Stuff You Should Know - How Quantum Suicide Works

Episode Date: August 3, 2010

In this episode, Josh and Chuck tackle a mind-melting topic: quantum physics! They ponder subatomic particles and various quantum theories, focusing specifically on a thought experiment called quantum suicide. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

You've been dreaming about this baby your entire life a small beautiful bundle of joy that deserves only the best Everything about your baby is one of a kind from the pregnancy to the birth from whether they're a napper or a baby Who doesn't want to miss a thing at Caden Lane? We want you to make everything as unique as your bundle of joy even that essential hospital overnight bag We're the one stop shop for all things baby mommy and family Celebrate your perfect baby Caden Lane comm It's time to reboot your credit card with Apple card Apple card is designed to help you pay less interest Unlike other cards it estimates how much interest you'll owe and suggests moves to help you pay off your balance faster

Also, you can keep more of your money apply now in the wallet app on iPhone and start using it right away Subject to credit approval interest estimates on the payment wheel are illustrative only and may not fully reflect actual interest charges on your account Estimates are based on your posted account balance at the time of the estimate and do not include pending transactions Or any other purchases you make before the end of the billing period brought to you by the reinvented 2012 Camry It's ready. Are you? Welcome to stuff you should know from how stuff works calm Hey and welcome to the podcast I'm Josh Clark with me as always is Charles W. Chuckers Bryant son of Mrs. Bryant. Yeah. Yeah, she kept the name. Good for her. I

Like your mom. Yeah, you met my mom. Yeah, I met your mom at the love your mama opening appropriately enough. That's right Yeah, I thought you said your name was Josh Clark for a second there If that was off the cuff, I'll accept that I did I just made that up. That was great It is not written down anywhere. That is great Chuck said that because we're going to be talking about quantum physics today and quarks are It's my understanding Chuck that they're the the fundamental basis of matter Yeah, they make up Hadron's which you may you may know that because we talked about the large Hadron collider Yeah, up until about like 30 seconds ago. I didn't know why it was called the large Hadron. Yeah

Well, there's six quarks Josh. They are known as flavors, which is kind of cool. It is cool up down charm strange top and bottom and apparently charm strange top and bottom you can only Be produced with like a big collision like the Hadron collider. Okay, like a large Hadron collider Yeah, yeah, and there's also anti-quark, too, which is like the opposite Yeah, those are the quarks that smoke cigarettes and wear leather jackets. Exactly. Um Chuck quarks exist on their particles They're matter, right? They're the building blocks of matter. That's what I understand So they exist on the subatomic level smaller than atoms or below atom depending on you know

How do you like the words sub? Yes um and They exist in this weird world the quantum world Mm-hmm. They bump elbows against photons, which are my favorite subatomic. I guess particles, okay and Plenty of other weird strange. It's like this odd parade of Physical things right? I don't like it there. I

Can understand why you don't because it's a very disconcerting in an uncomfortable world the the very comforting Ideals and principles of Newtonian physics. Yeah, which are what goes up must come down reality the sun's going to rise tomorrow Depending on whether or not you're a Robert Hume Adherent sure David Hume adherent Just these things that we can depend on we've come to depend on since Isaac Newton, you know, you know His breakthroughs sure I learned a lot about myself reading this actually did you learn that you get angry easily now It's just like it the whole notion of like stepping outside reality Disturbed me yes, and what's even more disturbing is that?

This this Universe is envisioned by some very very smart people. Yeah, or I should say what I perceive as reality by the way I just want to clear that up nice, okay So Chuck we've done one on the Large Hadron Collider, right? Yep, and this is hated. I want to this is just like this this huge fancy multi-billion dollar machine That's new that's still going. Yeah, right Um back in the 90s. They didn't have these Large Hadron colliders to like you know rely on to actually see and measure and detect Right things on the quantum world. They had to use their imaginations physicists did no, and

Specifically in 1997 there was a physicist who used his imagination for what's called a thought experiment Where you do like that idea. Yeah, this guy's name is Max Tegmark And he is awesome. He's he was at Princeton at the time now I think is that MIT smart guy and he came up with a thought experiment called quantum suicide Mm-hmm, and will you allow me to explain it as follows? Please do okay? so you are a guy and you're sitting in a room and There's a gun pointed at you at your head. I don't like where this is a kill shot. Yeah, you're looking at the barrel, right? Uh-huh and the guns a little off. I mean it's a normal gun, but it's hooked up to this new fangled machine, right?

