Stuff You Should Know - What makes us yawn?

Episode Date: April 25, 2013

What is it that makes us suddenly draw in a deep breath through a wide-open mouth? The beautiful thing about yawning is that researchers really don't know. Whether the answer is physical, mental or even contagious there is pretty much no chance you won't yawn during this episode. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Especially if you're selling something, Squarespace is everything to sell anything. They have the tools you need to get your business off the ground, including e-commerce templates, inventory management, a simple checkout process, and secure payments. Whatever you sell, Squarespace has merchandising features to make your products look their best online. So head on over to Squarespace.com slash S-Y-S-K for a free trial and when you're ready to launch, use offer code S-Y-S-K to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. Welcome to Stuff You Should Know from HowStuffWorks.com. Hey and welcome to the podcast, I'm Josh Clark with Charles W. Chuck Bryant. You getting comfy? Yeah. Okay, well you put the two of us together and this is Stuff You Should Know, the podcast. Frank, uh, was squeaking. I thought I was in Frank. Oh, was that Frank? Yeah.

Oh, sorry, I'm in Francine. Oh, okay. Sorry, Francine, just squeaking. You are in Frank. Who are you? That's Bill, the chair. Uh, people have never heard this or like, what are they talking about? Oh, they've already turned off. We name our chairs, people. That and everyone. You name cars, boats, and chairs. Yeah, a surprising amount of people name chairs. If you don't, you should be paranoid because people are talking about you. That's right. Um, Chuck. Yes. Have you ever oscillated? I have. I've even, uh, pendiculated. You've pendiculated before? I pendiculate every morning. You know what? We sound like, um, people running for the Senate in 1950s, Florida.

Yeah, there's like, Florida has a rich history of, um, like people running for political office using technical terms for things that sound way worse than they are to like smear their opponents. Really? Yeah. There's this one guy who went and I can thank Uncle John and his bathroom readers for this, um, who went after his opponent and said that his sister was a thespian in New York. And like all these people were like boo boo. I hate actors. Yeah. And, uh, apparently the smear campaign was successful. That wasn't the only one, but this guy used that couple, a couple of technical terms. We should probably tell people what we're talking about, right? Because you said you pendiculate every morning. Easily every morning. And that is a what? That is a yawn and a stretch combined together and is one of my favorite things to do in the morning. It is. Did you, did you see that painting of the, it was a self portrait, the artist's self portrait. It seemed like it was from like the 16th or 17th century of him.

Pandiculating. It's just this awesome oil painting of this, you know, Renaissance man stretching and yawning. Yeah, I love it because it feels good. Yeah. And it, uh, it ties me to my pets, you know, because like I see them do it. They see me do it and I'm kind of like, Hey, we all eat, we all pee in poop and we all pendiculate. My little cattle stretch and yawn. My dogs will stretch and yawn and I will stretch and yawn. So do you guys make one another stretch and yawn? You know, I'm going to start looking out for that because I have not noticed that, but apparently yawning can be contagious to animals, right? Yeah, there's a fun little game you can play. Dogs supposedly chimps for sure. But probably not cats. I don't know. Yeah.

Just because it's not in here doesn't mean it's not true. Um, there's a fun little game you can play the next time you're hanging out with people. If you feel like manipulating them on a biological level, just yawn and just start paying attention to how many people yawn as a result. And it should start some sort of chain reaction among maybe 40 to 50% of the people because that's the statistic of how many human adults yawn in reaction to seeing somebody yawn, seeing videos somebody yawn, hearing about somebody yawning, reading about yawning. Like how many times did you yawn while you read this article? A bunch and people will probably yawn while listening to this supposedly. It's pretty much impossible not to.

Whoever, this just really shows how deeply disturbed I am. I will not, I will suppress or cover up a yawn if someone else has made me yawn sometimes just so I don't give them the satisfaction. Oh yeah, I've done that before too. Sometimes it's like, no, I'm not yawn. Like just some stranger on an elevator though yawn. Yeah. And I'll just be like, no, not me buddy. One of those people who don't realize that like they're just your mortal enemy for no real good reason. Yeah. When in fact they really don't even know he exists.

