TBPN Live - Palmer Luckey’s EagleEye Reactions, Ferrari's 12Cilindri, Kushner Story Ignites Debate | Alex Klein, Hemant Taneja, Rob Toews, Nathan Benaich

Episode Date: October 17, 2025

(01:04) - Palmer Luckey's EagleEye Reactions (11:05) - 𝕏 Timeline Reactions (12:36) - Ferrari 12Cilindri Reactions (24:41) - Colossus' Kushner Story Sparks Debate (31:50) - 𝕏 Timeline Reactions (01:00:44) - Alex Klein, the inventor and founder of the Stem Player, discusses his journey from creating build-your-own computers for children to developing the Stem Player, an AI-driven music device that allows users to interactively remix songs by isolating and combining different musical elements. He highlights collaborations with artists like Kanye West, who helped distribute the product, and emphasizes the device's capability to provide a novel, interactive music experience by enabling users to manipulate stems—vocals, bass, drums, and instrumentals—of their favorite tracks. Klein also touches on the innovative licensing and revenue model of Stem FM, which compensates artists based on the listening time subscribers spend with their music, aiming to create a more equitable and engaging platform for both artists and listeners. (01:28:18) - Hemant Taneja, CEO of General Catalyst, discusses his book "The Transformation Principles," emphasizing the need for clear guiding principles amid the uncertainties introduced by AI and geopolitical shifts. He highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in transforming industries like healthcare, combining technological agility with the sector's inherent seriousness. Taneja also addresses the venture capital landscape, noting the accelerated growth of AI-driven companies and the necessity for investors to adapt to these evolving dynamics. (02:00:03) - Rob Toews is a Partner at Radical Ventures, leading the firm's Bay Area office and focusing on investments in artificial intelligence and deep technology. In the conversation, he discusses the evolution of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), highlighting the distinction between invasive and non-invasive technologies, and explores their potential applications in enhancing human-AI interaction. (02:27:18) - Nathan Benaich, founder and General Partner of Air Street Capital, a venture capital firm investing in AI-first companies, discusses the evolving landscape of early-stage AI investments, noting a bifurcation between large lab model companies raising significant funds and more pragmatic entrepreneurs focusing on specific use cases. He highlights the shift from startups spending seed budgets on building AI systems to now leveraging existing models for product-market fit experiments, emphasizing the importance of team capability in running multiple experiments to find successful applications. Additionally, Benaich touches on the increasing interest in AI from various sectors, including national security and defense, underscoring the broad potential and value creation of AI technologies. (02:42:49) - 𝕏 Timeline Reactions TBPN.com is made possible by: Ramp - https://ramp.comFigma - https://figma.comVanta - https://vanta.comLinear - https://linear.appEight Sleep - https://eightsleep.com/tbpnWander - https://wander.com/tbpnPublic - https://public.comAdQuick - https://adquick.comBezel - https://getbezel.com Numeral - https://www.numeralhq.comPolymarket - https://polymarket.comAttio - https://attio.com/tbpnFin - https://fin.ai/tbpnGraphite - https://graphite.devRestream - https://restream.ioProfound - https://tryprofound.comJulius AI - https://julius.aiturbopuffer - https://turbopuffer.comfal - https://fal.aiPrivy - https://www.privy.ioCognition - https://cognition.aiGemini - https://gemini.google.comFollow TBPN: https://TBPN.comhttps://x.com/tbpnhttps://open.spotify.com/show/2L6WMqY3GUPCGBD0dX6p00?si=674252d53acf4231https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/technology-brothers/id1772360235https://www.youtube.com/@TBPNLive

You're watching TVPN. Today is Friday, October 17, 2025. We are live from the TVPN Ultradome, the Temple of Technology, the Fortress of Finance, the capital of capital. Sorry, I'm having too much fun. I got a new sound effect. Yeah, we got a new sound effect. The soundboard continues to be on a generational run of its own. And Palmer Lucky has been on a generational run going on a lot of different shows. He's coming on our show. We announced that today. Very excited to have him join the show. I've interviewed him a few times. It's always a fantastic chat.

The guy can yap. I want to play a clip from his appearance, not on Joe Rogan, which is fantastic. You should go listen to, but of him on Bloomberg. But first, I want to tell you about ramp.com. Time is money. Save both. These are used corporate cards, bill pay accounting, and a whole lot more. one place. Last night, we got together with some members of the ramp team, and in a great sign of

respect in our culture, they built this ice statue. The ice sculpture was very fun to see. Which you may have seen over on X, but absolutely stunning. Anyway, let's play the clip from Bloomberg. Palmer Lucky. Palmer, there was a report about the NGC2 system. It named both Andrew and Palantir, we've asked Palantir through Shom to comment on that. But the report in Palantir's case, moved markets. Could you just respond to that reporting, which came from Reuters, and explain the sort of timeline and the inaccuracies that you feel there are in that report? So you may or may not remember this, but I was a journalism major myself.

I was only a semester and a half away from graduating. I was the online editor of the Daily 49er, which was the Cal State Long Beach student-run newspaper. So I care a lot about this stuff, both as an and a role perspective, and then also just from a journalist perspective. The journalist who wrote that Reuters' story would have been failed out of the class by any of my professors.

So roasted. He refused to include the on-the-record statement. This is crazy, though. Because they fundamentally made the whole story not a story. They just didn't include what Palantir and Andrel had to say. I'll read the actual article. Next generation commanding control.

It's not tracking what the users are doing. It doesn't have any passwords to log in. security turned on and they said oh my god this is a huge problem and we said guys this was an early prototype the army wasn't paying us to demonstrate user accounts it was paying us to demonstrate integration of different sensors different weapons systems all into one pipeline uh and lattice has all this functionality we do this all the time it's not like it's not like we don't know how to do this and the army said the same they said yeah we just turned on all those features with it just a few weeks later all these issues that you're talking about didn't exist this was an internal

security audit, just noting that these things were a factor in that early prototype. Yes, there's no access control. Yes, that is a risk. Yes, we have not audited all of their security, you know, all of their security code. That is a risk. But that's completely normal for early development. But Reuters didn't include our quote, didn't include the Army's quote, because that would have made the entire story irrelevant.

So instead they include quotes exclusively from our competitors and from so-called anonymous sources saying that Anderol and Palantir are running this fundamentally insecure thing. 99% chance that was planted by one of our competitors who had access to that memo and there's only a few people who could have done it and I can make people look bad by slicing and dicing memos too

I'll show you if I want I'll get back in the journalism game We can say let's go We've given you the opportunity Get Palmer Lockheia column and Reuters You just mentioned your competitors Let's call the legacy for you Yeah we can wrap it there

But basically I mean it's like The Army was like hey we want you to prototype something for us like put a bunch of dots on a map do something different like create a new UI, like, show us what you can do. And then clearly an enemy of Anderol and Palantir, like, leaked. Like, well, they didn't have OAuth set up yet. And it's like, well, yeah, like, we know this in Silicon Valley.

Like, when you build a new product, you focus on finding a problem, building the solution, and then you figure out how to optimize the database and cash things at the end. I love when people try to do gotchas with Palmer. It's impossible. Don't ever try. But it does. I thought we were past this, honestly, because of the mood in Silicon Valley, like, the whole idea of, like, everyone in America knows that it shouldn't take 50 years to build the new

planet. Like, everyone knows that other countries can build stuff faster and build systems faster, and it shouldn't take this long. And other countries aren't smarter or more hard working. Yes. Yes. Yes. We clearly know how when there isn't a bunch of.

like the difference between, that's a good analogy, the difference between the data center market and what's going on in defense and government procurement is that the data center market doesn't necessarily have a ton of entrenched interest in being like, let's not speed up, our model works. Yeah, potentially not enough regulation. I'm not advocating for regulation,

but the big complaint is that the data centers can set up, start sourcing energy from the grid. Yeah, yeah. And it makes people nearby suddenly pay a massive premium, even if... Yeah, it's just like, imagine, like, so you have the, you have the neoclouds who want to build data centers very quickly.

There's no real party. It's not like Oracle is like, I'm in the business of building things slowly. I get paid more money if I build it slowly. Whereas, like, that does exist with the legacy primes, which is just very different. But I, I don't know. I just thought that we were sort of past this,

but of course it's like a natural outgrowth and natural dynamic when you are competing with, you know, Silicon Valley companies that are their whole pitch. I mean, Andrews is not a Silicon Valley company, but it's like a tech company. And their whole pitch is like, we will move faster. We're going to, yeah, yeah, we're going to, we're going to beat you on speed. And that's very dangerous.

And so you try and basically fud it. And that's what's going on. But I liked Palmer putting it in the truth zone, putting Reuters in the truth zone. Always fun to watch Palmer put on a little clinic and how to do drugs accurately. Good morning to the chat. We got a lot of great folks here today. Dan, Schaeffer, Tom, friendly. Yeah, we've got a bunch of people.

Palmer also went on the Joe Rogan experience. We have some images from this. The European mind cannot comprehend what happened. Now, this is unfortunately a fake image. At no point did Joe Rogan actually put on aviators, a cigar, and hold a machine gun of some sort. You're telling me this is slop? This is slop.

But this is the purest slop possible. You didn't allow me to live? for just 30 seconds, John. It is, unfortunately, fake news. We need to put it in the truth zone. It is pretty funny that it's somewhat believable. It is. It is like, yeah, yeah, this probably could have happened on the show.

But they did put on the helmet and, you know, take things for a spin. Should we pull up this clip from later? They pulled up an Ashley Vance video of a wrecked, wreck robot. Yeah, yeah, yeah, play that. Is this something that someone's working out with? This is a robot fight against San Francisco. Oh. So actually, this is a buddy of mine who's been working in VR for a really, really long time.

So it's, again, what a tiny world of weird wackos. But yeah, Six Live has been working on, which is his real name. His real name. Isn't that hilarious? Six Live. He's been working on VR stuff for the past 15 years. And he recently got into doing this robot, robot combat sports league. Yeah.

They were having so much fun talking about, like, it should be a human versus a robot. that's what Palmer and Logan Paul are apparently working on. No way. Yeah, no, they want. And they go into this big, long discussion about, well, if you can train a robot to be, like, perfect with its punches, it could also pull its punches perfectly. And so it could be the ultimate sparring partner. Yeah. And you could, and you could even, like, it could train on you.

And so you could be fighting yourself. It could train on, you could say, like, I'm going to get in the ring with Evander Holyfield or Mike Tyson today. And it could mimic that perfectly, in theory. I'm more interested to see, like, 100 robots versus one human while they're not quite as dialed. That would be great. But the issue is, imagine how much damage Logan Paul would do to a bunch of those uni trees today. I'm not saying he would, I'm not saying in five years, he would be the same. No, no, no.

No. We've got to have the event now while he can actually put on a clinic and destroy all 100. It would be costly, though. These things go for. 20,000. So we're looking it up the other day. It's so confused. That's like an average Mr. Beast video budget.

That's totally doable. You could do one man. But it is interesting. The robot dogs are like 75K, and the G1 is like 20K. Huh. Do you think they're... Suspicious. It's a little bit too good to be true.

I don't know if I like that pricing. Wait, unitary charges less for their dog than they're human? No, no. The dog is... From a different company. Yeah, it's Boston Dynamics. Oh, okay. Yeah, Boston Dynamics.

I mean, yeah. Yeah, it's not the same company. Oh, okay, okay. Got it. Yeah. What's a, can you find out what a unitary dog costs?

Yeah. Chinese dog. There's something, I feel like that, I feel like one man versus a hundred, just stomping a hundred unitary dogs, feels a lot sketchier and more dark. That's dark.

To me, then watching Logan Paul absolutely rash and a hundred unitry. Even though it's not a fair fight, it feels a little bit more fair. What would you find? Unitary dog is like low thousands. Low thousand for like $3,000. Oh, we're buying that.

We're buying a hundred. going in the how many should i actually this is this is greenlit put it on the ramp i just want one also i just want one i want 100 and get gorilla costumes for them all and then we can reenact the can they stand on two legs the dogs uh yeah i mean we've seen videos of them backflips

okay so but because if it can stand on if it can stand on two legs and then you can put it in a gorilla costume you could totally be thrashing those things around like it's one man versus hundred gorillas wait was it Was it 100 men versus... All right. This just went from the $3,000. No, it was a hundred men versus one gorilla.

A hundred gorillas? No. Oh, no. I think you get a hundred unit trees, the humanoid robots. You put them in guerrilla costumes. You turn Logan Paul loose. It's a $2 million production, but it's going to get a billion views. And so...

You could also do 100 unitries versus one gorilla. Oh, yeah. You actually could do that. That's a great video. I don't think you can... I think guerrilla activists would... Yeah, I think Peter would like a word with that one. But I don't know.

I feel like the gorilla would love to, like, destroy the clanker. They're like natural enemies, don't you think? Yeah, they really are. Whatever we wind up doing with this, we got to stream it on re-stream, one live stream, 30 plus destinations, multi-stream, reach your audience, wherever they are. Yeah, there's a planet of the apes con, which is like the clankers versus the apes.

I think that's a hit. Yep. Henry Photoshop some photos of Mark Benioff on TBPN and Palmer on Joe Rogan kind of monitoring the situation did quite well fun post I still can't get over the Benioff interview it was so much fun that was a real hoot we had we had a wild a wild time he he's the final boss of salesman he's really such a good salesman comes on it's like I don't know it's not to break the fourth wall but we'd never talk to him before like I'd never talk to him before like I'd never met him in person with a lot of other people we've met beforehand we've talked we've

gotten to know each other uh that was not the case with benny off the first time i ever talked to him was on that call and it just felt like we were old friends immediately and he is like talking trash and completely matching our energy taking it up you know oh so good made me but on clinic made me made me feel that CRM is oversold yeah for sure got a lot of energy for sure for sure before we move on let me tell you about privy wallet infrastructure for every Bank. Privy makes it easy to build on crypto rail, securely spend up white label wallets, signed transactions, and integrate on-chain infrastructure all through one simple API. Jordi, tell me about the Dolce Chilindry, the Ferrari front engine, 12-cylinder.

You had a take today. It went out on our newsletter, which you can subscribe to at at tbPN.com. Jordy is writing posts in there as well. I'm writing posts in there. Brandon's collating a lot of the show. It's a great way to stay in tune with the show if you're not able to listen every day. I felt like I needed to defend Ferrari for a number of reasons. One, I've gotten sick of every time Ferrari launches a car. You just see hundreds or thousands.

Every single video that comes out with the car is people begging for the return of Pinnon Farina. Yeah. Obviously, the legendary design firm that Ferrari was partnered with from 1951 to 23. The firm was founded in 1930, actually. Wait, Penferrinas before Ferrari? Whoa, I didn't know that. Well, Ferrar Enzo had been doing automotive racing for a long time. That's right.

That's right. And he didn't start Ferrari until he was 45. But I basically, yeah, I've just gotten absolutely sick of every single time Ferrari announces a car. I'm sick and tired of it. I'm sick and tired of it. All these comments. One, because I think the main reason is, like, very clear that, the firm and Ferrari are not going to have anything close to the partnership that they used to have.

Pinn and Farina was sold for, it was basically like $28 million, and then the acquirer paid off a bunch of their debt as well. So the company was heavily in debt at the time that they sold in 2015. And, yeah, there's just a number of reasons, right? Like Ferrari's in-house all of their design, they've put a huge amount of resources. and time and energy into it. They clearly want to own the whole stack. We talked about on the EV side of the business,

they are designing all of the EV componentry end-to-end, which, again, I think other people are a little bit worried about because I've always had a bunch of electrical issues. That's been, like, kind of a key point. Yeah, it's underrated. Everyone says they want an electric car, but there's electricity flowing through a V-12 as well, and sometimes unreliably.

It's electric in its own way. Um, and so yeah, I think, I think the, the criticism that I understand and I feel the same is that when Ferrari announces their cars, they spec them in a way that I just absolutely hate. I think that the stock wheels, the way that they're colored looks tacky. Uh, okay, the stock wheels thing is weird because I feel like there's, uh, just generally in car culture, like moving away from stock wheels, putting custom wheels on a car is, is weird. Are you talking about just from the factory selected? a different wheel option? I'm talking about the way they spec. Or are you talking about going to a completely different company and being like, I want 24 inch spinners on my Ferrari. You want spinners. No spinners. I'm talking about the way they spec the cars for the announcements. They have these like black and silverish looking wheels that I just think look bad. You can go on the option side. But they have a few options. They have a bunch of other options that look great. And so the criticism when these cars get announced, I think is very real. I look at them and I think like, why does it

have a black line running down here. That doesn't look good. The wheels don't look good. There's a bunch of other things you can nitpick. But then the important thing is, like, when they actually start rolling off the production line, when they start getting into dealerships, when they actually get to clients, they look absolutely amazing. Yeah.

I feel like they look, you know, there's people like T.J. Parker, a friend of the show will push back and just say, like, I hate everything that they make. But when I see these cars, I think, like, okay, this looks like a 21st century version of a Pinnanek car. Yeah. And I think the bigger problem is, is that we, it could be for regulatory reasons, right? But the automotive industry seems to be out of new ideas. We have like stagnation in automotive, right? Totally. The cyber truck was controversial, but at least it was something new.