And this machine is set so that it measures a cork it measures the spin of a cork, right? Right, so let's just say for simplicity's sake although you've already said this isn't true Let's just say that a cork can only spin clockwise or counterclockwise. Okay, okay? Um, this this machine is set so that every time the person sitting in front of the gun presses a button The cork is measured. Mm-hmm if the cork is measured with a clockwise spin the gun's not going to go off There'll just be a click. Okay, right? If when the guy presses the button the cork is measured and it comes up with a counterclockwise spin Mm-hmm the gun's gonna go off the trigger will be pulled. Yes, the bullet will exit the chamber

It will travel a several feet across the room into the head of the man sitting in front of the gun and he will die Guaranteed death like it's a kill shot. Okay What's weird is that in this quantum suicide thought experiment? Max Tagmark figured out that if this guy pressed the button Every single time He's going to hear a click click click click click click no matter how many times he presses it No matter how long he tries this right all he'll be aware of is this clicking of the gun because he lives

Yes, he lives in every single scenario right how can that possibly be? Let's go back to the beginning that first time the guy pressed the button. Okay. Yes what happened in Another parallel universe is the gun went off and he died, right? Okay, so with that first experiment the the universe split into two yep one where the gun went off And he died one where he just heard a click right now if we follow the one where he heard the click That's how he knows I'm he presses that button and the cork is measured right the universe splits into two But he's only aware of the one where he just hears a click because that's his reality when where he's alive

And if he died he clearly wouldn't understand that because he'd be dead. Yes So part one of mind melt starts just started. I think that that's the quantum suicide thought experiment. Yeah, I like it Yeah, it was pretty mind-boggling. Absolutely. Um, and it's used to Well, it's pretty exemplary of the kind of goofy like you said mind-melting Ideas that are brought up on to explain quantum physics, right? Yeah, what you have to do You have to use thought experiments because you can't use their it's unpredictable at that level So you can't use like a regular scientific method, right? And one of the reasons why it's unpredictable is because When you look at say a cork if a cork only had a spin of clockwise or counterclockwise

Science quantum physicists have found that when you observe a cork. Yeah One time you'll observe it and it's spinning clockwise the next time you'll observe it's spinning counterclockwise Yeah, or even more unsettlingly they found that photons these smallest packets of light You can look at a single photon at one point or measure it and it's a particle You can measure it the next time the same photon and it's a wave So this is kind of like Somebody running walking and swimming at the same time in different directions, right crazy This is this so that like you said it's it's it's uncomfortable that what they're finding on the quantum level

So what you got Josh is is a chaotic situation and that's sort of how it exists now But as you pointed out you wrote this I should point out and this is a performer This one has done really well, right? Yeah, you should tell yourself But sometimes scientists think that the more we learn that some order will fall into place on the quantum level at some point Well, hopefully yeah, hopefully here else either me theory after theory either that or else Yeah, it's like the the laws of physics don't the laws of Newtonian physics just don't apply on a certain level right down This they just apply on you know the specified level sure one of the one of the fundamental tenets that that has long been debated is

The idea of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, right? Yeah, so One of the one of the things like early on in quantum physics in like the 20s There are a lot of guys who are trying to explain why these weird things were showing up, right? Or inconsistent at least right. Yeah, and one of the the One of the early guys one of the early physicists was Werner Heisenberg. Yeah, Mexican Yeah Werner Heisenberg and he came up with this explanation or this I guess he pointed out like a major flaw with quantum mechanics is that When we observe something just the act of observing something we

Influence its behavior, right? Yeah, this is where I started to get a little hinky with this I understand it in concept like even like shining a light on something that small will cause it to change But it gets a little more like Philosophical than that Well, yeah, like simply looking at something will affect the outcome. That's a really great point Chuck There's the quantum Physics has a lot of philosophy and logic. Oh, yeah, we tied into math. Mm-hmm It's not just straight-up math. Yeah, there's philosophy to it

