Stuff You Should Know - How the Hyperloop Will Work

Episode Date: March 23, 2017

If you’re out there, Elon Musk, this one’s for you (although you already know everything in this episode). Everybody else, buckle in and sit back for a 700 mph thrill ride from LA to SF in 35 minutes - coming soon! Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On the podcast, Hey Dude, the 90s called, David Lasher and Christine Taylor, stars of the cult classic show, Hey Dude, bring you back to the days of slip dresses and choker necklaces. We're gonna use Hey Dude as our jumping off point, but we are going to unpack and dive back into the decade of the 90s.

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Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. Hey, March is tripod month, my friend, and you know what that means? Yes, that means it's time to let people know about your favorite podcasts, just to share the sheer joy of podcast listening.

That's right, it's T-R-Y Pod, still a nascent industry. A lot of people don't know what podcasts are, and it helps everybody out if you would go out and just say, hey, family member who I see at Thanksgiving once a year, you should try out this thing called a podcast. Here's what they are, here's a cool show you should try, and here's how to get it.

Yeah, and it doesn't have to be our show, just any podcast you like in general that you think someone else would like, just share it. Yeah, yeah. So get on board the tripod train. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know from HowStuffWorks.com. We'll be right back.

Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and there's Charles W. Chuck Bryant. Say hi. Hello. And there's Jerry. Jerry, say hi. Jerry can't talk, because the tape is still holding after all these years.

Yeah, it's amazing. Well, at any rate, it's Stuff You Should Know. That tape has gotten kind of gross, there's like hair stuck to it and everything. We should swap it out every now and then. She screams though every time we do. Well, the little slit that we have cut so she can drink her miso through a straw

is really getting gamey. Yeah, I think some of that miso has a little bit of meat in it. You didn't like that one, huh? No. Well, I find that satisfying. I find it ironic that we're podcasting the day on this. Fast thing, because I've had the lowest energy today.

Any day I can think of in a long time. They need to bring Serge back, just for days like today, man, because I would strongly recommend you drink a Serge brand beverage. I'm not into those things. Dude, Serge was so good. I'm not into any of them, but I've tried one once

when I was super low energy. I'm not going to name it, but it made me feel like I was going to have a heart attack. Oh yeah. It's like this doesn't feel good. No? No, not at all. So what about coffee?

You've been drinking coffee lately, right? Have you fallen off of that? I've fallen off, but I had a triple this morning. Whoa. Triple espresso latte. That's why you feel low energy right now. You're crashing, man. Well, that was low before and low after,

so it's kind of just the thing. Are you okay? I'm fine. Personal problems that I don't feel like telling a million people about. Do we have a million listeners? Oh, I don't know. Who knows?

Let's say. What's a listener, what's a download? Right. Are these bots? Who knows? No one knows. Oh, that's good. That was a nice conversation.

Well, I'm super hyped up, Chuck, and you want to know why? Because you had a Serge energy drink? I didn't know. Because literally every project that Elon Musk has his hands on, I am jazzed about. He was in our short-lived television show. Supposedly he was your man crush hero idol.

Yes, yeah. And actually it has grown exponentially since then. Like the more I found out about him, the more I actually have come to, I think he's a pretty cool dude. I'll put it like that. Would you have such a crush on him if his name was like, you know, Bill Burles?

I actually have a crush on a guy named Bill Burles. All right. So, yes. All right. It's like Elon Musk sounds so, you know, exotic and James Bondi. Oh, it definitely does. He definitely has one of those guns

that slides out of his sleeve when he needs it. But he can always talk his way out of anything. That's his real. But it shoots kisses. So anyway, I'm not the only one. Yumi actually loves the guy a lot, too. I'm sure you got to watch out for that, though. Yeah, it's like a nice, respectful love from a distance.

So I'm not threatened by it. Just don't let them in a room together ever. She has this T-shirt. It says, save us Elon, which is pretty cool. Oh, really? Yeah. And she tweeted to him last night, actually, asking him to design, well, it was on behalf of our dog Momo.

She was asking him to design safe dog seats for cars, dog seats for cars, specifically Teslas, to start. I think they have dog restraining systems that you're supposed to use. They do, but I mean, imagine if Elon Musk put his, like even a half of a percentage of his brain toward designing something like that, just on the back of a cocktail nap.

Can it be awesome? Yeah, Momo would be in a plasma bag. Right, with one of those Hannibal Lecter masks, though. She looks so cute. Oh, boy. So I bring up Elon Musk, though, because, well, we're talking about one of his projects, but technically, it's not actually one of his projects

because the Hyperloop was basically a concept that he thought of, wrote a 57-page white paper on it, just roughly outlining some of the challenges, the problems, and then did something really unusual, especially for massive transportation projects, which is what the Hyperloop is. He open sourced it. He said, here you go, everybody.

Let's see what you can do with it. Somebody take this and run with it. He's kind of big on that, though, right? Yeah, I think, though, that, yeah, I don't think he did that with Tesla or SpaceX or anything like that. I think that's all very private and hush-hush. This one was, like, here's a really good idea.

Here is how you would do it. Somebody go do it. Yeah, this is unusual, I think, even for him. He open sourced something. I can't remember. Maybe it was the home battery system or something. Oh, yeah? Yeah, maybe he open sources things

that he doesn't feel like he can make a lot of dough on. Well, I don't know that battery thing. He said that, I think he's gonna use that to solve Australia's black and brownout problems. Oh, yeah? Yeah. All right, well, who knows? I just like that he does that occasionally.

Yeah, no, that's what I'm saying, cool cat. Yeah. Agreed. So let's talk hyperloop, you want to? Yeah, so the idea here originally, and I've kind of learned to through reading this, we're gonna talk a little bit about his boring company, pun intended, as well at the end,

but I've learned that when Elon Musk gets irritated with something, good things happen. Right. If he has a problem and he's like, you know, I'm tired of sitting in traffic or flying from LA to San Francisco is a real drag. He gets that cocktail, 57 pages of cocktail napkins. Right.

