, it's looking for planets that could sustain a certain brand of life, which

is the life that we know. Yeah. And the whole thing is predicated on the idea that you need water and liquid form to be the foundation, the sustaining foundation of life. Gotta have it. And so that's what this habitable zone is. It's a planet that is far enough away from the sun that its surface water is not going to boil away and turn into, and just go into the atmosphere.

Go far away from its star. Right. Not necessarily the sun. Right. Its star is what I mean. Yeah, yeah. Its version of our sun. Yes, yes.

I just want to clear that up. But it's not so far away that it's not getting enough heat so that it just freezes. So it's within what's called the Circumstellar Habitable Zone, or it's in this little distance. Like we are in our sun, our star's habitable zone, it's Circumstellar Habitable Zone. That's right. And so it's looking for planets that are surrounding stars in that little band that's not so close that it's too hot and not so far away that it's too cold. Yep.

It's just right. I love it. It's called the Goldilocks Zone. Yeah. That's the name for it. So there are, they have, the Kepler mission has returned a lot of startling information like thousands, perhaps tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of planets may be out there.

In fact, probably are out there. I think it's 40 billion in the Milky Way alone is what the current estimates are. Unbelievable. In the Milky Way alone, 40 billion earth-sized planets, not just all planets, 40 billion potentially earth-sized planets in the Milky Way alone. Yeah. So like I was saying, giant balls of gas are fun. Gas giants like Saturn and Jupiter, they're Nido, torpedo, but as far as science really

getting their rocks off, these earth-sized planets are the ones that, that's where the money is, you know? Right. And when I say money, I don't mean cash money, although if we colonize them, I guess it could be cash money. Sure. But the smaller planets, what they call terrestrial planets, earth-like planets are, and terrestrial planets would be a great band name, by the way, because they are, they have heavy metal

cores and rocky mantle and they have smaller orbits, shorter years, they're close to the host star, all these things that are earth-like, which could mean potentially, you know, something there. Okay. So... Something living. You've got the Circumstellar habitable zone, which is not too close to the sun or not too close to the star or not too far away from the star.

But there's also a larger habitable zone that that kind of, if you have that one, great. But there's some other qualifications that a planet has to hit to be considered habitable and these are galactic habitable zones, right? All right. So part of that is that it has to have a heavy metal core, like you say. It's got to be terrestrial. It also has to, it can't be tidally locked, right? We found actually some planets out there that fit the bill, except they are tidally locked

with their star, which means only one side and the same side is always facing the sun, which means that that is a very, very hot body of water right there that's facing the sun. The backside, the dark side, it's just completely frozen. And since it's not turning, the atmosphere is not being kept around the planet. It is able to like migrate to like say the dark side of the planet and just freeze there. That's a great example of how you can have all these other things. That planet might be in the habitable zone for its star, but it falls out of the category

of a truly habitable planet because it's missing some other factors, for example, not being tidally locked. So that would be the case with Gliese 581G, right? I think so, yes. Okay. So that was discovered in 2010 and there's been a lot of back and forth between a lot of different countries and scientists saying, is it really there? Is it not there?

I think where it lands now is they are pretty sure it's there. But with Gliese 581G, it faces the star at all times. One side of it does. So it's tidally locked. Tidally locked, although it does orbit once every 37 days, it keeps that face. So basically what they think is if there could be life there, you have what they would call an eyeball earth with one part of this planet having, being liquid water. Right and the rest frozen.

So like an eyeball in the middle. Yeah. Yeah. Kind of neat. I think what keeps Gliese 581G in the news is the fact that it's only 20.5 light years away. Yeah. And we'll talk about some more of these, but a lot of them are like over a thousand light

years away. So let's take a break real quick and we'll get back to exoplanets right after this. Hey, everybody, when you're staying at an Airbnb, you might be like me wondering, could my place be an Airbnb? And if it could, what could it earn? So I was pretty surprised to hear about Lauren and Nova Scotia who realized she could Airbnb her cozy backyard treehouse and the extra income helps cover her bills and pays for her travel. So yeah, you might not realize it, but you might have an Airbnb to find out what your

place could be earning at airbnb.ca.host. I'm Mangesh Atikular and to be honest, I don't believe in astrology, but from the moment I was born, it's been a part of my life. In India, it's like smoking. You might not smoke, but you're going to get secondhand astrology. And lately, I've been wondering if the universe has been trying to tell me to stop running and pay attention because maybe there is magic in the stars if you're willing to look for it.