Right. So yawning is involuntary. Yeah. And I've seen a range of weeks that a fetus has been observed yawning from 11 to 20. And that sort of disproves one of the, well many things disproves one of the theories which is that we yawn to oxygenate ourselves. Yeah, because a lot of people think that fetuses breathe amniotic fluid in the womb and that is absolutely not true. Right. They get their oxygen to the umbilical cord.

Yeah. So they're clearly not yawning to oxygenate themselves. Right. And we'll debunk that with other things in a minute. Sure. But still it is a little bit of a mystery though. Like, yeah, the other ideas for why we yawn don't really hold up in the fetus either. It feels like that's where the key to the mystery of yawning is going to be found.

In the fetus? In the womb. All right. Should we go over some theories then? Well hold on. First you were saying it's involuntary. I found this one thing Chuck, that there's a type of paralysis, like a lesion on the brain. Uh-huh.

Where you can still, if you yawn, you still pandiculate. So like your paralyzed arm, if you yawn deep enough, will raise, will rise. Really? Yeah. Wow. Pretty weird, huh? Yeah. There's only been a few cases of it over like the last 150 years, but it's been documented in a number of different places.

Huh. Yeah. That's a surprise. Yeah, seriously. They're like, can I be tired more often? Yeah. Um, so when you yawn, just physiologically speaking, you're going to open your mouth. You're going to suck in air into your lungs.

I read one place that your eyes usually close. They did this big study and found that most time your eyes close, but I don't think it's like all the time, you know? That's sneezing, you're thinking of. No, they did a study on the eyes of the yawner. Well, that's part of the yawn too, as far as cues go. Like it's not just the mouth opening, your eyes squint. Yeah.

And I found like the really good deep yawn, my eyes will generally close. Gotcha. So you're going to flex your abs. It's good workout. It's going to push your diaphragm down. You're going to fill your lungs with air and then exhale. And that is a yawn. That's a yawn.

Stretch your bandicule. Yeah. Also, parts of your brain become active, right? Basically, what happens when you go through all this process, a bunch of neurotransmitters and dopamine are activated. And that is why a guy named Robert Provine thinks, well, he says that yawns are basically a part of a change from one state of arousal to another. Yeah.

Like I was asleep, now I'm awake or I was alert, now I'm bored. Right. Or I was like just ho-hum and now I'm like in the mood because you can yawn when you're sexually aroused. Oh, that mood. Yes. The mood. The mood.

Sorry. The Glenn Miller mood. Yeah. That's what they had to call it back then. And that's what we have to call it today on this Family Friendly Podcast. That's right. Yeah. And what's going on too, is physiologically speaking, is we are distributing something called

a surfactant, which sounds gross, and it kind of is. Okay. It's a wedding agent to coat alveoli in the lungs. But are they saying that's what happens or that's why it happens? That's what happens. Okay. They're not saying the reason is to coat the alveoli with surfactant, right? It could be.

I mean, for all we know. Does that still don't know? I have no idea what function yawning provides. Same with the yawning as a symbol of arousal or as a sign of arousal. They think that it's really just a byproduct of it. Right. You know? Okay.

But it explains why people who are nervous or dogs, I'm sure you've seen dogs who are nervous and they yawn in like that really kind of weird, unsettling way. Yeah, yeah. When they're super worked up. Yeah. Yeah. And humans too. You know, like people will yawn when they're nervous.

It's a sign that you're in a state of arousal. Yeah. And what that state of arousal is depends on the situation. Yeah. They point to Olympians who yawn before like a race. Yeah. And which poo-poo's one theory that we're going to get to the theory. Should we just get to the theories?

Let's get to the theory. It poo-poo's that theory though that you have to be bored or you have to be sleepy or tired. Yeah. Like there's the boredom theory and it's kind of been pretty fully shot down just by, you know, casual observation. There's also the physiological theory. Yeah. Which is that, this is the one that I'd always heard when I was younger, like why are you

yawn is because you need to, you're oxygen deprived or you have an abundance of carbon dioxide. So you're drawn in a bunch of oxygen and like putting out a bunch of carbon dioxide. Right. That's why you're yawn. And a povine or a provine that you mentioned. Yeah. He tested this one, right?