And he said, you know what, how about if we developed a high speed transport system, forget your maglevs, those only go, I know you're building one in California for $60 billion, but that thing only goes 200 miles an hour. It's not even maglev, it's just a straight up bullet train. Oh, it's not even, oh, I thought it was a maglev, no. No, it's a, he called it the world's slowest high speed train

or something like that. 200 miles an hour. Right, right, which I mean, 200 miles an hour, that's super fast. How could you possibly improve on that? Well, by putting people in a pod and a tube and shooting them at almost Mach 1 in 23 minutes, I'm sorry, 35 minutes from LA to San Francisco

or vice versa. Yeah, and I know he wants Mach 1 so bad. Yeah, I don't know what the problem is. I don't know if like the Sonic boom would throw off the whole thing, the whole closed system. You mean make it cooler? Yeah, no, it definitely would. But in his white paper, he makes reference

to the shock waves that are created as you get close to the speed of sound and the supersonic threshold. And I was reading the right stuff that Tom Wolf book about the early space program, right? Great. And he was talking about Chuck Yeager when he broke the speed of sound,

they had no idea what happened on the other side of a sonic boom. No one had ever gone that fast, right? And it was Yeager who figured out that he was just sure that once you hit sonic boom, everything would smooth out. But the closer and closer and closer you got to the sonic threshold, the harder it was to keep the plane stable.

He said it felt like it was gonna break up. His teeth were like breaking off into little pieces. So I would imagine that if you're doing that inside a closed and enclosed tube and you start to hit those same kind of shock waves, it would screw things up. So I would guess that's why they're not taking it to supersonic level.

Gotcha, so it's a purposeful thing. I did look into Mach 1 and apparently it varies. I never realized that. We should do something on that at some point. Mach 1 varies? Yeah, it depends on the local conditions, like mainly temperature and air pressure. I see.

As to how fast you need to be going. I mean, it's generally in that wheelhouse of 760 to, I'm not sure how high, but I saw 767 and it just depends sort of where you are, the object speed as it relates to the conditions. Right. Which is interesting. I got you.

Well, that's one of the benefits of this hyperloop that he's proposed is it's enclosed. It's encapsulated, it's a closed system, which means that it can be controlled. So you can control everything from the temperature to the air pressure to all that stuff, which we'll get into. But the hyperloop, I guess we should say,

is this proposal for the line, like you said, from LA to San Francisco. And it's two tubes side by side, they're actually welded together, but they are separate that form this closed system. On either end is a way for the cars to go one way, turn around and go back the other way. And like you said, it takes 35 minutes

for this journey, a one-way journey. I don't even know if you call that a journey. A, what would you call it? Just a, a yeow. Yeow. Hey, hey, hey. So it's, whatever it is,

it takes 35 minutes to go 350 miles. Yeah. Which is 563 kilometers, we should say hello, rest of the world. And he proposed initially that this thing would only cost about $6 billion, which the entire world scoffed at that more than I think they scoffed at any other part of the plan.

I mean, you know, people were like, first of all, this train that we're building in California is $60 billion. And the Bay Bridge in San Francisco, we're just redoing that thing for $6 billion for the same price that you think you can build this George Jetson machine. But you know, who knows, we'll see.

Yeah. What it ends up costing, but $6 billion, sounds like a ton of money. The thing that shocked me, I think, well, first of all, let's not ruin the price tag just yet. Okay. Except to say that it's shocking. But so what you would do is you would,

you would have this tube mounted on these pylons. The pylons are about, they're reinforced concrete, they're about 100 feet apart from one another and they vary in height because of the train, you know, he's gonna run along I-5. Yeah, right down the median as long as possible. Or as they call it in Los Angeles, the five, and it would be, you know,

at varying height, 20 feet, 50 feet, 100 feet, depending on the terrain. And part of the reason they put it on the five was because it just makes sense because there's already a highway there. They wouldn't have to like, you know, buy people out of their homes and businesses to build it. And I like to think another reason is so they could just

make fun of people sitting in traffic when this thing, when you hear that sonic boom as it goes by. Yeah. The other thing about the pylons too is it has a much, it creates a much smaller footprint on the actual ground. Yeah. Because the whole thing's raised up in the air. And those pylons are,

they're gonna be 20 feet wherever possible. It's gonna be about the average height off of the ground of the hyperloop. Earthquake proof, supposedly, which is a big deal. Yeah, there's gonna be dampers in the pylons so that it could take a pretty decent size earthquake. And then I guess that just the whole process of running this system will cause some expansion

and contraction. And so the whole thing's, it's gotta be pretty well together. Yeah, I think so. You can't make it loosey-goosey. So any movement is gonna be compensated for in these dampers in the pylons. Any sway, any up and down, any barrel rolls,

any of that stuff. Yeah, I'm sure that was, I mean, besides the movement, but just building something that travels that fast full of people along the fault lines out there is that was probably a very early consideration. Like, am I just stupid for even, but then he went, I'm Elon Musk, I'm not stupid.

I'm Elon Musk. So when he first started, I guess what the people like Elon Musk would call blue sky territory, people started throwing out ideas. He assembled a team and they were like, hey, you remember those cool pneumatic tubes and offices? Sometimes you gotta look backwards,

you know, at old technology to realize that you're wrong. And they had these fans that would shoot, you know, a letter from floor to floor through a tube. So satisfying. Oh man, those are the best. It's the same thing that they use when you do a drive through banking thing. Yeah, which, does anyone do that anymore?

Sure. Right, I can't remember the last time I went to a bank. I know, I'm like, I've got too much gasoline in my car, I need to get rid of some of it. And I need to bank. And a lollipop. I'm gonna combine those two. So they had that idea to use these giant fans

and he said, you know, I don't know if he personally said this, but they basically said, not a bad idea. It is possible to build a fan that large, but over 350 miles, that's gonna create a lot of friction with this thing. And it would explode. You know something interesting,

is somebody actually created that very system in London in 1864. And it exploded? It didn't explode, it ran for a year apparently without major problems. It was called the Crystal Palace Pneumatic Railway. Oh, I think I've heard of that. The thing is, it wasn't trying to go

a thousand kilometers an hour. Right, sure. It was just puttin' along like, isn't the feature amazing or in a pneumatic railway? But I mean, it worked, right? So it had actually, that had worked, but for what the Hyperloop is trying to be pneumatic just wouldn't work.

