Tangle - The U.S. measles outbreaks.

Episode Date: January 28, 2026

Last week, South Carolina officials reported that measles is transmitting rapidly in the state, with 789 confirmed cases so far. South Carolina is the fifth state to accumulate at least 100 measles cases since January 2025, joining Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas (where the first cases in 2025 were reported). During the current outbreaks, over 150 children have been hospitalized with measles; two children and one adult (all unvaccinated) have died from measles complications, the first such deaths in the U.S. in a decade.Ad-free podcasts are here!To listen to this podcast ad-free, and to enjoy our subscriber only premium content, go to ReadTangle.com to sign up!We’re doing a deep dive.One of the most frequently asked questions from readers over the last few weeks has been about the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) hiring and training practices. We’re putting together a story to better understand exactly what that process looks like, and the experience for agents on the ground. If you or anyone you know works for DHS, or its enforcement arms of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Patrol (CBP), we’d love to talk with you and learn more. Just drop us a line on Signal by searching our username @tanglenews.96 or clicking the link here (you’ll have to download the app to message). You can also reach out to [e-mail] can read today's podcast⁠ ⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠, our “Under the Radar” story ⁠here and today’s “Have a nice day” story ⁠here⁠.You can subscribe to Tangle by clicking here or drop something in our tip jar by clicking here. Take the survey: What do you think of the measles outbreaks? Let us know.Our Executive Editor and Founder is Isaac Saul. Our Executive Producer is Jon Lall.This podcast was written by: Ari Weitzman and audio edited and mixed by Dewey Thomas. Music for the podcast was produced by Diet 75.Our newsletter is edited by Managing Editor Ari Weitzman, Senior Editor Will Kaback, Lindsey Knuth, Bailey Saul, and Audrey Moorehead. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

From executive producer Isaac Saul, this is Tangle. Good morning, good afternoon, and good evening, and welcome to the Tangle podcast, the place where you get views from across the political spectrum, some independent thinking, and a little bit of our take. I'm your host for today, Tangle managing editor Ari Weitzman, which means the odds that you're about to hear some numbers just went up. Today, we're going to be talking about the measles outbreaks across the United States and the association between them or the lack thereof with vaccination rates. Before we get started, though, I have a call to action, a bit of a request to share with Tangle readers and listeners. Lately, one of the most popular questions that we've gotten from our readers has been about the Department of Homeland Security's hiring and training practices, specifically their practices

at their enforcement arms of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, and Customs and Border Patrol or CBP. We're putting together a story to better understand exactly what their hiring processes look like and the experience for agents on the ground. If you or anyone you know works for DHS or ICE or CBP, we'd love to talk to you and learn more. We'd love it if you got in touch with us over Signal. Our username is tanglenews.960.

That's tangal news.96 at Signal, and we're leaving a link to that in the showdowns. All right, I'm going to send it over for today's quick hits. Then I'll be back for the rest of the show. Here are today's quick hits. According to a government report sent to Congress, two U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents fired their weapons during the shooting of Alex Priddy in Minneapolis on Saturday. The report does not state whether Priddy's firearm discharged at any point,

during the encounter. Separately, House Democrats said they will begin impeachment proceedings against Homeland Security Secretary Christy Noem if President Donald Trump does not remove her. Number two, Border Patrol agents shot and wounded a man in Arizona. Officials said they were attempting to apprehend the man as a suspect in a human trafficking investigation when he fled and began firing at agents and a Border Patrol helicopter. Number three, during a town hall, a man's sprayed Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota with an unknown substance. Omar said she was unharmed

and continued with the town hall. Number four, the families of two Trinidadian men who were killed in a U.S. strike on a boat allegedly trafficking drugs sued the U.S. government for wrongful death and extrajudicial killing. It is the first such lawsuit filed in federal court related to the Trump administration's boat strikes. Finally, number five, India and the European Union agreed to a free trade deal that will eliminate or reduce tariffs on most goods traded between the economies. Tonight, the massive South Carolina measles outbreak surging. Infections nearly doubling in a week, now up to 558, more than 500 others quarantined. We have right now the largest outbreak in the U.S., and it's going to get worse before it gets better. Last week, South Carolina officials reported

that measles is transmitting rapidly in the state, with 789 confirmed cases so far. South Carolina is the fifth state to accumulate at least 100 measles cases since January 2025, joining Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas, where the first cases in 2025 were reported. During the current outbreaks, over 150 children have been hospitalized with measles. Two children and one adult, all unvaccinated, have died from measles complications, the first such deaths in the U.S. in a decade. Measles is a highly contagious airborne viral infection, characterized by a high fever, cough, runny nose, and a blotchy rash.