So we put it up some friends and we dove in and let me tell you, it got weird fast. Tantric curses, Major League Baseball teams, canceled marriages, K-pop. But just when I thought I had to handle on this sweet and curious show about astrology, my whole world came crashing down. Situation doesn't look good. There is risk to father. And my whole view on astrology, it changed. Whether you're a skeptic or a believer, I think your ideas are going to change too.

Listen to Skyline Drive and the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. So Chuck, you touched on something I think is very important before we go any further. People say, well, yeah, it exists, or no, it doesn't exist, and there's a lot of back and forth in the scientific community. And the reason is, as high-powered and awesome as the Kepler telescope is, it doesn't look at a star and say, oh, look at that planet. That's a fine-looking planet right there.

It looks like, oh, yeah, I can see water on there. Look at that waterfall. Yeah, it's beautiful. It's like a giant pterodactyl with a monkey head. Yes it is. But you can't see these kind of things, right? Yeah. So there's different techniques that are used for hunting planets, exoplanets, that use

deduction in a lot of ways. Yeah, in concert with these telescopes. Right, to surmise the existence of planets. So there's three main techniques that even these telescopes use. The Kepler telescope uses a photometer which senses light, right? Yeah. And it'll look at a star, and it'll just keep looking at the star, looking at the star. It's got a really good, something weird just happened with the star, it got dim, and it

went back to normal light. And what just happened was probably a planet orbited in between the telescope and the star, which dimmed the light of the star. That's right. So it's called the transit, and that technique is called the transit method. And so they, like you said, they use that photometer, and if they see that dim, that's a lead in the right direction. Yeah, and now...

Doesn't prove anything. No, so that planet becomes a candidate planet. So they go back and they look at it, and if they say use a different technique, or if they come up with the same data using that same technique again and again, then most likely that planet does exist, and it becomes a bill, it becomes a law, it becomes a confirmed planet. So it goes from a candidate planet to a confirmed planet. And there's a lot of criticism in the scientific community because when a candidate planet

is found, it is far from being proven as existing. But it's very frequently rushed out to the media, which treats it like a new planet's been discovered, and we know all about it, when we really don't even know for a fact that it exists, and very infrequently, the science behind having to deduce its existence is explained in the articles that are written about them, so it just gets rushed to press a little too prematurely. You've got to keep that public interest up, you know? Yeah, but it wouldn't hurt to also educate the public at the same time, too.

So a lot of people say, oh, well, we just discovered a new planet when it's still a candidate planet, and we don't necessarily know it exists since a good point. So the transit method is the one where the light pulses, the star pulses. Well, it dims because the planet comes in between the telescope and the star. Then you have the wobble method, which is pretty neat in itself. It looks for changes in relative velocity caused by the gravitational pull of another nearby planet. So basically what happens is they use a spectrum of light for this one, and they analyze that

spectrum around what they think could be a planet. Planet it? Planet it can? A candidate planet. Nice. A planet it. That's great, Chuck. Thank you.

So what happens is if it is being pulled by another planet when it surges toward Earth and then away, it causes variations in that light spectrum. So when it comes toward Earth, it shortens a wavelength, and you see a blue spectrum more, when it goes away from Earth, it lengthens, and you see red more. So it's almost like a color pulse, and that is the wobble method. So that's number two. And that's the Doppler effect. Is it?

Yeah. But with light? Yes. Instead of sound. Right. But the Doppler effect is only sound. No. Is there any kind of wavelength?

Oh, I thought the Doppler effect was strictly sound. No. It's any kind of wavelength. Boy, man, do you and the Doppler effect. I'm telling you. It's the thing that links bats to Earth-like planets, the Doppler effect. To a passing ambulance. Right.

Yes. Man, I'm so psyched about the Doppler effect. And you want to go ahead and hit us up with that last one, microlensing. That's pretty neat too. Yeah. So when you have a star and another star passes, if you're looking at a star with, say, like the Kepler telescope, which the Kepler telescope strictly uses the transit method from what I understand.