Yeah. Pretty simply. They will, let's just give some athletes a bunch of oxygen and see if they, if they breathe, if they yawn any less and they didn't. Right. He also increased the carbon dioxide in the ambient air and people still kept yawning. Okay. So that one's gone.

But they didn't yawn anymore. Yeah. So we can put that to bed. Yeah. Plus also there was a terrible proof associated with that hypothesis that explains why people yawn in groups. Because when you have a big group, there's more carbon dioxide and less oxygen. And that's like you're all fighting over the oxygen, right?

So you're yawning. They're yawning. Yeah. Whoever can yawn the deepest lives. Yeah. That doesn't sound right. Evolution could play a part. Some people think that maybe we used to yawn, took took would yawn to bear his teeth to

intimidate folks around him or that it developed as a signal, took took would give a signal to his mates that, hey, we got a, we're hunting now and we need to go now gather wood. So I will yawn to tell you that. Yeah. Like pre-speech, right? Yeah. Like a bird turning the whole flock. Yeah.

That makes a little bit of sense, but I still don't believe that one. I'm with the brain cooling theory. That's like the most recent one. Yeah. That seems to be the one that people are subscribing to. Yeah, scientists generally are leaning toward the fact that when our brains are warmer, yawning might cool it down and a cool brain is a more, whatever, a better brain, I guess. I should say I just.

Does better for thinking. I just yawned. Did you? I did. Okay. I didn't see it. Well, I covered my mouth. You may have thought I was burping.

I think I did. So the brain cooling theory, that's the one that most people think is lately. Yeah. That's the. That's the hot theory. Explanation du jour, yeah. There's another piece of research that people are going into that is the idea that contagious yawning is the result of empathy, right?

That you. Yeah. That you empathize. The more you empathize with other people, the more susceptible you are to contagious yawning. And we said earlier that like, I think 41 to 55% of human adults are susceptible to contagious yawning, right? Which the mythbusters confirmed, by the way.

Okay. So there is some sort of link between what we perceive as empathy and the susceptibility to yawning when you see somebody else yawn or reading about yawning or whatever. I wonder if it's like, oh boy, that guy's tired. Let me make him feel better. Well, the Provine, again, he's like really into yawning research. He has done MRI scans where he shows, I guess, pictures of people yawning or talks about yawning and, you know, they yawn.

And when they do, he says that mirror neurons go off. Oh yeah, our old friends. Right. So our mirror neurons are activated when you see somebody else yawn. And apparently that triggers the yawn. But people take it a step further in this quest to prove that empathy and contagious yawning are, you know, work hand in hand and saying, well, then people with autism, that they shouldn't be able to be susceptible to contagious yawning because they're known to have less empathy.

Right. They have trouble connecting with others or they have trouble developing what's called a theory of mind about other people. And there have been a lot of studies about whether or not people who are, people who have autism are contagious to susceptible to contagious yawning. And it's been proven, not proven, but at least the data says that the more, the stronger your autism, the less you will yawn, even though they will yawn when someone's pretending to yawn.

Was that what it was? I didn't see that part. Yeah. I think it said that when they're watching video of people just moving their mouths, then non-autistic kids yawn more than kids with autism when it was really yawning. Does that make sense? Yes. Well, hold on.

Before we get to that. Yeah. Because this is like a whole thing to me. Sure. The idea that if you have autism, you're not susceptible to contagious yawning. Yeah. Let's, let's first have a message break from our sponsor. Stuff is should go.

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podcasts. Okay, Josh, so I believe we're talking about autism and yawning, which is, I just learned a thing for you. Well, yeah, you said that there was, um, they have found that if you have been diagnosed with autism, you're less likely to be susceptible to contagious yawning, right? And they found that the higher on the autism spectrum, you fall the less lucky you would even be, right? Yeah, which would suggest that there is that link because they've tied out.

There's a link between, uh, empathy and, uh, an autism and empathy and contagious yawning. So this autism and studying kids with autism is kind of like the fulcrum. Sure. So yeah, it just seems to me to be kind of, um, I don't know, I don't, I don't buy all of the studies that have been carried out and other studies kind of contradict it. Yeah. Like they, they, other studies have shown that like kids with autism focus on people's mouths rather than their eyes.

So maybe they're missing the cue. Remember, we said that your eyes scrunch. So like a yawn is not just people opening their mouths. Right. It has all these other facial characteristics that might trigger a yawn in another person. So maybe kids with autism are simply missing that. So you're saying maybe the data could be skewed by other factors. It could be plus, I just remember when I wrote this article, like years back, I was kind

of like, yeah, there's just, it seems just slightly off. Like, yeah. You got a good gut though. Well, thanks man. I've been working on it. So bad. Um, well, we should also mention too that this goes back a long way. Like, uh, I believe was it Hippocrates?

Yeah. He was the first person to start sort of postulating ideas and he was like, uh, he thought was fever related like sickness that could help cure you. So I got a fever and the only prescription is more yawning. Yeah. That's why he was the father of medicine. That's right. Because he was the first guy to just start saying stuff.

But you know, that was pretty quickly disproving. Right. So the idea that yawning has something to do with, um, increasing our alertness and awareness, which is kind of one of the current views of yawning, um, that dates back to the 17th and 18th centuries. Yeah. Well, it increases your heart rate during inhalation only, um, not during, uh, the, I think it, it increases and then levels off and then just drops back down to normal pretty

quickly. I got you. Yeah. So that's a per minute increase, right? Yeah. I read a real heady article on the study that really just made my eyes cross, but that was the long and short of it, right? But that's one that dealt with the eyes.

Like they really measured all kinds of stuff. Uh, and we said that fetuses from 11 to 20 weeks of development, yawn in, uh, utero. And did you see any of like the, um, 4d ultrasounds of fetuses yawning? Is it adorable? It's pretty cute, but it's also weird at the same time because they're not fully developed. It's just like, aww, you took a little baby platypus kind of, um, but you have to be around age four before you, um, can, uh, you're susceptible to contagious yawning. Yeah.

Is there any way to put it besides susceptible to contagious yawning? I don't think so. Why do you feel like you've said that like 80 times a lot and I've had trouble with it every time too. Uh, there's another couple of researchers, uh, who a couple of years ago, um, Andrew Gallop and Omar Tonsi Eldakar, uh, they found that outside temperature could affect the amount of yawning. So if it's warmer than usual, then you're going to yawn less frequently because, um,

their explanation is the outside air is useless to the organism because it doesn't need to suck in more oxygen. I don't get how the temperature would affect that though. Well, if it's warmer temperature and you're using the cooler air to cool your brain, if it's warmer than the temperature of your brain, then it should work. Okay. That makes sense. Yeah.

All right. Well, they had other tests though. That's that showed that, uh, the amount of yawning increased both, uh, when outside temperature and the temperature of the brain increase. Yeah. It's all over the place. No, no one knows anything about yawning except Robert Provine, the foremost leading authority. Well, he's proven that like seeing or hearing about somebody yawning, it triggers your mirror

on. So. Yeah. I think somebody should do a documentary on these people that, uh, become obsessed with yawns. No, just like a certain small thing. So you're yawning right now. Um, and that was unsatisfying cause you made me laugh in the middle of it.

I think like fast chief and out of control up talked about it before. Errol Morris's documentary sort of did that, but that was about like studying naked mole rats or lion taming or, um, what's it called when you, uh, clip the hedges. Indicator theory, gardening, yeah, but someone, they should do things that are even more like mundane, like this dude that is dedicated his life to yawning. I just think that'd be interesting. Like what drives Provine to figure this out when it really doesn't matter. You know what I'm saying?

Well, I don't know because in it's not just yawning. He frequently is cited as a yawning expert. He's an evolutionary biologist. Oh, okay. So like, but yawning, since it's involuntary and since you find it in all vertebrates, it kind of gives some peek into our evolutionary past. Plus, it probably just loves a good mystery. Sure.