It would just create too much drag, pushing a column of air 350 miles. Too much friction. Too much friction, yeah. So the pneumatic one, he said, nah, we're not doin' that. By the way, that made me think the exploding thing. Did you know that cars don't really explode? Like a car on fire?

Oh yeah, I think there's a lot of safety features that keep it from doin' that, right? No, it's just, gasoline just doesn't explode like that. It can catch fire very fast and cause a big fire very quickly, but it's not like a movie where a car catches on fire and then goes boom really loud. Yeah, I feel like Chuck Norris really misled me

all these years. Well, in many, many ways. But I saw a car, it made me think of it cause I saw a car on fire the other day on the highway and the people were running away from it and which is, you know, it's probably not a bad idea anyway. Right, yeah. But I was kinda curious, so I looked it up

and apparently that doesn't happen. So if my car is ever on fire, I'm just gonna like stand right next to it like the coolest dude in the world. You just light a cigarette off of it. Exactly. And you're like, I don't even smoke. But I'm not recommending that.

I would still get away from a burning car if I were you. See you later, Tom. That's sage advice. So anyway, the other, they came up with another idea and they said, well, you know, we mentioned maglev trains. They said, that's a pretty good idea to get trains to go fast. And we did a whole episode on that, right?

Yeah, we did a maglev episode. It was pretty good. And I think when we did the maglev episode, everybody's like, you have to do a hyperloop episode. So here you go, everybody. Well, it was probably good that we did it years later, you know? Yeah. And you know, maglev, when you put two magnets together

in the correct way, they will either snap together or they will have that, you know, they will push each other apart. And we also did one on magnets. So refer to that for that magic explanation. But the idea is that what you create is no friction. Right. And there's a couple of problems.

We talked about drag and friction, or we're going to talk about drag. But those are sort of the two issues with the hyperloop. Those are the things that will make something slow down. Right. And there's like really no problem with a maglev train, except that it's extraordinarily expensive to build track, right?

So Musk was like, well, maybe we could put a maglev train in this tube in the hyperloop. Yeah, because there's drag even on a maglev train. But in a vacuum, there would not be. No, but that's what he was saying. It's, OK, well, we could put it in a vacuum. And it would just go zoom. And you'd be there in like half of a second.

The problem is it would be extraordinarily expensive to build and operate. And the reason it would be so expensive to operate is because the closer and closer you get to creating a full or perfect vacuum, the more expensive the pumping operation gets, right? So if you're like, if you're 1% or 2% away from a perfect vacuum, you're spending $5 pumping out the air to get to that point.

But it's, say, $100 trillion to get to a perfect vacuum. I don't think that those numbers are accurate, but you get the picture, right? Well, yeah, and the other thing too is it's nearly impossible to create something over that distance. Musk himself even said, if there's one small leaky seal or small crack anywhere in that 350 mile tube, then everything's down.

So one of the other problems when they were in blue sky territory, which I guess was starting to look like dark sky territory at this point, was what if we had something like a syringe? Like, we're moving air through this tube, but it's pushing this entire column of air. And they basically said it would just go too slow unless you built it super big, and then it would go too fast,

which I don't fully get. Right. Because, well, think about it, when you're pushing air, when you're pushing something through a tube, a cylinder, it starts pushing the air ahead of it, which slows it down. The only way for that to get around that is to make whatever you're pushing through the tube smaller or make the tube bigger.

So he looked at all these challenges, the problem with a vacuum, the syringe effect, the idea of pneumatics. And he said, I think I'm onto something with a closed loop, a closed tube, and pushing something through it. So I just got to figure out the details. And he did. And he came up with the hyperloop. And we'll tell you how he solved a lot of these problems

in just a minute. On the podcast, HeyDude, the 90s, called David Lasher and Christine Taylor, stars of the cult classic show HeyDude, bring you back to the days of slipdresses and choker necklaces. We're going to use HeyDude as our jumping off point, but we are going to unpack and dive back into the decade of the 90s.

We lived it. And now we're calling on all of our friends to come back and relive it. It's a podcast packed with interviews, co-stars, friends, and nonstop references to the best decade ever. Do you remember going to Blockbuster? Do you remember Nintendo 64? Do you remember getting Frosted Tips?

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the cartridge from your Game Boy, blowing on it and popping it back in as we take you back to the 90s. Listen to HeyDude, the 90s, called on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Lance Bass, host of the new iHeart podcast, Frosted Tips with Lance Bass. The hardest thing can be knowing who to turn to when questions arise or times get tough,

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And a different hot, sexy teen crush boy bander each week to guide you through life, step by step. Oh, not another one. Kids, relationships, life in general, can get messy. You may be thinking, this is the story of my life. Just stop now. If so, tell everybody, yeah, everybody, about my new podcast, and make sure to listen,

so we'll never, ever have to say, bye, bye, bye. Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. All right, so he does not work in a vacuum, even though he works on a vacuum. That was terrible. Yes, it was. But he has a great team of brilliant, brilliant people.

So he gets his engineers, the same folks who work on the Tesla, and the same people at SpaceX. And I get the feeling that these men and women can kind of do anything when they put their mind to it. So like you said, they propose these two tubes, a northbound line and a southbound line, a long i5. And he said, what we want to do is reduce drag and reduce friction, the kind of two things that

will slow down something that you want to go super fast. And if you notice, jets fly really high in the air at high altitudes, because it's less dense, you're going to have less drag. So he said, we can recreate that by manipulating the air pressure in that system in a big, big way. Yeah, by dropping it tremendously. Like, hugely.

So he figured out that you don't have to have a vacuum. Like, sure, a vacuum's nice, but it's just so prohibitively expensive to pump the air fully out of an enclosed system. And all it takes is one little leak in the whole thing's toast, right? So he figured out that you could still get roughly the same effect by lowering the pressure, not to a vacuum, but to super, super low.

And what he settled on was about 100 pascals of air pressure within the tube. Yes. That's extremely low air pressure. It's something like a sixth of the air pressure on Mars, which is pretty thin. But if you haven't been to Mars, it's actually about 1,000th of the air pressure at sea level on Earth.