Once a common childhood disease, scientific advancements have mitigated its incidence and severity. Most people who contract measles recover within 10 days, but severe cases can be deadly for those with weakened immune systems, including children under five. In January, measles was reported in a largely unvaccinated Mennonite community in West Texas. The disease spread from there, with 762 cases in Texas reported by August, growing into the largest single outbreak of measles in the United States since 2000, when the disease was declared eliminated

in the country. The Texas outbreak ended in August, but cases continued to be reported in other states. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a total of the United States, a total of 2,255 measles cases were confirmed in the United States in 2025, marking the worst year for measles in over two decades. So far in 2006, the CDC has confirmed 416 cases across 14 jurisdictions. To maintain its elimination status, the United States must demonstrate that transmissions of the disease were not sustained across outbreaks.

The World Health Organization defines elimination as 12 consecutive, months without sustained transmission. If the U.S. loses its elimination status, it will join Spain, Austria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, the United Kingdom, and Canada as nations that have lost their elimination status in the past year. Leaders at the Department of Health and Human Services have downplayed the current outbreaks. Quote, it's just the cost of doing business with our borders being somewhat porous for global and international travel.

Ralph Abraham, principal deputy director at the CDC, said, despite the American Academy of Pediatrics, recently breaking from the CDC over its vaccination schedule, both bodies still recommend parents provide their children with the MMR, measles mumps and rebella vaccine. Recent outbreaks in the U.S. and across the globe have reignited debates over childhood vaccinations. According to CDC data, 93% of confirmed measles cases in 2025 occurred in individuals who did not receive

the measles vaccine or whose vaccination status is unknown. Many vaccine skeptics frame the choice to forego the vaccine as a personal decision, while proponents stress that at least 95% of the population must vaccinate to provide herd immunity to those who are medically unable to vaccinate. Today we'll get into what the right, left, and scientific community are saying about the measles outbreak. Then managing editor Ari Weitzman gives his take. We'll be right back after the...

quick break. Here's what the left is saying. The left worries that more outbreaks are coming, and top health leaders are not meeting the moment. Some argue this outcome is a result of RFK Jr.'s messaging about vaccines. In the Washington Post, Leanna S. Wen called the return of measles a public health tragedy. Time will tell how many more people will become infected and fall seriously ill in this outbreak. What's certain is that this outbreak will not be the last. At least 15 states, have proposed legislation to loosen vaccine requirements. In Texas, lawmakers have already introduced more than 20 such bills this year. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. refuses to disavow the debunked theory that MMR is linked to autism. And among the several thousand Department of Health and Human

Services employees terminated in Elon Musk's purge of government agencies are those tasked with disease investigation and outbreak response. It's been said that vaccines are a victim of their own success. Indeed, younger generations fail to appreciate the extraordinary benefit of vaccines because they have never seen the lethal illnesses that vaccines help avert. One can only hope that parents learn this lesson before more children are infected and suffer the consequences of measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases. In Scientific American, Dan Vergano criticized the brainwashing campaign that is measles misinformation. Why is this happening? An April poll on measles' beliefs from the health policy-centered Kaiser Family Foundation tells us. One quarter of the

1,380 people surveyed believe the false notion that the measles vaccine causes autism. Some 19% mistakenly believe the vaccine is more dangerous than the deadly virus it prevents. This is a shameful mass propaganda campaign, unfolding in real-time championed by our top health official. We are on the brink of an epidemic, one that could make millions of people sick with measles each year. and this is all being done for political and personal gain with children as the collateral damage. In 2024, Trump brought RFK Jr., whom he once accused of being a fake anti-vaxxer, onto his campaign precisely for his anti-medical establishment credentials. Kennedy's views, steadily peddled on right-wing outlets,

attracted measles vaccine-douting voters. It was a classic case of, if you can't beat him online about vaccines, give him control of the nation's public health apparatus. For the politicians and the grifters who pump out this dangerous dishonesty, these deaths don't matter so long as they get the votes. For everyone else, the deadly spread of measles is the dismal future they now promise our kids. Now here's what the right is saying. Many on the right are also concerned about the outbreak and say public health officials are fueling vaccine skepticism.