He had a great quote too. We were talking about how arousal yawning is a, is a byproduct of a state of arousal. He was saying that he believes that, um, yawns and orgasms share a neuro behavioral heritage. Oh, really? Yeah. So like they're possibly rooted in the same behavior. Like remember you said to yourself when you pendiculate, it feels good. Uh huh.

It's the same, you know, with the orgasm. Yeah. So I've heard those feel great. Right. So possibly if you trace the, the lineage of this behavior back far enough, you'd see like, oh, they both came from when humans used to stub their toe, they thought it was awesome. And then the things diverged into these two things.

Interesting. Into, uh, yawning and what happens when you're in the mood? The Glenn Miller mood. Right. Uh, you got anything else? No man. He's yawning forever until somebody figures it out. It's a mystery.

Yeah. And I kind of like it like that. But at the same time, I think it, it's so amorphous that there's no, no one has a clue. Like sometimes we've talked about stuff that science couldn't fully explain, but we almost always like pick a theory. Like this is the one. Yeah. It just hasn't been proven yet.

Right. This one, I don't feel like we did that. Like we both like the brain cooling one, but it was kind of discarded. Yeah. So I'm definitely going to keep an eye on my pets. But then I don't know if like, can you induce that just by noticing more, you know, you know what I'm saying? Or maybe what I'll do is I'll watch Emily around the pets.

So no one's in on it. Just be careful. You don't accidentally, uh, change their behaviors by observing it. Heisenbergs. Well, Buckley farts every time he stretches too. See? That's what I'm saying. We'll see if Emily farts while she fendiculates, that'll be the test.

Nice. Um, so, okay, I think, uh, if you guys want to learn more about yawning, you can type that word into the search bar at house2forks.com. And since I said search bar, it means it's time for listener mail. Uh, not quite yet, my friend. We have a quick word from our sponsor again, and then we will, we have a great listener mail though about Rodriguez. So.

Oh yeah. Yeah. Okay. All right. Let's take a break. The war on drugs impacts everyone, whether or not you take drugs. America's public enemy number one is drug abuse. This podcast is going to show you the truth behind the war on drugs.

They told me that I would be charged for conspiracy to distribute, uh, 2,200 pounds of marijuana. Yeah. And they can do that without any drugs on the table. Without any drugs. Of course. Yes. They can do that. And I'm a prime example of that.

The war on drugs is the excuse our government uses to get away with absolutely insane stuff. Stuff that'll piss you off. The property is guilty. Exactly. And it starts as guilty. It starts as guilty. The cops. Are they just like looting?

Are they just like pillaging? They just have way better names for what they call, like what we would call a jack move or being robbed. They call civil acid. Be sure to listen to the war on drugs on the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. How's that New Year's resolution coming along? You know, the one you made about paying off your pesky credit card debt and finally starting

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And it's our goal to provide the information and encouragement you need to do it. We keep the show fresh by answering listener questions, interviewing experts and focusing on the relevant financial news that you need to know about. Our show is chock full of the personal finance knowledge that you need with guidance three times a week. And we talk about debt payoff. If let's say you've had a particularly spend thrift holiday season, we also talk about building up your savings, intelligent investing and growing your income, no matter where you

are on your financial journey, how to money has got your back. Millions of listeners have trusted us to help them achieve their financial goals. Ensure that your resolution turns into ongoing progress. Listen to how to money on the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. Okay. And now it's time for listener mail, huh? Yes.

And I already gave it away because I wanted people to stick around for this and it is called, I hung out with Rodriguez. Wow. This is Rodriguez, the singer, songwriter from the sixties who unbeknownst to him was a huge, huge hit in South America and no, South Africa, but it's a South American South Africa and then like down there ones on the left ones on the right and then later on Australia and so we covered that in our apartheid podcast and you can see the documentary searching for Sugar Man, it's super interesting.

Which one, best documentary this year, right? Yeah, heck yeah. Have you seen How to Survive a Plague? That was up for Best Picture 2. No. Best documentary? Yes. Was it good?

Yeah, it was really good. It was, it's about the early gay, like AIDS awareness movement and like it's just what they were up against is mind boggling, you know, like the idea of society was just kind of like, no, God's punishing you. Right. Wow. Geez. Yeah, it was really something.

I saw, we'll go ahead. Our friend Stuart of Superhuman Happiness, who they're fans of the show, he scored the soundtrack. Oh, nice. And he did a really good job with it too. We'll have to check that out. Yeah. I saw another trailer the other day for a documentary about this family of Jews who hid in an underground

for a year and a half during World War II and they never told their story because they didn't think anyone would believe it and this caving cave diver, not cave diver, caving guy found these human objects and traced them back to this family and they came out like the surviving ones like told their story of is amazing. Wow. What's it called? It's called No Place on Earth. Cool.

And it's coming out soon. It's awesome. All right. Well, there you go, everybody. We like to recommend documentaries around here. Okay, Rodriguez. Guys, it's so fun to hear you talk about Rodriguez because I've known him a little bit in there. I'm glad he's getting recognition.

And here is a story about the first day I met him. September 2007, I moved into a 101-year-old apartment building in the Cass Corridor neighborhood of Detroit. It was a bar across the street called the Bronx and after getting moved in, my boyfriend and I went over there and had a night of celebrating and talking with some old and new friends. Our friend Dale pointed out this dude wearing all black with sunglasses on and said, you know, Rodriguez, that guy over there is bigger than Elvis in South Africa. In Australia, I didn't understand the gravity of a statement at the time.

Being friendly people, we talked late into the night with Dale and Rodriguez. The bar closed. We decided to walk back across the street to our new apartment and Rodriguez followed us out with his guitar and toe. It was very quiet out about three in the morning. The apartment building was U-shaped with a big courtyard in the middle and low lighting. It was really beautiful. There was a single picnic table and we sat there on it talking more and more.

Rodriguez pulled out a pint of brandy, offered us some and then asked if we wanted to hear his new song. He just written it the other day. He said, sure, because he seemed so incredibly excited about it. He played the song for us and played it again, which I thought was interesting. He played it twice. So did you like that? You want to hear it again?

Wait before you answer. Let me play it a second time. And then we talked some more about music and love and he played it once again. No way. I guess he played it three times. I saw him many, many times over the next few years and met his middle daughter as well. He played the same song every time. But I'll never forget sitting under the stars all alone with him in a majestic old Detroit

courtyard giving my boyfriend and me a private concert of a single song. That's cool. Played thrice and passing the cheap brandy. He really is. It's kind and happy of a soul as the movie says. That's cool. When you watch Searching for Sugarman, you can see a couple of people talking to the bronze bar and even see my old apartment in the background.

I hope I see you guys soon. Love, Julia. Well, thanks, Julia. Hat tip to you for being aware of the word thrice and for, I guess, waiting out the storm in Detroit. Yeah. And for listening to that song three times like very patient and understanding. Right.

With that smile plastered on your face the last time. Yeah. Very cool memory, I imagine. Let's see if you have a story about any sort of famous singer-songwriter, filmmaker, anybody. Remember the guy who hung out with Henry Hill and became really disenchanted as a result? Yeah. Yeah. If you have a good story like that, we're always in the mood for a good yarn, especially

if it's true. You can tweet to us if it's a really, really short story to SYSK Podcast. That's our handle, the whole thing. You can join us on facebook.com slash stuff you should know. All one word. That's our Facebook page. You can send us an email to stuffpodcast.discovery.com and friends, romance, countrymen. Go to our website.

What is your problem? It's called stuffyoushouldknow.com. For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit HowStuffWorks.com. The war on drugs is the excuse our government uses to get away with absolutely insane stuff. Stuff that'll piss you off. The cops. Are they just like looting? Are they just like pillaging?

They just have way better names for what they call like what we would call a jack move or being robbed, they call civil answer for it. Be sure to listen to the war on drugs on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. Hola, qué tal mi gente. It's Chiquis from Chiquis and Chill Podcast. Welcome to the show. I talk about anything and everything.

I did have a miscarriage when I was 19 years old and that's why I'm a firm believer and an advocate of therapy and counseling. The person that you saw on stage, the person that you saw in interviews, that was my mother offstage. Acompañame every Monday on my podcast, Chiquis and Chill, available on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcast or wherever you get your podcasts.