Sort of appeals to me on that level, but it's it doesn't make it easier to understand for me Well, this is how Heisenberg's uncertainty principle was explained to me once if you let's say you're blind and You have this ball a heavy ball that that has a lot of balance to it That you've learned to basically see with you know a bat uses sonar Yeah, to bounce back the wave to find out how far they are from something sure right Let's say you you've learned to kind of do the same thing but with the ball, right? Okay, and you know that there's a chair across the room and you want to figure out roughly how far away the chair is

So you throw your ball at the chair and you manage to hit it and the ball takes a Second and a half to come back to you sure and after you know being pretty good at this by now You know that the chair is about 30 feet away That's how long it takes for something right for the ball to get back to you in a second and a half with about as Hard as you threw it right What you've just figured out is the position of the chair or where the chair was when you threw the ball at it Right what the problem is is you've just influenced the behavior of the chair You just threw a ball against it so you send it careening off into space and now you have no idea where it is

Yeah, I get that I get the ball moving the chair what I don't get is looking at something Well on on this level consider this okay with photons remember the smallest packet of light my favorite yeah quantum particle sure There is a nano machine, which is it's a motor right and it's operated by shooting light at it So this these packets of light that have no mass and no charge right What this the the particles we're talking about are so small that a Photon a little packet of light can actually influence them So we use light to see say right let's say just and this is this is a very basic elementary

Explanation, but we use light to see if we have the light on there's photons just bombarding something right, right? So a photo if a photon can hit a particle We know where its position was when we turn the light on But we don't know where it is now because the photon just sent it careening elsewhere Right which tells back a little bit into the philosophical like you walk into a dark room You don't know where the chair is until you turn the light off, but did the light move the chair, right? That's that's that's exactly right, right? That's that's what smart people have to say about quantum

Wonder I don't get it Okay, I got it, but you do get it because you just know I get it perfectly. I get I was just kidding right okay? All right, so that's Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and that's been something that's kind of Provided a conundrum for quantum physicists and not everybody's bought into that right well And that's why they had to dream up the thought experiment to begin with right okay, so if just observing a Particle means we affect its behavior Well, then maybe we should use thought experiments, especially pre large Hadron collider right physicists

This is their their thought process right so this is why tag mark came up with the quantum suicide thought experiment But he didn't he came up with the thought experiment to prove Another quantum theory called the many-worlds interpretation Yeah, Hugh Everett fellow Princetonian in 1957 I know he was stoked like cuz 40 years people were kind of like eh I don't know about this many-worlds thing. Yeah, until your guy came along. Yeah, call me your guy Well, I've actually chatted with me's a good guy. Oh, that's right. Yeah, didn't you and I provided a picture. It was like 40 years Right yeah in 1957 and 97 exactly 40 years then and it supports quantum suicide the many-worlds theory is

for each Outcome each each each possible outcome to an action the world copies itself It splits into a copy of itself right and it's simultaneous and we have absolutely no power over it whatsoever Yeah, it's a process called decohesion, right? So Chuck this this universe that we're in right now is going along smoothly because there's no Choice or option right right? But let's say I'm deciding whether or not to take a sip of this coffee or not. Uh-huh just making that decision. I didn't just now

but the there was Decohesion when I made that decision not to right because in another Universe another parallel universe now exists where I did take a sip of that coffee Well, yeah, and the key here is that you don't know that this other universe has been created No, right no and you want to you want to imagine that you can look over to your right somewhere Right and you see yourself to drinking the coffee, right, but you can't we're not we're not cognizant of that universe It's it's branched off. They're no longer cohesive right right and that supports the quantum suicide thought experiment like perfectly well, that's that is what

that's that's What you ever it came up with to explain why a particle a photon could be both a wave and a particle, right? right The unsettling part of this is with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. We're in charge We look at a quantum particle, right? We affect it, right? All right, that was with who's Heisenberg Heisenberg. Yeah, sure in principle with With the many worlds interpretation. We're just observers, right? Yeah parallel universes happening all over the place So let's say that you you let's say I was the guy who decided I wanted to find out if there was such a thing as quantum

Immortality that I could just sit there with the gun and actually carry out this thought experiment and and see right? Yeah, and consider this. It's entirely possible that if somebody did do this They could live forever and only they would know Right, you know why because as an observer under the many worlds interpretation You're just so long for the ride right sort of have to accept that don't you if you support this theory Well, yeah, yeah, that's the basis of it So let's say that I was the guy who sat down in front of this gun and started pressing the button, right? Yes, and you're sitting there watching me, you know, maybe drinking a root beer