So it's significantly lower pressure air, which just means the air is thinner, which means things will move through that tube with that low pressure air much more easily with much less drag. So the other point to having very, very low but not a full vacuum as far as air pressure goes is even if there was a crack or something in the tube, you can still pump that air.

You can overcome it by pumping air out a little more, but it's not going to raise your cost to $5 or $10 trillion again because you're not creating a vacuum. And just a little duct tape, and you're all set. Right. So it's a durable system that you can do with existing technology. Right.

So you've got your drag solved in a way. But then you have the friction problem. What do we put this thing on wheels? Do we want it on magnets? He had already decided against that. So he said, what if we put it on skis? And it's a perfect way to describe it in this article like an air hockey game where these tiny little holes blowing

air up from the bottom. And that is what makes the train not have contact with, I guess, the track, whatever that would look like. Right. Or the inside wall of the tube. Yeah. So the little ski, basically, like you just said,

it floats on a cushion of air, a very, very tiny cushion of air, something like less than half of an inch, I think. So it's just barely above the surface of the tube. But that's all it takes. And you've got a little cushion of air that it floats on. And since it's already thin air, it just zooms along as fast as you like with very little drag. So the wind gets under the ski because it's

kicked up a little bit in the front. And then amazingly, astoundingly, they also design these skis so that little bursts of compressed air shoot out of the skis to help support that cushion whenever it starts to erode, like, say, at a turn or because it starts to get too hot underneath. Yeah. I mean, ideally, you would do this all on a straight line.

But you just can't do that when you're designing it to go, you know, as far as from LA to San Francisco. Right. So to get this thing, to continue this air flow, because it is a closed system, they have a really, really powerful electric compressor on the front of the pod that pumps air to the back. Yeah, so like, instead of forcing the air to go around it,

it allows a lot of it to go straight through. And when it gets compressed, again, some of it gets shot to the skis. But a bunch of it gets shot to the back, which helps accelerate it, I think, right? Yeah, but that's not how it gets going. He had that, you know, the idea with the magnets, he didn't completely discard it.

In order to get it started at the beginning of your trip, he does use magnets on the skis. And he gives it, they basically said it provides for the initial shove. This electromagnetic pulse gets it going. And he said, at that point, you're going to feel it when you start from zero, sort of like you're taking off in a plane, basically.

But then after that, once you get up to speed, he said, you can't even feel like you, doesn't even feel like you're moving, basically. Right. Which is amazing. Do you remember our electricity episode? We were just both so blown away with how electricity is generated?

Yeah. Like, that's what that is. So on the actual inside of the tube, you've got a stator, which is basically just a magnet with a groove in it. And then attached to the skis on the capsule, the pod, you've got the rotor. And when you put them together, you

have a linear induction motor, right? So you run one through, just like when you run a coil of copper through a magnet, it generates electricity. If you run metal through a magnet in a straight line, it'll also generate electricity. And when it does that, like you said, that's how they actually accelerate from zero to, say,

300. Then after you're at 300, you're going through a city, going 300 miles an hour, because there's almost no drag whatsoever. You're just coasting. And then as you get out of the city and they step you up to full speed, you go through another linear induction motor.

And when this rotor goes through the stator, an electrical charge is created. And it's like the tube. This is Elon Musk's words. It's like the tube is chasing the capsule. And it just speeds it up to 760 miles per hour, about 1,000 or so kilometers an hour. And you just coast along fast as you

like going between LA and San Francisco. Yeah, and these motors are sort of placed along the way. And I get the feeling that it works in concert with that air. And I mean, it sounds like something from the future, but we'll get to it here in a bit. It's actually kind of happening in a way, but we won't talk about that quite yet, right? Right.

So this sounds very cool as it is. The actual experience on one of these things, because it's Elon Musk, it's not going to be like a chicken bus, even though I love a good chicken bus. Sure. We've been on them in Guatemala, right? So he wanted to make it a little more posh, obviously. So what this thing is, it's a pod that holds 28 people.

We've got 14 rows of two. There's a little luggage compartment, so you can put your junk. Apparently they're going to design them one day, hopefully, where if you're, I guess, I would imagine they would charge you a little bit of dough for this. But you could put your car in it and transport your car as well. Well, that's like he has basically two designs.

He proposed two designs. One's like the regular passenger only one, then the other's a passenger and a car, which makes a lot of sense. Because you're zipping from LA to San Francisco, just shouting the future. But then when you get to the other end, you still need your car.

You don't want to rent a car, like a regular Shmo. It should drop you off at Car Rental Row. Yeah, I think those would build up around the stations, for sure. So they would take off about every 30 seconds or so during peak travel time. And you think, man, that sounds dangerous. You got to remember 30 seconds later, this thing's already 23 miles down the loop.

So there's a good amount of space in between, even though it's only 30 seconds, which is a benefit of going 300 miles an hour at startup. And supposedly, and this is the thing that blows me away more than anything else, he said it would be about $20 each way. So that's how much you could charge and just break even, I think, is what he was saying. That's crazy.

So in other words, it would be $500 a ticket. Yeah, depending on who actually built it and started operating it, I'm sure. Yeah, and I imagine you get the romantic notion of being in Los Angeles at 315 and saying, I want to hit Napa Valley at happy hour. I don't think that'll be possible. Surely this thing will be booked months and months in advance.

Well, supposedly, they say that at the 30 seconds, I think, 30 seconds of departure is what I'm trying to say at rush hour. And then significantly less at other times. They say that that is enough in and of itself to account for the 7 million people a year who travel between San Francisco and LA. I don't know if that's by air. I don't know if that's by air or not.

But there was some number that this number satisfied that said it covers everybody who would want it. So I don't know. I wonder if they're just saying for business travelers or something, because once you get this thing going, you are going to have people like, I want to have dinner in LA tonight. And then I want to have dessert in San Francisco.