Some suggest the severity of the outbreak. is being overstated. The Wall Street Journal editorial board wrote about measles as a cost of doing business. Asked by the press this week if he's worried about the measles outbreaks, CDC principal deputy director, Ralph Abraham, recently appointed

by Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., shrugged. Not really, he replied. You know, it's just the cost of doing business with our borders being somewhat poorest and global and international travel. Not really. fewer than 2% of U.S. cases have been imported from abroad.

But outbreaks happen when vaccination rates fall below the levels needed to maintain herd immunity, which is about 95%. The kindergarten vaccination rate in South Carolina was 91% during the 2024-2020-school year. Outbreaks have increased because childhood immunizations have declined since the pandemic. Mr. Kennedy has fueled vaccine distrust, even saying the vaccine causes disabilities and death like the virus. It doesn't. Like his boss, Dr. Abraham claims people should be free not to vaccinate children. Problem with this line is that unvaccinated children can sick in infants and immunocompromised children who can't be inoculated, leaving some disabled or worse. In a better administration,

government leaders would explain this to parents rather than brush aside serious illnesses as consequential. In hot air, David Strom criticized the left's framing of the measles outbreak. If you compare measles rates in the United States with those of our peer countries, including Canada, France, and Germany, we have the lowest per capita rate, and the number of cases is so low that natural fluctuations of a few cases per year can make the shifts appear huge. Germany and the United States have comparable rates, with extremely few cases in any given year. As for the rates of increase, natural variations account for that.

Although, until a trend can be established, we can't rule out the possibility that RFK Jr.'s skepticism might affect future cases. But certainly, there is no evidence of that yet. How do I know? In 2025, Canada's per capita rate for measles was 125 per 1 million, while the U.S.'s rate was 5.6 per 1 million. In other words, Canada currently has a rate 25 times higher than the United States, suggesting that something other than a few months of vaccine skepticism is at work in the variation. I prefer an actual scientific approach. where all the costs and benefits of each jab is examined and weighed. The vaccine schedule as a whole is examined to determine whether there is a better and safer way to give vaccines.

And above all, consent only follows complete information provided to parents and other patients. Now here is what medical experts are saying. Some experts say the outbreak will continue to spiral without a better public health approach. Others suggest the challenge of containing infectious diseases, is rooted in the independence of state health agencies. In the New York Times in April 2025, Dr. Michael Mina, an epidemiologist and immunologist, wrote, I'm terrified we're headed for an epidemic.

Measles is among the most contagious viruses known. Infants too young for vaccination, immune-compromise people, and the elderly are all at risk. Measles isn't just a fever and rash. It can cause pneumonia, brain inflammation, permanent disability, and death. The current measles outbreak, with more than 480 cases, largely in unvaccinated children, is gearing up to be the worst in years, and it's likely just the beginning.

Recent studies estimate that more than 9 million American children are susceptible to measles. 3.6 million infants are too young to be vaccinated, and millions of immunocompromised Americans can't safely receive the vaccine. For infants under one who aren't yet eligible for MMR vaccination, and who live in areas where measles is spreading, which is a rapidly expanding list. It's worth asking your pediatrician about getting the first dose early, as young as six months. Instead of focusing on getting people measles vaccines, Mr. Kennedy is putting resources into a study into vaccine autism links. Public health depends on public trust.

And when that trust is broken, when people start to see vaccines as personal choices without regard to public health or worse as threat, diseases like measles come roaring back. In Medpage Today, Nathaniel Mamo, Dridi Jagadish, and Arthur Kaplan said science has been lost amid politics and patchwork state health policy. Also beginning in a small religious community, this year's measles outbreak emerged in a West Texas Mennonite community with low vaccine coverage. The case rate has surpassed 2019s and continues to rise, fueled by decreased measles vaccination rates and nationwide spread to nearly every state.