Waiting for that fire. Yeah Eventually it would happen because you're not doing anything. You're not making a decision I'm making the decision. You're an observer a bystander to my decision of pressing a button, right? Isn't that where predictability comes in probability probability? So eventually Just based on the chances of a coin toss shirts eventually you're going to be witness to that That quark being measured running counterclockwise and the gun going off and me dying I don't want to see and after that the universe can't possibly split anymore because you're not making the decision I'm making the decision right to press the button while I'm dead

I can't make the decision to press the button anymore. So then the the universe has stopped splitting for you, right? So that's that's pretty unsettling because we have no control whatsoever over anything. Oh, yeah, I mean it if I I would chalk it up to free will whether or not I'm I'm taking a sip of that coffee Uh-huh, but free will doesn't exist if the universe is splitting into two to accommodate every possible outcome And just imagine it splitting into more than two. What if there's more than one outcome for a decision? Like many worlds, okay, right? So you this is the many worlds interpretation and that's how quantum suicide basically proves it by the by Saying if somebody sat down and did this

They would become immortal. It shows that the the many worlds interpretation is theoretically possible Which is what it seeks to do, right? Right and that's sort of the new kid on the block, right when it comes to explaining this. Yes Not like the is it Copenhagen? Interpretation yeah, yeah, well, let's let's take it. Let's take it Chuck Well, that's the one that's been Accepted and still is in a lot of circles, but the one that had been accepted for like the last century basically Yeah, and you pointed out too that this whole thing is really only about a century old or so Yeah, I believe it was Max Planck in 1900 which is new basically founded the field of quantum physics

Yeah, which is very new on it, you know, but yeah on that scale Newton came up with his stuff in the 18th century So if this is the I guess the newest field of physics, right? So the Copenhagen interpretation Josh is Niels Bohr in the 1920s or actually in 1920 right and it says that a quantum particle doesn't exist in one or another But it exists in all states all at the same time Right in the state of existing in all possible states at once is called a coherent superposition or just superposition, right? Right and the total of all those is the wave function, right? So remember I said this is like this is like a running walking and swimming all at the same time, right? So the state of running walking and swimming all at the same time is called a superposition and then being able to run

Walk and swim as possible states. That's the wave function. That makes you an iron man It does but it makes you like the optimal iron man. That's right. You just finished the race immediately Yeah, everyone else is finished with the running part and you're like dripping wet with your bike on your shoulder, right? Nice. Yeah so Bohr He He proved this this whole Schrodinger's cat thing. This is this is a little funny and Schrodinger supposedly Designed this to sort of show how silly it was, right? He did he did but at the same time he was also

I mean he was a serious quantum physicist and he was a huge rival of Heisenberg actually and Heisenberg said Schrodinger's ideas were crap. Oh really? Yeah, is that the word he used? Yes and and I think I can't remember what Schrodinger had to say about Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, but They didn't like each other. All right, so Schrodinger's box. Can we kind of describe this? Yeah, and and if you didn't get this this is to the Copenhagen Interpretation what quantum suicide is to the many worlds interpretation. It's a thought experiment designed to theoretically prove that it's possible Okay, people are like, can't you just talk about ticks being on your nether regions? So much easier. All right Schrodinger's cat and this is I should point out. This is a theoretical experiment. He didn't really do this

Right, but he could well. He sure he could have so what he did was he got a box that you can't see into Which is very key is you'll find out he put a cat in there theoretically he put some radioactive material in there and then he put a Geiger counter in there and like a little device that would You know if the radioactive material leaks out it would smash this poison in there And it would kill the cat right if the Geiger counter sensed radioactive decay, right? It would trigger this hammer that smashes the poison bile killing the right But that's just a clever way of setting this up. It's really not important what he did. I like being clever Well, no, it was very good. Thank you for the point is he did it within like an hour or so

So where it's still possible like the cat didn't starve to death Right, the cat could either be alive or the cat could be dead. You don't know because the cat is sealed inside this box so in theory The cat is both alive and dead right and the other part about that hour is that he determines say like over an hour There was a 50-50 chance right that the radioactive material would decay or wouldn't decay So the Geiger counter had a 50-50 chance of detecting it and this is where I have a big problem with all this stuff Yeah, well, it's like you pointed out in the article too and that's what made me think of it the tree falling in the woods Would you really hear it? Mm-hmm? I have hated that since I was a little kid. I think it has to do with how your brain is wired

Yeah, because whether or not the cat is a the cat is alive or dead just because you don't know the answer Doesn't mean it's both. Well, that's to me as an English major music musician type You know in this though. So the cats the cat being alive Yeah, or the cat being dead, right? That's its wave function. Those are the possible outcomes, right and Since the box is sealed off like he says it's very important. You can't see in it. Mm-hmm You can't detect anything in it, right? The cat is the cats in in a superposition of both life and death. Oh, yeah

The point is is we what what Schrodinger was saying in this and how it how it Supports the Copenhagen interpretation and is actually more like The the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle than Schrodinger would have liked to admit, right? We the observer forced the outcome. Okay by observing it We open up the box and the cats either alive We and we see that the cats alive, right? Or we open up the box and the cat's dead and we see the cat's dead the point of Nils Bohr's Copenhagen interpretation is so these things exist in their superposition, right?

And when we observe them we force them into basically a choice We collapse right their wave function or we collapse their superposition and now they're a live cat Mm-hmm, or it's a dead cat but it's because of we observed and until we observe there in this state of all states at once It's that's just where I and like I said it has it's got to have something to do with your brain because my brother was a big Math guy, right and he used to tutor me some and he could never understand How I didn't get math just like I don't understand how they get physics on that level But I don't understand how someone can't sing on key

Because to me you hear the note and you just replicate it. You know what I understand what what a brain cramp feels like right now, yeah, oh um, so Chuck the again The great thing the comforting thing the thing that allows me to sleep at night about Bohr's aside from value that and Scott's sure The part about Bohr's theory that is comforting is that again?

It's up to us right things don't we we can't look at a cat and see it in a state of life and death at Simultaneously, right? We force things to happen and at the very least things make sense to us in that in that way. Yeah, yeah, right? With the many worlds again, we have nothing to do with it. It happens on its own Decohesion happens silent like instantaneously Whenever there's a decision made by a conscious being and even worse so times not linear, right? It exists in like these jumps and starts and branches right and so for every decision ever made by any conscious entity That includes rabbits Chuck Right, yeah

That there's the universe is split into every possible outcome. It's like lost. Oh It is and it's the basis of not just lost but like a lot of other there've been a lot of other Works, what was that one third contact you sent me it looked like a student film or something like that Yeah, there's some pretty cool short films. Oh, yeah, there's a beat just because it's so mind-boggling And the great thing is is that quantum physicists seem to have like a little bit of a sense of humor Or at the very least they're well aware that what they're saying is just completely nuts, right? They're like hey Don't kill the messenger. We're just trying to figure out what the hell is going on here, right? Schrodinger called his cat experiment quite ridiculous. Yeah, and Nils Bohr had a great great quote didn't he Chuck?

Yes, Josh. He said that anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it, right? That says it all all right It does say it all in and I think also what it did was it bought quantum physicists some time, right? Yeah, it's like you go figure this out Well, we really go figure this out. Well, I like coming explain it to you You got a little clever there on the last page, which I appreciated when you said that you know There are all these different theories and when you're talking about quantum physics and a lot of them contradict each other and maybe If you believe in this kind of quantum stuff

Maybe they're all right Right. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, you know, maybe the ones that contradict each other They're both right depending on what universe you're in so you depends if you're in many worlds interpretation Davo Taven. Yeah, that would be that would be so quantum. Yes super quantum. That's so Raven We should be wearing trawling outfits right now. I saw that trailer the other day man before inception Oh, yeah, it looks really good. Yeah, although I gotta say I liked inception, but I It could have been better. I enjoyed it. I did too Christopher Nolan can Direct and write the crud out of a movie. Yeah, but how much of it though is that no one else is making anything even remotely watchable?