Yeah, you know, I mean, though, if you think about it, mustn't cover this. I'm riffing here. But all you have to do is build another one right next to it or on top of it or right below it. And then, bam, you just doubled how many people can be served by this. He also said that if you need to add more people,

that these things could depart significantly faster than 30-second increments. And there's a lot of ways that you could do that, right? So when you are, well, let's go to the future, Chuck. Does the Wayback machine go forward? Yeah, just let me recalibrate it here. All right. Beep, boop, beep, boop, beep, boop, boop, boop, boop.

All right. Oh, nice. All right, let's go like, I don't know, 10 years from now. Beep, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop. OK, so here we are. We are at the San Francisco end of the Hyperloop station, right? I'm dead.

So what? You're not dead yet. Oh, OK. That's 12 years. Oh, great. The, in the station, you and I are like handing off our baggage to a friendly Hyperloop employee, right? Aren't they smartly dressed?

Yeah, those loopers are on the ball. They're all wearing silver jumpsuits, everybody. So they take our luggage, they put it in a luggage pod, and it's just this, well, it's just a pod, right? And these other guys are loading them up, and they close the luggage pod, and they say, follow us. And we walk alongside the luggage pod, and the luggage pod gets put on a capsule, a passenger pod.

It just kind of clicks onto the back of it, right? So you've just figured out a problem of getting luggage on board when you're trying to get a thing to depart every 15 seconds, right? Yeah, because, boy, you know how fast that happens on planes. Right, exactly. So you do the luggage ahead of time using capsules that can be taken off and put on.

Same with the batteries, and we'll talk a little more about the energy it uses in a little bit. But the batteries are rechargeable, and so on each journey, they get used, and then taken off, and new fresh batteries are put on. And then the passengers get onto the actual passenger compartment through Gullwing doors, which are just cool, right?

You get in, you take your seat, the Gullwing doors close, the luggage compartment has been attached to it, and the new batteries are on, and you're off. You could conceivably do that in 15 seconds if you made everybody run and, like, clapped your hands. Well, like I said, anyone who's ever boarded a plane, I think they're dreaming if they think that that's going to happen.

Yeah, I don't know exactly how they could, but he also says in the white paper that it has to be as safe as TSA, but having people just streaming on, like, almost constantly, would somehow, in his estimation, make the screening process faster and more efficient. That I don't understand, but I'm quite sure that whatever TSA is doing could be made more efficient.

I have total faith in that. It sounds like you'd be in a queue sort of like a roller coaster ride. Yeah, probably. And I guess you'd have to have a system where, unless you had hundreds of these pods lined up, where you had the southbound ones doing a little U-turn, and then heading back north immediately.

Exactly. Yeah, and it reaches the end, it hits a turntable, turns around, and is aligned with the other pod. Like the old street cars. Yeah, or like a record. I didn't know, until I rode a street car, I didn't know they did that. I was kind of blown away by that.

Did you get to ride it to the end? Yeah. Oh, wow. Well, no, I think I got on at its departure point. And so a street car came down, the city moved around it, it seemed like, and then we took off again. What was the street car named? Desire.

I had actually one of my best moments of my life on a, I had been to a bar by myself in San Francisco when Emily and I were traveling, she went back to the hotel, and I wanted to stay out. And got a little saucy. And then I might have told the story. On the way back, I caught the last street car to get back toward my hotel, and I was the only person on it.

For the whole entire ride, I had the street car to myself, going downhill the whole way, and the driver, I was up near the driver, and he kind of talked to me the whole way, and it was like, as if I were Elvis, and I had rented this thing. That's your go-to? Yeah, I mean, he's the one that used to like, I want to rent out Six Flags, man.

Oh, yeah, he did do that to me. Yeah, sure, he'd rent out everything just so he didn't have to be bothered. But you didn't even have to lay out any extra money for that, so. No. Even better. It was really great.

It was just kind of one of those moments. Did you just keep singing the Rice Aroni theme song over and over to the driver? I did, and he finally kicked me off, and I rolled downhill the rest of the way. It was great. Nice. All right, so nostalgic travel memories aside.

Let's take a break, and I will take another espresso shot, and we'll finish up here with the Hyperloop. OK. On the podcast, Hey Dude, the 90s called David Lasher and Christine Taylor, stars of the cult classic show, Hey Dude, bring you back to the days of slip dresses and choker necklaces. We're going to use Hey Dude as our jumping off point, but we are going to unpack and dive back

into the decade of the 90s. We lived it, and now we're calling on all of our friends to come back and relive it. It's a podcast packed with interviews, co-stars, friends, and nonstop references to the best decade ever. Do you remember going to Blockbuster? Do you remember Nintendo 64? Do you remember getting Frosted Tips?

Was that a cereal? No, it was hair. Do you remember AOL Instant Messenger and the dial-up sound like poltergeist? So leave a code on your best friend's beeper, because you'll want to be there when the nostalgia starts flowing. Each episode will rival the feeling of taking out

the cartridge from your Game Boy, blowing on it and popping it back in as we take you back to the 90s. Listen to Hey Dude, the 90s, called on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Lance Bass, host of the new iHeart podcast, Frosted Tips with Lance Bass. The hardest thing can be knowing who to turn to when questions arise or times get tough,

or you're at the end of the road. Ah, OK, I see what you're doing. Do you ever think to yourself, what advice would Lance Bass and my favorite boy bands give me in this situation? If you do, you've come to the right place, because I'm here to help. This, I promise you.

Oh, god. Seriously, I swear. And you won't have to send an SOS, because I'll be there for you. Oh, man. And so will my husband, Michael. Um, hey, that's me. Yep, we know that, Michael, and a different hot, sexy teen

crush boy bander each week to guide you through life step by step. Oh, not another one. Kids, relationships, life in general can get messy. You may be thinking, this is the story of my life. Just stop now. If so, tell everybody, yeah, everybody, about my new podcast, and make sure to listen,

so we'll never, ever have to say bye, bye, bye. Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. So before we left, we didn't quite finish. Once you get on this thing, they're only, they're a little under seven feet tall. So if you're a tall person or you have claustrophobia, it might not be for you.

Well, there's no bathroom on board either. Yeah, there's no bathroom as of yet, because, you know, unless you have it like a medical condition, you should be able to hold it for 35 minutes. I, yeah, yeah, there would have to be a lot of bathrooms at the station just in case. Well, you couldn't bevy up like you'd like to. No, that's what I'm saying.