While a state may only set public health policies for its residents, the implications extend to the rest of the country. Infectious disease follows people, not borders. Naturally, it should be the federal government's role to moderate policy differences between jurisdictions, and yet, ours does not. The explanation is not a lack of power, but of authority. Despite the seemingly mighty stature of federal health agencies,

they have little authority over state health departments. States operate health systems largely independent of the federal government, and sometimes directly against. Increasingly, as the nation's politics have polarized, public health has become a way of asserting political priorities, giving public health the appearance that it is a matter of ideology and not objectivity. This was on full display during the pandemic and has come to define American public health today. All right, that is it for what the level,

right and medical experts are saying. Now I'm going to pass it over to managing editor Ari Weitzvin for his take. All right, that's it for what the left, right, and medical experts are saying, which leads me to my take. If you've listened to the opinions that John read earlier, and I hope you did, you would have heard a lot of consensus about the effectiveness of the MMR vaccine to prevent measles. However, you probably didn't hear a lot of engagement with the points made by those who are skeptical or outright opposed the vaccines. So in my take today, I'd like to jump straight to addressing those concerns. First, I want to acknowledge the mindset that leads people to the reasonable position of being skeptical about vaccines. Imagine that you have a friend who lost a child

under the age of one to an unknown cause. Imagine the pain and confusion that comes with such a tragedy and the desperate desire for answers that follows. That process, of looking for answers, they'll probably look different for everyone. But for a person scouring their own choices for blame, looking into vaccines, often the most obvious medical intervention a child receives after birth is a natural starting point. For many people who are in that situation,

page after page of Google searches, telling them they're misguided for being skeptical, won't settle their concerns. Instead, comfort comes from the first believable person who says, you're not crazy. Vaccines are dangerous and I can prove it. Today, the most prominent person delivering that message is Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Despite rejecting the label of anti-vaxxer, the health secretary has consistently defended the opinion to opt out of the MRR vaccine for years. Now, he offers that opinion with the government authority for vaccine skeptics to justify their decision.

Instead of dismissing Kennedy's argument out of hand, I want to address it directly. using a 2019 article authored by Kennedy in Children's Health Defense, written before his run for president and still representative of his views today. A response was individual points in his own words now. To quote Kennedy, CDC's mortality and morbidity data suggests that measles fatalities in the pre-vaccine era were one out of every 500,000 people population wide and one out of every 10,000 infected individuals. end quote. I have found plenty of sources to corroborate this claim. Before vaccines were made available to the public, measles killed 0.2 of every 100,000 people, or as Kennedy put it, one out of every 500,000. That's according to the 1962 paper that was cited by the source Kennedy used in his argument. But Kennedy does some slight of hand there, discussing the pre-vaccine mortality rates among infected people and among the general

population while omitting the current rates. The median general mortality rate of measles for each year this century is zero, meaning that in most years since 2000, nobody in the entire country died of measles. The maximum general mortality rate in that same time span, which was set last year in 2025, is one for every 170 million. That's only a 340-fold improvement on the pre-vaccine benchmark that Kennedy is towning. When you look at infected people, the mortality rate has been, as Kennedy claimed, about 1 in 10,000 people in the U.S. since 1962. And the mortality rate is roughly one out of every 1,000 infected children under 10.

Again, that data is according to Kennedy's own source, which is Physicians for Informed Consent. Physicians for informed consent is a group that has clearly designed some visuals that are intended to help you feel comfortable with this one out of every 1,000 infected children mortality rate and simultaneously nervous about the MMR vaccine. They note in a graph that we share in the newsletter, and that we'll link in the show notes, that mortality rate of 0.1% really pales in comparison to other mortality rates. In that context, compared to cancer's 2% mortality, 0.1% looks really small. But the difference, of course, is that you can't get inoculated at birth for cancer. And if you could, would you say, yeah, but I'm four times likely to die in a car accident, so what's the point?

No, obviously not, because the point is that fewer kids die. To quote Alexander Langmere, the author of the aforementioned 1962 paper that Kennedy is basing his claims on, quote, measles is a disease whose importance is not to be measured by total days disability or number of deaths, but rather by human values and by the fact that tools are becoming available which promise effective control and early eradication, end quote. Here's Kennedy's next point. And again, in his words, I quote, no one can say scientifically that any one of the 70 vaccine doses currently recommended for American children saves more lives than it costs.