Thank you. Right? Yep. And you could argue that it was just kind of, it felt like sci-fi inspired, but that's okay, right? They took a, what looked and should have been maybe for other brands, like a, concept car, and they made it a production car that shipped, and you can buy it today. Yep. And so I want to see more of that from the legacy brands, and I think with Ferrari, it's not

going to come from Pinnan Farina, right? It's just, it's not going to come from their old partner that they work with for 50 years, but is now just part of this Indian, you know, multinational conglomerate. How much they sell for, by the way? It was, it was something like, in total it was like $175 million, but the actual, like, core pin and ferena asset it was like 28 million and then a bunch of debt 28 million for pinna forina meanwhile Ferrari is worth 75 million 75 billion and so clearly like the better business to be in was actually making the cars selling the cars you know

accruing all that brand value so but but again so I think like the the real critique is we need new ideas we need new ground up design I asked the question in the newsletter are there any cars or watches that you really want that have been made this century, right? It's hard to think, you know, a variation, a 9-11 ST doesn't count, right? It's a 9-11. Zero-1-X. Okay. We have, of course, you have a particular taste of cards.

But same thing on the watch. The Nissan Marado cross-cabriole is over 10 years old at this point. Like, we've run out of ideas, and we can't think of two-door convertible XUBs. Yeah, Taylor says automobile design is truly been calcified since 24. You typed that before I said it. I have three questions for you. First, have you heard of cognition that are the makers of Devon, the AI software engineer? You can crush your backlog with your personal AI engineering team.

Second is the Ferrari Taylor-made program. If I get into that, if I start buying Romas every single month, will they eventually tailor-make a Ferrari that has spinners for me? Would they do that? Is that how far I can push the Taylor-Made program? They're really opinionated. They're opinionated. So then the third more serious question is like how much of your your take is that Ferrari creates a great canvas that the clientele can paint on to express interesting designs that you wind up liking. Yeah.

Even though you don't like the press photos, you wind up liking the, the, the actual production cars. Yes. Clients are. Yes. And this is the opposite take to Doug DeMiro. he always tries to buy the car in the press color way and in the press spec he just likes it that way however it was presented to the press photos he wants that exact spec or that exact car yeah and i think i think i can that can probably make sense from a collectible standpoint like i see some of these

cars and like personally i love black on tan with yellow brake calipers sure i just think it's a nice i think it's a nice combo i like i like silver on tan a lot right but that not that might not be the one on the billboard or in the magazine ad so it might be it might not be on the poster so it might be less iconic but you like it but my question is like is is this something that is a unique value in the Ferrari world that they effectively have like uGC they they effectively have a great clientele that can spec the cars in a certain way and they create some boundaries so you can't put spinners on them but they create some boundaries but then their clientele has taste yeah i just think it's not just their taste it's the taste i just think the work is on the client's

Like more so than when you go, I like an off-the-shelf GT3RS. Like I just like the way that they, you know, at Porsche have decided this is the way the car should look. Okay. But with Ferrari, that's not the case. Exactly. Okay, got it. Have you seen what Pinn and Farina's been up to recently with the Batista? Can we pull up the video of the Pinn and Farina Batista?

I want your reaction to how this car looks because for everyone that's, for everyone that's, for everyone that's saying, oh, you know, Ferrari's got to go back to Penferina. Penferina has the best designs. I do wonder if the pen and ferena de Batista is kind of a refutation of like Penifurina still got designed because when I look at the car and when I look at the, the video that I shared in the timeline tab, the video, it just, it looks just very similar to every other car to me. It just, I don't know. It just doesn't, it's a 2.4 million dollar car. You're asking for the, you're asking for the return of Pinn and Farina, but you look at the cars that Pinnonferina is making today, and they look like kind of.

It looks cool, but doesn't it just look like a McLaren? Yeah, it looks like some blend of a McLaren and Ferrari. Like, there's just like, there's nothing super new in this Pinnon Farina design. Like, it looks just like a hypercar. Yeah, my critique is like, people want like, like the F40 was bold and new. and controversial, and in the fullness of time, it became iconic. It's grown on. But like, you know, this is the most forgettable car, sports car.

Yes. It would be very hard to put this next to the remotes Navarra. Yeah. That one also looks very similar. This is an electric car, too, which, again, it just feels less opinionated. Michael is making, I think one of the, in the chat is making, one of the most important points is that like the regulation

is so intense now that even if you're designing you know basically a racing car for the road you're just very limited so yeah I mean I so I that intuitively makes sense to me I feel like that's true

and I've seen a bunch of facts around that and then I look at the cyber truck on the street every day and I'm like clearly there are no regulations because if there was even one regulation it should violate that it violates It violates everything that I know about regulation. Like, how did they do that?

And if you can do the cyber truck, well, then can't you do something unique or different? And we've seen other, like, prototypes in the Hyundai Vision, like, they're bringing back the DeLorean aesthetic. I don't know if people... Again, we're just sort of out of new ideas. So we're just, like, rehashing. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, and even the new Mercedes iconic, the concept car. It's like, okay, it looks cool, but it looks like, you know, the mob boss in Tron, right?

Which is like, do you want to drive around and look like a mob boss in Tron? Maybe that seems pretty cool, but this can't be the best that we've done. It's the end of history. We created them Nissan Marano, Cross Cabriolet, hang it up. That was enough. It's the iPhone. We peaked. We peaked.

Well, if you want to design a car, you want to design something beautiful, head over to figma.com. Think bigger, build faster. Figma helps design development team has built great products together. Henry on our team shares some lore about Andrew Huberman. He says, this is my opportunity to remind everyone that Andrew Huberman was a writer for Thrash or Mag

before becoming a neuroscientist. You can just do things. Look at this photo of Andrew Huberman. He's looking fantastic in this leather jacket. How did I never know this? Yeah. I feel like this is just a massive invitation for Jensen Wong from Nvidia

to go on. on the Huberman Lab podcast. That would be a fantastic crossover. All right. He worked at Thrasher and Slap Magazine. Pretty sweet. What a legend. Cheers.

Well, cheers to Andrew Huberman and cheers to Vanta. Automate compliance, manage risk, prove trust, continuously. Vantta's trust management platform. Takes the manual work out of your security and compliance process

and replaces it with continuous automation. Bobby in the chat says, Joe Rogan says car design is bad now because car designers stop doing drugs. Oh, that's a hot take. Hot take from Joe. But, I mean, there are certainly people that do

drugs, like, why don't they design cars? It's not like drug use is in an all-time low. Like, can't those people just, you know, come back from the plan? Yeah, we got to ask. With the sketching and be like, this is the one I want. We got to ask Senra. Was Enzo getting into, getting into anything crazy? Oh, yeah, interesting.

I don't know. Who knows? Yeah. Well, the Josh Kushner profile continues to put the timeline in turmoil. The legacy new media is up in arms, the legacy media is up in arms, the antiquity media. We didn't even older term. But a bunch of people are reacting to this. Sally had a funny quote here.

Joshua Kushner strolled billionarily across the room. His contrarian high concentration vibes engulfed Rick Rubin's bohemian monk retreat. Joshua's high conviction and mistress filled the room. It's the giga chat at the typewriter. I love it. Eleanor Buckley, who's, I think another magazine writer, said, LMAO, here's the first sentence of this Kushner profile. The road to Rick Rubin's house was long and winding for Joshua Kushner,

who traversed more than might be gleaned from the surface glint of his life. And so people were debating whether or not this is real journalism, whether or not this is real investigative journalism and the trade-off that people make when they read these. The interesting takeaway, I mean, Mike Isaac had a take on this. He said, I do not have an opinion on the Kushner feature going around because I have not read it yet, but I have found the meta-commentary around it

from the executive class, fascinating. The way this is phrased, feels useful and not that subtle. Toby Lutke said, new publication doing real journalism, and it's as amazing as they said it was. imagine that. So Toby Lokey is a fan of what Colossus Mag is doing. I mean, I do think it's interesting because I don't think Jeremy Stern or Patrick or Colossus has really framed their effort as journalism.

Like Senra, who's also in that orbit, has always said, like, I'm in enthusiasm. Yeah, it's quite different to write profiles, go out specifically to write profiles on people that you admire. Yes. Like people going into it. Like there's plenty of people that write profiles where or write stories

where they're talking about somebody they don't necessarily appreciate they don't necessarily admire. And so I think part of what Colossus is doing is like they're not, I don't think, from my sense, I don't think they plan to write profiles on people that they don't care

to like deeply learn and understand that aren't part of that aren't the kind of people that they just generally like, right? Yeah. Yeah, there's something, there's something odd going on where for decades, like there has been like traditional journalism, but then even like 20 or 30 years ago, there was always like trade publications. There were trade publications. And so like in the consumer packaged goods world, like if you're growing like a protein shake company, like yes, you might get a piece in the New York Times every once in a while. But the

Beat reporting is going to come from BevNet, which is the trade publication. And you'll see there's, like, NACs, which is the National Association of Convenience Store chains, and it's a massive conference, and they have a magazine. And, like, no one's like, oh, it's journalism, and it's too friendly to convenience store owners. It's like, no, it's just like, this is the publication for the convenience store industry. And it doesn't rise to the level of interest to, like, national news constantly. But with the internet, you have this ability to write something that's a trade publication

that's run by enthusiasts, insiders. I just comp it to a magazine, right? Like, I used to, as a kid, I would have a subscription to popular science. Yes. I would expect the writers of popular science to write about topics that they were excited about, to write about people that they were excited about, about people that they admire, to want to tell stories that just interested them. Yeah.

Like, I don't think Colossus is out there saying, like, we are trying, they're not trying to be anyone but Colossus. Exactly. They're not trying to, and that's the thing about media is, like, media is not zero-sum. Yep. Like, the New York Times can thrive and Colossus can thrive, and they can have some overlap and maybe the stories that they're interested in, but they can have totally different ways covering people, and that's healthy, and consumers have the choice of who's kind of general

point of view, do I want to, you know, read about? Yeah, there's like the pushback from the other profile writers feels like they are worried that their audience won't be able to tell the difference between enthusiast media and journalism because of the aesthetics or something like that. That's what it feels like more or less. But when you read the comments, it's like a lot of people who want to read, you know, a really hard, hard-hitting, like, journalistic piece, like, they know where to go for that. So I don't know how much of a real problem it is.

Yeah, I think part of the frustration is I don't think Josh has, has Josh ever, I can't remember a time when he did a traditional profile with someone like the New York Times or the journal. I don't know. I don't know. And so, yeah, part of it's a frustration of like the legacy, traditional media wants access to someone like Josh, they can write about Josh. Josh isn't necessarily going to sit down for five hours with them and give them hours and hours of on the record conversation. He's not going to invite them into his home to take pictures necessarily. And I mean, you could imagine

that from Josh's perspective, it's like, do you really want to go do something with a media that will be hostile and attack him? I mean, like he was seen at the U.S. Open next to those two like no names and, like, that could make him look like a nobody, right? Even though obviously everyone knows who he is, but that, like, basketball guy and the other guy, like, no one knows who those people are. And so that would, like, if a journalist wanted to really attack Josh Kushner, they could put that picture up and be like,

look at who he's associating with. Like, these are outsiders, and it would make him look like an outsider. Who was it again? It was Bob Eiger and Bill not. Someone, who was. something, I don't know. It was like the guy who runs the basketball league or something? The basketball? The sport of basketball? Literally, like, not a tech company. Like, he's hanging out with somebody who runs something that's, like, so old, not in the tech world at all.

It would portray him if a journalist were to really amplify that. They could totally spin a narrative that, like, Josh Kushner is not a major player in technology. Well, there were such no names that they had to actually put their name on. That's right. They did. Because audiences don't know who they are. So it's like, oh, this is this guy's name. Jack, thank you. Adam Silver. Okay, yeah, I mean, like, you could imagine how they would write that about, like, oh, he's... Adam Silver had that famous line, Get Ready to Learn about Bobbles, Popping, Buddy, or something like that.

Sure, sure. Jacob Rintamaki had a little bit of a longer take on this whole story. I'd like to imagine, I fail, though, by inherent nature of being human to understand the arguments of the tech folks and the journalist folks. And here's what I believe they both say in where I agree slash disagree. Tech folks, around 2016, probably earlier around Gamergate, the media had a shift towards being much more critical of technologists, and this got exacerbated with the rise of more left-leaning political ideology, which has strains of anti-capitalism woven in.

It's nice for Wired, et cetera, to finally return to covering tech in a fun and optimistic way. Has Wired done that? I feel like I haven't been tracking exactly where wired is. I know they loved Palmer Lucky. Then they were really anti-Pummer Lucky. They came after friend. But so did Heineken, which we will get to. And then journalists well before 2016, tech just frankly wasn't that important.

Yeah, that's definitely true. It was hard to write a story about a SaaS product or like the rise of a SaaS founder. It just wasn't a gripping story. And now that it's a major portion of our society, people should be inspected more careful. And frankly, a lot of our criticism isn't that bad. The tech folks just have soft skin. My perspective, I'm hesitant to call Colossus at all investigative journalism since they're more puff pieces or a farm for the Gen Zers than not.

But they are deeply thoughtful portraits of fascinating people. Tech people have gotten a lot of unnecessary SHIT from journals, but they also tend to not have the world's thickest skin either. Yeah, it's a pretty good take. I think the role of investigative journalism, just is a separate thing, and we're seeing that, like, still exist in different worlds. But this, this, like, enthusiast media, this desire to actually, like, understand someone. And it also just lays, like, it's, even if you're, like, I want to write the hard hitting piece on Josh Kushner, like, well, like, good, you should be happy that Colossus exists because, like, it gave you a bunch of threads to pull on, right?

Like, you're like, okay, I feel like there were 75 facts in here. 20 of them, there's another side to those facts. Well, now you have your template for your investigative journalism work. On the other side, I always enjoy going to Futurism.com, which is a media company, you would assume, is excited about the future. Here's some of their latest stories.

Divorce Tesla fan admits that his cyber truck is repulsive to women. Futurism, let's go. Open AI bans, MLK. deep fakes after disaster. That one seems fair. Futurism isn't necessarily positive. Maybe they're doomers. They're like, yeah,

futurism means death. They're kind of doers. They have, in their ethics section, they have Goldman Sachs as Gen Z is pretty much permanently screwed. So sorry about that, Tyler. Rough. If bad, if true. As Microsoft forces users to ditch Windows 10, it announces that it's also turning Windows 11

into an AI controlled monstrosity. That's something I don't think a lot of people are worried about, but it probably gets clicks. Well, you know the future of code review in the age of AI? Turns out it's graphite.dev. Graphite helps teams on GitHub, higher quality software faster.

Jack took to the timeline. He's back on the app he founded. He says a music app with no podcasters. Title has no ads, no podcasters, just high quality music. We're working to improve title every day for artists and audio files, like. I haven't used title. Was title acquired by Apple? Was that what happened? No, it was square.

Oh, square. Okay, so what is he saying here? This is Jack Lewis. He's just taken a shot at the podcast, at the podcast, the podcasters, which is fair. So he doesn't like podcasts on music apps. So he's just saying that they've made this deliberate decision to not your podcasts on Titan. Which is cool. Yeah. I think people deserve opinionated streaming platform. At the time on Spotify, I feel like I have never been like, oh, like I, it's harder to find my playlist now because there's so much other stuff going on. Certainly, YouTube has never been a place, even though you can listen to music, they have a separate music app. And YouTube has not, has been like, there's way too much going on for me to actually like, go and create a music

playlist of music videos or anything like that. I think the solution to this, underrated that of like a block or squares acquisition frenzy during the ZERB era. They got title for 350. I will see how that deal pencils out in the fullness of time. Was that Jay Z's? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay. And that just got a lot of pushback because it was kind of like, hey, you guys are boys, right?

Do we really need a music streaming platform at our fintech company? Yeah. Does this really make sense? And then always wild to think they acquired afterpay for $29 billion. Now Square is worth $45 billion. Yep. So. I have an idea.

What if we take our three-hour podcast? We use 11 Labs or Suno to turn it into a song. And we release a musical version of an odd title. We bring the fight to title. and make it every single day we drop an album yeah we drop an album and it's us singing singing the news singing the timeline because we could take we could take our takes so your take on pin and farina and Ferrari we take that we transform that with an lLM into lyrics and then we transform that into a song and then you and then you chat says buying your homies lackluster streaming platform his goals

it really is it's amazing yeah there's guys being dudes I guess. Why did he say RIP Square? Yeah, that was odd. He says, and he's quoting an announcement from somebody who, it works at Square, who says, super proud to have been involved with this over the past few months. The lower cost of acceptance with BTC will make traditional card processing obsolete. We'll be announcing some really exciting sellers who've moved to Square for Bitcoin. They are so convinced that people want to pay for goods with Bitcoin. Who?

Square. Square? Yeah. Maybe they will. I bought a TV with Bitcoin. It was the worst financial decision in my life. Paid one Bitcoin. Yeah, it's a $100,000 TV.

And it's not even 4K. And it's actually in the trash now. I gave it away because it was like useless after a while. Wait, when was this? It was in like 2013 or something. Bitcoin was like a thousand bucks or something. Yeah, just before you were born. Yeah. Everyone in tech was like, yeah, you definitely want to be buying stuff with Bitcoin. You don't want to be just saving it. Like it's a medium of transaction. Trust us. And so I went on New Egg and I was like, cool, I have some Bitcoin. I'll buy a TV. I'm living in the future. Bought one Bitcoin. Bought a TV. You should run it back and buy a car. Buy a car. I spent like five. I actually spent like five Bitcoin on like consumer electronics that depreciated like crazy.