And then there, you have your own little, you know, personal entertainment system, of course, to occupy you for the 35 minutes, because God forbid anyone just be alone with her thoughts. Oh my God. For that long. That would make the hyperloop the most terrifying ride on the planet.

And I think that it would make periodic stops along the way too, right? No, it's like that's proposed that you could have stations that branch off. Right, I mean, I don't think it would be a lot. There's probably, and there may be an express model, kind of like a subway, but it's not like, you know, we're going to stop in Bakersfield in Modesto.

Maybe we can get a sandwich or something. See the site. Yeah, that's what the buses do. Yeah, this is the opposite of that sentiment. Right. Just like, just get there. All right, so they ended up talking to this guy named Jim Powell, who was a, he was,

I think he designed the first Maglev train, didn't he? Yes, he was one of the designers. And they just wanted to get his take on it. And he said, well, he's definitely onto something with this closed system. He said, because part of the problem with the Maglev is the drag that we get. And he said, but he said, I still think you might have

some problems achieving those speeds personally. And ideally, like you're going in a straight line because who knows what it's going to be like going around a curve for these people. Yeah, that's a big thing. Like if you go around a curve at these speeds, you're going to feel the Gs. And that's not the point of this.

It's not to be scary or terrifying. What they're trying to do is get the sensation of Gs to about 0.5. Right. And that's like a tenth of a scary roller coaster's Gs. So it would be something that you wouldn't even necessarily notice unless you're taking a curve. And this is where they deviate from the I-5 median, right?

In some cases where I-5 takes a bend with a radius of, I think, less than a mile, that's too much of a turn. So the hyperloop will actually, the route will just keep going straight-ish until it picks up I-5 again. Because if it turns too much, even more than a mile radius, that's a big, wide swing. Sure. Well, not when you're going that fast.

Right. When you're going that fast, you feel it. And you'll just throw up and puke all over your fellow passengers, but they won't care because they'll be puking on you, too. And everybody will get everybody else's vomit and everybody else's mouth. Yeah, they'll go, it was worth it.

It was so fast. I love you, I must. I imagine they could slow it down a bit on those curves, too. They'd work it out, you know? Sure. But apparently, he is personally guaranteed that every passenger that throws up on his hyperloop, he will be at the station to receive them with a warm towel to clean their

face off. And he will clean their face off with it and then pat them, pat their head and tell them, it's OK. What a guy. Yeah, he is. And then Richard Branson will anoint their feet with oil. That's another great guy. I really hope I'm not digging myself in a hole five, 10

years from now, where it turns out that, oh, they both enslaved the world together, but Josh sure liked them. Right, kind of the opposite of my Jared Focal prediction. Exactly. So Chuck, another issue that people have raised is, well, what about energy consumption? And Elon Musk actually has that pegged. First of all, he's like, there's not a lot of energy

you need. Most of this is coasting. Something like 80% or 90% of the actual trip requires no energy whatsoever. The stuff that requires the most energy is the compressor that's on the front of each pod that compresses the air to shoot out to the jets or shoot behind the pod. And the personal entertainment system and lighting

on board the pod itself. And the rest is, well, you've got the linear induction motor that doesn't require any energy. It just requires movement. And again, Elon Musk is going to personally shove off each pod. He's really going to be hands on in this project, from what I understand.

And then any other energy sources that are needed can be covered and then some by solar arrays that are going to be built on top of the Hyperloop tube. So the whole thing, the whole system, will actually capture and generate more energy than it actually uses. Yeah, I mean, this is the guy who invented the Tesla and this battery bank that they're going to be using on solar homes.

So I think people would be foolish to try and call him out on energy consumption. Right. So he'll probably be like, they'll just divert some of the electricity to power irrigation systems in cropland along the way. Who knows? Or road signs for I-5 saying suckers.

Get out of your car. Yeah. Get in the Hyperloop. All right, so you sent me this article, I think, that was from January. It's very recent, called These Are the First Images of What Will Soon Be the World's First Hyperloop Tube. Little wordy.

But there is, like you said, because it was open source, there were a bunch of companies and start-ups mainly that were like, we want to get on this thing because if you get on the Elon Musk train, you know you're headed for goodness. I think that's what the Hyperloop tagline will be. Yeah. And so there's this company called Hyperloop One.

And they are apparently the sort of out in front on this race so far to make this thing a reality by having a test site where else in the desert of Nevada. Yeah. It's pretty flat and straight, and you can go real fast. And the only thing out there are buried bodies. Right. And once they decompose, you're fine.

So they have this test site called the Devloop. And the only thing, I mean, it's got pictures of it. And it looks exactly what you would think, like it looks like a tube on pylons. And right now, it's 1,640 feet long, 500 meters. But apparently, they're going to top it out for testing at 1.86 miles, which seems way too short to me. Yeah, for sure.

But I think you could probably, you probably couldn't test the actual maximum conditions, but you could probably test everything enough to see if, to prove mathematically, that you could do these top conditions. You know what I mean? But it would be like, all right, start test. Test over. What happened?

Yeah. No one knows. I mean, you couldn't even get up to speed at that. Yeah, I'm not exactly sure what they'll be capable of proving with that. But probably just that the machine can run. I think what they're going to do is prove to the United Arab Emirates that it works, because they're apparently

in line to say, yes, if you guys can show that this works, we want one immediately from Abu Dhabi to Dubai, which apparently is a trip that you'd be able to make in about 12 minutes. Normally, it takes two hours or so by car. Yeah, I mean, that is, when I read that, I was like, well, of course, they're exactly who's going to build the first one of these.

Right. They're like, how much is it? We're just joking. We don't care. Yeah, exactly. So Hyperloop 1 is, from what I understand, at the forefront of this. There are a number of companies and startups that have formed

that are working on the project. But Hyperloop 1, I think, is at the forefront. So much so that now they're starting to show off. They've released CGI video of what it'll look like when they drop the Hyperloop under water, because why not do that? Yeah. And like I said, they've got at least one customer just waiting in the wings, if not more.