Yeah You're right. Wow. He came along in a good time. Didn't he? Yeah, he did So that's quantum Suicide in a back. I can't wait to see the listener mail on this man Yeah, physics guys right in yes, it's and I don't I'm not making fun of them I mean, it's really enlightening. They take it really seriously. Oh, sure. It's awesome Yeah, and don't forget Chuck. We met somebody in New York at the knitting factory I believe who was a quantum physicist who explained to us

Like how we screwed up the large hadron collider. Yeah, so if you're out there, I can't remember your name Remind us. Was that the Hadron the collider? Yeah, dude. You know, huh? No, those are those are their comedy troupe Much different. Hadron the collider. They have a podcast check it out. Um, I guess now what it's time for listener mail Do you have something I do? All right, it's time for listener mail Josh I'm gonna call this cool Kiva Wedding, okay, can I throw something in first please? There's something we've overlooked too many episodes have gone by in my opinion But we need it. We need to put this out there Remember Sean from Virginia Beach the cubicle guy. Yeah. Yeah, who just was like I've listened to everything and there's no

There was no origin of hippie Rob, right? Well, we put the call out for everybody to let us know where hippie Rob first appeared in What capacity and we got a great response. Oh, yeah, first one to write in was Emmy Emmy Thanks for writing in Emmy, but thanks for everybody for writing in if you go back and listen to how squatting works Listen to approximately the 250 mark two-minute fifty-second mark You will find the origin of hippie Rob. Yeah, and if you want to show up He also shows up in about the same place in the earthquake podcast too and elsewhere But those are the two largest chunks of the hippie Rob saga. He's peppered throughout Isn't it funny that this dude is just out there existing somewhere and has no idea

Yeah, it's like another parallel universe exactly Wow, you're welcome Josh This is from Jana in Minnesota, and she says Josh and Chuck. I'm a huge fan of the show I wanted to share a story with you. My husband and I recently got married June 19th, 2010 so Mazel toft of that Yeah, you know with the reception when people ding the glass to make newlyweds kiss Mm-hmm. I'm not sure if it's a tradition in Georgia or not and sort of is I think it is we didn't do that Yeah, we had paper cups. No one heard it. Did you really? No. Oh, okay

Uh, we did have a budget wedding, but we didn't have paper cups plastic. We had PBR on a bottle That's very classy. Thank you Uh, everyone else starts to also ding their glass and then you have to stop eating and kiss My husband and I didn't like that idea. I don't either Uh, something about the annoying clanging sound didn't sound like fun Plus it's really demanding Yeah, you can't make me kiss. That's what I would have said. I would get all obstinate in my own wedding Uh, so we decided that people had to put money in a jar to make us kiss. Great idea

All the money placed in our jar would be donated to Kiva Fantastic through the stuff you should know the microlending team the microlending site, you know, we've also socially responsible microlending Yeah, we should also spell that because we get called out because it's such a weird word. It is kiva.org Yeah, and then slash team Slash stuff you should know. Yeah, if you want to donate for our team So, uh, she said it wasn't the biggest fundraiser of all time or anything They made about 50 bucks and kisses and they were happy to donate

So that's two loans right there and I just thought it was cool that we've been included now in someone's wedding day And wedding night. You remember that other one? I guess I'm waiting on us to cause a divorce That would bring this full circle. Yeah, I know we helped Somebody threw a divorce didn't we? Did we get an email from somebody who was getting divorced? I don't know maybe I think we have and thank you. Who was that? That was uh, jenna from minnesota. Thanks jenna and husband. Uh, congratulations on your wedding Uh, and if chuck and I have hastened the end of your wedding or have been present at the birth of your kid or whatever

Any major life event we want to hear about it? Uh, send us an email to stuffpodcast at howstuffworks.com For more on this and thousands of other topics visit howstuffworks.com Want more how stuff works? Check out our blogs on the howstuffworks.com homepage Brought to you by the reinvented 2012 camry. It's ready. Are you you've been dreaming about this baby your entire life A small beautiful bundle of joy that deserves only the best Everything about your baby is one of a kind from the pregnancy to the birth From whether they're a napper or a baby who doesn't want to miss a thing at kaden lane

We want you to make everything as unique as your bundle of joy even that essential hospital overnight bag We're the one stop shop for all things baby. Mommy and family celebrate your perfect baby kaden lane.com You're ready to travel in 2023 and since 1981 gate one travel has been providing more of the world for less Let gate one handle the planning for you with affordable escorted tours and european rougher cruises and right now through january 30th Use promo code heart 20 to receive 20 off your tour. That's promo code heart 20 through january 30th Visit gate one travel dot com for more information or to book your tour. That's gate the number one travel dot com Once again, use promo code heart 20 through january 30th to receive 20 off your 2023 trip