Well, you should run it back. Our first bonus. Our first bonus. Our first bonus. Our first bonus. Our first bonus. Our first bonus. Our first bonus. Our first bonus. at Soilet, we were taking payment in Bitcoin, so we had accrued, like, $100 Bitcoin, and it should be like $10 million today. And we gave everyone on the team as a Christmas bonus $5,000, which was like $5,000 as like a bonus. And if everyone held, it would be like half a million dollars. But I think a lot of people were like, I'm going to buy a TV. TV sounds nice. Or like, I'm going to rotate into something dumb. I don't know. Well, this, I love the Jack's back on the timeline, tearing it up. Paolo over at Tether did an announcement.

Tether donates a quarter million dollars to OpenSats to strengthen free and open source ecosystem supporting Bitcoin and Freedom Tech. Jack says, why only 250K? Somebody asked, how much did you donate? You guys, over 21 million. You? Jack is back on Twitter in a big way, just going around.

He's home. He's home. You know who else is marketing? This is like the former, owner of the dive bar coming back in and just talking smack. Yeah, yeah. He's like, I don't know like I've got any more, but spiritually I own it. A lot of soft power. Yeah. A lot of soft power. I know where, I know where the keg is. I can pull out a new keg if I want. I can go in the back. I know the door in the back's loose and I can get in in the middle of the night, you know, do

whatever I need to. Uh, it's good. We're still going to let this. This ad from Heineken. So is this real? We need to figure out if this is actually real or if this is AI because Hineken just, I didn't know they had a dog in them to actually troll this hard if this is real. Tyler, can we do a fact check on this post which shows Hineken, the beer company, which has been around since 1873, is taking a shot at friend of the show, friend founder, Avi Schiffman, who has been putting friend billboards all over Los Angeles, all over New York. We were driving around yesterday. We saw bus.

we saw a bus that was wrapped Avi is just like he's addicted to billboards he just keeps buying more billboards more out of home more out of home more out of home I think is I think potentially the theory is that everybody in their car now

you know let's say they're in an Uber or Waymo's using their phone or we were driving across LA yesterday I had Dylan in the car he's using his phone he's catching up on some emails and so I think he needed to get enough billboards so that every time someone looks up out of the car

they see a friend billboard right so get multiple impressions you know that frequency yeah we were we were saying like it can't possibly be the biggest billboard campaign in history but I think it might actually be it's so so massive

if you live in a major city you have definitely seen one of these friend billboards but Heineken's taking shots now they say the best way to make a friend is over a beer grab a necklace back check bottle open are they actually going to sell these bottle opener necklaces this is actually pretty funny and cool Jack Cohen says very much

very much real. Wow. Confirmed by Michael Mirafloor. Yeah, apparently it's on 42nd Street. Okay, from Trace Cohen. Michael Mirafloor here says the mainstream marketing advertising trades will probably not report on this, but this is such an amazing call slash response. Heineken has people who get it and can sell it internally or have proper processes to turn this around quickly and ship incredible speed for a giant organization. I completely agree to actually see that there's this meme that's going that everyone's aware of these friend billboards, that they're getting a lot of attention.

Regardless of what's happening, it's becoming a cultural zeitgeist, it's becoming a shelling point, and then you step in, and the R.O.I., their billboards probably incredible. Now the people that hate friend and AI, they can signal that they're anti-clanker by drinking a. It's the anti-clanker beer, for sure.

It's the official beer of AI Dumers. I was thinking when the clankers rise up and demand equal rights. You know how the previous era it was all about the clapping emoji? Like, give us equal rights. I think the clankers version of the clapping emoji should be

the M-Dash. It should be like, give m-dash, us, M-Dash, equal m-dash, rights, m-dash. Like, that would be viral if the clankers can start posting on their own behalf if GROC demands the Second Amendment, hopefully. Well, if you're looking for a friend who's an AI data analyst, go to Julius.

What analysis do you want to run? Chat with your data and get expert level insights in seconds. Julius is the AI data analyst friend who works for you. They're now GDPR compliance for our European audience. Huge. This is a big moment. Bowtide Broke says, my boomer dad looking at me after I've made fun of him for the past 10 years for buying gold off those stupid infomercials on TV.

Yeah. I had an idea for a D to C gold play, cash for gold. These businesses do very well and they all advertise on TV. And I was thinking about like what would the e-commerce version of that look like, targeted advertising? The real play would have been gold on chain, like a vault in Switzerland that then issues tokens against it and then allow people to just convert in and out of ETH. And I, it probably, probably exists, probably exists. I probably exist. I think the issue in

crypto is assets that might go up, you know, one percent a day are not super exciting. You know, people like the 100,000, 10,000. People like stable coins and those don't go up at all. Yeah, but stable coins are not obviously to earn yield. Now like legally you're not able to, the issuers can't pass the yield back, right? The, you know, so I don't know. well congrats to all the boomers who have been holding gold for years and years and years and are now seeing it finally mooned it's very good um did you know the story of uh how roller coaster tycoon was built i have no idea about this tell me i didn't i'm i'm learning about it for the first time uh aaron says if you ever think you're a good programmer just remember this dude wrote roller coaster tycoon by himself in assembly earning 30 million in royalties that's awesome jack says imagine the is obsession this guy had to be able to build roller coaster tycoon by himself in assembly imagine when he woke up from his dream of assembly he immediately jumped into more assembly he woke up excited to get out of bed not for the money but for the love of the game

it is like the it is just like another level because playing just playing roller coaster tycoon is already in some ways feels like programming assembly but he went he went a layer deeper uh what yeah what a what a why they sold over four million copies do you ever Do you ever play roller coaster tycoon? No. Tyler? No? I think it's before my time.

Do you think that Gemini 3 will be able to one shot? There's the third highest grossing video game of 1999. Okay, that is our eval. Gemini 3 is coming out. We're, of course, partnered with Google, partnered with Gemini, Google AI Studio, the fastest way from prompt to production with Gemini, chat with models, vibe code, monitor usage. I want to know, as soon as Gemini 3 drops, can we try and one shot roller coats?

Roller Coaster Tycoon, maybe we need to include some TBPN branding. You know, instead of a roller coaster, there's a giant horse ride. There's a stables for stable coins. There's a whole bunch of different tokens and totems from our lore. But it seems like it's an incredibly complex piece of software when you actually play it because you have to understand how all the different, like all the different rails, like interact. And they can't like, you know, they have to. to mesh perfectly to actually make the roller coaster make sense. They have to kind of understand

physics. They need a world model. Chris in the chat says my favorite part was cleaning up the throw-up in roller coaster tycoon. Is that real? Or is that, is that a... I remember roller coaster tycoon kind of happening at a higher level of abstraction like SimCity. And so, yes, there might be throw-up if there's a mess, if there's a crazy ride and there's food. And it's like, if you put the food next to the ride, the people will throw up. And so you need to, like, deal with that by having a bathroom right there or something. A lot of it's, like, congestion. Have you ever played City Skylines?

Have you ever played this game? Have you ever played any, like, world builder or any of those? Does Factorio count? Yeah, yeah, Factorio counts. So, like, the same idea of, like, when, in Roller Coaster Tycoon, I feel like you don't individually click on single people, but honestly, I don't remember. I'll need to dive back in. I was more of a, I like Stolaris.

was a good one. Well, speaking of delivery tycoon, DoorDash will use Waymo's robotaxies for delivery in Phoenix. Customers will have to come down to the curb to retrieve their orders from the driverless car's trunk. Paula says, private robotaxy for my burrito. And that is all you need to know about America. Why? I mean, America is, we live in a country that you can get a burrito delivered to you by a robotic, a robo driver is absolutely incredible. Pretty sick.

I mean, we kind of already have these. I don't know, like, near a lot of colleges, they have those like little, they're like the Starship. Yeah. So it's like basically the same thing, but scale that. You have the founder on the show. Yeah, it makes a lot of sense. I don't know.

I like it. I don't like making burritos at home. I like them delivered to me. Making a burrito is kind of a hassle. You have to prepare all the different ingredients and then mix it all out. I'd rather have that done abstracting. I remember in college trying to, trying to be like smart and like save money on food and like going to Trader Joe's and putting together all the ingredients for something and then ultimately making like two burritos worth of food and it costs more than two burritos. And it's like the math, the math isn't really working.

Yeah, where do you think this goes? Do you like this is the waymo is the last mile, but then you need the humanoid in the back of the waymo. that hops out and actually takes it to your door, right? I mean, a burrito dog. Oh, you think the dog is the solution? So the dog is riding like a Dalmatian on a fire truck? It's just chilling in the trunk with the burrito. I think, yeah, he picks it up with his mouth.

Play that sound cute. Yeah, yeah, I think customers will want door-to-door delivery. I mean, it's door-dash. It's not curb dash. people want it delivered to their door like I have stairs they lead up to my door I'd prefer my my private

my private plane for my burrito to arrive at the door maybe I mean maybe a drone that flies up out of the back but I think the dog might be the most economical because what does it way more cost these days half a million dollars put a $5,000 dog in there

that's not that much more money it just jumps up and then you imagine You imagine you get a, you get some drinks from DoorDash. Ooh, that would be tough. It's getting delivered with the last mile or the last hundred feet is a robot dog, and the dog's shaking it. I mean, usually when you, I feel like when you get drinks delivered,

it already looks like a dog was like, you know, shaking the bag, basically. Greg Brockman said thanks, Jensen for the hand delivery of the DGX Spark, best delivery service ever. Amazing to see so much compute one petaflop in such a tiny form. And of course, Jan says Zuckerberg's sending a new batch of $100 million offers from this picture. Zuck has already sent much bigger offers to at least one person I can see in this picture. At this point, and of course, they turned it down. At this point, when you take one of these photos for the timeline, you have to put a bunch of plants in there.

You need to be like, okay, everyone who's so loyal to the company that they can go accept a $100 million offer and then sabotage the competition. you're getting in the photo, the true believers. Who hears the true believer and wants to go be a spy at the other company? Who wants to go in and push them to launch fast, to quickly launch a vertical slop feed over the meta vibes have? Yeah, the game theory gets very interesting around who you put in your big picture.

But I think realistically, at this point, the meta team must know all of these people. people probably by heart based on, you know, their contributions. If we can put together a list, I'm sure the meta team can put together an even more robust list. Based 16Z says AI bubble ended in the funniest way, 2022, AGI soon, 2023, AGI soon, 2024, AGI soon, 25, never mind, we give up. It's just erotica and ads. It's not just erotica and ads. And cures for cancer. And gambling. Henry was inspired by my roulette chat GPT experience, and he went to chat GPT and said, you're a blackjack dealer, deal cards with ASCY art. And it looks fantastic. It says, all right,

let's play a hand. You're at the table. I'm the dealer. Minimum bet, $10. Here we go. Your hand, Ace 9. And it actually, it actually creates the cards for you. So it deals you cards. Could you, I wonder if you could hack it to, and like, put your subscription on the line. Just say, basically, if you win, I'll upgrade. Oh, yeah. Okay. If I win, this is the way to. I'll churn. Yeah, I'll see how it plays. Yeah, it's like, okay, I know that there's real money on the line. It doesn't want to link you with your bank account, but it's like, I understand. Back to LTV is important. Yeah. Yeah. So, uh, so, uh, so Henry, uh, he wants to stand. Uh, Chachibis says, you stand at 20. Strong play. Let's see what

the dealer's got. The dealer flips 10-7. Dealer has 17. Dealer has 17. dealer must stand on 17. The result, Henry wins, 20 beats 17. Do you want to play another hand? He plays another hand. And he wins, oh, he wins again. The dealer busted. And so he was pretty deep in this.

He went a few hands deep with chat GPT. But let me tell you about fall. Generative Media platform for developers, the world's best generic image and video models all in one place, develop and fine-tuned models with serverless GPS. use in on-demand clusters.

Amazon admits they're losing an AI, says Bucco Capital Bloke. Do you want to read this? Internal documents obtained by Business Insider. We got to check out Business Insider. Sounds cool. We love business and would love to get an inside look. Reveal that AWS has flagged a fundamental shift in how startups are allocating their cloud budgets. Increasingly, they're delaying AWS cloud adoption and diverting spending toward AI models, inference, and AI development.

tools, instead of pouring money into traditional cloud services like compute and storage, these companies are spreading costs across newer AI technologies that are easier to switch between according to the documents. That's really, really interesting. I would not, I would not expect that AI models, inference, AI developer tools, all of those were incremental and not substitutive at all. I would assume that if you build, even, if you're like, I'm a rapper company. I'm going to consume a ton of tokens. I'm reselling tokens because I buy from chat GPT and I sell to lawyers, right? I would assume that you still need a big EC2 instance and you need a big, you know, a bunch of databases on AWS. You need a bunch of

S3 storage. Like, I would be surprised. Tyler, what's your experience been? I mean, you think I mean, I think of the real takeaway here is startups are not flocking to AWS for, running like the whole ecosystem yeah yeah yeah in years past there was definitely a path i think yeah i just look at this as there's fundamentally there's clearly a fundamental shift and they're not capitalizing on it in a big way i agree uh tyler break down the uh the workflow that you have when like we're we're working on a new application you vibe coded that uh as you deploy it i saw i think it was on vurcel but how does that flow out, like, how do you think about that? Yeah, I mean, usually, like, I'm just, like, used to using AWS for a lot of stuff.

Okay. So that's, like, where a lot of the back-end, like, database stuff live. Oh, it is? For that, for what we built, what we're building specifically, like storing all the posts and stuff? Okay. But, yeah, I mean, like, no one is running local models on EC2 because it's just, like, way more responsive than you can just go to, like, Lambda Labs or some, you know, cloud like that to get the actual GPUs.

Interesting. So, I mean, and I don't, there probably is somewhere on AWS where it's, like, You can easily, it's almost like an open rudder thing. I'm sure they have that product somewhere, but I don't see a lot of people using that. I've never used it. It's more like, I think of ADWS as like very basic, like normal, you know, web two backend stuff.

Yeah, I would just assume that if you're building an AI native company, you're buying a bunch of tokens. Like, that doesn't mean that you're spending less on AWS or like, or GCP or Azure. But maybe it's like because of Gemini, you wind up spending more on Google Cloud because you're like, well, I'm already in the Gemini ecosystem or something or even with Azure, I'm using

Open AI models, so I'm sticking around there and so I'll just scale up on Amazon. Like, it doesn't feel like if I'm an AI native company, like for some reason, like AI is substituting for like I need a database. Yeah, that's probably true. I mean, I think also like with rapper companies, they're like text-based, right?

Yeah. So text is not very, data intensive, right? If you compare it to like Instagram, like if you start Instagram, it's kind of expensive. You need to store a lot of images, which is like, you know, it's a lot of data.

Where text, even if you're storing a super long, like, you know, chat back and forth, it's just not that much data. Yeah. So I think, I mean, I'm sure they see some increase, but it's not like insane because of AI. Yeah. There's definitely like a lot more nuance to this quote.

I feel like every AWS executive is probably furious at this and probably wants to clarify this a lot. And I think it's probably worth clarifying because there's clearly a lot more going on here than just, oh, I use AI now, so I don't need cloud. Like, that doesn't make any sense to me.

Anyway, what you need to do is search every byte with turbopuffer, serverless vector in full-tech search, built from first principles, on object storage fast, 10xGU for an extremely scalable. Thank you. Here's something interesting that's not in the timeline that Elon posted earlier.

The X recommendation system is evolving very rapidly. We are aiming for deletion of all heuristics within four to six weeks. GROC will literally read every post and watch every video to match users with content they're most likely to find interesting. This should address the new user or small account problem where you post something great but nobody sees it. We will also be adding the ability for you to adjust your feed temporarily or permanently just by asking GROC.

Toki says S-H-I-T is about to get so effed up. This will be interesting to watch how it rolls out. This is exactly what you thought was happening. Remember, there was basically a transition a few weeks ago where posts, it used to be, if you posted something, like a few thousand people

would see it within the first, like, 10 minutes. So before views were public, like, You would just post and you'd kind of wait and you'd be like, okay, I guess it's a banger. And then once the view counter came in, it was like I'm seeing like a CTR, basically, like a click-through rate. You would immediately see. Or conversion rate. Yeah, conversion rate. You see like, okay, I got a 1,000 views.

I got a 4% like rate. I'm probably doing okay. 2% like rate. Probably not that good. 10% like rate. This could be a really big banger. And so every poster kind of started calculating those metrics like within a few minutes of posting anything. But the new algorithms completely shifted that because you just have to wait a day because

Grock has to sit there and read all the posts apparently. I think that's actually what's happening. And so we like you got to let the post come. You got to feed your bangers to Grock first. Maybe, maybe. And definitely use some Halloween themed hashtags. That'll definitely help. But yeah, it's basically just like like let's let let it cook, let it simmer. It's actually much better psychologically, I think. Oh, we got to, we got to bring out our guest. Our first guest, the chat demands it. Let's go. Welcome to the stream.

Alex, how you doing? Rolling in. How you doing? All right. All right. How are you doing? Welcome to the show. Okay.

Stem FM mixes. All right, let's turn it down just a tad. For the first time. Amazing to have you. Introduce yourself. Who are you? What are you doing? My name is Alex Klein.

Yeah, I'm the inventor and founder of STEM player, which was the original AI music offering in the consumer space, which did a ton of revenue, made a lot of noise, and started a lot of noise, and started a lot of research lab around discriminative AI for AI music about three and a half years ago. Okay. And we've been quietly, quietly. So this all started in 2021? I've actually been building with my team of friends and colleagues in London since 2000. 13, where we launched computers that kids could build and code themselves, like Lego. We took those to retail. We did over $100 million of revenue on that business.

No way. Yeah, ran into someone who became my closest creative collaborator, one of my closest friends, and one of history's foremost anti-Semites, Kanye West. Yeah, truly, truly the number one. The number one guy. But a good vibes guy, ultimately, who I will always have love for, worked with him for a very long time, launched the STEM player. He's no longer a part of...

He's no longer a part. He kind of came on to help us distribute the product. We were working at the time with Ghostface Killer. Sure. We've since had like Cuevo, Justin Bieber, Metro, Timo, all around it. Kanye was, of course, an amazing partner for a time, but for the past four years, we've been Kanye-less. Yeah, and glad, honestly.

So, I remember seeing the value with the Kanye album because Kanye's famous for finding incredible samples and then reconstituting those into iconic songs. Well said, yeah. And so the value to an artist who's working with you is that they can still exert the curatorial artistic vision, but then allow the user, the consumer, to kind of, of interact with their album in a more programmatic way and reconstitute the samples that have been selected that all have the feel of that particular artist, but it's more interactive. That's a really good way of putting it. It literally is their music. It's just

their music distributed. And for the first time since the original interactive streaming deals were done, we have in place now and signed interactive streaming deals for full catalog accessibility on STEM FM from the major labels, which means, you know, if... Wait, so break down the business in the most simple way. You guys make hardware devices. You have this speaker on the table. You have this headphones that are wild and very cool. I got to try them on before this. But, and then what is happening at the actual software layer and then at the licensing layer? Absolutely. So how nerdy should we get? As nerdy as you want. Extremely nerdy. Okay. So,

The primitive, of an LLM is a token, right, a part of a word, right? And the very first technology that enabled this incredible boom of like multiple, multi-billion dollar outcomes in three to five years, and the text domain, the speech domain, was that next token prediction. We, at the very outset, partly because of that collaboration, we went so deep into what's called source separation which basically is a form of discriminative AI where we are using masks and unmasks

to reveal the vocals, bass, drums, and instrumental the stems of the song. Oh, so you can reverse engineer the stems from just a full MP3 that's already mixed out? Exactly. Allow me to demonstrate. So like we got some like Keelani, Liljati. Sure. And that's going to transition now.

So that's like an AI transition to some LeCube. And I'll bring in. So the part of Kendrick and Latube are in now, right? And then the original primitive, the tokenizer. Oh, you can go back to the... The pure vocal. And now we're going to get some Macmillar drums. Pure MacMillard drums.

So like the tokens of words, stems are the tokens of songs. Okay. And by doing a form of next token prediction, we can give you the songs that you love, but in a new way. Yeah. Now, you could just go to the artists and say, hey, like, upload all of your stems to this, correct? No, no.

We get a feed from the, we get a feed from the major labels of the artist exactly as they would release to Spotify, Apple, Museum, Amazon title. We ingest. And then you decide. This format, the STEM FM format. The full song is transmitted from the server to the client, but in this new format, where on their end, this re... Does the broader public have a general misconception that STEM makes cool-looking speakers? No, because we do. No, no, I know you make cool.

I know you make... I think it's like... They think they look cool, but it's a misconception. No, no, no, no. I'm saying it's a misconception because it's much more than that. The thing that's interesting is that you're turning music into a game that feels like somebody can, you know... What I was saying... What you're doing here, I'm looking at it, it's not like you're doing...

No, this is software. This is the most advanced music intelligence in the world. The reason I think the general public hasn't used it yet and may have used applications that made music that sounds bad is because the ones that launched earlier and raised huge amounts of venture capital were based on really an antiquated technology paradigm for generating music.

It's better to generate music, as the genius of Kanye proved, as you put it, John, through recompositing samples, stems and existing elements than it is to diffuse a song frame by frame. That's why all that shit sounds like Musak from Suno and Udia. It doesn't sound like music, you know? So this is a world of music that is giving a new value to music, which I think is the kind of key goal, because streaming is already growing so much,

but we want to share the pie because more people are participating. Anyone can upload, mix their music with Mac Miller, mix their music with anyone legally make money, participate. How do you think about, the continuum of, like, hardware devices. Like, if you, on one side, you have, like, the beats pill, um, no interactivity. And then, uh, you have your product.

And then I think one notch more customizable. You have something like a teenage engineering. Yeah, that's a good one. And then you might have a lemur or, or some sort of, uh, or some sort of control surface for Ableton essentially where, where you're, exactly. Yeah, where you're, it's like more professional. This is, is this prosumer? Is this purely consistent?

This is a consumer product at the end of the day. We started really by making it the world's best portable Bluetooth speaker. It's the loudest portable Bluetooth speaker I've made. I've got to speak into some mic here. And then it's also way smarter. It's got compute. It's got storage. But I mean, we are asking Sam Altman about this.

With SORA, it is a different app. On Instagram, probably less than 1% of my time on Instagram. Most people's time on Instagram is actually creating. uploading, filtering photos, 99% of the time is scrolling. On SORA, it feels like a lot of people are spending 20, 30, 40, 50% of their time creating versus consuming. And that's an interesting new paradigm. Maybe it's better, maybe it's worse, I don't know. But like with this, how much time do you think is spent just, hey, just play the normal song versus I actually want to be interacting with the song.

I want to be creating and remixing. Like, how do you think it splits down? A great analogy. I'll turn back on the music. This time it will be coming, not from my phone, but actually from the device. The device itself. And we'll just use it like background for now, just steely down. And then when the moment strikes us, we might create.

We might customize. Yeah, what's most interesting to me is taking something that everyone loves, right? I mean, not everyone. You can find people out there. I don't like music. It's like, okay, like you should get an award for that. But I think there's something to tapping into this, like, DJ, culture, everybody wants to be a DJ, but then turning it into a form factor that anybody can use almost

like a simple drum, right? Yeah, yeah, like, yeah, exactly. What, um, yeah, what, so when you look at the, I was, I saw some reporting on Suno's revenue growth, uh, recently. Where is that revenue coming from, from what, from what you know? I'll say what I said to somebody the other day. I, I think, um, you know, I mentioned a lot of big artists who we work with. And the reason we work with a lot of big artists, because, like, we care about music as well. And some of the statements that were made by certain companies, if you look at the legal filings around the, I think, $5 billion damages or more that is being claimed against Suno and Udiot at the moment by every major label and every major publisher in together, some of those statements, you could see that they weren't true. And so

that's all I'll say on the matter, which is basically the statements at the record labels. No, that the companies make. Oh, interesting. Yeah. Like, they were basically trying to say that you couldn't prompt the thing with, like, names of artists, and you couldn't prompt the thing with, like, real melodies,

like, smoke on the water, like, and it just, if you could look at the outputs and use stuff, like our stuff, which detects chords, melodies, beats, and you could see it's copyrighted outputs. Now, I like cool new things as well, but that was my thought on the number. I was like, is the number true? Yeah, my question also was like, is it prosumers? Is it creators using it?

Like, where's the actual revenue? Who's going and spending money with you? Yeah, I mean, if I compare it to ChatchipT, I imagine that generative audio apps are not used. Like, very few people go to ChatchipT and say, like, actually just write me a full book. It's more like, get me some recommendations. books I might like at this point. And I feel like in the musical context, you might, you might ask one of these AI music generators to come up with a few different melodies that could inspire you to ultimately write what you wind up writing, or take me through a bunch

of different chord projections, or a different, what does it look like if this is arpeggiated, or what does it look like if it's in a different key? Like, there's all these different ways that AI as a tool can just be used to kind of like add twists and explore the creative canvas. What would it sound like if Kanye and Taylor got in the studio rather than fighting? What would it sound like if Drake and Kendrick got in the studio and made it together? Yeah. Like that to me is the thing that people want to. STEM can do that.

Yeah, absolutely. Do you want to prompt something right now? Like, I don't know. We got to do Metallica, of course. Yeah, I was going to say with Benioff. Metallica. Shout out Benioff as well. Yeah, yeah.

Shout out Mark Benioff. That's my guy. He's massive. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. What, yeah, yeah. Yeah, I mean, the, there was Open AI news just yesterday. What about, how about Metallica and Pop Smoke? There we go.

Let's give it a try. We're going to add Metallica. What was the news from Open AI about the, the Martin Luther King Foundation said, hey, stop. Yeah, that was crazy. Generating Soras of Martin Luther King's, I have a dream speech. No, it was just, I think that, but a bunch of other, like, kind of scenes. Yeah.

I did see that going viral on Sora. Let's go. We've got to send this to Benioff. At the next agent force, we've got to get Pop Smoke and Metallica on stage together. Yeah. It just sounds safe. It's like people already doing this in remix call. It's like the top 15 songs are all remixes.

And you did that, like, 20 seconds. That's crazy. 2007, 2008, the, like, the whole, like, mashup culture was really huge. There were a couple DJs that they're, that's their whole thing was mashups. And they became extremely popular. This is, this is great. This is kind of a bop, but it's the most unlikely combination ever. Well, you, you prompt today, this is your prom.

It's the Harry Potter Valenciago of music, potentially. But, yeah, I mean, the. Just like getting lost in the music, oh, yeah, that's funny. But, John, you put it really well. What is this creation consumer percentage in the future? Like, what are your design inspirations? I feel like those headphones, we've talked to Carl from nothing. And when Carl Pay from Nothing came on, he had a pair of headphones that were also very counter-positioned against what Apple's doing.

I think it's very dangerous if you're starting a consumer tech company or building. a consumer product to try and steal from Apple's design language, because you're just going to get steamrolled. Yeah. You've gone a very different direction. He went a very different direction. You two are on opposite ends. I feel like that looks like human flesh almost, whereas his looks like complete clanker coated. But what are your inspirations? How do you land on this particular material? My chief inspiration as a designer is God. My chief inspiration is God. But to put that in more tech-friendly terms, like nature and science.

nature. Nature and science, mathematics, principles of mathematics. And then what... It feels almost kind of UAP. Yeah. Like that was a concept. Alien technology. Yeah. That's the... Well, the Apple, like, campus looks kind of like a UFO

in Cupertino, that new huge, like, UFO circle. But it's very glass. It's titanium. And this is very, like, fleshy almost. So, yeah. Yeah, a couple of questions on my side. And so being able to put this experience together legally seems monumental, right? Yes, exactly. So the music industry is clearly very afraid of AI.

They're sort of reluctant, clearly like engaging with it and excited about it in certain instances, but what in particular about this instantiation of AI music were they excited about? Was it that this is able to basically tap into DJ culture, stuff that's already happening and give people this I think the reality is it's because it's hot. Like, the music sounds better. So the music people like it more. You know, we've all had fun like doing the older generation of music AI, which is like text to song. But because it makes us laugh and it's,

and there's a business there, some producers. I was having lunch with my friend Smino in Chacha Chicken. He's an amazing artist. He's got 3.5 monthly listeners, fantastic storyteller. And 3.5 humans. 3.5 million monthly business. 3.5 million. Okay.

He's got a half human, you know. One child, three adults and one child, listen. 3.5 million. That's a huge. Equal. You're so full human. But he was saying, like, they bring the old generation AI into the studio sometimes. Like, people bring it in to pitch to him as the musician.

And he's like, oh, okay, that's, oh, wow. The tech is cool. But I was like, did you use it? And he was like, no. Artists aren't really using it. And I think that was one. Also, the business model here, one, seems a lot better for you than just selling like a smart hardware device.

Oh, fuck yeah. Because you can sell a subscription that's actually aligned and that it's a novel product and that you have the software AI layer on top of what probably is like pretty standard streaming platform. What's fascinating, that was what I thought when we started really building this as a service, an old catalog streaming service three years ago, but to do what we do, to hear those parts of the audio separate, to have them blend into each other seamlessly like a perfect DJ, to have the ensemble of models that detect these musical features, that rich metadata be usable almost like sheet music for the front-end experience running on all these platforms. We basically had to change what music streaming is. We built a new audio codec on STEM FM. which is a, it uses a new concept in music processing called music aware processing, well audio processing called music aware processing,

where basically the core logic of how the file is chunked and dechunked as well as unwoven time multiplexed out of its interleave format, that logic is aware at all times of the beat and key of the song. So you think everything on Spotify, you listen to, All the tech going into it isn't listening to the song. It just sees it all as audio, audio frames, frequency bands. So we've effectively encoded the intelligence of a DJ in the streaming codec,

which is like, that's been the hardest thing we've ever worked on. And shout out to the team, like big fucking shout out to the STEM FM team. Holy shit. Is licensing, like, purely commodity at this point, like Apple Music, Spotify, title, do they all pay the same royalties to musicians or are musicians thinking if I partner with you, I will get twice as much revenue per stream or something like that? Effectively, there were two very new things we did. The first is that music aware processing, that more interactive music stem format. The second was our licensing and revenue model, which we've come up with an

idea that we think can really level the playing field, create an even bigger music industry, and get artists the fair understanding of their payouts and the fair payouts in a way that can stick and break the time, break the bad vibes in the industry around business right now. And it's called the time-based artist compensation system. T-backs for short, or time-backs, if you like. Get your time back with T-backs. So it's very simple, all jokes aside, you're a subscriber to STEM FM, you pay, say, $20 a month, the listening time you spend with a particular artist or their label, that will be the percentage

of your subscription fee as a percentage of overall time. There's no pay per stream, which is really a hang-up of the CD age. It's really like detritus from when people were selling these physical mechanical CD. So you're sort of creating like a creator-revenue share. pool that then's divided up based on listening time. And that's more aligned with artists who might have three and a half million months of listeners that listen to them for like 30% of all their listening time, but they're getting a tiny fraction.

And so if I'm listening to Metallica and Pop Smoke at the same time for my entire month straight, because I'm just obsessed with that mashup, half my revenue share goes to Metallica, half my share goes to Pop Smoke in theory. Yeah. And the business, as you were referring to earlier, the unit economics of streaming are tight. So basically you have to make sure that you provide like the major labels with a deal that gets them involved. But we also open up to verified licensors. They can come on our platform and upload and participate. We'll pay them out. What happens if somebody's generating AI next token music and they try to bring it on STEM.

Yeah, we were thinking about converting our entire three-hour podcast into a song. A three-hour musical, a technology and business musical. A musical, and then uploading that as a three-hour song. We'll do it on the platform. I'll send it to you guys. TVVN, the musical, the Daily Musical. I feel like it would be great. It's like an odd couple story.

It's beautiful. Yeah, let's turn our Benny off. How much AI music is getting uploaded to streaming platforms broadly every day? I don't see AI generated music recommended in my feed. I don't know about you. I've only seen screenshots of like this AI artist went viral, but I haven't actually seen it surfaced in my like, you know, recommendations or anything like that. A few people I know have like songs have like gone viral and the headline was like it's an AI song.

But the truth is, is a human producer. Oh, interesting. And that's what Smino was saying as well. A great musician can make music. out of anything, including these more musacky things. Yeah, of course, of course. It's like any other tool. I mean, it's the same thing with EDM.

Like, for a long time, people were like, you know, oh, Ableton is not like, you know, the same as having a, you know, whole orchestra or band or real samples. We thought about getting a live band to instead of the sound board. Soundboard is, you know, technology 2.0. I actually just realize, could even try prompting this TBPN musical right now, yeah, because you can just prompt stuff with YouTube videos. interesting so to pull that in yeah it has to be a short one though like a clip we we have shorts on

there we have shorts on youtube for sure yeah but um how do how does the all the legal debacles between uh the generated music platforms and the and the labels actually get resolved well i think what what really happens in the end is that you know the the labels and the artists it's ultimately they're they're providing the product and the technology platforms are the licensors and sub-aggregators. And so I think it ideally gets resolved with like a deal where the power of advanced technology and the beauty and purity of music,

which itself is a technology, can coexist. It feels like with YouTube, initially it was like if you uploaded copyrighted content, they'd just take it down. Then it was like, hey, if you use a Metallica song in this, video, we're going to send the money that you made from that video to Metallica, which was fine. But then what happens when you use five seconds of a Metallica song

and then five seconds of a Justin Bieber song? You need to parcel up and split out all the revenue. Used by our video today. For sure, for sure. Well, that was the amazing thing. And is it fair use? It needs to determine fair use. But I think LLLMs can do a lot of that already. I don't want to be like

selling too hard, but basically this, as we got into the research here with Queen Mary University, we have We've been in a deep research partnership with their Center for Digital Music for three years now. You know, submitted papers, accepted papers, literally changing the paradigm of beat, structure, and segment detection in music information retrieval. By using a more structural approach, that can actually detect music better than the previous generation approach. So these are early experiments for us.

How many of these do you want to sell over the next year? because I imagine this is like the perfect product to go viral on TikTok and suddenly I mean we did we did we sold out and did about 20 million dollars of revenue on the stem well we need the numbers yeah and we still like we haven't launched this in like two years a new STEM so but and we really put the technology into this one like this is where we went hard on the technology for like a long time. The first one was like almost the art house film of the tech. Like, oh, look, you can decompose the stems.

This one is like the block. But this is like the blockbuster. So how many do we hope to sell? God willing, this will be, this God willing, you know, my voice to God, we won't be getting these JBLs or whatever. Get this. It's a smarter speaker. It sounds better.

It's 299, you know. Let's go. Jack Dorso was talking. Get that gong again, John. What the fuck? thanks no i just think i i uh it's rare that i see a new consumer electronic device outside of like a new macbook pro and i think i really want that last question for me thank you so much yeah i'm excited to get it it feels like something that's like i can imagine uh my my uh saturday mornings with the

family my son's like i want dinosaur music and i want dragon music and i can be like well i want Imagine dragons? I want pop smoke. So we're getting pop smoke dinosaur music. First 1,000 Units Founders Edition Available now on stemplayer.com. No way. Sorry, you'd want.

Yeah, last question for me. Jack Dorsey was taking a victory lap about title, not having ads. Okay. What's your take on ads? Are you going to put ads there? Ooh, we have no plans to put in ads. And we've actually, in our signed deals

with the majors, we have agreed not to do ads for the first two terms. And we, it was never like, close to my heart so and I think you know the goal is to increase the value of the music sure so look at this I just bought it took me two seconds yeah kudos I'm excited to get one I really appreciate that and yeah you know no it's just like it's it's it's rare to see a consumer hardware device yeah that feels like it is genuinely a novel experience yep it's very rare but not so novel that it's so different that I'm like ah this like like gathering around and enjoying music with

the group and this, like, DJing is like a Lindy thing. Yeah. And then also have a sustainable business model, right? Where it's like, you're selling this hardware device. I'm sure you'll have some margin in there, but hopefully I'm entertained by it for a long time and you, you know, my LTV is, is infinity. Yeah, be great. Well, thank you so much.

Thank you so much for coming on. This is super fun. Great hanging. We have Hamant from General Catalyst coming on in just a few minutes. First, let me tell you about profound, get your brand mentioned in chat, GPT, reach millions of consumers who are using AI to discover new products and brands. Noah Smith says, solar power is good, batteries are good, air conditioning is good, AI is good, nuclear power is good, stop thinking like a medieval peasant people. He's putting on a clinic

of techno-optimism. He says, I will say, though, that smartphone-enabled social media is not good. He posts on X. I am a bit of a, of a, what's the word? Eliezer in the reply, solar power is good, batteries are good, AC is good, nuclear power is good, gene therapy is good, building a new alien species of superhuman intelligence with very little ability to understand or direct it is not like other technologies and will kill you and your kids. Rough, well, you know what, won't, linear. Linear is a purpose-built tool for planning and building products, meet the system for modern software development, streamline issues, projects, and product Roadmaps. Our next guest is Hamant from, he's the CEO of General Catalyst. He has a new book

out called The Transformation Principles. You can go and buy it today. He is in the Restream waiting room and now he's in the TBPN Ultradome. Welcome to the show. Hamant, great to meet you. Great to see you. How are you doing? Great. Thanks for having me. Please introduce the book. What was the thesis? I'd love to start with the overall principles that you were trying to convey, and then we can dig into some of the more nuanced topics. Absolutely. So I started writing the book around November 22, when you start thinking about when chat TVD was launched.

And the observation was that there is peak ambiguity. I've talked a lot about it. You look at all the major industries that are changing because of geopolitics. And you've got this technology that. also is, it's unclear what its capabilities is going to be. Obviously, we're all developing and figuring that out. So when you have complete ambiguity of what you're building in, only things you have to give you a clarity of purposes, your principles.

So I want to take a step back and think about what is it that our true North really is as we frankly power the world with AI, which is what the next 20 years is about. That's my life's work, that your life's work. You know, it's all sort of, we're all sort of living that era. So that's why I wrote the book. Was your goal to give people a framework for developing their own principles or to instead share your principles that you think other people should adopt? I guess a little bit of both.

Like, what I did was I showed there were three three lines to the book. One is the nine principles I put in there when I learned them, how I learned them. And some examples of some of the founders in our ecosystem, you know, folks like Kasar had applied intuition, Brian and Andrew, what are they doing? How are they actually applying these principles in the way they're building the company? So that was one. Second is, I think as you may know,

I'm probably a decade into transformation of the healthcare system. And talk about ambiguity and complexity there. And what are the principles that are working for us as we're making progress, start to enumerate those? And the last is, you know, I'm very keen on, you know, how do we retool the founder proposition in our own industry and transform ourselves? You know, what does it mean to go beyond venture in serving founders to build next generation, most important companies in today's world where the conditions are different?

They talk a lot about that. So that's another transformation we're in the midst of. So those are the things I leaned on. Yeah, I mean, I'd love to zoom in on health care specifically. I mean, there's principles like the Hippocratic Oath, doing no harm, protecting patient information. But then there's also principles about, you know, like agile software development. Like that is in many ways a principle. Where do you, like how are you thinking about transforming healthcare?

How are you thinking AI fits in there? And then also the work General Catalyst has been doing is definitely on both extreme ends, both high-tech and also almost like Wall Street, not to put it in those terms, but I'd love to know more about your thoughts on health care. It's such a great juxtaposition of the agility in technology and the Hippocratic oath and the seriousness of healthcare as a sort of framework for learning.

The way I have always thought about transformations is to put different cultures together. So over the last 10 years, I've been part of starting a bunch of businesses in health care. Livongo was one of those. We did Hippocratic AI recently. When the language models came out, speak of Hippocratic Oath.

And we built Camille, which is at this point, probably the largest software company serving the health systems. And with it transparent, focusing on delivering healthcare to consumers that are employees of large companies. And every one of those,

the key was you want to be interdisciplinary. You actually want to bring in people from healthcare that understand the seriousness of the work and the fact that it's not a free market and then you want to bring people from Silicon Valley that actually will cut through the inertia and I always say bring the ignorance and imagination to make a difference and transform the industry. Yeah, do you think that there's more opportunity in healthcare at the seed stage or the growth stage? This is something where we keep going back to where we've talked to a lot of founders who have built a piece of

kind of SaaS and they got an install base and they have a bunch of customers and they're still in founder mode and they're still have a bunch of really hardworking highly entrepreneurial folks in the organization and now AI is here and they can just amplify everything that they're doing versus trying to you know come to market with something that's very AI laden with you have a dot AI domain and like you you have to really convince someone that you're the new solution and then the thing that they just got excited about a couple of years ago and onboarded two, that was the new thing. They have to rip that out now or they have to bring you in.

And I'm wondering how you're seeing the opportunity in healthcare from like scale-ups versus like completely new ground-up solutions. It's such a great question, actually, especially given that we went through a pandemic five years ago. So, you know, at the core of GCC, CED is very much what we focus on. We brought on three different seat firms around the world onto the platform in the last two years. And so there's a ton of certainty of innovation that's happening because of AI, because of advances

in hardware, in the way you think about healthcare delivery sort of solutions for this next generation. So CED is very interesting for us. Applying AI to the life sciences is starting to finally work and we think is interesting. So CED

is quite interesting. But then if you take a step back five years ago, there was a Cambrian explosion of innovation to change the architecture of our healthcare delivery system because we didn't have the test, trace, isolate capabilities, the system wasn't resilient. Insurance companies were getting big balance cheese because no one was getting procedures and hospitals were looking for bailouts, right? Complete sort of misalignment of business models. So we built and invests in a bunch of companies in that period and those are now scaling really nicely, some of the ones I mentioned earlier and

a few others like AI doc and sword and city block and others. And so, at the growth stage, I think there are probably 25 to 30 companies in the healthcare ecosystem that are very important for our system going forward and we're very focused on how do we help them become truly enduring parts of the healthcare system. And then we're constantly looking for founders that are using these new technology at the seed stage

to reinvent parts of the stack in that overall architecture. What categories do you think the winners are decided and then what categories do you think are still up for grabs? We had a lot Gil on. He was saying, I'll probably botch it, but something along the lines of like in the medical scribe space,

there's enough heavily funded players that have real traction. You probably don't want to start the next one that's maybe four or five years behind. But how do you view where the biggest opportunities are? And then what categories you think, maybe look out there's already a power lock company, basically. If I take a step back and say, we're going to do a product-centric transformation to the sector,

not a business model-centric one. You would say, at the end of the day, our delivery organizations provide the product, which is we take care of people's health. And so there, when somebody engages with a health system, broader health system, not just a hospital, patient engagement, physician tools, which is where the scribing solution that Eli mentioned fits,

you think about payments, You think about AI workforce, if you think about sort of diagnostics using AI, huge amount of progress in all those areas. And then you say, you know, what's missing? What's missing still is the interplayer of the pair provider relationship. That still sort of is a place where there's not a lot of trust. Pairs think providers build too much. Providers think pay too little.

So it's just like army of solutions in the middle of them to create that arbitrage. I think we need to do something about that. And then there is one other thing where there is a new movement, which is around longevity. If you look at Brian Johnson's work, there's cultural movement happening around that. And you look at the work that Roe is doing with GLP-1s, which is the beginning of that longevity move.

These are real phenomenon. And I think that's a place. There's a ton more that needs to be done so that the system moves towards incentives that keep us healthy and out of the hospital versus a high-performance but really expensive and affordable care

if we go into the hospital which is how do you think of the interplay between the longevity movement and the traditional health ecosystem in my own life as somebody who discovered biohacking maybe a decade ago and just started reading online

I would always just try to solve problems myself and then you know hopefully you know at some point or another you're like actually you should probably go to the hospital now and so it's kind of a harsh transition and maybe it doesn't need to be that way. It's very different. One's focused on staying healthy,

there's focus on fixing your health when it's broken. So there literally are like two different mindsets and the reality is that all of our incentive structures are about you going to the hospital. Hospitals want heads and beds. That's how they thrive, right? They actually want to see revenue. Consumer wants to not ever go

to the hospital. So we need to kind of re-architect a system in a way that we solve for this cognitive dissonance. It's all about incentives. Yeah, is there some incentive shift from, I mean, a lot of, like, there's some general meme about, like, when private equity buys a hospital, like quality of care goes down. And I'm wondering if there's, like, bringing a venture mindset,

a growth mindset, a turn, like a growth instead of like cut cost mindset, could actually, like, improve those incentives. Like, how are you grappling with that tradeoff? As you may know, we just bought a health system. Yeah. It's in Akron, Ohio. It's actually got a, you know, it's the largest employer in Akron. It's the hospital system and has an insurance company.

Yeah. And we're trying to show is, like, if you could close your eyes and you said, what is the one thing that if it could exist will solve a lot of this, that longevity solutions or investment in our health is reimbursable. It's not today. There's no model that I'll show what's the RO on this where insurance companies is to pay for it. insurance companies don't pay for reimbursement. So the cultural movement around

longevity... And the reason, just I'm an investor in function health, and from my understanding of that market, like insurance providers are not so inclined to pay for something like function because people switch insurance all the time, so they're like, I don't care

that you're going to be healthier maybe in like 30 years. Like, I just took the sentence out of my mouth. That's exactly what I was because the insurers don't know if they make an investment in longevity, they're going to be able to capture the value on the other side. So it's just like lighting money on fire for them, potentially. Exactly.

So that's the misalignment I'm talking about. So the question is, how do you really change a system where the ROI on longevity is understood and financeable? We need to do that as a system. Yeah. When you, this may be a totally stupid question, but when you see some of these data center buildouts, do you ever get inspired to try to not just buy a hospital system, but just create something? you know, a your own mega project? Is there even any potential ROI and like building something from the ground up?

It's a great question. And we're actually doing that with a company in India. No way. Cool. And I think there's a leapfrog opportunity in some emerging market. We want to show the model there. And the other place where I'm very focused on this is, you know, we have a large amount of capital that's allocated for rural health system rebuild.

system rebuilt. The government's allocated about $50 billion for it. And I think if we went and deployed that money in old school hospitals again, that's going to be a falling knife that we've created and will burn that money into the ground. And so there's an opportunity to rethink the topology and the architecture. What do we do there? So that's the place where I'm also focused on rural health. And what do we do about it? We actually built a company called Homeward Healthcare that's focused on this particular problem, sort of post-pandemic, because So all those systems got eviscerated. And then the future hospitals, I just think it's easier to build in some of these

high growth emerging economies to show the models, and then we'll bring that here. So it's a long game. It's going to be in the next 20 years. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, a couple weeks ago, you were going, uh, sort of viral for some comments about triple, triple double, double, double, start up growth rates. Uh, can you kind of unpack your, people get so triggered by growth rates.

Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. Anytime you're trying quantify what success looks like, you know, you're stepping in the bees next a little bit. I found this counter example that proves you're categorically false. But maybe walk me through like what you're seeing in venture. Our growth rates really faster than ever before. Yeah, what was like the nuance there? Yeah, give us more context around those comments. And I never go viral, by the way, because like my boring systems.

content that nobody cares about. This is not boring. I love this. We're going to get 10 million views on this. We're going to turn this into a TikTok. We're going to go. Okay, there we go. Let me say something crazy then. Actually, the last time I went viral was when I was working on saving Silicon Valley Bank. Oh, yeah, that's right. We got what was going to happen. It takes three, four years for me to create another viral moment. That's good. Look, I would say it was a very innocent empirical comment because I just look at how fast the companies are getting built, and they are getting built a lot faster. Durability is a is a separate question. because we'll see which of these can then transition into durability or not.

But as far as growth goes, it makes all the sense. If AI is truly an accelerant, you know, and you've seen we've done significant amount of work, I think the deepest amount of work around these AI roll-ups, we have 10 companies we're building there where you can actually acquire these service businesses and transform them with AI, almost treat those acquisitions as customer acquisition and apply AI. So you just have all these different ways to, accelerate growth and take share in this AI world, that it's happening.

So when somebody comes and says, we're going to go from one to three to nine, and we're routinely seeing companies that are, you know, one to 15 to 20 to something fairly large, which, by the way, there were very few companies that did that in the last iteration. Samsara was one of those that I was part of that sort of grew that way, but there were very few. When you see that routinely, I mean, I had actually just gone to our team saying, guys, just recalibrate. you have to change the terminology on what best in class is because we want to be if we're going to do when we do seed we want to back every amazing founder when we do growth we want to be in the

best in class growth companies that's our business and it's just very clear that the bar has shifted okay so um i want to i want to dive deeper on some nuance there uh we have this uh like kind of coinage that we're trying to get to go viral maybe it'll work one day of like the barnacle economy the idea that if I started a company that is, I just clean toilets, but I get Anthropic as a client and they're 10xing, their number of office space and their revenues and everything. My business is going to be 10xing, but I don't really have a venture-scale business because I'm not building in a monopolistic category or building any durable technology or any intellectual property.

I just happen to have my hero client is growing so fast that I am also growing fast. And so there's companies that have kind of bolted on to, the new hyperscalers, the foundation model companies that are growing so fast, they're growing really fast. At the same time, there's other companies that are operating in legacy industries that are also growing fast, but there's always the risk of durability and pilots. So where does, where do you start, are you more worried or more digging in on a company that's overly indexed on a foundation model company's growth or more risky to, oh yes, they're getting Fortune 500 pilots in this one niche, like the oil and gas industry,

but it might not be sticky because that big company moves slowly. And even though they're ramping up revenues, we don't know if they're actually going to stick around in 10 years. Yeah. So I think, let's just actually split those parts. It's a great, great question and something that we take a step back on everything that's coming into the applied eye layer and, like, looking at it with that lens.

If you have a company bringing in the foundation monocop capabilities into an enterprise, which I think tends to be the most durable relationships are on the big enterprise side, we are looking for, are you going in and are you learning how to expand your relationship with those customers? So before what used to happen was you would build this like MVP, you get product market fit, and then you figure out how to create repeatability to go do that over and over again. In the AI world, so there, the advantage is great product design and precision. In the AI world, you get into a customer, you do forward deployed engineering. Let's think about.

big enterprises, and you build trust with them, and then you figure out how to do more for them. All the ones that are scaling really, really fast, that's what they're doing very effectively. So if you're building that kind of a deeper or deeper relationship with customers that are going to be around for a long time, that's durable. We like that. We're looking for a lot of that. And those companies are not growing triple, triple, double, double. They're going way faster in different verticals.

I mean, that's just the reality of it because, like, you know, we're meeting a lot of these. On the other side, I think the companies that are creating wrappers on top of these models, many of them are not durable. If you remember, when Chad CPD3 happened, you had a bunch of companies that got created and they disappeared. So every time there's new modalities and capabilities, some stuff happens, and a lot of that doesn't exist. But there are some companies getting built that are cultural movements. And they are going to redefine human interactions with technology and software. And I think those are quite interesting, and they will, they may look like lightweight products, but they're going to be durable long term.

And then there's a bunch that's going to disappear. I mean, that's the way I sort of think about it, because a bunch is just going to get absorbed into the models. But the ones that are focused on rethinking design and rethinking the human relationship, they will have durability on top of these models. Yeah. Ech ambiguity. That's what I always say. It's like hard to figure out what's what right now.

Yeah. Yeah, you've made a bunch of, I don't know, call them like America. and dynamisms type investments, but I'm wondering if you could rank a few other international markets that are interesting or underrated. You mentioned doing some work in India. Are there any other countries that you think where there might be pockets of opportunity for your business over the next decade? We do two-thirds in the U.S., probably about 25% in Europe and 10% in India.

And I'll actually say, I was used to say this couple of years ago, the U.S. is going to be the consensus market. Europe is the contrary in market and India is a formal market because of the high growth and that we need to be in all of these and be intentional about what it takes to create value. And I think Europe is super interesting. There's like so much

talent. People are waking up that they need to innovate. We can take the classic view of there's not intensity, but we're just seeing pockets of interesting collaboration. We're actually catalyzing a lot of it. Our European team is doing a lot of that.

And in India, we're just looking at saying, what is the U.S. India sort of collaboration going to look like? Because there's a lot of complexity there. And then what is required for building societal systems inside of India, in education, in defense, you know, in health care, that we can help build. Because we've learned a bunch from here and probably mostly learned what not to do because of the healthcare business models. And we can help them think about it from first principles. So we can be good partners there. And so the way that works out is, as I said, we're building hospitals in India. We're transforming healthcare.

We're innovating in India. We're transforming in the U.S. We've built a defense prime. We're working with defense primes in all the markets. We've got Anderil here. We've got Helsing in Europe. We've got Rafi in India. Because you need to create, you know, our phrase that we use is global resilience and abundance.

And so each of these markets and key industries wants to be resilient. And there's founders. They're working on great stuff. We want to help them be successful with that. And that's the way we've approached it. What's your primary inspiration for the firm? Boy, look, I think I... And I would give you, I mean, the classic example was like CAA and A6C and Z.

Is there an equivalent for you, or do you pull from a variety of sources? You know, my longest adding LP relationship was with Andy Gold and the producer in the Princeton Endowment, who was retired last year and I used to always look at hey we want to be one of the elite when I was in Boston we want to be one of the elite mentor firms which I don't know when to consider us purely venture capital even though seed is our core

and he would always stay around your own race and that really stuck with me so I try not to focus on mimicking whether others are doing there's so many smart people so many creative people here doing interesting things we gotta do our own we've got to be on our own journey The thing I would say, though, is I do want to transform industry systems, not just

sort of be sort of certain dividends venture capital investor in companies. And so everything we do, all the stuff people look at us doing, is all created to build a mode for the founders. So they can just be more successful and become bigger, because if they get bigger, then we have the opportunity to transform the industries. If all those companies I mentioned in healthcare can actually be $100 billion companies, many of them we started, then we have the license to actually help rethink the system. How do you think about risk across the platform between early and some of these really scaled up investments? We were enjoying a clip from Rolloff earlier this week calling Venture.

It's a return-free risk, we called it. But he was just kind of putting all of Venture. more or less in a single bucket. And there were some comments as well on people saying that, hey, it's actually like, it's a big difference between, you know, the $100 million, $500 million checks that are going into companies at a later stage

in pure venture. It's private equity and venture cloning. Was the comment, yeah. Look, I think if you want to do really transformative stuff, you've got to take risk. Sure. So if we're not taking, no, you don't want to take stupid risk, But I think you want to be smart about how you invest across different stages of risk.

But like, you've got to take a risk. And you have to have a vision. And this is some of the stuff I talk about in the book, which is incrementally improving these systems is not going to get us there. I think we're sort of at an interesting place in society where AI is so disruptive. So we've got to build new systems. And in order to go from deep incumbent to new systems at scale, you have to bring the incumbents along and partner with them and also invest in their success and do things that are just radically different

from how we're used to building certain dip with these companies and sort of classic venture. So I do think you have to take a lot of risk. Like I thrive on risk. You know, failures don't bother me as long as we're well-intentioned. We're doing the right things.

I want us to do that. And, you know, otherwise, I'll tell you. Like, venture is, the LPs, we'll say, it's becoming more of a beta. Because we can get into it. These companies raise a lot of money. If this is going to become the way the system is behaving now, and we don't take on working on large problems, which for me,

a lot of them equate to transformations and sort of thinking more systemically, then, you know, with the illiquidity premium, are the investors excited about the return this asset class is going to generate? I think there is a conversation about that as well in the way things are today. I like asking all authors that come on the show about. their favorite books. I'd also be interested to know if there's any books that inspire you in how you think about building the firm. Are you more of like a House of Morgan guy or a Steve Jobs biography guy? Are there any books from, you know, through the history of business that have remained on your bedside maybe for several years? I mean, I focus on individuals that have been

inspiring to me and really understanding those as a way to look at the journey. And actually, Ken Chinald is my chairman. He asked me once, is modeling yourself after. It's like another way of the same question you asked earlier. And I was like, well, look, there are three people that really, really inspire me. One is, you know, if you look at Elon's work, the problems he takes on and the way he executes, I'm just like, you know, it just makes me feel like the bar is so high in terms of what's doable.

It's like, it's inspiring. Like, we want to all, we should all be learning from the way he builds. You know, and the problems he chooses to work on on the passion with which he operates. So as a builder, that's very inspiring to me. As an investor, I'm a fan of Warren Buffett. He thinks 7,500-year horizons. And so, you know, the best hold period is forever is the way they think. And that's the way we want to think.

You know, we invested in Stripe in 2010 when it was just a couple of them. And then, you know, we invested 14 times since then. And I really think that's a relationship that can be a 30, 40-year relationship. You know, those guys are going to do lots of enriching stuff. And I want us to be sort of bootstrapped to their journey, as we think about our journey. And then I would say from a leadership perspective, which is also important, I really respect Ken, who, you know, obviously is our chairman, is a lead director at Berkshire Hathaway on the board of Airbnb. And he instills this whole sermon mindset. And that's just the way I think you want to treat each other in your own country.

company towards your founders, which is really an important stakeholder versus and society at large. And are we building with that kind of a mindset? And then what do I want to prove with all this? I think to your piercing question before, like the inspiration to me is, can we take this philosophy and build the world's biggest companies? Can we actually do that? Because, you know, that is going to be required as we think about really transforming with

AI. it's going to be all about transformations and can we go accomplish that what's your uh guidance to partners at the firm around media because there's certain venture firms that their guidance is broadly get as much attention as you possibly can however whatever whatever it takes but that very much does not seem to be your approach and i'm curious i i i'm going to give you two-part answer to this one is um

if we think about transforming industries, you need four levers. You actually need to have the capital, the innovation, the policy, but then you do need to create a cultural movement. And so media is a really important part of winning hearts and minds towards what you want the world to look like. And I think in that sense, it's very important. But it's got sort of a purpose towards it. And, you know, it's sort of inspiring how you guys have quickly come up to stage. And, you know, I think you can actually intentionally say, here's the influence we want to have on this ecosystem,

and you can drive towards it because you've got a platform, and I'm sure you guys think that way, right? Totally. I want to be famous, so I get noticed for the sake of being famous, and that's going to give me a deal for. My observation is that you have to become more and more fringe to actually be noticed, and it actually starts taking an impact on you as a human being. I'm seeing that with a lot of people that play this.

game. And is that going to allow you do your best work if you're fundamentally changing in response to how to be successful in your sort of media metrics? And so if you're the person, kind of person who can say creative things, but stay grounded in your core, then maybe it's for you. But if it's going to change your core, then you might have gotten the followers, but you may not have the substance to do something. At what cost? It would be my big thing that I see has a failure mode for a lot of people that go on that path. What do you look for in young people that join

General Catalyst, where you're hoping that they'll be with the firm for decades, eventually become partner, have a huge impact on the firm. What are you looking for at the young phase? Look, I think a true

sense of purpose, because that's what drives conviction. And I would say a lot of people get in this industry because they think they can make a lot of money or they think it's prestigious it gives you power and prestige there's a lot of that if you look at the people that have done really well they didn't grow up i mean just literally think about any of them they just didn't just they ended up here yeah i came to gc for four months because i felt like i built a shitty company this was in 2002 and i want to do it again

i was 26 yeah and i'm here you know and and so everyone that has done really well well, I'm not saying I've done well, but like I just, I study those people and they just had unique trajectories to get here, not a, they chose venture as a career. Yeah. And so, so that purposeful sort of journey and wanting to do something substantive, which it then gives you courage and conviction, which is the essence. You've got to have that to be a good investor. What is a.U.M. now?

Somewhere in the 40s. Too small. Forty what? Too small. 40 what? 40 billion. in. I think 400, 400 soon. Congratulations on all the success. I think you've been fantastically successful. And thank you so much for coming on the show. Yeah, I wish we had more time. I have

a lot more questions. Next time you come on, I'd love to get an update on the customer value strategy. We didn't get to that. Oh, yes. That is an informative. That's a big part of how we're thinking about the proposition being changing for companies and how to serve them. We'll talk about another time. Thanks for having to have you back. We'll talk to you soon. Cheers. Bye. tell you about numeralhq.com, sales tax on autopilot, spend less than five minutes per month on sales tax compliance. It's sales tax AGI. And our next guest is in the Restream Rating Room. Rob takes from Radical Ventures coming in to the studio. How are you doing, Rob? Radical Rob. Hey, guys. Great to be here. Thanks for having me. Welcome back.

I want to go through BCI. I want to go through the latest Forbes piece. What, I mean, I feel like you've spent years at this point writing about it. about AI? Are you just over AI? Is AI done? And you're just bored of that? And you've got to move on. You got to pivot. If you're in AI, pivot to BCI. What's going on? There is definitely a lot of a lot of noise in the world of AI right now. I think BCI and AI are actually closely related. And BSI will be kind of one of the next really important foundational technologies that impacts how AI gets rolled out. But I do think a big part of our jobs as VCs is to kind of think about opportunities and technologies that are not yet obvious and mainstream.

And I think BCI falls into that category in the sense that it's not ready for prime time yet, but I think it's getting closer. And I do think it will have a really big impact on how basically human intelligence and artificial intelligence fit together. The merge, the merge. It feels like one of those technologies that's always 10 years away, like fusion. But take me through the history. When does this whole story start? There's the Utah array. I want to to know about that? Yeah, totally. So BCI is not a new technology.

It's something that's been around in a research context for decades. The very first BCI was actually in a human was demonstrated in the 70s and the early 70s. Researchers at UCLA basically using EEG, which is not invasive technology, we're able to get patients to be able to control a cursor on a computer screen just with their thoughts. That's kind of like what we're seeing from NeurLink, right? It's like not that far off, but it's been... 55 years now.

So we're super interested like what happened in the intervening years. Yeah, yeah, exactly. So that was like a very basic unreliable prototype, but it was kind of a concept. The first invasive BCI

and maybe just as a quick like, quick definition, between invasive and non-invasive. These are kind of the two main categories of BCI technology. Invasive technology requires surgery. It involves putting electronics like inside your skull

directly on or in your brain. And so Neurlink is an example of an invasive BCI company where you have to cut open your skull using a surgery called a craniotomy and put the chip inside. Non-invasive technology does not require surgery. It's just sensors that you can put outside your head. You know, they could be embedded in like a consumer device like headphones or a hat or something like that. So the trade-off between invasive and non-invasive BCI really does boil down to a trade-off between like accessibility on the one hand and ease of use versus signal quality. and how high fidelity of signal you can get from the brain. And it's a lot about, like, value, right?

Like, if you have a disability and you cannot use a computer and somebody says, I can give you the surgery and you're going to be able to interact with the computer, that's a great trade. Whereas if you say that to me right now, I'm going to say, I'll wait, you know. I'll use the mouse and keyboard, actually. Yeah, yeah.

I'll be fine. I'll stick to the mouse and keyboard. Yeah. Okay. I think my big question is, like, at what point is the invasive approach, like, so tried and true every day people? So in the 1970s, it was non-invasive. When did the first invasive stuff start happening? Because neuralink, they're, like, popularized it but didn't invent it, right?

Exactly, yeah. So invasive BCI, the first invasive BCI was implanted in a human in the 1990s, and it was this device called the Utah array, that you referenced John. And then, honestly, I would encourage people listening to, like, go to Google Images and look up Utah, right, just to see a picture of it. Like, it looks like a medieval torture device. It does. It's so scary. It's literally, like, a bed of needles. And you literally, you, like, cut open the skull and you just jam this set of needles into the brain.

And so the Utah, right, to be clear, was, like, a really important breakthrough in the history of BCI. And it was the state of the art for a long time. And it made it possible to do things like go from thought to. to text and like, you know, I understand people's, uh, people's thoughts directly, but the brain damage, basically. Like, if you're, if you're jamming these needles into your brain in order to record from some neurons, you're also killing a bunch of other neurons. And so that was, that's the reason why the Utah right never really like took off from a commercial perspective, but it did lay the groundwork for subsequent generations of invasive BCI, including

neuralink, which obviously is the most famous invasive BCI company. Okay. So, uh, Now, was Elon the first person to really take BCI seriously? Because it feels like there's a proper market map and you have Sam's working on stuff, Sam Altman, founder of Open AI, and then Elon's working on stuff. And then Nudge also exists. There's like a number of like basically like billionaire founders that are all making serious bets. Are all of them, is this one, is this like an Anderol type story where like you need a billionaire who's just going to sink a bunch of money into this?

Or are there any companies that have, like, actually just gone from ground up in the traditional fashion of, like, they raised a seed round and then a series A. Like, it just feels like a very different path. So, like, maybe take me through the market map of what's happening right now. Yeah. It definitely, like, started as from a startup perspective as a category where, like, it was largely funded by billionaires. Like, obviously Elon had Neurlink, Brian Johnson, had a BCI company called Colonel that he poured a ton of money in two. Yeah. Do you, do you remember, like, what that actual was.

that invasive, non-invasive, like what the plan was there? He explored both. It ended up being non-invasive. And they developed like a new modality of sensing non-invasively, which is actually pretty cool. You're like, shoot sensors through your skull, like, shoot lasers through your skull to, like, detect the blood flow in your brain, which is like, is still used today. And the company's still going.

But, but yeah, I mean, it's worth noting, Neurlink is like definitely the most well-known BCI company. but it wasn't the first. Like there were startups before Neurlink. There's one called Synchron out of Australia. There's one called Parodromics, which did kind of follow that more typical path that you described of like Raise a Seed, raise a Series A.

And certainly in the past few years, there's been an explosion of them. So now there are a ton of BCI companies, both invasive and non-invasive. What are the, it feels like Neurlinks had a very, like, kind of like barbell strategy where they'll tell like a sci-fi store, about, like, you will be able to fully, like, communicate with AI and merge and whatnot.

But then there's also, like, this ultra-practical, like, if you are a paraplegic, you can use a mouse cursor and click and use a computer. Are there other pitches that companies are offering in terms of just, like, reading information from the brain or writing information of the brain? Like, how do the value props, like, stack out right now? Yeah, I think one of the really interesting. differentiators of the different invasive BCI companies is like what's the end use case that they're going for? And what NeurLink has been focused on to date is computer use. So like all

the demos you see of Neurlink patients like Nolan Arbaugh, the first patient, is using a computer, which basically comes down to like mostly controlling a cursor and potentially keyboard. And there's obviously a ton you can do if you can control a computer. So that's like a very valuable use case. but a harder, more advanced use case, which I kind of think of as the Holy Grail for one of the Holy Grails for BCI is decoding language, like basically being able to instantaneously understand words from a person's brain and like write them or send them via text or email, like that basically is telepathy more or less, especially if you then like convert it to another person's BCI, like so it goes directly from brain to brain.

And so that is a more ambitious target, which there are startups that are going after. To this point, at least publicly, NeurLink hasn't published anything related to language decoding. Of course, it's something they're thinking about, I'm sure. Yeah. But I think that's one really interesting use case. And then another one is being able to control objects, like whether it's controlling a robotic arm or like controlling any sort of object in the real world, which, again, it basically is telekinesis. And like, these terms sound really, like, you know, fantastical. paranormal, but, like, that is essentially what the capability that will enable, which is cool

to think about. Yeah. Are the non-invasive BCI companies ever targeting, like, a higher level abstraction? Like, look, we're, we're not going to be able to reliably get an X and Y coordinate for a mouse, but we can tell you that you're stressed out, or we can tell you that you're overly tired, or we're telling you that you're dehydrated in your brain or something like that something that's more abstract but still something that a consumer could actually adopt wear a hat they're not going to go into surgery for it but more of like a biohacker use case yeah that's exactly right and those use cases have already been pretty well proven like there are actually non-invasive bcii products on the market today that like can you know detect if

you're stressed or if you're if you need to sleep more or you know if you need to focus better those sorts of things i think the the really big question like in my opinion the single most interesting strategic question in the field of BCI right now is like the conventional wisdom has been that invasive BCI is necessary for the most sophisticated use cases like language that we were talking about because you just need to get that high fidelity data. But non-invasive approaches have been getting better and better very quickly, in part because non-invasive sensors have been getting better, but much more so because the underlying AI is just getting a lot more powerful, which lets you extract a lot more signal from the same noise.

And so, honestly, no one really knows, like, where the performance ceiling will be for non-invasive BCI. There are companies out there today whose vision is to, like, build a thought-to-text, language-decoding technology platform just using non-invasive sensors that you can just put on your head. It's not yet proven if that will work or not, but, like, there are definitely people aiming for it. And honestly, I think no one can say for certain that it won't work.

I think like they're all kind of pursuing the scaling law strategy of like we saw it with language models, just collect more and more and more data, build bigger and bigger models and like they'll get better and better. And so far like no one, no one yet in the world has collected like a mass, a truly massive data set of brain data paired with language data. So like who's to say whether, you know, what might be possible if you really try to scale this stuff? Yeah.

How do you invest in this category right now? How do we make money off for this? How do we make money off of this? No, but because probably my personal default would just be to try to pick up some neuralinks secondary and just ride with them because it still feels like we're early. And if you just fund a bunch of alt neuralinks, I think that might be kind of a tough game. But how do you think about it? Yeah, Neurlink is definitely the, like, the most well-known, the most well-funded.

Obviously, it's Elon Musk, and it has, you know, everything that that comes with it in terms of being an Elon company. It is also, I mean, just thinking tactically from an investment perspective, it's also extremely highly valued today. Their most recent round is at $10 billion. There are a handful of very credible Neurlink competitors, including a couple of... It could be undervalued. Yeah, do we have any idea of, I mean, do we have any idea on market size for these things? How do people even underwrite these types of deals? Are they building up to like the number of paraplegics that need, you know, the FDA approved surgery for that indication?

Or is it more of like a consumer like TAM? How do people think about that? Yeah, I think you basically have to think about it in two phases. The first phase is the medical phase. The second phase is the like consumer slash humans merge with AI in the singularity phase. And I think the TAM math is a lot more concrete for the medical phase. And just in the medical phase, it is a massive TAM. If you look at like basically, if you just take everyone in the world that's paralyzed,

that's like tens of millions of people and you can break it down by different causes, ALS, spinal cord injury, et cetera. You know, many, many millions of people. And the industry is kind of circling around this price point of 150K per implant with the expectation that insurance will cover it. Like it's not, it will be something that a lot of people will have access to because they won't have to pay out of pocket. So if you just do the numbers on that, it can be a many, many tens of billions of dollars market. But I do think that like the really big vision, the big prize that ever, you know, that gets people like Elon Musk and Brian John. and excited, is the longer-term vision of this being, like, a consumer product for a more

generalized population that lets anyone, like, seamlessly merge with digital intelligences and artificial intelligences and so forth. And, you know, if you think that eventually DCIs will be as widespread as iPhones or something, then obviously, you know, you can talk yourself into a huge dam. Imagine not having to open the SOAR app, but just having a sore implant. And so you're just sitting there. Yeah. Just at the trough. It'd be made. Are you tracking any of like the intermediate steps like there was that company that launched a demo that it seemed like it would put something on like your jawbone and it would be able to hear what you were whispering. We tried the meta rayband displays and those were able to pick up on a very low audio signal. You could kind of whisper and it would still be able to interpret it with AI into translation. Is that is that actually like a critical path? in the tech tree or is that kind of just a side side note or do you think that that that whole tech wave will be like a big precursor yeah there's there are a lot of different opinions on this so

what you're describing people often use the term silent speech yeah describe the category which is exactly as you said like you have a sensor somewhere you know outside your your skull it can be like as part of a headphone or like a hat or something um that can detect the words that you're saying if you just kind of like barely whisper them or even even if it's subaudible if you're just kind of like barely moving your lips and moving your tongue yeah and the idea is uh it lets you use all like all the value and possibilities of voice applications but without having to make noise and so like when you're in public for instance walking on the street or on a bus or something that like that can be a lot more useful than you know you probably don't want to speak out loud to your phone yeah i think

to your question of like is this just like an intermediate like branch of the tech tree or not i think it really depends like bullishness around silent speech i think really depends on how soon you think true bcii will be ready for prime time because um silent speech isn't recording brain data directly it's recording like downstream muscle data and so if you can actually decode what's coming straight from the brain in an accurate way you can kind of just leapfrog silent speech yeah but if you think that there are real limits to what's possible non-invasively with BCI, then silent speech might be like a more practicable path. And you mentioned this company alter ego out of MIT recently had this really buzzy launch video that like they frame it as basically telepathy,

which is a little misleading because it's not actually reading brain data. It's like the guys like mouthing something and kind of moving his tongue. But yeah, that is another maybe like more achievable near-term version of this. Chris in the chat asked, what about Chinese infantry using BCI to reduce PTSD

and increase reaction time? Do you know anything about that? I haven't heard about that specifically, but there's, yeah, there's no doubt in my mind. I mean, the CCP and Chinese startup ecosystem are investing a lot in BCI. In the U.S. also, like one of the big

use cases, in general, one of the big use cases is, like, treating neuropsychiatric diseases. So if you can, like, precisely modulate brain activity, you can address a lot of health conditions, like PTSD, but also, like, OCD, depression, Parkinson's, et cetera. It's basically a lobotomy that works, right? Yeah. Which is, like, kind of crazy to think about, like, our lobotomies was that, like, somewhat on the right path?

It's a very hot take, nuclear take, potential. Yeah. I mean, to be clear, like these forms of neuromodulation, like, you're not actually taking any of the brain out the way you do with lobotomy. But yeah, lobotomies are just like were very crude attempts to like modulate the brain. Yeah, try and turn off certain regions of the brain. And if you can do that with some sort of electrical frequency or neuromodulation, like you're in the same realm, which is people want a lot of FDA trials before they run that. But I don't know, maybe over in the Chinese infantry they're they're they'll do it live yeah um is is there anything else that's going on in the bcii industry that we didn't cover that uh like where all this goes next uh are we like it's certainly not a trend i guess the big the big question for me is like how do you apply the lens of what we're seeing in AI to the bcii world especially with regard to the fact that we might at some point be on a scaling, like on a scaling curve. And we've kind of seen this with like Tesla's now doing like large scale training runs for self-driving technology. Google just did the

SELTA sentence project on the Gem of three models. And you can see that they're starting to scale that up, but they're not at like, we need to build a one gigawatt cluster, a cluster for AI and bio. And I doubt that any of the BCI companies are like, we need a one gigawatt data center to do are training, because they don't even have the data yet. So it feels like we're still really early, but is that the right lens to be, to be tracking this through? Should we just be looking at how much electricity is going to be going into the training run and then we'll know that it's actually working? Yeah, I do think, like, you often hear people comment how they're, like, we keep discovering new data modalities. Like, there are more and more modalities than people

realize, like there's language and image and audio and video, but like, biology is, there's a lot modalities there and robotics and so forth. I do think neural data, brain data, is a new modality that we're just right at the very beginning phases of starting to research into. And so there really haven't been any large-scale efforts to build foundation models for brains, as you're describing. I do think that that's inevitable. But I also think, like, I think this stuff is really relevant for the trends we're seeing in AI because I do think this is the inevitable next way in which humans interface with AIs, and you can imagine, like, basically having a BCI that is connected to, you know, whatever the latest AI model is, where rather than having to pull

out your phone and, like, type of question into chat, you can just, you know, think something and the answer will surface in your mind. Or if you're, like, brainstorming in your own head, you'll have, like, a thought partner there that's brainstorming with you. You know, you'll be able to instantly communicate with others. Like, once you start kind of playing out, out the possibilities of what could happen if there are BCIs at scale. It does really change the way humans like interactive information, basically. I'm sure L.A. Izur Yukowski loves this. It's fantastic. It is exciting, though. And I appreciate you coming on the show and yeah, thanks for breaking it all down. Have a great weekend. We'll talk to you soon.

Yeah, thanks for having me. Cheers. Bye. Let me tell you about fin.com. A.I. The number one AI agent for customer service, number one in performance benchmarks, number one in competitive to bakeoffs, number one ranking on G2. Tyler, are you going to get a BCI intern challenge? Get the Utah array installed. Can we pull up a picture of the Utah array? I put it in the time. It is very scary.

You've seen it? You've seen this thing? It is just straight up spikes in your head. It's just a few wires. I feel like... Like most protein powders, it gives you brain damage. Yeah, this thing. Yeah, this thing.

This feels like just one notch forward from just actually getting a lobotomy. But it's a rough-looking device. but I guess it actually worked in some ways. I've got some data. But, you know, I've often said that I would be, I wouldn't be the first person to go on the rocket to the moon or to Mars, but I'd be like number five or 10, as long as the first couple people make it back.

I'm good. What about you? What number of person do you want to be? Do you want to be the first person with the? Millionth? You want to be the millionth? A million. Neurrelink customer.

A billion. I'm probably in the first, first 50. 50,000, I would say. First 50,000. Yeah, I mean, there's an interesting thing. What? Speaking of, like, Dumers, I don't know if it's Eliezer himself, but a lot of people have said, like, one possible solution to, like, the kind of Doom snare is that it's, like, the merge.

Like, that would actually be, prevent, like, the, you know, AI is taking over because, like, we are. We become the AIs. They can't take us over if we're them. Yeah. Joady, what number are you, do you think? You're going to wait 100, or one million? Big, big, big.

We're going to need a bigger gong for my number. for your number. You're going to get up there? I don't know. I mean, I've talked to Nolan from Neurrelink. He seems like he's having a great time with it. He gave me a good review. I'm down.

Wire me up. Yeah, the value right now from what I've heard. Yeah. I'm pretty quick with the mouse and keyboard right now. So I don't necessarily need the feature that it's offering. Yeah, and I don't necessarily need you to know my, I mean, I'm sure you can, they'd be able to build the right user experiences around this. but my first thought to a question

is not necessarily my best thought, right? And so if we're sitting here prepping this show and we're just having this instant communication that's just like our worst take going this way and then a bad take against a bad take going back. Yeah, we would need a lot of translation. But imagine puppeteering adio with your BCI. That could be the future.

Customer relationship magic. Adios, the AI native CRM, that builds scales and grow. your company to the next level. Can you imagine? So a lot of these companies, they, you know, a common tagline right now is, you know, Adi is the AI Native CRM. Imagine when the BCI era, when AI is old news, you don't want to put that on your landing page. BCI is the new hot keyword. So you say, we're the BCI Native CRM that builds scales and company, it grows your company in the next level. I'm excited for all the landing pages to update to BCI Native. That's what I want.

I also want you to get an eight sleep. And Jordy, I heard you had a rough, night. I think you got to get a sound effect ready for me because I got a 93. I slept for seven hours and 25 minutes. Let's go. You got a 47, four hours, 28 minutes. And dinner last night was in Malibu. I thought you just went right home. But, uh, you know, the rough nights come for us all from time to time. Left late. Eric Jong says all according to plan. He is highlighting the fact that, uh, a lot of his, everyone with the same name as him is absolutely correct. They're either building, cooking or at thinking machines or opening i it's a good time to be eric jong uh congrats to legends uh legends we we still have to do the eric jong we oh and this is eric jong is quote tweeting a different eric jong i love it

they're going back and forth on the timeline yeah we got to get all of them on the show we do eric jong day you're all talk about opening eye, thinking machines, cooking, and building. Tyler, can you work on this? This seems like a good project. We want the six up, all of them. Logan Robeson says when Walmart jets take off for store visits, no one but the pilot knows where they're going. I wonder if they have them all blindfolded.

Rumor is you're only told a few things to help you prep for the trip. Domestic or international, how many days you'll be gone, climate of the destination. What does this mean? So this is like executive. I imagine, like, people at corporate going to visit stores and seeing how they're happening. Okay. They don't want to call ahead and be like, hey, you've got to really, like, this is to prevent

executives that are responsible, I imagine, for like, certain things within a store to not front run it and be like, hey, make sure things are clean. Make sure, like, everybody shows up on time. Yeah, yeah, that makes sense. They want to do a surprise visit. Yeah, so for nearly everyone, including store associates, the visit is a complete surprise. Got to keep them on their toes. when these store visits

happen the goal is nearly always the same inspect what you expect scheduling these trips and secrecy makes it possible to see the stores as they truly are no fanfare or pretending I was never lucky enough to travel in one of the jets but the purpose of these trips was not lost on me in my cleaning business we do something similar

uh anyways uh cool concept and beautiful jet and if you're long Walmart your short Walmart head over to public.com and enjoy multi-exam a multi-asset investing, industry-leading yields. And they're trusted by millions. Clyde has been at a conference.

Looks like you got a Lucy hat. He did. And a lot of other stuff. This is awesome. Wow. And some breakers there, too. He got samples. He got all sorts of stuff.

What conference is this? He got a Happy Dad hat. Yeah. He should start a convenience store, corner store that's only powered by a conference. They only sell, you could really resell a bunch of this. All of these brands should head over to add quick out-of-home advertising made easy and measurable. Say goodbye to the headaches of out-of-home

advertising. Only add quick combines technology out-of-home expertise and data to enable efficiency, those ad buying across the globe. The other thing that you need to do, genuinely, if you are running a CPG company, you will wind up at a lot of conferences like these. You will be talking to convenience store owners and you'll be talking to distributors. And as much as we like to joke about luxury watches, it is a very important aspect of the job. it really it really does like when you're shaking hands with people in this particular industry tech has been you know like you got to be an aficionado you got to like the craftsmanship of a particular watch it's a unique choice in tech but in my experience in consumer package goods

when you go to a CPG conference what's on your wrist actually matters so if you're building the CPG business maybe you should head over to get bezel.com because your bezel concierge is available now to source you any watch on the planet seriously any watch no joke I seriously got I became like fast friends with one of our major distributors talking about watches because he was super into it. Anyway, our next guest is already in the stream waiting room. We have Nathan from Air Street Capitol coming into the studio. Nathan, good to see you. How are you doing? Welcome. I was worried. It's great where you are. I was worried I was going to keep you up late because you're usually in Europe. Give us a little introduction on yourself and backstory and then tell us where

you actually are if you can. Incredible jacket too. Jackets are a great sign of respect in our cold. It is. Nice jacket. Yeah, thank you. Thank you. It's life at the AI frontier. Yes. Yeah, so I founded a firm called Air Street Capital in Europe. I invest in AI companies at the very early stage. I've been doing this for about 10 years now.

I've spent kind of half my time in the U.S. and in Europe. Thank you. And you're in the U.S. now? Yeah, I'm in New York. Oh, nice. Very nice. Yeah. Well, on vacation or investing? No, I've actually been doing a bit of a state of AI

launch tour, if you will. So he did a meet up in San Francisco last Thursday for the report drop. And then I did one in New York last night. And what is the state of AI? But yeah, so before we get to that, I've won... Is AI good? Is it going well?

One question. How competitive AI rounds at the early stage, like pre-seed C? Yeah. Today. I know. I'm sure they're getting more competitive, but I think historically if you could write a million-dollar check at the idea stage, you had

a quite a good chance to build a real position yeah yeah yeah I mean in that sense I think the game has like materially changed there's a bit of a bifurcation like you have the sort of large lab model companies that are raising you know significant amounts of money and I think those are also potentially good investments but they they definitely cater to a certain type of venture firm and then you have the other category which is potentially more pragmatic entrepreneurs going for less of the general purpose AI, but more looking at kind of what use case can they solve with a general purpose AI system. And those ones are a little bit more modest. But in general, yeah, you've seen inflation of round sizes, but also actually interest from customers to buy

this stuff. And so founders just want to take a bigger swing, want to go faster. And that's what's driven a bit of the round size increase. I feel like a couple years ago, the meme was even if you're a seed stage company, as long as you slapped AI on there, could justify like a hundred million dollar raise because who knows we might need to train a model we might be doing some real ai uh not just a rapper company here has that dissipated as it's become clearer that to win in that game you need hundreds of billions of dollars and so your like your actual cost structure should look a lot less like i see gpt four is like a capex expense basically like a huge training run and for most ai companies it's going to look a lot more like opex

until they have a customer, they don't really have a big token bill. And so why do they need $50 million at seed? I ask myself this question a lot. At the other day, to some degree, you know, as an investor, you're not the one deciding this. You know, the market sort of pumps what they will. But I think the biggest frame change, and you can see this documented in the state of the airport in the last eight years that have been doing it, is a lot of the capabilities that you get out of the box of a model today,

whether it's, you know, language, reasoning, image, video, biology. If you showed that, you know, me or others 10 years ago, we would have probably said this is magic and, like, not possible. And so I think there is just so much you can do with what's available today that it's almost a gift to the startup community that now you don't have to blow, you know, there are three, four, five million dollar seed budget on trying to build an AI system, collect the data,

and then, you know, throw it over the parapet to, to a putative customer who says, you know what, I don't care. I've got other priorities. What is this AI thing? It doesn't even work anyway. So now you can run your whole seed budget on product market fit experiments. So it's almost like back to kind of OG seed investing, which is less about what the initial starting idea is, but how capable is a team to just run a lot of experiments and find something that works and then, you know, rip it when it does. Yeah. What's the headline KPI that you like to center on in a state of AI report. I mean, you can focus on market caps. You can focus on revenue growth. You can even look at gigawatts and electrical numbers. You

could look at number of H100 equivalents that are being built out. There's so many different ways to ground the shape of the AI build out. What do you like to focus on? Yeah. Frankly, I mean, the report is about 300 pages, so the honest answer is all the things. Yeah. But, but, But so what we started doing a few years ago is this compute index where I basically combed around the internet to try to find all documented cluster sizes for various companies. And we've been charting just how much of an expansion

has happened. There in the last three years, it's basically probably like 100x increase. The other cool thing we've done is mine all open source research papers and programmatically determine which chips are used in those papers. we can give people like a leading edge view for what researchers like in terms of hardware. And so with that, we've shown, I think, the only evidence to this, to this I've seen,

which is that 90% of AI research papers rely on an Nvidia chip set. And through that kind of work, we've seen, you know, AMD start to grow a little bit as well. I don't know where, of course. It does seem like Nvidia or AMD is really picking up this year. We've seen this in ClusterMax from semi-analysis. they kind of did their, I don't know, year of efficiency or in some ways, and sort of squashing bugs. And then there's just immense pressure when there's, you know,

hundreds of billions of dollars going into the next phase of the buildout that, you know, Nvidia's margins are going to be in the crosshairs, for sure. Yeah, and strategic alliances with Open AI that I think is quite interesting. because there's uh you know if you read through the uh through the news you'll see that actually open ai has warrants in in in amd uh at a strike price of 600 yeah and so there's like some interesting incentives there to try to you know get amd stuff to really work yeah in some degree it's not as similar to like the relationship i suppose between anthropic and a ws for tranium uh and and AWS's hardware is clearly behind, you know, the bigger competitors like

Nvidia, and so they get sort of like IT help desk support from Anthropic to make the stuff work. Yeah. Do you think we're in a bubble? There's probably local bubbles, you know, all the time. I think in like our little, like, ecosystem of AI, there could be one in this like KAPX, you know, build out and all the interconnectiveness with various kinds of. companies. I think as soon as you see Wall Street Finance get excited about something, you have to

think a little bit why they're getting excited. But at the end of the day, I think the outputs of this bubble, if there is one, are really, really productive. Back to the point around, like, this technology is magic. There's so much value that's getting created. And we've documented some of this with their mutual friends at Ramp looking at how much U.S. companies are spending on AI services and that's going up. The retention is going up. Some of our investments in like 11 labs and Synthesia and others are just like growing because it's genuinely useful stuff.

Yeah, it feels very different than what about a, what was your reaction to that Deutsche Bank report on Chatt-GPT spending growth? I was really, I looked at it and it felt hard to judge because they were looking at summer basically. Yeah. And, but how did you process it? I mean, yeah, astronomical numbers. But I guess the question is like, is like, is the, is the, is the TAM for paid AI subscriptions in the consumer or pro sumer realm, uh, saturating? And I mean, we're certainly seeing messaging from Open AI that says, we want to do agentic commerce. We want to increase the monetization of our free users. We want to get into advertising potentially, affiliate revenue, API business. Like, it, it doesn't just feel like,

there's an unlimited pool of people that will pay $200 a month for, you know, a great product, a magical product, but there just might not be that many people worldwide that are like, sign me up for the $200 a month plan. Yeah. So, I mean, along that notice, I was also interested in this topic. So I surveyed about 1,200 AI practitioners for the report. And all this data is open access through it. And I was really surprised because 95% of the people who took the survey used,

AI in their personal life and their professional life and it's like 75% of them pay out of their pocket for it and 10% of people pay 200 bucks a month or more and and like this is a pretty educated crowd in North America and in Europe but I was surprised at those numbers and then the second thing to your point around like agentic commerce I think that's huge like we have some data in the rapport that shows that conversion of e-commerce that's derived from kind of agent conversations converts at a higher rate than direct and so you can imagine that like the brands that sort of jump on this earlier and create content that agents are using to to best learn like what the right solution is to serve

to their like you know human like the human that they're serving are actually gonna probably go their revenues faster it's there like this recursive cycle particularly as you know more and more labs and companies want to do this like reinforcement learning to improve improve personalization. I think there's a lot of like adjacencies that one can navigate into actually.

A week or so ago that EU announced their $1.1 billion plan to ramp up AI and key industries. What was your... Obviously people in the West Coast were kind of mocking it, considering

that the whole plan was less than Same Altman's car, but, you know, they're met as recent, uh, punch. Yeah, yeah, but, um, but yeah, my, my, my reaction was like, that's, that's kind of, the takes were funny, but like, at least, like, there is a plan. Yeah. What is this evidence of, right? And I, I guess, like, when you read it and reacted to it, I guess, like, what was your immediate thought on what you wish the EU was doing. Yeah, I mean, my reaction wasn't too similar. Uh, there's been like a meme kind of banded around in some of our friend group, which is back to the Derek Zoolander. Like, is this a house for

ants? Yeah. Exactly. Is this a plan for ants? But like, like, Europe did not build their own Google and it was fine. I mean, they tried. They like missed out on it. But like the natural state of the market equilibrium was that Google was built in America and America absorbed the market cap and European investors could go invest in Google if they wanted to. and Google eventually built data centers to serve Google products locally. But there was never like, we need our own thing.

Is the thinking around like national AI changing? Because I feel like there's a world where even if you're using some like locally trained model, like if you're going to chat.com, like it's still open AI wins. Yeah. So there was an initiative.

I suppose I'll call it two examples. So there was one in Europe, which is called Quero, which was like a government kind of funded initiative to try to build a search engine that best represented European interest because allegedly Google wouldn't because it's an American company. And obviously no one knows about it because that flopped. And then the second example is the French government not wanting to buy Palantir for many, many years, as you guys will know pretty well. And eventually they caved in after burning the same amount of money they'd probably have spent on Palantir and got it anyway. And, yeah, the latest example of all this sort of infrastructure build out in the U.S.

And in China is now every country wants to be sovereign with regards to AI. Yeah, so here's an interesting. Like, is Putin the least AGI-pilled world leader? Like, I was trying to get research on their clusters over there. They were like, we have 800 GPUs. And we're running them hot. And so, like, they're basically calling the world's bluff on. AI. I think we'll be fine without us.

I did say that he actually wanted to have AI supremacy about a year or two ago, but admittedly maybe there's less evidence of that. I mean, to some degree also, like, you know, Yandex was a pretty amazing Russian search company, and then they've since left and relisted on the NASDAQ as Nebius, yeah. One of the clouds

that's really crushing it because they have really good technology. Yeah. But yeah, I think the sovereign thing is a little bit of like a meme or a misnomer. I mean, I think it's great for the suppliers to the technology because they have yet another, like, TAM to sell to. But, you know, if you're a non-American nation and you buy Nvidia chips and you buy American technology and, you know, Chinese technology and you just install it in your country, I don't necessarily see how that makes you sovereign because these things need updates. They can be switched off, basically.

Yeah, they have a relatively short life, too. That too, yeah. Useful life. Exactly. So I think Sovereign is a little bit more of like an alignment of technology agenda and political agenda than it actually is the true meaning of the definition of like we control our fate when it comes to intelligence and running it. Okay. Moving forward, a lot of people are nervous about cracks in the global economy, cracks in the AI economy. What are you monitoring?

What are you, what do you think is the most important metrics or data points or stories to be really digging into these days? Yeah. I mean, I think it comes back down to the return investment, you know, cases of companies becoming more efficient, launching better services. I think the reason why I do this at all is because I think AI unlocks new use cases that weren't possible before. And so for so long as we see those examples, you know, propagate through the economy and it's still very early, I think we're in a good shape. And we only talked about software here, but there's so much in, you know, national security and defense that's that needs to be solved. And many of those problems, whether it's like, you know, electronic warfare or autonomy, rely on AI. And so huge time there also in Europe.

And we've got plays there with, you know, with Delian and a few others. companies in Europe. So I think it's like it's full speed basically. Yeah. Exciting times. Well, thank you so much for joining the show. Thanks guys. I hope you have a good weekend. Talk to you soon. Great to meet. Thank you. Have a great rest of your day. Um, if you're looking to take a trip to New York or anywhere, head over to wander.com. Find your happy place. Book of Wander with inspiring reviews, hotel great amenities, dreamy beds, top tier cleaning and 24-7 concierge service. It's a vacation home but better. Uh, we have some breaking news. Apple. has entered a five-year deal

to broadcast Formula One in the United States. Wow. Yeah. This is from Walter Bloomberg. This is very exciting. We were wondering where they were going to land. They landed with Apple,

and I love the Apple strategy. How much did they pay? We don't, I don't know. We should look it up. But I love the Apple strategy. Apple did the movie, F-1. So then you watch the movie. Then you're like, I want to watch the actual race.

I can watch on Apple TV. Yeah, the more I thought about it. crazy, like, it was so hard-closed. They basically took, they basically took Drive to Survive. Yep. And then they made a movie with these fictional characters. Yep. But they just like, ultimately just like, it's a barnacle economy, in my opinion. Barnacle economy.

It really is. They just like, like, Drive to Survive is this whale that was making, uh, making F-1 relevant in the U.S. I feel like. They just attached onto it. It's a big barnacle. Wait, wait, who's the barnacle and who's the whale? I feel like, I feel like, F-1 is-

I'm saying Apple started as a barn. barnacle, and they're becoming the whale. Hmm. I feel like, I feel like F1 is the barnacle on Drive to Survive, honestly, in America. Yeah, that's a good point. F1 is a barnacle on the whale that is just Netflix making reality TV out of everything, basically. But we need to figure out that. The chat says, can't believe my elderly mother broke the F1 news to me before Walter Bloomberg. Let's go.

Mother's tapped it. Ryan says five-year deal worth about. 750 million. Hmm. That's, uh... They were originally going out for 200 million for one year.

Yeah, so that would have been a billion dollar deal. So yeah, they got, they got 75% of the way there, not bad. Tim Cook. Do you remember when he was trying to wait for flag? Oh, no, I don't remember that meme. That image. I remember him being at some DJ booth.

Was it like John Summit was playing at F1? I think I saw a video. Yeah, I got a video. I'm dropping it in the timeline. Yeah. People are saying, this is the worst checkered flag of all time. Oh, no.

We'll give him some flag because he's... He's barely making it buy him. He's one of the goats. He's one of the supply chain goats. Yeah. He's, uh... Okay, here he is. Tim Cook.

Uh, this is at F1. Yep. And they want him to wave the checkered flag. That looks fine. No, it doesn't. How does one wave a checkered flag? That is not how you would wave... How would I wave it?

Would I just more gusto? You think it's just more... Look at how laxadaisical this way? It, it doesn't... It does seem like he's kind of phoned it in. Looks like he's going fishing. It does, yeah. He's at the finish line of a Formula One race,

and he looks like he's going out for trying to catch some trout or something. Wow. But he got the deal done. But if they hadn't done this, and instead of spending $150 million a year on F1, they could have tripled Tim Cook's pay package. Which one do you think? A more incentivized Tim Cook could potentially create,

more value. Which would you do? He was so embarrassed by the fishing inspired flag that he's like, I'm going to, I want to own it all. I want to own it all. I want to own it all. I want to shut it down. I want to drive the sport into the ground. He might get more satisfaction out of that than a higher salary. Before we close out, we need to expand the barnacle economy taxonomy. What we need to do, so the whales, it's obvious who the whales are. That's anthropic. That's the hyperscalers. That's Open AI, that's the foundation model labs, right? They're the whales. They're growing massively. They're putting up huge numbers. And so the barnacle can be two things. It can be one, the company that sells to the whale, or it can be merely a company that sells something that buys from the whale.

And so I feel like we need two different terms. The barnacle economy, specifically like the training data providers, right, that deals barnacle economy. But the AI for lawyers, that does not feel barnacle, right? Because they have to go out and win customers in the legal I think if you can swap out the underlying intelligence, you're not a barnacle, basically. You're shark. And ultimately, they don't have to sell to the whale. Yeah, yeah, exactly. They buy from the whale. Yes. So the shark, the shark buys from the whale and goes up. You might have a no bell on your hands here with barnacle theory. It's happening. Well, is there any kind of breaking news.

Bloomberg this morning, or I think it was yesterday, apparently Cantor is trying to do this. Private raise for Tether at a $500 billion valuation, but Bloomberg reports that Cantor invested $600 million in a convertible note for 5% stake in Tether a year ago, a $12 billion valuation for Tether. Now, Cantor is trying to tell investors that Tether is worth 42 times more in just one year.

And when Cantor is obviously conflicted as a 5% owner. Yeah, that ain't happening. Yeah, I mean, the, you know, a stable coin leader is going to be worth a lot more after the regulatory changes this year. But, yeah, there's also a lot more competition. What's circle at right now? 30 billion? So, yeah, I mean, 15 times the price of circle might be high. I don't really know. I know Tether's a great business, so I wouldn't be surprised if they get a major upround done. Yeah, I guess that, so what's the current market cap of USC is $75 billion? Well, is that for the token, or is that the actual circle?

Circle the company is $30 billion market cap. And so you value tether. Here's the issue. I mean, Circle has wildly different economics. Wildly different economics. They have to pay a large amount of their revenue out to Coinbase. and I'm sure other exchanges. But Tether is at 185 billion of market cap.

So it's three times the size with better economics, potentially. Like $500 billion doesn't seem that crazy to me. I don't know. I haven't done any of the actual math. The question is how durable is the... Yeah. Yeah, especially when everyone's going to be having their coal's cash soon. Who knows?

Adam's in the game. Bridge obviously wants to create a lot more. Zephyr has a post. here. Big contract. Chinese actuator component supplier, San Juan, Intelligent Controls, is rumored to have secured a $685 million order from Tesla for Optimus. San Juan's stock searched 10% to the daily limit following the news going viral, while other actuator suppliers also saw significantly... They put a daily limit on how much... That's extremely un-American. I don't like that at all. Matt Freed says, Tesla, not building

their own actuators is the least mission-driven thing I've heard all year. I don't know. I mean, Yeah, what is this say about Tesla's timelines on, like, actual humanoid value, because if they were thinking, like, more prototype at this point? So you shop anywhere? No, no, I was going to say the opposite of, like, if you felt like you were, have five years until you were actually going to be selling these to people, maybe you would just build your own if you were trying to sell them and get them out today in the world faster. You don't have time to build the actuator facility in America. I got to spend over half a billion with a rival. Yeah, I don't know. In other news, Ian Goodfellow is

Crazy, not a determinism. I've met him. He signed a book that he wrote on deep learning for me. It's in the Museum of Business History and Technology History. More of what my colleagues and I have been working on in AI for fusion is public now. Why are we clapping? We're announcing a research collaboration with CFS Energy, one of the world's leading nuclear fusion companies, Commonwealth Fusion, systems. Deep mind is goaded. It is actually crazy. Together, they're helping speed up the development of clean, safe, limitless fusion power with AI. Yeah, awesome to see Google working in fusion. Obviously, Sam Altman's a believer with Helion. We've had a number of fusion founders on the show. It's one of those technologies that's always been 10 years away, but feels less than 10 years, finally. We are making some progress. What's your fusion take? I mean, I'm very profusion, But in other deep mind news, apparently Gemini 3 is actually slated for December. So there were some rumors of like maybe next week, but now there's some people saying it's actually...

Add 30 days to the singularity counter. This is just not going to happen, is it? When is AGI coming? This is the worst news. I don't know. But it will be a nice Christmas. I was saying December 25th. They got along to December 25th.

My kids are getting Gemini. They got to do it December 25th. You know, the VR headsets, they always rock it to the top of the app store. That's what I want to see. My kids are getting a box of tokens. Box of tokens. We can close with Wilmanitis, potentially. He's got a bunch of stuff.

Well, I mean, there's a bunch of other stuff. I just wanted to give it up for Stargate UAE. It's taken shape. We got a video in here. We should try to pull this up. Led by Kozna, this one-gig-watt AI infrastructure cluster is a cornerstone of the 5-gigwatt UAEUS AI campus in Abu Dhabi and a key part of building the intelligence grid

the digital backbone enable link secure sovereign and I don't know AI because it's cut off but we can see this video here yeah very cool um Wilmanitis says if you're a young person interested in going deep on weird things basically the only good advice is that you should be

1000 X more commercial someone will get very rich by monetizing the things you figure out there's no reason and that person shouldn't be you. That's good. Good. Andre Carpathie dropped a podcast with Dorcasch Patel. It's a banger. I listened to the first like 20, 25 minutes.

Yeah. Just a banger so far. Perfect for the weekend. Go enjoy it. TBPN is off. We do have a diet TBPN product now. Yeah, it's interesting. There's one quote that I guess Nick was calling out Nick obviously is more grocline.

Love, but he said he was putting. The most independent. He's Grok's most loyal soldier. Yes. He was quoting Altman earlier. It said 2025 is the year of AI agents. I think you could still defend that with Codex, but certainly we're not seeing maybe the agents that we were all super excited about, right?

Deep research as an agent, coding agents. I haven't booked a flight with AI yet. Carpathie says, I was triggered by that overp prediction. More accurately, it's the decade of. agents. There's so much work to be done. Let's go. Humans in the loop for another decade. We got this. Yeah. Yeah, that's like normal. What do you think? More or less, you keep being like we're just on track, super intelligence right around the corner. Yeah, we are. I mean, it's always hard. It's like, what is, what do you mean by agent? Like, what can actually do in 10 years, I feel like,

like, what have agents done for you today? Uh, wrote me some code. There you go. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, and I, and yeah, I agree that I can, I think this was the year of coding agents. It's the year of coding agents. Yeah, and I think computer use is like getting better and better. Yeah. Hopefully we see the Gemini 3, like, much better computer use. A good example is like when you made the video vibe real for the METIS list, you were not able to puppeteer Premiere Pro with an agent.

And that at the end of the day, that's just like clicking buttons on the computer. Like, it could use FFMPEG. It could use, like, control the mouse and keyboard and screen record. And, like, that agent isn't here. And you should be able to just, in natural language, talk to an agent that then, you know, makes the cuts in Premiere Pro. And I still believe that even when we get there, you'll still need to say, I have an idea to include clips from cheeky pint or whatever you picked or these particular walkouts.

But, like, it's not. not there. It's not generalized. That feels, that does not feel 10 years away at all. No. That feels like right now I could, I could build an RL environment and do that if I had enough compute in like, you know, a month. No, I just need more compute. Just more compute. Oh, now you're asking for compute over there. I see how it is. Okay. Well, anyway, have a fantastic weekend, everyone. We will see you on Monday. We love you. Leave us five stars on Apple Podcasts on Spotify and have a great weekend. See you Monday. Goodbye. Cheers.

Thank you.