So apparently, they're going to test it this year in the spring or the summer. And man, if it works, it really would be a revolution in transportation. Like it would change everything, especially if it comes even close to that initial cost projection. If it comes even remotely close to that, you could just say goodbye trains so long, it was nice knowing you.

I mean, they may still have some, but it'll be for like nostalgic tourists. Yeah, I mean, of course, we're talking about hundreds of years in the future when they had Hyperloops on every route in the United States and throughout the world. Sure, or 50 years from now. Well, actually, Elon Musk made a really good point. He said, this would be really good for medium length

travel, that at these speeds, anything over about 900 miles in distance, you'd actually be better off with supersonic flight. Yeah, I mean, what I would see them doing is doing Boston DC and doing up the coast, they would serve the coastal elites as they call them and forget the rest of the country. That's how it always works.

Yeah, flyover, I guess, is what they call it. I don't know what they'll call it when it's a Hyperloop. Zoomover. Zoom past. Sure. One of the other things that people raised, though, I wanted to say real quick was safety. And apparently, this is one of the other ways that it's

revolutionary, is that it's fairly safe in ways that other modes of transport just aren't. One of the main reasons that it's safe is because it's an enclosed capsule, which means that you take weather out of the equation. Yes. You're not very good at math. Yeah, that makes sense.

Yeah, and each car, I think, is going to be equipped with brakes, like mechanical brakes, and wheels. So like if something happens, if the whole thing loses pressure, you can just drive along. I wonder if you would have to be strapped in. Yes. Oh, you would? OK, because I imagine going from 700 miles an hour to zero,

if one of the other ones has stopped in front of you, that would be a pretty quick braking. Yes. So the air pressure sensors would control the brakes on each car. So if one of them started to stop or something or the thing started to lose air pressure, the system started to break down, all the cars would be directed to put on

their brakes. And the other thing, I thought this was pretty interesting, too, if you had a medical emergency on board one of these things, Elon points out that you'd just be better off completing the route and then having EMS waiting for you when you got off. That'd be quicker than anything else, yeah. Way quicker, yeah.

So you just sit there and hang on. Stay away from the light. Wow. Until you got to San Francisco or LA. So earlier on, I talked about his boring company, that it was a very purposeful play on words. And like I mentioned earlier, when Elon Musk gets aggravated, things start happening.

He was in, I think it was late last year in December, he was in traffic. And he literally just tweeted out that he was in traffic. And he literally said this, traffic is driving me nuts. I'm going to build a tunnel boring machine and just start digging. Sad. Oh, did he say sad, really?

No. Oh, thank goodness. And people thought, all right, Elon Musk just fired off a tweet about something. So we know he's not one to just shoot his mouth off. No. Because he backs up what he says in most cases. And he has done this.

What he's trying to do is build this tunnel boring machine that would increase tunneling speed by, he said, between 500 and 1,000%. And the idea is to go down. He's basically like, if we want to improve traffic, you can go up or you can go down. We're already too dense to keep building roads, basically. And he said, going up isn't a great idea, I guess, because

I'm going to have my hyperloop up there. So he said, I'm going to start digging. So right now, they have dug under SpaceX a test trench. And this is December. This is like three months later. They've already got a test trench that's 30 feet wide, 50 feet long, and 15 feet deep that runs under SpaceX. And he sees a future, basically.

And it's problematic in cities, because there's already a lot going on underground. But basically, he envisions a future where they have these incredible tunnels that are dug very, very fast beneath cities where you could have highways, trains. And they even asked him, are you going to combine your hyperloop through these underground tunnels? And he just tweeted back, maybe.

So I guess he was just being a little coy there. Yeah, I took it more like, maybe. He should have done ellipse question mark then. And then fingers crossed sign. We know what he means. I got one more thing, man. So the hyperloop was foreseen predicted back in 1965. Did you know that?

What, that doesn't surprise me, some science fiction writer? Yeah, actually, a science fiction comic strip guy who, his name was, this name was amazing, Athelston Spilhouse. Wow. Yeah, pretty good name, right? He decided to create a comic strip back in the 60s called Our New Age, because he wanted to get American kids

interested in science to keep up with the Ruskies, right? And in one of the comic strips, he basically talks about the hyperloop, this pod carrying passengers, floating on air, traveling at hundreds of miles an hour within a tube to solve traffic jams. It's just, it's like the hyperloop. It's pretty cool. For some reason, thought there would be like 10 different

comic books that did this. It just seems like back then, that would be such a sort of obvious thing to do. Yeah, I guess so. But maybe it was just Spilhouse. Just Athelston Spilhouse. It sounds like an evil Simpsons character or something that would come into town to do something bad.

I'd like to hear Sylvester the cat say that name. You got anything else? Nope. OK, well, everybody let's apply some pressure on Elon Musk to get some dog seats made for cars, OK? Yes. Help me out. If you want to know more about the hyperloop type that word

in the search bar at HouseToWorks.com, and since I said that, it's time for administrative details. All right, if you don't listen to the show ever, maybe we should set this up. Every once in a while, we get nice gifts from people and more and more from companies. And we like to read them on the air every few months as a thank you.

Yeah. In a little weirdly, awkwardly titled segment called Administrative Details. You know, I came up with that name. I know. It's the worst, but I love it. It is pretty bad, isn't it? Yeah, so here we go with our special is the music already

queued up. Oh, yeah. All right, here we go with the administrative details. We want to thank Matt and Kim of Mincing Mockingbird, Art and Design Company. They sent a book of his painting, plus some really fun journal-type notebooks. They look like these vintage journals, but then it says

things like dope rhymes, or my favorite one was strange ideas and impure thoughts. And I love a good journal, so they were really cool. Yeah, thanks a lot for that, you guys. I want to give a special thanks to Tyler Murphy, our buddy. Murphy. He likes to send me Highlander Grog coffee, and it's been so long since he did Administrative Details.

He's actually sent me two packages so far, so thanks for both of them, Tyler. Will and Dave from Bully Boy Distillers in Boston sent us, well, they sent us a bunch of booze, some rum and some gin. Seems like there was one other thing in there. It was a old-fashioned? Pre-made old-fashioned. Bully old-fashioned.