Oh, really? Yes. But. Close-minded. Let's say you have another telescope that is more open-minded. Yeah. Yeah. And you're looking at a star and another star comes in between you and the star you're

looking at. That star that's in the foreground, that's in between you and the original star, actually takes the light and acts as a kind of a magnifying lens. So cool. And intensifies the light of the star behind it, thanks to its gravity. This is called microlensing, right? Yes. So if a planet falls into that, that's an orbit around that other star, falls in line

with this, it takes that microlensing effect and amplifies it even further. And then you can calculate, based on the amplification of the microlensing effect, the mass of all of the stars and this new mystery planet that just came into line with this orbit. And they use that mind-blowingly enough to deduce the presence of planets around stars too. Amazing. So you've got these three methods. Yeah.

And all of them, though, again, it's really important to remember this. All of these use deduction. Like none of these planets have been visually observed. They are all deduced to exist based on the mathematical evidence that there's something going on here, like that this light is dimming, this color is changing, or the light is being amplified by something, and it all has to do with mass and gravity. It's pretty amazing. Yeah.

All right. So we'll take a little break here and come back and talk about some of these exoplanets. And if there are people living there, there aren't. So Chuck, remember we mentioned the transit method? Yeah. You can also use these things to deduce even more stuff about these planets once you confirm they exist. Sure.

Like personality. Right. It's sign. That kind of thing. Yeah. There's something called transit spectroscopy. Yes. Which uses apparently the atmosphere of a planet, leaves a certain kind of mark on the light

that it messes with in the star that you're looking at. So not only are you deducing that a planet's there, you're deducing by the effect that planet has on the light, the type of atmosphere it has as well. So, pretty amazing. Right. So once they figure out that yes, a planet is likely there, they go back and look at it, and the planet goes from a candidate to a confirmed planet, and Kepler came up with 1,030 confirmed exoplanets, 12 of which are in a Goldilocks zone.

Yes. Right? So they really start going to town studying this planet and figuring out what its atmosphere is like, where it is in relation to the star, what the temperature is, and they can tell some pretty amazing stuff about an exoplanet just from all of these deductions. Yeah. Like, I guess let's just talk about a couple of these. The Gleza, I guess it's a group because there are several Gleases.

There's a Gleza. So each one of these exoplanets is named after the star that it orbits. Yeah. So the Gleza, Gleza is a star. Yeah, and it has several potential habitable planets around it. Right. We already talked a little bit about 581G, but there's also 581C. It is 12,000 miles in diameter, which is not too much bigger than Earth, and makes one

complete revolution in 13 Earth days, which means it's too hot, but it bounces that out because it has a surface temperature 150th of that of our sun, which means potentially, and again, this is all speculation, potentially the temperature range on the surface of 581C could be 32 degrees to 102 degrees Fahrenheit, which is in the wheelhouse. It is in the wheelhouse. I think further study has kind of discarded the idea that Gleza 581C is habitable. Already out. Yeah.

Yeah. It is pretty quick. Right. As far as breaking news goes. But you raise a really good point that if this thing has a revolution, a year that's 13 days long, there's no part of the planet that's going to get cool enough to even things out. It's going to just stay too hot.

Yeah. Conversely, if the thing has a year that lasts too long, it's not going to get hot enough. It's going to stay cool. Yeah. So that's another galactic habitable zone factor. Well. I love them, man.

Keep them coming. I know. I basically went and looked today. I was like, what are the most likely habitable exoplanets? Yeah. An article from a year ago has a top five that's different from an article now. That's how quickly things change. Right.

So things were all just basically theoretical. Oh, yeah. Like we assumed that a star would have planets orbiting it, but it wasn't until the Kepler mission within the last like 10 years or so. I think it was 1992 from the Arecibo telescope was the first confirmed exoplanet to be detected. And that was like 1992. But once Kepler started going, they started to come like hard and fast. And once they started and people started rushing to press, then science is having to retract

them now and things are going from, yeah, there's a new exoplanet that we should just travel to now if we wanted to, to this thing actually doesn't exist or it's not really habitable. Right. I looked. The most recent one I found was from like three months ago in May of this year. And they say, I believe this was from space.com said that Kepler 438B is the most Earth-like planet yet that we've discovered.

It orbits a distant star in the constellation of Lyra, which is where Kepler is looking. Which one is this? 452B? 438B. Oh. It gets really confusing. I need to start naming these things. They do.

So 438B is a little bit bigger than Earth, 40% more heat than Earth than what we receive from the sun now. Right. It's small though, which means it is, just because it's 12% larger, means it's 70%, has a 70% chance of being rocky, like Earth. It is 470 light years away, which is not too bad considering some of these are thousands and thousands of light years away. It's an orbit around its star every 35 days, which is about 10 times as fast as Earth.

And basically, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics said that they announced this one along with seven other planets in the same habitable zone. So decent chance, but like I said, by the time this comes out, this may be old news. Yes. And debunked. There's another one that I think they discovered even more recently, which is Kepler 452B, and it's 1,400 light years away. And it is an Earth-like planet.

I think it's 60% larger in diameter than the Earth, but it's still Earth-like. It is a super Earth, yes. Or it could be. No, that automatically qualifies it as a super Earth, so it's Earth size, but it's not so big that it's like a gas giant. It's terrestrial likely. And it's in the Goldilocks zone for its star. And they're pretty excited about it, actually.

I think it has a mass that's five or six times Earth's, and so you would feel about double your weight, or you would weigh double what you do here. That's no fun. I think that if we did think colonists there, their bodies would adapt to be like working out all the time. But you would become super strong, and if you came back to Earth, you could just beat everybody up. Interesting.

Because you'd be twice as strong. Pretty cool, huh? That'd be great. That's the point of space travel is to find ways to just walk around and come back and beat everybody up on Earth. It's a bully program. That is a good question, though. What's the point of all this?

If these things are 1,400 light-years away, what's the point? Geez, just to keep looking beyond, I mean, isn't that exploration the whole point? I guess, because it's not like we could colonize any of these places. Well, not now, but I think that some people have an eye toward that. If we ever do figure out interstellar travel, it would be really good to know where we could go and take off our helmets and breathe. Yeah. I think of it more in the opposite way, like you can't stop doing stuff like this.

No, I agree with you. Because then you've just, I don't know, then you're just, you've given up. Yeah, you're an isolationist. Yeah, you're an adult living on Earth. Right. And I don't care. I'm just going to die anyway. Well, the other thing that they're looking for, that exoplanets' searches bring into

the fold is SETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, or just the search for life. Elsewhere. And again, if you're looking at planets that can sustain humans, they could conceivably sustain other types of life as well. So we're hedging our bets for the future. We're also looking to see if we're alone out there or not. I imagine there are people out there that think this is a big waste of time and money, though.

Probably. You know? Yeah. Whatevs. The adults. The isolationists. Yeah. You got anything else right now?

No. This is good stuff. It's all heady. And it's such a rapidly changing thing. Yeah. We could revisit this easily. Yeah. I mean, this will be outdated in six months.

But. Tops. Hey. We like to do these topical things every now and then. If you want to know more about Earth-like planets, you can type that into the search bar at house-to-forks.com. And since I said search bar, it's time for Listener Mail. And I'm going to call this Road Rage, and no, not Road Rage, Citizens Arrest.

Oh, okay. There's kind of a difference. Yeah. Big difference. Guys, I have a Citizens Arrest story from 2001. I was a 19-year-old behind the wheel of the first car I ever bought myself when I was rear-ended. It was 2001, so we didn't have cell phones.

And there was no phone booth nearby, so we could not call the highway patrol or police. My other driver had insurance, but did not have a valid driver's license, only an expired one. Later found out he obtained a license during window time when the governor of California announced him to be issued to undocumented persons who had emigrated without completing all their legal steps yet. So, basically, this guy got in a window, had a license at one point, it was expired. Gotcha.

I got my crunch car home that afternoon, and at the suggestion of my parents called the local cops to file a police report, since we couldn't do one at the scene of the accident. The officer that came out to my home was the most militant, sour woman in law enforcement that I have ever had the pleasure or displeasure of encountering. She impatiently asked the questions and took notes all while sneering at me. When I got to the part about the other driver having an expired license, she literally yelled at me for not placing him under Citizens Arrest. Mind you, this was a car full of men.

I was a 19-year-old girl who weighed 100 pounds and was 4'10", and she chastised me for not placing an entire car full of grown men under Citizens Arrest for driving on an expired license. She went on about how many undocumented persons have criminal records and can be very dangerous, and this would have been a good opportunity to get them deported. Well, this is an explosive listener mail. Yeah. Or a car full of potentially dangerous men, maybe you should not try and place under Citizens

Arrest. It would be my idea. At this point, my father had enough of her shenanigans and asked her to leave. That was the end of that. But we still chuckled this day over the absurdity of her suggestion, and she goes on to say that the guy in the car and the dudes were very nice in the exchange of insurance and it wasn't like a bad scene or anything. So it just sounds like this officer was not a very nice person.

It sounds like it. A little bit of a sourpuss? Yeah. But every cop that we heard from after Citizens Arrest said, don't do it. Yeah. And this lady saying, no, try it. Little four foot ten lady. Give it a shot.

On a car full of men. And I also want to point out that I forgot that one of the most legendary, remember I was trying to think of famous Citizens Arrests, the most legendary of all time is the Night Stalker. Oh yeah, he got arrested by a citizen? Yeah, by citizens. Like he was... Full check the Night Stalker did?

No, not him. Richard Ramirez? Yeah, Richard Ramirez. He was recognized out on the street because he eventually found out who he was and blasted his face out everywhere. And this group of Hispanic women saw him and started screaming in Spanish like Night Stalker, Night Stalker, and he was gang piled by like 15 people. I did not know that.

And cops had to pull people off. He was almost beaten to death. Wow. So I guess you would call that a Citizens Arrest. I would call that yes. Yeah, like a good one. Yeah. An effective one.

Yeah, well they got a serial killer. You always got to feel good about that, Citizens Arrest. Yeah, I fell down the rabbit hole of reading all about that guy recently. Yeah, yeah. Woof, man. What a crazy time to be living in LA. I bet people were... Because there was no rhyme or reason and it was like one night, then two nights later,

then three nights later, then two nights later, and just crazy awful, awful things. That was like The Zodiac. One of my favorite movies of all time, The Zodiac. That's a great movie. That is a great one. But then you read Ramirez's background and it's like abuse of father, this crazy uncle that was in Vietnam that showed him pictures of like decapitated bodies and he was dropped on his head like three times.

What? Like he had a whole list of things that's like how to become a serial killer. Gotcha. And so it's... Two times you're fine. That third time you get dropped on your head. Yeah. I mean, there's not say every head trauma leads to that, but they think it could have

something to do with cases like that. Thank you. It was just... It was very sad and fascinating. Huh. Yep. Do you have a particular article you recommend on the dude? Uh, no.

Okay. We'll look him up. Yeah. Uh, if you want to let us know about your personal story of something that has to do with what we've talked about in the past, how's that for call to action? That's good. If you'd like to tweet to us at S-Y-S-K podcast, you can join us on facebook.com slash stuff you should know.

You can send us an email to stuffpodcastathowstuffworks.com and as always join us at our home on the web, stuffyoushouldknow.com. For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit howstuffworks.com. I'm Munga Shatikular and it turns out astrology is way more widespread than any of us want to believe. You can find it in major league baseball, international banks, K-pop groups, even the White House. But just when I thought I had a handle on this subject, something completely unbelievable

happened to me and my whole view on astrology changed. Whether you're a skeptic or a believer, give me a few minutes because I think your ideas are about to change too. Listen to Skyline Drive on the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Lance Bass, host of the new iHeart podcast, Frosted Tips with Lance Bass. Do you ever think to yourself, what advice would Lance Bass and my favorite boy bands give me in this situation?

If you do, you've come to the right place because I'm here to help and a different hot sexy teen crush boy bander each week to guide you through life. Tell everybody, everybody about my new podcast and make sure to listen so we'll never ever have to say bye-bye-bye. Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you listen to podcasts.