that question can only be answered by studies that compare long-term health outcomes in vaccinated versus unvaccinated populations, end quote. When Kennedy says no one can say scientifically that a vaccine saves more lives than it costs, he really means to say that no one can say it definitively with certitude. But we can't say a lot of things with certitude. For instance, I haven't walked on the moon so I couldn't say definitively that I would feel lighter on its surface. However, a lot of finding scientifically support the belief that I would feel lighter on the moon. Similarly, many studies scientifically support the belief that the MMR vaccine prevents far more harm than it causes. In his demand for proof, Kennedy seems reasonable, but really, he is asking for

the moon. Or, to quote the national academies, such a large study would be prohibitively time-consuming and difficult. Here's Kennedy's next quote. Studies support an unconsciously, consumptomably high injury rate from MMR. Merck's own MMR pre-licensure studies found that 40% of children receiving the MMR vaccine suffered gastrointestinal illnesses within 42 days of the injection, and 55% suffered respiratory illnesses, symptoms that might persuade rational consumers to choose the infections over the vaccine. Here, Kennedy conflates injury with the symptoms outlined by the 1978 Merck study, which

found that upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections were reported in about 55% and 40% of vaccinase in two reviewed groups respectively. It also found a faint mesos-like rash in nine subjects and myotransiate arthagia in one. While these symptoms sound scary, these are common side effects of a live vaccination, though today they are much less common. They're also not long-term conditions that we might think of when we hear the term vaccine injury. Here's Kennedy's next point. 26% of post-pubertal females might develop arthritis and arthropology from the MMR vaccine. This is Mark Inflation.

According to a Johns Hopkins epidemiological review, adult women who took the MMR vaccine developed temporary arthritic and arthrologic symptoms. They did not actually develop arthritis. Here's a way to think about that. If my hands ache for a few days after getting the flu, the flu did not get. give me arthritis. I just had symptoms of arthritis. I just had arthritic symptoms that eventually went away. Next, from Kennedy, quote, a 2004 JAMA study found that an additional one in 640 children has seizures after MMR compared to unvaccinated children. About 5% of these will progress to epilepsy,

end quote. Again, temporary symptoms hear febrile seizures, which are not uncommon in infants already, are not the same as contracting a condition, here epilepsy. Kennedy supports his claim with a 2004 JAMA study. This is how that study concludes. MMR vaccination was associated with a transient increased rate of febrile seizures, but the risk difference was small, even in high-risk children. The long-term rate of epilepsy was not increased in children who had febrile seizures following vaccination compared with children who had febrile seizures of a different.

ediology. Kennedy's next claim is, quote, HHS's voluntary post-marketing surveillance program on vaccines, VAERS, or VAERS, reports over 89,000 adverse reactions to MMR through March 31st, 2018, including 445 deaths. However, VERS is a voluntary and notoriously an effective system. VERS captures, quote, fewer than 1% of vaccine injuries and, quote, according to a 2010 HHS funded study performed by another federal agency, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

If you multiply the known adverse events from the MMR by 100, you get 44,500 deaths and 8.9 million injuries, making the measles vaccine far worse than measles, end quote. Two things here. First, Kennedy gravely misinterprets the VERS data, Volunteers reported deaths or injuries after vaccination. They didn't, and they really can't report causation. They also can't be closely vetted.

In a classic example, Dr. James R. Lader said he filed a Vare's report that an influenza vaccine had turned him into the Hulk. The report remained in the database until Averas, after a discussion with Dr. Lader, asked if it could be deleted. So Kennedy's initial number of 450 is invalid. Second, Vares captures about 1% of non-serious events, not serious ones. To the contrary, roughly 25% of adverse reactions like anaphylaxis and Guillaume Barre's syndrome are reported to VERS. So Kennedy's multiplication by 100 is also invalid, making his claim of 44,500 vaccine-related deaths in 2018, just a pure fiction.

Lastly, Kennedy says this. Most anti-vaxxers are individuals who believe in the traditional liberal axiom that Americans should have sovereignty over their own bodies and that the government has no right to coerce healthy Americans to submit to a risky medical procedure. Here's my last point. Of course, everybody has a right to ask questions and make their own choices. And being nervous about vaccines is reasonable, but having bodily autonomy means having the choice to cooperate for a higher common good or let, your selfish fears persuade you. Kennedy is advocating for your fears, and he's using the language of patriotic idealism to do that. I can find an opposing and equally patriotic story to counter that with. Let's go back to the very founding of our country. After an audacious victory in Trenton in

1776, General George Washington's ragged continental army had to endure a brutal winter in Valley Forge, locked in a battle against an enemy Washington called 10 times more dangerous than Britons, Canadians, and Indians together. That enemy was smallpox, and the weapon Washington chose to fight it was equally audacious. Inoculation. Between 1777 and 1778, the forward-thinking Washington ordered a mass inoculation of continental soldiers. As a result, the Continental Army won its battle against smallpox and eventually the war. In 1777, urgency pushed Washington to supersede bodily autonomy for the sake of a common good and ultimately achieve the very birth of our nation. Today, in 2025, armed with access to a vaccine and information about its benefits, our nation's choice

is not an authoritarian leader's decision to make between mass bodily autonomy on one hand and the common good on another. Instead, it is an individual choice between that higher good and each of our own fear. You have bodily autonomy. We all do. The achievement of our predecessors granted us that rate. Now we must exercise it wisely. We'll be right back after this quick break. That's it for my take today, which brings us to your questions answered. Today's question comes from Donna in Columbus, Ohio. Donna asks, I keep hearing that Obama had deported 3 million illegal aliens during his presidency, and there were 37 deaths at the hand of ICE agents while they were in federal custody. No one seemed to care back then. I don't recall a

single protest. Is that true? Great question. According to DHS data from each year of Obama's term, roughly 3.1 million people who came to the U.S. illegally were removed from 2009 to 2016. The data varies from year to year, but it rounds to about 3 million. Notably, this number doesn't include returns, that is, migrants who were apprehended, but voluntarily agreed to leave the United States without going through legal proceedings. Additional context here is relevant too. Under Obama, more people were arriving at the border annually, and he focused most of his deportation efforts on people who had criminal histories or were recent arrivals. A list of ICE detainee death reports shows 36 deaths during Obama's presidency.

That figure includes death by natural causes, though at least one report from an immigrant rights group during the Obama administration suggested that several deaths in custody were due to medical negligence. For comparison, ICE's detainee death reporting lists 18 deaths in custody during fiscal year 2025, though some sources suggest that the true total is upwards of 32 for calendar year 2025.

Finally, while large protests over these deportations and deaths were not common at the time, Obama certainly faced scrutiny. He was dubbed Deporter-in-chief by immigrant rights activists, and his treatment of illegal immigrants became a major fault line among Democrats, drawing harsh criticism from members of his own party in Congress. And here is today's Under the Radar Story. This week, the first in a series of trials scrutinizing the impact of social media on young users began in Los Angeles, California. The plaintiff in the first case is a 20-year-old woman who joined several social media platforms as a child and says she became addicted to them, leading to anxiety and depression.

She alleges that these social media companies purposely designed the addictive features and caused direct harm to users. In total, nine cases related to social media and addiction are expected to go to trial in Los Angeles. In another set of cases scheduled for this summer in Oakland, California, school districts and states will argue social media is a public nuisance. The social media companies argue that there is no causal link between social media use and addiction. The New York Times has the preview of these cases, and we'll put the link to it in today's show notes. And finally, here's today's Havanaugh-N-Day story.

Microplastics are one of the most omnipresent environmental pollutants. and reports about their dangers have also been omnipresent. Researchers have detected microscopic remnants in the brain, testes, placentas, and arteries, prompting an explosion of research into their detrimental effects. Now, peer reviews of those studies are finding something surprising and equally as far-reaching, false positives. Quote, fat is known to make false positives for polyethylene. The brain has approximately 60% fat, said Dr. Dusson Matterich, at the Hempholtz Center for Environmental research in Germany. Describing a methodological flaw with one paper. Scientists raise fundamental

concerns with other landmark microplastic findings as well, and The Guardian has this story. We'll put the link to it in today's show notes. All right, everybody, that is it for today's episode. As always, if you'd like to support our work, you can head over to retangle.com, sign up for a membership to do that. And lastly, I'll just remind you that if you or anyone you know works for DHS, has been hired by DHS, went through the interview process, anything like that, reach out to us on Signal. Again, you can find us at TangleNews.96. That's TangleNews.96 on Signal or click the show notes for Ealing. Thanks again for listening. Peace. Our executive editor and founder is me, Isaac Saul, and our executive producer is John Wohl.

Today's episode was edited and engineered by Dewey Thomas. Our editorial staff is led by managing editor Ari Weitzman with senior editor Will Kayback and associate. editors Audrey Moorhead, Lindsay Canuth, and Bailey Saul. Music for the podcast was produced by Diet 75. To learn more about Tangle and to sign up for a membership, please visit our website at reetangle.com.