Did you have that, I bet? Yes. Was it good? Yes, it was. They were apparently the first craft distiller in Boston since prohibition times, and they opened up in 2010. So thank you, Bully Boy Distillers. Yeah, thanks to Taylor Newton for the awesome stoked socks.

Did you get some of those? No. Dude, I've been rocking those. They're like super 80s just pop art socks that have like their teal blue with lots of pink palm trees all over them, stuff like that. They're like something DJ Jazzy Jeff would have worn back in the day.

Well, you love your wacky socks, so it's perfect. Yeah. Thank you, Sarah Austin. She sent us some fine leatherwork. Nice. Thank you, Mark Hicks and family, for the very nice Christmas card that was nice of you guys. Colin Flayhive, interesting name,

Dolly D.A.L.I. Bars from Kunming, China. That's what they sent us. And a book called Great Leaps. Nice. Thanks, dude. Thanks, dudes. Karen Johnson's. Everyone's about somebody will find something

or just come across some weird article and be like, Josh and Chuck would love this. And they nail it every time. And Karen Johnson was one of those people. She sent us a series of articles about the dreaded outhouse peeper who kept Montana in his grip of fear in 1987. Oh, wow. Yeah, thanks for those articles.

Bob Ticknor of Wayback W-E-Y-B-A-C-H, Wayback Guitars, which are handmade here in Atlanta. He sent t-shirts. That was my way of building up suspense. They sent me a guitar. Huge thanks to Narell, who gave us a bounty of Australian candy. And thanks to a lesser degree for the tube of Vegemite.

Snow Drop Gin, thank you, Tim, from Saxton's River Distillery in Vermont for the Snow Drop Gin. Nice. Is that good? Delicious. We got another Christmas card, a handmade Christmas card, from the Hoy family in Normal, Illinois. It was very normal.

Adam Pobiak, he's a screen printer and graphic artist. And he sent, remember those awesome repo man posters? Those were very sweet. So thanks, Adam, for those. Yep, Cyrus Amon, I never asked him how to pronounce his name. He interviewed me for his site. He's got a really cool site where he just

interviews people he likes. And it's C-Y-R-U-S-A-M-A-N dot com. And he, just a total class act, just to say thanks for the interview, sent some homemade chocolate chip cookies that were amazingly delicious. So thanks, Cyrus. We got an assortment of shrubs, like drinking shrubs, not for the lawn, from shakerandspoon.com.

Oh, those are good guys. They're advertisers with us now, too. Oh, well, fantastic. Thanks, everybody, over there. And speaking of booze, where would we be if we didn't thank our good friends at Crown Royal for always keeping us wet? They sent us, not only did they give us some XR, which

is like really, really, really good whiskey, it's almost like Kanyaki whiskey, it's so good. They made us personalized velvet bags, like Crown Royal bags that have our names on it, so we can say that's mine. Sally Franklin, she works for Crown Publishing Group. They sent us a couple of great books about women in science, one called Women in Science, and one called Headstrong, 52 Women Who Changed Science

in the World, good stuff. And they are on our bookshelf here at work now. And everyone reads all these things, so it's great. Yep. Alex Kernel sent us some amazing prints of states that his fiance makes. They're just beautiful and super kind of old-timey looking. They just have a nice look to them.

And you can find them at Stampoli, S-T-A-M-P-I-L-Y on Etsy. So go check those out. And thanks, Alex. Skyla Brown, S-K-I-L-E, sent us her book, To Stay Alive. She said that we inspired her with our episode on the Donner Party, and she actually researched and wrote a book about it. Nice.

Yeah, it was great. Wow, we inspired a book. That's wonderful. Yeah. Coyote from Tokyo, who sent us a beautiful holiday card, just gorgeous, and some wonderful origami stars. So thank you very much. Our friend Jamie Buckner is a filmmaker

and sent us a DVD copy of the indie film that he made called Split, which is available also on your video on demand in Amazon and iTunes, if you want to check that out. Split. Matt Dregger sent us some homebrewed beer. Thank you, Matt. Raymond, Bisinger, Beisinger, Beasinger, all three of them.

They sent some really cool poster prints. These are the ones. And I really love this stuff. They sent Atlanta in 1871 to me and Toledo in 1876 to you. And you know how I love my maps. And you can find his work at 15 spelled out, F-I-F-T-E-N dot C-A. Yep. The last one for me for today is from Doug Frumpkin.

Thank you, Doug, for sending us coins from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Who knew? I'm assuming that they're not irradiated. In my last one, and we're going to continue this on our next episode, Kevin from drawkevindraw.com sent us hand-printed note cards made from soy ink. And they were quite lovely.

Nice. So thanks, everybody. Yeah, thanks a million, everyone, to keep them coming, huh? Absolutely. And if you want to get in touch with us, you don't actually have to send us anything. You can just say hi if you like. You can tweet to us at, I'm at Josh underscore

underscore Clark and at S-Y-S-K podcast. Chuck's on facebook.com slash Charles W. Chuck Bryant. And at facebook.com slash stuff you should know. You can send us an email to stuffpodcast at howstuffworks.com. And as always, join us at our home on the web, stuffyoushouldknow.com. For more on this and thousands of other topics,

visit howstuffworks.com. I'll see you next time. Hey, dude, the 90s called David Lasher and Christine Taylor, stars of the cult classic show, Hey Dude, bring you back to the days of slip dresses and choker necklaces. We're going to use Hey Dude as our jumping off point, but we are going to unpack and dive back

into the decade of the 90s. We lived it. And now we're calling on all of our friends to come back and relive it. Listen to Hey Dude, the 90s called on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, I'm Lance Bass, host of the new iHeart podcast, Frosted Tips with Lance Bass.

Do you ever think to yourself, what advice would Lance Bass and my favorite boy bands give me in this situation? If you do, you've come to the right place because I'm here to help. And a different hot, sexy teen crush boy bander each week to guide you through life. Tell everybody, yeah, everybody about my new podcast and make sure to listen so we'll never, ever have to say bye,

bye, bye. Listen to Frosted Tips with Lance Bass on the iHeart radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts.