TBPN - "The Information" Profiles TBPN, AI Ups and Downs, Nuclear Regulation | Zach Weinberg, Leigh Marie Braswell, Stephen Balaban, Sam Lessin, Bobby Goodlatte, Auren Hoffman, Doug Bernauer, Isaiah Taylor

Episode Date: May 23, 2025

TBPN.com is made possible by: Ramp - https://ramp.comFigma - https://figma.comVanta - https://vanta.comLinear - https://linear.appEight Sleep - https://eightsleep.com/tbpnWander - https://wander.com/tbpnPublic - https://public.comAdQuick - https://adquick.comBezel - https://getbezel.com Numeral - https://www.numeralhq.comPolymarket - https://polymarket.comFollow TBPN: https://TBPN.comhttps://x.com/tbpnhttps://open.spotify.com/show/2L6WMqY3GUPCGBD0dX6p00?si=674252d53acf4231https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/technology-brothers/id1772360235https://youtube.com/@technologybrotherspod?si=lpk53xTE9WBEcIjV(05:41) - The Information Profiles TBPN (39:44) - Apple's AI Struggles (41:22) - Sam Altman's Trillion Dollar AI Device (46:15) - Jori Lallo. Jori is the co-founder of Linear, a streamlined product management tool used by top startups and engineering teams. He previously co-founded Coinbase and has a background in building elegant, fast, and developer-centric software products. (01:01:43) - Zach Weinberg. Zach is a co-founder and general partner at Operator Partners and previously co-founded Flatiron Health, which was acquired by Roche for $1.9 billion. He is an active seed investor and operator across healthcare and software startups. (01:31:50) - Leigh Marie Braswell. Leigh Marie is a partner at Founders Fund, focused on early-stage AI and infrastructure companies. She previously worked at Scale AI and has a background in electrical engineering and machine learning. (02:00:19) - Stephen Balaban. Stephen is the co-founder and CEO of Lambda, a company building high-performance GPU infrastructure for training AI models. He’s been at the forefront of deep learning hardware and computer vision since the early days of modern AI. (02:31:06) - Sam Lessin. Sam is a general partner at Slow Ventures and a former VP of product at Facebook. He writes The Information’s Private Tech column and invests across consumer, media, and frontier tech. (02:59:35) - Bobby Goodlatte. Bobby is an early-stage investor and designer, known for his early role at Facebook and his investments in companies like Coinbase and Lambda School. He is a founding partner at Form Capital. (03:14:47) - Auren Hoffman. Auren is the CEO of SafeGraph and previously founded LiveRamp, which was acquired by Acxiom. He is an expert in data infrastructure and frequently writes about technology, policy, and markets. (03:31:04) - Doug Bernauer. Doug is the founder and CEO of Radiant Industries, a company developing portable nuclear reactors to power remote locations and space missions. He previously worked at SpaceX and is focused on building scalable, clean energy infrastructure. (03:47:28) - Isaiah Taylor. Isaiah is the founder of Valar Atomics, a company focused on developing advanced nuclear technologies. He previously advised leading AI labs on public policy and now works at the intersection of energy, national security, and deep tech innovation.

You're watching TV, Ben. Today is Friday, May 23rd, 2025. We are live from the Temple of Technology, the Fortress of Finance, the Capital of Capital. And John, this is our last show in this studio. It is, it is. But the Fortress of Finance lives on. The Capitol of Capital lives on.

It's a state of mind. It's a state of mind. It's a place on the Internet that we bring. We create the Fortress of Finance, the Temple of Technology, wherever we are. And soon, it will be in Hollywood, California, the future home of media and entertainment once we're done with it baby we're bringing media to Hollywood we got a great show for you today folks we got a banger lineup of guests and topics

wow we really filled it out I thought we had four people booked turns out we have seven now it's great I don't know how that happened John we're talking about the information they profiled us Abe came down hung out with us for a full day wrote the allegations are extreme yeah the allegations of bro culture over here are extreme. We'll talk about Apple's AI struggles, Sam Altman's trillion-dollar AI device. There's a banger quote in the Wall Street Journal from Berber Jin. And then we got a whole bunch of guests, Jory from Linney or Zach from Curie, Lee Marie Braswell, former colleague of mine over at Founders Fund. Now she's at Kleiner Perkins coming on to talk about artificial intelligence, some of the seed investing she's been doing. Remember,

she was like a seed investor in Windsurf, I believe. Absolutely banger. Absolutely dog. And We got Sam Lesson coming on. We got the founder of Lambda. And the great thing. So Sam Lesson, many people call him Jessica Lesson's husband. Yes. He usually goes by that in most text circles.

So Jessica Lesson's husband is coming on. And this was booked before we knew if the information was going to be a hit piece or a puff piece. And so it could have been, we don't, you know, still unclear exactly where it landed. But it could have been a very, you know,

heated. Oh, it could be extremely confrontational. And it still could get. And I think the first or second time he came on, Jessica Lesson was in the background and kind of stopped by and said, hey, she said hi. And so, you know, if this piece hadn't gone down the way it did, we could have been screaming on the call. And she would have overheard us berating her husband about what happened. But fortunately, the piece turned out pretty good.

I think it'll be pretty PC later. And I'm excited to talk to Sam. And then one of the greatest yappers of all time. Bobby and Orrin also calling in at 2 and 215. and so we're going to be going late. It's a three and a half hour show. Let's do it. They said, hey, it's Friday.

Are you going to take your foot off the gas? Absolutely not. Absolutely not. Anyway, let's read through how the Technology Brothers seized Silicon Valley, the big read in the weekend section of the information. And I thought this image, by the way, if we can pull it up, I thought it was, my immediate thought was AI, and you think it's handcrafted. You think they went potentially went the extra mile.

AI in here, but then there are also things in here that are collage. There's a lot of Photoshop. Kind of like TBPN. I think the suits might be AI, but the faces are just photos that have just been tuned up. And then, for example, like the number overlay, that is not AI. They made me quite a bit wider than you even. Extremely wide. Which is not my exact build, but I'll take it.

So the, so the screenshot that's up on the stream is the real one. but for some reason if you, on the information, there's like an HTML bug. And so if you shrink down the website, I don't know if we can pull up the one from the PDF, but it makes us look even wider. And so, uh, how do you have a PDF, John? Why do you have a PDF? I always make a PDF of everything, of every article so that we can read through the show. We are paid subs.

Yes, I am a paid subscriber of the information. The PDF allegations are flying around. Yeah. Today, anytime that there's a good, anytime that there's an article that people, want to read it shows around but yeah he says at a time when tech has been at loggerheads with the traditional media the industry elite have gladly accepted a warm embrace from a pair of insidery talk show hosts john cugin and jordie hayes a warm embrace yeah i mean part of it is that we typically don't want to have someone on the show unless if we saw them we'd give them a

warm embrace yes i think that's generally accurate we try to sort out and not have people on that we want to, you know, get into conflicts with. At some points, we'll have people on the show that we disagree with. But in general, the, like, we're trying to have

people on that we generally admire and respect. Just to fight and argue. You know, we want to just hang out with our friends. Yeah, if we get to the point where we're getting ultra contentious, we'll probably move to like a pay-per-view model for that. Oh, yeah. So if you

want to see Keith Rabeoy fight with a journalist, you know, potentially, physically, not just on the timeline. We could set that up. I'd love to. But anyway, so in recent months, John Coogan and Jordy Hayes co-host of TVPN, a daily tech news show that has captured the attention of Silicon valleys. Investors and founders have followed the same morning routine. The two men meet in downtown Los Angeles at a members-only Jonathan Club to work out, then sonnet together while reading print copies of the Wall Street Journal. Fact check true. Fact check true.

You have your sweaty copy on the table today. It's real. The image of Coogan 36 and Hayes 29 schitzing away in such a manner is well a little ridiculous in this day and age. And I posted that God forbid

men have hobbies. There's nothing ridiculous about two guys meeting up at a member's club and having Asana and reading the journal. And he thought I was joking with him but I was dead serious that we had actually been

in the sauna just a little bit early. You quote in the article, this was in the sauna, pointing to a bedraggled A section of the journal besides him on the club's dining room table. It has sweat all over it. Yeah, there's the wide version of us because it's been stretched.

The extra wide. So you look even wider. It's great. Yeah, so I had to prove to him. I actually did invite him to the morning workout. I said, meet up with us at 6.30. It's chest day. We'll hit some PRs on the bench.

And then we'll go in the sauna. we'll talk, we'll get breakfast. He was traveling around and couldn't make it, so he just came to breakfast. So I had to prove to him by showing him the sweat on my walk-to church. Not the first time we've invited somebody to do a workout, though. It's the best. And then had them come up with some range of excuses.

Oh, I'm not going to be able to get there at six. Yeah, yeah. I'm sorry. It is a high bar. But yeah. We don't do coffee meetings. Naval says set your opportunity cost extremely high. He said, meet like a lion.

Meet like a lion. Me like a lion. It means be hitting bench. When you're meeting with someone. Naval is the original, the lion does not concern himself. Meme. Like that's where that came from, basically. Work like a lion.

He doesn't concern himself with much. He doesn't. He doesn't concern himself with email. Yeah. Doesn't concern himself with coffee meetings. But the gym meeting, it's highly efficient. Actually, I mean, I, I, I, I, I, Strauss Zelnick, the CEO of Take 2 owns GTA, putting out GTA6 soon.

He is famous for doing workouts and doing work. meetings. And so I read that book and I kind of adopted that and started doing workouts with Ben and talking to him about the business while we're working out. And it's just a fantastic flow. It's the best way to hang. So they go on, he goes on, Abe goes on to write. Kugin and Hayes live stream TBPN, which they originally christened the technology brothers as a knowing nod to the concept of a tech bro on X and YouTube from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Pacific and published the recording on Apple Podcast and Spotify. When I found them sitting down to breakfast at the Jonathan Club, they had mostly prepped their opening commentary on the news. Airbnb's revamp,

the Trump administration's proposed changes to AI chip exports, and they had a number of guests booked, such as Founders Fund Delian Asperuhov, Lux Capitals, Josh Wolfe, and Eugenia Kudia, whose startup replica AI hopes to develop chatbots that can serve as human companions. So here's where it gets interesting, John. Yes. He says, like the show's audience, the guests are attracted to quote, unquote, TBPN. Yeah, like it doesn't, it's not a real thing. Like it's not a real thing. As a safe refuge from the mainstream media. Yeah.

One that projects an unabashed, unapologetic enthusiasm for tech. I think this is my best line in here. I'm glad Abe included it. We genuinely love the private markets, the venture capital industry, the startup industrial complex. And I do. Yeah, so there's something interesting here. TBPN is in quotes, but I'm on a different article from the information. And it reads Jim Kramer, CNBC's Mad Money host,

a swipe at our report today and CNBC isn't in quotes. Why is it? That's so interesting. Maybe they see it as a bug in the it could be a bug. In the CMS and the content management system. Maybe they should switch content management systems. If they're making, if bugs like that are sneaking it

into articles. Abe's our boy. Yeah. And I'm going to just, I'm going to assume that it was just an accident. Probably just a mistake. Yeah, probably just a mistake. We genuinely love fun. Since TVPN debuted last October, Hayes and Coogan have warmly welcome investors from pretty much every major firm

venture firm in existence. Let's go. We're Switzerland. We're Switzerland over here. A marker of the podcast, widening appeal, Sequoia, Kosovo, Lightspeed. I could go on. A week or so ago,

they dispatched one of their four producers to Las Vegas to set up a mini studio at Indreason, Horowitz's annual Investor Day Summit where the firm's executives could chat about tech, the news, and what they were presenting to their investors, a level of access no one in regular media would ever get. Thank you to Eric and the whole team at Andreessen for making that happen.

And I want to do more of those. I'm talking to Kosovo about that. I think that's like an interesting thing. Sit down with like the full partnership to get the full scope of like how everything fits together because most founders, even in my career, I've interacted with like every fund. but usually just a single partner.

And so you usually have this very like point, like maybe you've listened to Mark. Yeah. Or, and then you've interacted with, you know, David George on a deal or David Haber on a deal or something like that. It's rare to be able to see like all in one. And I like the way that that came together.

So I'm hoping to do more of those. Anyway, so it goes on. He includes TBPN in quotes again, which is... TBPN is in quotes every single time it's listed. And the, Information includes TBPN, in quotes.

Anyways, he goes on, talks about some of the guests that we've had. I thought this was funny. Augustus DeRiko, whose startup Rainmaker technology, has come on the show, has a sky-high dream of commercializing cloud seeding, a process of adding chemicals to the atmosphere to increase precipitation. He's a good writer, sky-high dream. It's a good line. As Hayes and Coogan have won attention from a swath of the Technorati

and have achieved a constant social media virality. Their consistent social media virality, their audience has remained incredibly niche. While they see X as their main platform, they have just about 130,000 followers on their accounts and the one belonging to the show on YouTube, TBPN has only around 7,000 subscribers. It's weird to be like incredibly niche, 130,000 followers.

Like, how many you got, Abe? How many... Hey, let's pull up... Let's go analytics for analytics. No, let's go analytics for analytics. When was the last time you dropped a 20K banger on the timeline? Let's check it out. Let's see.

Let's see how wide. You know, Jordy has 100,000 likes on a post? 150KK likes. Is that niche? Is that niche? Oh, you know that my Sejan PING video on YouTube has 3 million views? You know that my analysis of Mark Zuckerberg's metaverse attempts has 8 million views? How niche is that?

How niche is that? No, we're niche. We're proudly niche. Proudly niche. Yeah. I mean, this is actually something we think about is like, there are obvious Tam expanders. Politics is the obvious one. And we've deliberately said, we're not going to try and Tam expand.

Is to Abe watching. Abe's watching. He says, I demand a rebuttal. Should we let him call in right now? Yeah, let's have him call in. Okay, send him the link. Send him the link, Abe, come on in. Come on in.

Anyways, they have no investors and professed to have zero intentions of raising capital, less those investors disrupt their plans. He didn't mention our incredibly complex corporate structure, because we do have a non-profit that feeds into an LLC that feeds into a C-corp. That feeds into the labs, which is, of course, owned by Wilmanitis. Wilmandis. This was a fun quote, which I stand by. We could go out, and within an hour, I guarantee you we could raise probably like 15 million. And I believe that would destroy us. Oh, yes, true. So we're very intentionally not raised. It would be your final party round.

The final party round. The final party round. The final party round. Because, I mean, realistically, we could get everyone. But it would very much change. It would very much change the dynamic of the show. Yeah. It would be less fun.

I asked Ramp CEO Eric Gleiman what he found so appealing about the show. And he likened their approach to how ESPN chronicles sports, where Sports Center has players, coaches, and games to celebrate and explain TBPN as founders, investors, and developer conferences. They're able to bring to life the personalities, the play-by-play, and capture the zeit guys. Thank you, Eric. That's a great quote. That's exactly what we're going for. Coogan and Hayes often hear themselves compared to ESB and commentators, but the analogy is sort of lost on them because putting a major dent in their broken dead, bro credentials, neither watches much sports content. To Hayes, the natural comparison is to Clubhouse, an audio, social media

app that was popular for a moment during the pandemic. We've taken what the magic of early Clubhouse was where you could hear an interesting, an interesting investor or founder talking in real time about what was happening that day, what's in the news, and turn that into a show. Ultimately, TBPN, allegedly, if it exists at all, if it's a real thing, hopes to better capitalize on the same broad truth about tech's relationship with old school media that underpin Clubhouse. More and more Silicon Valley has come to distrust traditional journalists, perceiving them as holding an unshakable bias against the industry, part of an undeniable, shift in American culture against the established media. Many within tech have tried to build

their own in-house media operations or have rapaciously thrown millions of dollars that would be disruptors like Clubhouse. Most such efforts have flopped mounting to little more than lame public relations. Cougain and Hayes seem to have found their sweet spot. They maintain just enough independence from their subjects but feel none of the pressure for critical coverage most journalists in their position would. They also get far on their twin blessings of easy charm and boyish good looks. And now this is interesting because charms a little, it's a little bit of a charged word in my culture. Totally. Irish culture. Yeah, so I'm Irish, obviously. For those I don't know, Hayes and Coogan. We're both Irish.

We're both Irish. And so, you know, St. Patrick is obviously a famous snake charmer and charmed all the snakes out of, out of, out of, out of Ireland. And so it's, it's, it's kind like racial humor. Is it racial? Is it racial? I don't want to go racist, but it's racial. It's definitely racial. And so, yeah, it's a little bit edgy. But I, I mean, I appreciate it. It's fun. We're in the post-woke era. We're in the anti-woke era. Totally. If Abe wants to go there, Abe can go there. You can go there. We can go charm for charm with anyone.

We can go charm for charm with the best of them. It's just a little crazy because I haven't been called a snake charmer. You don't normally think of. You don't think of information weekend editor as an edge lord. Yeah, no, you don't. But he snuck it in. Yeah, it's a little. It's a little big. A little dig. Oh, yeah. I saw him chugging Guinness passed out like a drunk Irishman.

He didn't go that far. He didn't go that far. He stepped it back. Yeah. But he still threw in a little bit of the Irish, a little digged Irishness. Yeah. Makes sense. They have an interesting voice that I don't think many people could pull off.

Said Ashley Vance, the Elon Musk biographer and former New York Times and Bloomberg, Jerno. Jerno? They used Jerno? I thought that was our word for them. And Bloomberg's Jerno? Abe's taken back Jerno. Wait, that's actually interesting. That's crazy.

He highlights earlier, no, he highlights earlier in the article that we took back TechBrow. They're taking back Jerno. And, but, but, you know, TechBrow was a slur. We took it back as technology brothers. But he's taking back Jerno. Yeah. He's kind of inverting it. Yeah.

He's saying, I'm not a journalist. I'm a Jerno. I'm a Jerno. It's kind of cool. I like it. I'm into this. It's kind of cool. Jurnoism is back.

Yeah. What is it? What is it, Kibbitts? do you know what that is? Because it said Ashley came on for Kibbitts. Look on and offer unwelcome advice, especially at a chart. A chat. Oh, a chat.

Okay. So he came on for a chat. Yeah. And he's coming on. He's coming back next week. He's been traveling, shooting a movie. Very cool stuff. I don't know if you saw a cinema rig, but he's got like 25 different cinema cameras.

It's amazing. I'm very excited to see what he's doing. I don't want to leak too much. Abe is in the temple. He is. Okay. Let's bring him in. Abe.

We got to get to the bottom of this. Abe. Okay, we're falling it in. Wow, Abe on TBPN for the first time. Ah, Adrian. I could go into exactly why, you know, CNBC doesn't get quotes and you guys do, but that seems boring. Let's talk about it'll be more fun. Wait, wait, wait, hold on, hold on.

Editors, the Chiron's way wrong. Can we put the information in quotes? Can we put the information in quotes? Can we put the information in quotes? We put the information in quotes. We have to add quotes. Abe, it's fantastic to have you on. We talked about this earlier.

We knew, I mean, Jessica Lesson's husband was going to come on later today. And it would have been a funny kind of dynamic if this has been a hit piece, which we obviously didn't know until around 9 a.m. when you hit published. So this will be a fun show end to end. Yeah. It was great. I don't know. Is there anything else that, I mean, you've been listening to our analysis, anything else you need to get off your chest?

No, I think the story, you know, is a piece of fair and accurate journalism. And, you know, you guys are doing what you do best, which is, you know, common commentating on the news, on the breaking news about the Schenalogy brothers. Wait, I have to ask, did you intentionally use the word journalow instead of journalist when talking about Ashley Vance? Yeah, because we think of journalism. as like a tech bro style like slight dig like it's almost a slur for journalist it's

you know guys in the way that you're funny on camera yeah I also try it to be funny in the way I write you know just to you know make the make the make the jokes go around no you nailed it you nailed it I mean it got us we're we're cracking up it's great it's really good I'll be back in LA soon and I'll take you up on the sauna let's do it fantastic we let's do it Yeah, we got to get a big one in the new studio. Like, we got to like basically dedicate 2,000 square feet for just a single sauna. For sure. Abe, uh, thank you for the fun and fair coverage of what we're doing.

Yeah, it's fantastic. And likewise, you guys are a good hang. Don't be, uh, don't be too nice to Sam. Okay. Okay, we won't. We'll be rough on him. We'll put him in the street zone. Awesome.

Thanks for jumping on. See up. Look at that. Look at that. Yeah, media technology. Yeah. You know, just growing down. It's great.

To see it. They give a little bit of our background, but then go on to talk about how we met, mutual friend. Do they actually not, they didn't name Will Mandis. He didn't name Wilmanitis. So an opportunity for a tech focus podcast that could analyze industry news with a light irreverence and wasn't tied to a single company or venture firm. Last fall, they had enough free time on their hands to record a couple test episodes.

when they attended Peter Teal's Hereticon at the Fianna Hotel in Miami. Oh, they put founders in quotes. Oh, no. No. They sought out feedback from David Senra, a host of the popular founders podcast, if you could call it that. Wait,

did Abe actually tell us why he puts it in quotes? No, he said it wouldn't be fun. He said it wouldn't be fun, which is, yeah, yeah, which is fair. No, I mean, it makes sense. You're introducing this to the first. time to your audience, like we're giving a hard time. But like, obviously, it's called TBPN.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's like, like if, if TVPN becomes like driving news and the information months from now has written about comments that were said on TBPN and they're citing us, I imagine that we will become unquoted. Like, we will, we will earn the removal of our quotes. Earn your stripes. Throwing off the shackles of the quotes. I'm excited.

That's, uh, that's definitely on the, on the vision board. right next to TBPN Arrow on smoothie. You heard it here first. We're working on it. Life goal. David Senator previously advised Coogan on his YouTube channel. This is funny because, like, it was very, very informal, but I did learn a ton from David.

I remember the very first time I talked to him, I was doing my YouTube channel, like, very much part-time on just, like, one day a week on the weekend. When I was bored, I'd just put up a video, and I did one a week. And it was growing and it was doing well. And I was just like, wait, like, you have this. podcast that's like this is pre deal this is pre invest like the best partnership and pre meeting Patrick and stuff so the show was pretty small at that time and I was like well you do this full time and he was like yeah and he swore up on you know this too I was one of the first advertisers

on founders podcast I had no idea for capital yeah I was it was like one of the first one or two and I certainly won't mention it here but uh and and the funny thing is I'd actually reached out to David and I really didn't I listened to the first episode and I reached out to him and I was like would you this was this was at a time that was like yeah every tech company should be a media company which I don't agree with anymore but I was like would you consider like joining like he told me his ad rates and I was like well what if we just like acquired founders and in hindsight that was like such a ridiculous thing to ask because David never under any circumstances would have done that or anything like it, nor would it have been good for the show. But yeah, at that time, it was like very,

very, you know. Yeah, no, I remember getting on the phone with him and he was telling me like, I was like, do you do this like full time? Like, how do you even make that work? He was like, and he swore a bunch. He was like, absolutely. Like, I don't do anything else. This is all I do. And I was just like super impressed that he'd been able to make this work. And it is like a niche show. It certainly was at the time, but he obviously found a really high value audience. And it, was already monetizing very well. At that point, he had like a paywall for some of the episodes. He was starting to do some advertising. He's evolved the business model a ton and probably grew up a hundred X. But it was very humble. The product quality was incredible. Yep.

But he was like it was still. It was just him. No employees, nothing like just like building, building, building. So it was very, very cool. And so yeah, I mean, I learned a lot from him and kind of kept growing the channel and then eventually evolved in this. He thought that the two shared natural chemistry and encouraged them to go all in the concept, which we've talked about we've talked about before. For a model, he suggested they look at sports commentator Pat McAfee. Senra admires McAfee's always on persona. What is Pat doing right now?

I bet he's live streaming, he said. And I wasn't exactly sure, because we've looked to Pat as like a role model in many ways, but I wasn't exactly sure where that came from. But I thought the most interesting lesson that I learned from David was that he actually did not tell us you guys should live stream. He told us, you should take this. 100x more seriously. You should go harder.

You should go full time on this. And what was interesting is that we were doing a weekly podcast with no guests. And once we started taking it way, way more seriously and working on it constantly, then switching it into a daily show, switching it into a live show, switching it into a guest-led show. All of that just happened very naturally. He didn't tell us tactics. He just told us exactly what he says on every episode of founders. We left Miami and we decided to go to two or three days a week.

I think we did three days a week. Yeah, maybe it was three days a week. But then I remember the realization that we would stop recording. Yeah. And we would be on X like an hour later. And I'd just be like, I wish we were doing the show tomorrow. Yeah, yeah. And we just eventually decided to go to five days.

Then we decided to go live. Then we decided to add guests. I even remember talking to you about like maybe we should do like one day a week, five hours and then slice it. up so we're releasing one hour per day. Never podcast weekly, John. And it was a terrible idea, and I'm so glad we didn't do it. It's a way, way better, way better format.

And so Abe goes on to write, soon Coogan and Hayes landed on an early gag that helped them gain attention, print out posts from X from founders and investors, then dress up in suits and film themselves with top-end 4K cameras discussing the posts, a very high-touch approach to assembling retweets. Later, they started to share the clips and tag the... the post authors on X, and the authors would often frequently pass on the clips themselves, giving Coogan and Hayes some of their first virality. The pair set themselves up on the 10th floor office that Coogan rented in the Jonathan

Club, hired a small video production crew. Who they sometimes refer to as just the guys? Since, well, they're all young then. And over the course of the next several months, the TBPN hosts and the guys have adopted a steady rhythm when kugin and haves go live two of the guys control what appears on the stream including the kairns uh the bit of text below the yes funny i didn't even we didn't even know the the term kairon for like we had been doing a kairon for quite a while i knew it i know i do explain it to basically everyone on the team because we all learned but i had in fact heard the term before um but yeah

you have a background in big television jobs that you don't know about no i've been in an nab I've been a nerd for like production for like several years. Yeah. And so I've been like loosely familiar with all this stuff. I watched a lot of YouTube videos explaining how churches do live streams. Oh yeah. Because mega churches are. Elite.

Delivering at a level that is equivalent to Fox News on one one hundredth of the budget. And so you can just go on YouTube and search church live streaming setup and they will have tested everything. And they share all the information. It's a bevy of resources. It's fantastic. And some of them do like virtual productions. It gets crazy. Anyway, they tried to make these funny.

One example, venture capitalist yaps about venture capital. I'm excited to share a screenshot of Abe Brown, writer at the information. Did you see the final, Kairon? So good. So good. Steady crawl of the show's sponsors appear next to the Kairons, along with a ticker available of available polymarket bets with Kugan Hayes Cs as telling indicators of market sentiment and their audience's interests.

That's true. Another of the guys spends the entire show. entirety of the show, cutting up clips to publish across social media as quickly as possible. Fourth, Ben Kohler. Let's hear for Vice President Ben, who worked with Kugan on his YouTube videos, serves as head producer. On a traditional TV show, a producer would normally pre-interview a guest. Sounds really boring to help both the guests on the host. But Kugan and Hayes prefer to wing it.

And since they're never brandishing any sort of gotcha question, we'll hit you with some gotchas. We're just going to do nerdy gotchas about scaling laws and build out timelines and algorithms. We're not going to ask you about your personal life or your politics. We do not discuss politics. The informality doesn't discomfort the guests. There's no prep. They just sent me a Zoom link and I joined, said Trump Sankar, Palantir's chief technology officer, and a veteran of many CNBC hits.

To fill the guest spots, Coogan and Hayes tap their Rolodexes in industry connections. Unsurprisingly, they've started to get inbound requests. at the point where we're getting 20 pitches a day from PR firms, Kuggen said, we turn down 95%. His rejection method is simple. He goes to X and checks whether they've shared recently, their number of followers, and whether they follow the same people. Yeah, I'm generally looking for like, are they tapped into the news? Are they following technology stories?

Are they, you know, they're at all linked? This is one part of the process, but certainly we've had people on that don't have a presence on X, and we actually want to do a lot. more of that. Yeah, totally. But if you're getting a, but if you're just getting a pitch instead of a warm introduction. Totally.

It's very hard to get a pitch from someone that's very dry. And then, because every once in a while there's someone who is interesting that just happens to have a stale PR team that's kind of pitching broadly. And that you've got to kind of just deal with that. But most of the time, if there's just some stock, like you get these big emails with all these bullet points

of everything the person's accomplished. And then they'd link you to their, LinkedIn account and you search them on X and like they're not really in the conversation. And if they're not in the conversation, it's going to be hard for them to join and have a conversation. And that's not. They're just going to come on with talking points. And so it's pointless.

Or if they come on with LinkedIn takes from it's not good. Two months ago. Not good. It's not going to work. Hayes and Coogan delight in their schick for the show, which includes opening bottles of Don Perriy on to market's growth. A constant tongue and cheek chilling of ramp, ramp, ramp, which makes expense account software that would exasperate men.

many madmen, but not us. Not us. Switch your business to ramp.com. Save time and money. Just do it. We had a whole running gag with Abe the entire time. We probably pitched him ramp seven different times. At least.

At one point, I introduced him to Eric over at Ramp and I, and then I immediately followed up, acted like I took him off the email thread and told Eric, here are the talking points we're sticking to. You got to post that. I got to post that.

And it was just a whole bunch of details about Ramp and how. Abe at one point said, Guys, I don't care about expense management software. Please stop pitching me, something to that effect. And we said, well, a lot of ramp customers felt the same way at some point. But once they understood just how much time and money they could sit. We had so much fun with it.

It was great. So much fun. Thanks for being a good sport. Yeah, he was a good sport about it. And a preference to always appear in suits, their visual trademark. Kugan gets his suits from a tailor whose identity he wouldn't reveal. Hayes like Shamed user a New York based

I guess they're a brand now but they are primarily a tailor it's Laura Piana fabric You assure me I guess me and Jemoth have that in common Watch peeking out from underneath the sleeve Doxed They docks my watch

They docks my watch The suits are a little dig at Silicon Valley's preference For the informality of Cotopaxi Which is that how you pronounce that? I've never heard that before Never worn it Guggen hopes they serve another purpose too. It's going to make it easier to appeal to a public company CEO who's running TBPN.

Oh, we got single quotes now. We're upgrading. Oh, because it's inside double quotes. He still hit the quotes. He got us. I was so excited that we were halfway to know quotes. Yeah. We were getting double quotes.

Now we were getting single quotes. The next thing is down quotes by his PR team that's maybe more conservative and more risk averse, he said. So when they pull up an example, they see a very clean package in everyone's in suits. And that's true. I want to be a place where. Big public company CEOs can come on and it doesn't feel like we're disheveled, not taking this seriously. It needs to be brand safe even for big tech companies that want to, you know, uphold a very serious brand standard that they would feel comfortable on Bloomberg or CNBC. They should feel comfortable here as well.

The external appearance. He says that's the external appearance at least. This is when he's putting us in the true zone. Putting us in the true zone, Abe. Internally, the atmosphere is decidedly informal when the show. wrapped on the day one on the day i was at the jonathan club kugan and hayes casually stripped down to their boxers in front of me and the crew changing into t-shirts shorts pants and sneakers and then issued a few instructions on finishing the day's production and preparing for the next

day's show well he got us john we're spitzin there is we we do at times wear normal clothing we do uh waving goodbye to the guys we loaded into hayes mercedes ben's g wagon wow he did He didn't even say the most important part. It's an AMG. It's an AMG. It's a G6 D3. Yeah. It's a really important detail.

Leaving that out, that feels intentional. Trying to take you down a peck. Could be a G550. Yeah. I like it, though. It's more subtle. Yeah, yeah. He's a dude.

He's just leaving it open. Could be any type of G-wagon. Yep. And so we drove Abe over to Hollywood to see our new 4,000 square foot studio that we just signed a lease on. Abe says it dwarfs the size of the current set they have in the Jonathan Club. We are in a very small space on this set. And they're looking forward to the increased flexibility it can give them, including the ability

to get up and walk around while streaming. And basically screaming too. Right now we basically sit down for three hours. We get up for like a minute in between. But the energy, I think we'll do so much better when we can stand. It's going to be great. It's going to be great. They'll also have the opportunity to host in-person guests, something we're very excited about. We have a bunch of people lined up. And we should be able to make those. those in-person sessions really special. And I asked them about the dream bookings. Of course, we've talked about this before,

our dream bookings are the Magnificent Seven, like all of them. We want the CEOs of Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, Nvidia and meta-platforms and Tesla. We want them all. The Thanos glove of technology leaders. We want them all in the show.

So if you know someone, get some introduction, please make it happen for all of them. But we still have a lot to do. on the production side. We want to be a fantastic show. We want their first appearance on TBPN to be memorable and cinematic and and enjoyable.

And I think, you know, and most importantly, I think it's less about like asking like the hard hitting questions. It's more like what are the questions that the investing community actually wants to hear how can we dig through those and drive those questions that move markets? That's what's most important. And so the questions are less gotchas about random things that don't really matter to earnings, which is what a lot of the news has become in tech and business because the audience are not investors. We want to focus on the questions that investors actually care about, which is more often, how's CAPEX looking?

Which is like, is that a gotcha? Well, for some companies, it might be. If their CAPX is looking rough, it might be. That's gotcha says we're happy to be leasers. Is that, is hidden him with a question about his pivot away from data center build out to gotcha? Like, certainly not to a normal person who doesn't invest in the stock, right? But to someone who really cares and owns a lot of Microsoft stock, it's probably pretty important.

Anyway, it might be easy to design a show that would appeal to one or two of them, but it would be difficult to do one that could attract the entire set. They've all done podcasts, but there's no podcast that has done all seven. and says Coogan. That's me. On the drive over, Hayes mentioned a dream prop for their Hollywood set. He and Coogan have already already have a small gong in their Jonathan Club that they ring on the show when talking about a company's notable achievement,

but he would like to buy an even bigger gong looking around at the Hollywood studio. He could see how nice an extra large version might look. Yeah, we finally have the space. Oh, what a fun piece. I can't wait. We need a 50 foot by 50 foot. gong that requires a group of people to stop it from ringing when you drive a car into the gong we do we're working on it what should we move on to we i mean the main thing we have to cover so

yesterday x was a nightmare yeah uh dms weren't working for a lot of the day which was rough yep for us on the show apparently there was literally a fire yeah the data center so yeah a fire broke out thursday morning at a data center in hillsborough oregon leased by elon musk's x forcing an extended response from emergency crews, according to multiple sources who spoke to Wired. The sources required anonymity as they weren't authorized to speak publicly about the company. Firefighters arrived at Hillsborough Technology Park in a suburb west of Portland at 1021 a.m. Man, John, Portland, Oregon, vandalism. You think this is, you call an arson?

I have no idea. I don't even know how you vandalize or commit arson in a data center. They seem pretty locked down. Yeah, but every time I see Portland in a headline in tech, it's some type of... This is pretty advanced stuff to figure out where the data centers are. Okay, I'm sorry. If you're an extremist and you want to bring a bunch of gas lead into a data center...

Will Manitas posted that whole threat about shooting the transformer and taking down all the electrical infrastructure and how, like, you can basically take out the energy infrastructure with just small arms. So like an AR-15 shot at a transformer can take off a whole piece of the grid. And so you would think that they'd go after that. I don't know.

It's very, very, very odd. Hopefully they sort it out quickly. Yeah, so it's interesting. I mean, Tesla's have been setting on fire, so maybe X data center is up there. So this is interesting. So before Elon bought Twitter, the company had three data centers

in Sacramento, Portland, and Atlanta. This ensured that if one data center went down, traffic could be shifted to the other two and split. So no single data center was over one. around Christmas Eve 2022, Musk shut down X's data center in Sacramento in an effort to cut costs. The company experienced a major outage in the wake of the shutdown over the next six months. The company moved more than 2,500 server racks from the Sacramento facility to data centers in Portland and Atlanta.

So it sounds like they have two core data centers now. Okay. I want to rip through a bunch of stuff really quick. Let's do it. I'm just going to rip through this stuff. So Donald Trump just signed an executive order about nuclear. And so we're going to try and have some folks on very quickly and slot them in. It might be 2.30, but I'm talking to some nuclear folks about coming on and breaking it down.

I haven't even had a chance to read it yet, but it's out apparently. I don't know if you want to dig into that. I also want to give you the final analysis on Apple's AI struggles. We've been dipping our toe in and out of the story all week. but Ben Thompson had a great summary of the problems with Apple's AI strategy, and he sums it up in these bullet points, which are really rough. One, Apple's head of software engineering didn't believe in AI. Apple's head of AI was skeptical about LLMs and chatbots. Apple's former CFO refused to commit sufficient funds for GPUs.

Apple's commitment to privacy limited the company to purchased datasets, instead of using their own, where meta and Google and YouTube are all highly. valuable training sources. Apple's AI team is understaffed and the relative talent of an AI staffer still at Apple is uncomfortable to speculate about, but given the opportunities elsewhere, relevant. What should Apple do now? The baseline advice from Ben Thompson is make Apple's on-device models available to developers as an API without restriction, make Apple's cloud interface, cloud inference available to developers as an API at cost, allow, Siri to be replaced by other AIs, perhaps for subscribers to those AIs who would revenue share with Apple. So you can bring chatypt into it into. I bet for the access to the Siri button,

Apple could get like 50%. 50% up from their typical. Yeah. I mean, just hold an auction. Just hold an auction and be like, hey, yeah, like we're just not going to hit this out of the park. So we're just going to auction it off. It would be great. They have precedent of selling the search bar. Yeah. Right. Yeah. Why wouldn't they do? Um, anyway, The other news is people are now speculating about the exact device that Sam Altman and Johnny Ive will be building together at OpenAI with the IO acquisition for $6.5 billion. Swix, who's been on the show, says they literally copied Avi Schiffman, 6.5 billion for what Avi Schiffman built in the cave with a box of scraps, quoting Iron Man, of course. And there's an old video from Avi pitching the first friend. And, I mean, what a throwback.

I remember this was 23. saying I think on Wednesday or Tuesday. I was like, this could end up being extremely validating for Avey and friend. Yeah. If he ends up nailing. I mean, to be clear,

he's also, I think, focused on a much different use case. I agree. Like friend.com. I agree. It's building a companion. To be fair,

like the bear case for a friend is that they wind up in the same position as Pebble, which is that they do the discovery to find out that smartwatches are a good thing. and then Apple comes out with the Apple Watch. They just leverage integration, and it's just a much better product. And then Google didn't need to buy Pebble. They just created the Samsung Galaxy Gear or whatever, the Samsung Watch. And so the existing hardware manufacturers, they haven't had to buy companies.

And so they've wound up putting, like a lot of the, there's not a winner in independent smartwatches. And so if there is a pioneering new format and Open AI has a series. serious hardware product in the space, and then Apple copies it quickly, and then Samsung copies it quickly for the Android ecosystem, you're kind of left out to dry. So obviously, I'm pulling for him, and I hope he can wind up navigating it and counter positioning in a way that he creates something that's truly disruptive. But it is serious business right now. But Augustus sums it up well.

He says, I have no stake in SFAI hardware, but this seems right. And it's the giant going up against Avi Schiffman and friend. So good luck to him. But yeah, the current prototype is slightly larger than the AI pin with a form factor as compact and elegant as an iPod shuffle. One of the intended use cases is wearing. The shuffle really was a magic product. Yeah. Were you kind of too mature for a shuffle?

I don't know if I ever had one, but I think it was more like a poverty problem. I don't think I had the money for it. But it was very much like an accessory. Didn't inspire you to grind? Yeah, I should have been grinding harder. But honestly, no, you know what it was? I was too much for a nerd. So I had something called like an I river, which was like a very unique, very unique thing.

That like it was technically more advanced than the iPod at the time. Like I had one that had a color screen that you could watch movies on. It was like a two inch screen. And it was well before the iPod video came out by like a year. And so the release cycle was high, was was faster and you get newer tech. But it was like borderline unusable because there was no focus on user experience. And so the company wound up kind of just not not ripping. What else?

Oh, Sam Altman. There's an exclusive in the Wall Street Journal by Berber Gin, a quote in here about what he's planning here. And we just got to read this one quote. Altman suggested that the $6.5 billion acquisition has the potential to add $1 trillion in value to Open AI, which is such an insane thing to say. It's so crazy. But at the same time, how much is Apple worth?

you get, if you get a play in that space, like, yes, a trillion dollars of market cap is totally up for grabs. And so I think it's, I think it's like, it sounds ridiculous. It sounds like over the top. But that really is the, the expected value. And so when you think about it as like, you know, what is that? A 0.6% or, yeah, 0.65% chance at a trillion, probably worth 6.5 billion, right? Yeah. In equity. So that's the deal that they made was that, hey, we're going to get this team that's going to run really hard at this. If they hit it, it's low probability, probably, you know, a couple percent chance that they pull it off. But if they do, it's a trillion dollars, so it's totally worth the high number. At least that's probably, like, that's one way to do the discounted cash flow and, like, the valuation. And we've sliced and diced the $6.5 billion a bunch of different ways. And I think we both came away with this idea that, like, it's not as crazy as it sounds.

It's 2% of the company. You know, you're getting a great executive. You're getting a whole team. And like, it seems like a big number. They haven't shipped anything yet. That's crazy to buy something that doesn't even have a product for $6 billion. But when you think about the market, the opportunity, things start piecing together. And it could wind up looking very good in hindsight.

But who knows? Anyway, I don't think there's anything else we need to go into before we bring in our first guest. We got Jory from Linear. Let's bring them in. Let's bring them in. How you doing? Hey guys. Welcome to the show.

We're great. Good. Having fun, reading through the information, looking at the new Sam Altman, I.O. acquisition. Have you, do you have a take on the new device? What do you want to see in the world of AI hardware? I don't know, to be honest.

Let's see when things start shipping and how things like Google. Yeah. Have you had a chance to play? I mean, it's great to see. Like, I have, again, like on a driver's seat. than like on the news like doing interviews and so on. So I think like it's so like how to how to break from for like whatever,

like four years or like so it's been a while. Yeah, John called out it was like very strategic to go have him do a big interview at Stripe sessions and then immediately the next week, you know, come in with this massive announcement. But I'm excited to see. I think every technology. Call that a coincidence in my parts. Yeah, yeah.

But I think every technology enthusiast will benefit. from him taking a real crack at the AI. What else in the news this week? It's been kind of an informal AI week over here at TBPN between Microsoft Build, Google I.O, open AI, I.O. Linear agents. Linear agents and Anthropic Claude 4 dropping. What's been most interesting to you?

What are you most excited to leverage? Pretty bad week for me, for like following the news. This is like finished up moving. So I have actually been like relatively like off news and like I think like on the docket for like long weekend to like start catching up more on the on like all the key notes and so on. But I don't know. It's it's good stuff like having more agents or like it's pretty coding agents and like different like players like coming coming to the space. So I don't like it's it'll be like interesting seeing like over the next couple of weeks kind of like what like performs like how well. and also like what kind of like user experiences are going to be there.

Because I think like that's kind of like the bit that we're like at linear like now fully much more. As we're like also, you know, try and like work with like different players and like integrate stuff into linear. It's like what are like the patterns of like usage that will happen with this? Yeah, what's more important? Just vague definitions around user experience patterns for agents versus standards. like MCP and more technical advances. Yeah. I mean, like those are like very two different things. I don't like, you know, like MCP and like open standards.

Like that's like personally, I'm like very, very like pro. Of course, as an engineer, uh, but it's been something like I don't like we can like lost in like last decade of like the big platforms owning more and more on their like trying to like hoard everything. But like now things are pretty much like being pushed out in the open. and people are like companies are like almost like forced to cooperate in like the new world there's just so much demand and it's been interesting to see from our side too as like large companies like jumping very early and like it's like a whole space is kind of pushing all the companies to like act fast let's see how much is like you know hot air

like what like will come out of it but I think like overall it's like push for openness is good but then how have you So, yeah, so for for linear's agent's product, how do you evaluate? How, how open is the product? If somebody's building an agent, can, can they build an integration with, with linear by themselves? Are you guys really kind of doing your own internal testing to kind of qualify potential partners there? Yeah, we're, we're kind of like looking more on the promotional side, I would say. Like, we believe in like open APIs and like trying to like,

have people access, but then I don't like that when it comes to like security and these kind of things, it comes more on like what do you like promote? Sure. Yeah. Yeah. I mean at the same time, like if I get a really amazing agent that just can puppeteer my mouse and keyboard, you can't really do anything about that. Maybe you throw up a CAPTCHA, but agents are going to be able to solve those pretty quickly. And so at a certain point, you have to think like, like you're, you know, there's a reason why you have an API. There's a reason why you have an MCP server. There's a reason why you have maybe an agent integration, but are these like temporary steps in your mind, or do you think that there's real durable value to an agent,

like a standardization, something that you build in-house, some sort of protocol or some or standardizing against things versus just MCP I kept coming back to like, can't the LLMs, if they're really so smart, can't they just use websites? But what's your take on that trend? Yeah, it probably comes down to like user experience that you want to like offer. So in like controlling or computer or like VM or whatever, like that's the kind of ultimate like band date to like everything. Like it allows to do everything, but it's still like it's not purpose built. But like MCP to a degree is like a little bit like similar. It's just like a way to like do like do request response like call.

and get the information in and like share that. But then it's more about, I don't like, in our mind, it's like, what is the experience like inside the product that like you're going to offer that maybe is like specific to that product and how that does, how does that work? Like today, like our implementation is like, you know, somewhat like rudimentary that we would expect, like agents look like regular users,

but it's not very exciting to see the progress of the agent when they're like posting new comments in the thread. That's a little bit of a hack that you kind of like have to like live without while we still like see what's actually like required and like what can we like built to like better like support like the agent developers like what what's going like experience to like give them. Of course like we're, you know, like looking at this from the lens of like linear. Of course like running the company and like building the product. But it's also like it's it's interesting to see how the like where does the invocation of like agents happen.

Like is it like your CLI? Is it like a text editor? Is there like some kind of like web tool or like the desktop app? Of course like for us it's like it's pretty natural like being like close to like where you work. So like integrating into that workflow. And I thought that's way like these like smaller companies especially like are pretty excited to like built in linear because they're already using linear themselves what what agent uh gets the heaviest usage internally at linear today i think so it's being like a couple of the coding agents but those

were like the first ones to you know to the market no i i mean i mean not even i mean specifically like your team at linear yeah like coding coding agents or or well you know i kind of like mention any names because like of course we're we don't have a horse in the race where's the interface for this i love i love horse races and i love having horses in races yeah pick a horse but like it's changing like every week as like you said like there's like a lot of like new new agents that like came out this week from google and like open a i and so on so like it's kind of like it'll be like interesting to see like how those like play out and we're like looking for like working with like all of them of course But I think like currently the focus is a lot on just coding agents.

Like it's natural because there's a lot of like value to be created over there. But I think like we'll in the next couple of months, we'll start seeing much more like non-coding agents like augmenting like in alongside with the coding agent. So you might have a you might have a task where you have a, you know, like a feature like feature flagging like agent, coding agent and I don't know like who know, Who knows? A marketing agent, like helping you out, like to write the change lock block posts and so on. Yeah, that makes sense. Are there any other AI features that you're implementing that feel like windsurfer cursor for project management?

Like something that links in linear alongside, but it's not that asynchronous. Because in coding, we're seeing a lot of like there's synchronous AI and there's asynchronous AI and there's asynchronous AI and these two different patterns. And it feels like the, it feels like the, it feels like the market's biosecrant. but no investors want to admit that because they want to say it's going to be winner take all. But in fact, we're seeing two different paradigms, kind of emerge or maybe in three different paradigms emerge. What are you seeing on the project management side? Yeah, that's, yeah, I don't like the agents are roughly, as clearly in our case, are tied to issues or tasks. And that's kind of like the interface for them. Outside that, where, of course, like linear is not only like issue tracking tools. It's

like for project management, like organizing like your your work at the company level, not only like an individual level. So and that's we're kind of like have a separate work stream of we're building our own like AI tooling around that. How can we augment the project managers and like the product leaders to like do their work better? And that you could like imagine looking a little bit more like a cloud or cursor like alongside your linear data.

But with that, it's going to be interesting to see how we can start, like, introducing, like, the external, like, agents or, like, MCPs as, like, part of that. That, of course, like, the issues is that's, like, the first step because of, like, much more natural. What's your team's approach to testing new, for example, coding agents, right? It's in many ways, like the linear approach from my perspective is, you know, really thoughtful, ideally long-term planning around building, you know, beautiful products and taking a calm approach to doing this and in that way, you know, enabling other people to maybe have more calm, uh, effective product development. Uh, but at the same time, like testing new tools, they can be

super effective, but testing new tools can also be super distracting. You know, we don't do a ton of engineering on TBPN. We actually do a surprising amount, kind of like back office stuff to kind of automate production. But I can imagine an environment where you have, you know, call it 50 engineers. And on any given day, one of them can send a message into Slack, hey, guys, you got to check this out. It's like amazing, blah, blah, blah. Maybe they just got like a couple of good results and it's actually not worth directing everyone's energy to, but at the same time, you want to stay at the edge. But do you have a philosophy or kind of an internal ethos around testing new tools? Not really. I think like mostly comes from people themselves. We're not like enforcing like certain

tools. We're of course encouraging a couple of like a couple of tools where we can, you know, like maintaining like security and those kind of things. We're like mature company at this point. So like we need to we need to look after like our customer's information and like a lot of like like also lives inside linear. So we need to like look after stuff. But when it comes to like new tools, the team is like looking at the news the same way we are and like trying out stuff.

And I think it's a little bit more. So you put out like linear ways a little bit more calm. And I think like that also shows on the tool adoption and so on. Like you're like excited like the try out stuff. But like you know, you take it with a great. assault instead of like going on Twitter and like blasting like we replaced like all of our team like with AI I mean like that's one way to do it but that's definitely not us yeah nothing against that either but yeah the Klarna method not naming any I said I said it I said it I respect it

it's good marketing it's good marketing but it's not for everyone yeah I don't like that that's that's being like overall like when it comes to developing AI tools like We started like when like everyone else started like a couple of years back when like the first GPTs like came out and like tried to do stuff and like you know, tried to build a chatbot and so on. Like but I don't like very early on like we realized like well you get to like whatever 60, 70% but like then it's like falls apart the experience and like it's not and then it's really like hard to figure out like what's actually had to get to like the 95% where you want to be. This is the Apple problem.

You, you, you, linear and Apple have similar sort of like desires for perfection, right? And, and generative AI is in many ways completely imperfect, right? And unreliable. So that's an interesting, it's an interesting challenge. Yeah. But we built, we built a few things. We shipped a few things. We don't make like, maybe like the biggest fuss about it. We're not the AI powered like issue tracking. software, raising like a zillion, like dollars. But now raising a lot from customers, though. Yeah. Yeah. And, you know, I mean, like in the end, like, they, they want to get their work done. And like, do they want to like buy hype or do they want to like buy product? Maybe today, like,

you want to like buy more like AI. And that's where we're seeing like a lot of like demand for AI solutions. And like now we're heavily investing in that. Like, and that kind of like our, we did a course correction over like the last, like roughly six months ago when I think like the tools has got so much better. Like for me personally, I was like on parents, leave and like doing the deep seek like came out and like just trying like the thinking mode was just like the light bulb moment. Like I think. Interesting. Yeah. A little bit background on that. I think just because of like linear philosophy is like try to build really like you know snappy like perfect. purposeful tools. Like, we always like chase the millisecond and like try to get something like really fast. And when it comes to like LLMs, like you have like inherent latency to it. So it's a spell like how do we how do we bind this like weight into the product that's instant? And I think like now with the new like thinking modes and so on like that's just changed the like user like what people.

people expect like that paradigm and now we can like build towards that and like people expect to take a little bit like more time and also like more UI patterns to support that but like you get a lot of value out of it totally well yeah check out some of Google's launches from earlier this week what was it they were doing 3,000 tokens and like half a second with the diffusion models yeah very cool anyways this was awesome congratulations on the launch this week and come back on again soon. Yeah, hopefully. Cheers.

Later, Jerry. Talk to you soon. We got Zach. Weinberg coming into the studio. And we also have Doug Bernauer from Radiant joining at 230 to talk about the nuclear deal, which I'm very excited about.

Welcome to the stream, Zach. How are you doing? I'm good. Welcome to the stream. Bull soundboard now. Oh, yeah. We're getting you better. Constant iteration.

What other product updates have there been since I was last here? Oh, I mean, our Kairons. Stop asking about, stop asking hard questions about our updates. We're doing fine. I know, is a sponsor, whoever makes the yellow drink,

I assume. Oh, no, to be honest, they're not sponsoring us. To be honest, I did grow up in the town that this company is from, but we have no connection.

We have no proper affiliation. Honestly, if anything, we should just wrap up. these in ramp yellow. We should. We should. Anyways, good to see you.

Yeah, yeah, good to see you guys. Thanks for that. I mean, we wanted to have you on initially to talk about the most favorite nation drug pricing EO. It's been a week or two since then. There was kind of like, I think it dropped Sunday. It felt like years ago. But I mean, it felt like Sunday like, oh, this is going to be Black Monday for biotech. It didn't happen.

The biotech stocks did. They also, this was coinciding with the pullback on the tariffs broadly, so the market rose overall. Can you give us how you process the information, how you're thinking about it now, does this thing matter? Should we even be talking about it? Should we just move on? Yeah. Maybe let's start with like why it's probably just like a misguided idea in the first place, or at least the trade that I think Americans would need to understand that you're making and as it relates to drug pricing. I think we may have talked about this last time,

or I've talked about this with a lot of people, like the idea that America pays a lot for new therapeutics, right? And we do, we do, by the way. Like this idea that we pay materially more, even on like a GDP adjusted basis than other countries and in particular other wealthy countries. So you take Europe is probably like the best example

where the amount that we spend on new therapies, as a percentage of our, like it was called GDP adjusted price, if you will, is still on the upper bound. So like America pays for the innovation for the rest of the world. But don't we get the innovations like five to 10 years faster than the rest of the world? We definitely get them faster. We are usually the first place. All these new drugs launch.

There is also a set of therapies that we have that you just cannot get anywhere else. like the, you know, other countries refuse to pay for them. It's, it's, you know, socialized medicine, right? So it's like a single budget. And then there's also the factor of the rebates where the headline price that you see quoted in America is not what Americans typically pay, even if they don't have insurance. So you might see that some, like, Alzheimer's drug is 10 times or 100 times the headline price in America versus Japan, but realistically, Americans are paying three times more, five times more, which is still a lot, but it's not, it's not the scary number that people often quote. Personally, I like, I like paying more for drugs because it inspires me to

grind harder. Yeah. Right. I think many Americans feel the same way. Which drugs are we talking about here? Caffeine, nicotine, creatine, protein, protein, testosterone mostly. Protein. Yeah. Yeah. Full just TRT juicing before the show. Yeah. No, so like, we do pay more. Um, was where I was going on a net basis, like when you add in all the discounts that are that are given out, it's not as bad as it makes it seem. But obviously, like when you read about it in the headlines and they're like, oh, this drug is like $65,000 a year, 100,000, that is the list price. And so, you know, the media doesn't understand net pricing versus list pricing. And so the headlines are much more sensational than they actually are in reality. But yes, the Delta still does exist. And we are,

We do pay more. Now, part of the reason why we pay more is because if we if we don't do it The drugs don't exist. Yeah, and I just think that little like piece of this is really hard for most people to understand Which is like biotech. There's this really amazing analysis that was done by R a capital, which is like a giant biotech venture fund and yeah, we had one of their principles on the I think the Monday after super sharp group top five you know, mostly publics but like this is like a you know expert expert expert group in therapeutics. Yeah, we had tests on. Yeah, they have about 300 people. Their founder Peters is super sharp. We respect them a lot.

They actually were investors in one of our companies next rounds. Anyway, good group. They did a very beautiful analysis of the expected value of a biotech investment at various rounds, seed round, A round, B round, so on and so forth. Like, what is the EV of a dollar that you put in? And I will tell you that at both seed and series A, the EV is negative, negative at our current prices. And the reason for this is like drug discovery is the single hardest fucking problem

that you will ever encounter in your life. Because you are trying to make a drug and using all of these tools that are not actually the human being until the absolute end of it. You take all this insane amount of risk and spend tons and tons of money and the data that you have to make your decisions are like in a petri dish or in a mouth. or in a monkey or in a dog. And like, yes, that's useful, but it's not a human. And so, like, the amount of companies where, because you don't see this in tech, right?

You don't see companies that have raised $300 million do one product launch and then go bankrupt. And, like, that happens all the time in biotech. That's actually, like, the norm is basically, you know, you've spent a few hundred million dollars. You think this thing is possibly going to work. It works in a dog. It works in a monkey. Whatever. The drug-like properties seem all really great.

And then you'd run a human clinical trial for $150 million and it doesn't work and the company's bankrupt and everybody loses their money. And like, and it's not like $20 million. It's like a hundreds of, so, you know, biotech is is a expected value negative investment business, even at current prices. And so what that means is like, is that just a power law thing where where the best about biotech venture funds are doing great at Seed in Series A? and just like, you know, there's plenty of funds that I could point to in consumer SaaS or enterprise SaaS that are terrible and negative EV, right? I don't think, I don't think you could point through the asset class being negative EV. True, true, true, right?

Like, yes, there's always a skew in the results. But here we're talking about the entire asset class is negative EV. And so if you're on the front end of it, great. But like, you know, you stick it in the middle, you lose money. In tech, I don't think you get the median fund in tech and you lose money. No, no, no, no, no, yeah. So you guys like the fight might be like one and a half X or something. Exactly.

Yeah. So it's not shifted this way. Yeah. The whole category. Why is it shifted this way? There's a bunch of reasons. The biggest one in my opinion has to do with this concept of called like better than the Beatles, which is basically like it's a very simple idea when it clicks for you.

When I try to launch a new drug, the thing that I have to beat in terms of its efficacy, like how good of a drug is it is the current. standard of care, meaning what a patient would get if this drug didn't exist. So it's not placebo. In most cases, it's not like a water, you know, sugar pill, right? It's like the current thing. And so as we get better at treating the current thing, the bar gets higher. So it actually, like, the better we do a drug discovery, it gets harder, not easier. We should do that with payroll software. Unless you're better than the best payroll software, you shouldn't be allowed to promote your product. Well, and even more, like, here's the crazy. You shouldn't be allowed to launch.

You shouldn't be allowed to launch. Here's the analogy. You wouldn't be allowed to launch the product. Okay? The government would say, no, no, no, no. You cannot launch until you are better than the current solution. Your corporate card isn't better than ramp, so you can't launch. That's just ridiculous.

Could you imagine that world where like, oh, my new, you know, someone who would launch, like, I don't know. Yeah, of course. Chat GPT search engine. And then, like, the federal government's like, nope, Google's better. You can't do this. until you're better. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. That is how biotech works.

Wow. That is how biotech works. And by the way, is that the right, is that the right way for it to work? Is that contribute? Like, does it, I, I, I, you have to imagine it contributes to prices being high because it's somewhat anti-competitive, right? If I, like, in the payroll, in the payroll market, right? Like, a payroll platform gets super bloated.

Yeah. Some founders, like, and it costs, you know, $100 an employee. Some founder comes in, launches an okay version. Also, there's just. less iteration on drugs, I would imagine, than on software, right? No, no, you can't, like, iterate through it. There's no, like, learning. You got to, like, it's either is better or not.

Here's the problem. Are you going to take the drug that's 30% worse, but 50% cheaper, even though you don't pay for it? Absolutely not. Exactly. Yeah. Yeah. Exactly. Now, if you, if you were on the hook, or maybe you saw some of the rebates and, you know,

went into your pocket, make you, maybe you'd be like, all right, you know, like, my psoriasis isn't, like, that bad. Yeah. I'll take the like 30% less effective drug and I'll like clip some you know coupons and but that we don't do that yeah because you know in in America we view health care as like it's supposed to be free for everybody and so I mean you kind of do it with with over the counter stuff like if you get like the mucin X extra strength max like it might be three dollars more than just like you try trying to try telling the cancer patient that you're going to get very different for that

absolutely you're just not going to do it and so You know, the FDA is kind of like, well, what's the bar is current standard of care. That's the standard we've put in place. Look, if we wanted to create a system where you could launch slightly worse drugs cheaper, like that would be an interesting system. But the problem is the people using the drugs aren't the one paying for the drugs, at least not directly. And so cheaper doesn't win, right?

Like you can't shift because the patient at the end of the day does not want the worst drug. Like, I can't even. There's so many situations where you're just, like absolutely not, especially in serious disease, chronic disease, cancer, all the stuff that really matters. So going all the way back to pricing, one of these like weird, weird issues in biotech is simply like as the industry gets better, it gets harder, not easier, which is there's almost like no other industry where that is true. Yeah. And so it's the opposite of learning curve pricing. It's like the opposite of fabs, the opposite of software. The opposite of the internet.

Yeah, when you see all these stats of like innovation in biotech has slowed and all, you know, a lot of it is because of this, and they call it better than the Beatles, which is this idea of like, imagine if you wanted to release music and the only way it would work is if you were better than the Beatles, because that's the best. And so like, how much music would you really have? And that's, that's the, I like the phrase because it, whatever, it's catchy, like the Beatles. Anyway, so it is, it does, the one thing I'll say is it has an interesting effect of, pushing for true excellence, right? Yeah, yeah. I mean, that does not happen. That's certainly doesn't happen in SaaS. There's a lot of people that see a good SaaS product and they're like,

I can make an okay version of that and make a couple million dollars a year. There's less cynicism and there's less like, we don't have a slop problem in farming. Well, there's no and there's no like move fast and break things because you can't tweak your way to the front, right? You've got to build the best drug before you put it into people, right? There is no tweaking. So I say all of this, which is to say like, yes, drugs are expensive in the United States. But like if you wanted cheaper drugs today, you are basically not going to get any in the future. And I know everyone's like, oh, that's not true. Like I am on the front lines of this every single day.

I mean, we are one of now, one of the larger biotech venture funds at C, meaning like we take the most. We're in that negative EV category. Risk on. Risk on. Yeah. Yeah. And so if the price on the other side,

is not big enough for the risk that you take. It's not that you like tone it down. It's that you just don't do it. Yeah, I mean, just to be very clear, like you don't need to do this, right? Like you could you could walk away from the game, right? Yeah, like there's that. And by the way, it's not just me. It's our investors, our LPs.

Like if my fund and every other biotech in early stage investor can't make money, our job will cease to exist because our investors won't let us exist. Right? Like there's this, oh, money will always be there. No, absolutely not. And so, you know, you need a reward on the other side of it. And I think that trade is really hard for people to think about because you're like, well, it's a lot now. And you're like, yeah, it's a lot now. But if it's, if it weren't, that means 10 years from now, you're going to have the same drugs available in 10 years as we have today. Your kids are not going to be any better off from medicine perspective. So the reward does have to be really big. But at the same time, like do the Europeans kind of like,

reload off of us, yes. And so this kind of like rough idea of like, all right, this is what they're trying to do is say we're going to index the U.S. price to like a basket of comparable international countries, basically like wealthy first world countries, mostly European countries, and that we can't be like materially higher than they are on a GDP adjusted basis. At least that's the idea behind the executive order. Maybe two thoughts. One, all. this will not take it dark u.s. drug prices down it will not happen uh what will happen this is not a good thing is it may force first of all okay this is likely not enforceable i don't believe the legally i don't think the eo works and that's part of why you didn't see the biotech market react

is every expert no took it seriously yeah like it's not there's not it'll fail in the court a thousand times it'll never get implemented that doesn't mean some future version of this there isn't some like you know loophole or whatever that maybe the government slowly figures out but like this eo seems as if it's basically never going to happen. Yeah. What about the, is, is biotech being squeezed on both sides in some way right now, given that there's kind of an attack on the fundamental foundational research as well? And so like if you take that, basically that's like investment that's sort of like, you know,

not effectively the biotech industry gets the benefit out. Yeah, like the negative EV bets are already being subsidized to be closer to zero, but not. This administration is doing absolutely everything it can to destroy the future therapeutics that you want. Every single decision they've made, basically, so far has been negative to future medicines existing. Right. Like you cut biology research so we don't really understand what drives disease. You cut skilled immigration. Do you know who is like half of biotech?

If you go to like any biotech company's website, you go to R, usually somewhere between 30 and 50% of the people on staff are foreign. Yeah, yeah. Because you know who like doesn't want to do the 17 years of school to become a chemist and like do all the training? Americans. And so, you know, we already have a science, a skilled scientist shortage. And that's even with current immigration. And so like kicking these people out of the country, not letting them come here in the first place to train. Like we're just going to have a massive, you know, skills gap. This isn't like bring manufacturing back. This is like you need to be a PhD in chemistry plus 15 years. Like these people don't exist. And so most of our. Most of our. senior team at Kerry is is foreign born. Yeah. And I imagine that I imagine that the biotech industry could very quickly absorb like twice the amount of PhDs and just do more research, right? And it's not, it wouldn't be like job displacement if that happened. So the solution. And like biology and chemistry PhDs and proteins like specific types of PhDs. You know, do we need like marine science PhDs? Yeah. But you know. So I don't want to put words in your mouth,

but are you saying the solution is that we need a million Brian Johnson's? We're looking for scientists, not crazy people. So, you know, no, we need we need a million, you know, David Luz at MIT. Yeah. What about what about that guy in China, Hu Junkwe? Have you been following this guy? He is the first Chris for himself. Yeah, yeah, exactly.

And he posts these like very vague posts where I thought it was an A.I. I thought it was an AI like meme account for months. And he keeps posting like, you know, biotechnology should never be used for to create super soldiers. And it's just like a selfie of him. And it's like it sounds like you're making a super soldier, man. And it's unclear how much he's in on the joke. But recently like he got married and his wife can't get into the country.

Have you been tracking that story at all? No, because it's like fringe. It's like, yeah. It's like the New York Post of Science. Yeah. What about. All right. Hold on.

Yeah. Please, please, please. Because I just like, this is the class, this is administration being like, I'm angry about something. And then I make a decision and nobody thinks about then what happens. And it's just like over and over again. You're like, these are these fucking people are so stupid. And I hope they're listening. Like you are all so stupid.

And like you're just, you're just ruining the thing that has made America excellent in science by killing all these things in, you know, science funding, immigration, blah, blah, blah. It's like it is idiotic. But even even if you say, like we're going to index the US price to international prices. Remember that the United States is a giant fucking country. If 350 million people were the wealthiest in the world, like all 50% of pharma revenue comes from the United States. And then you get like Japan is kind of second. Okay. So now put yourself in the shoes of a pharma company. Right. You're going to index, you're going to index our price to the European price. And let's say the Europeans are like 15%

of your revenue. And the Americans are 50. Are you going to lower your price? Absolutely not. You're just going to raise the European price. Yeah. Right. And just to bring it up because you can't lose the U.S. revenue. Yep. So like you'll never give this revenue up. So the U.S.

price will not change. This does not work. All it does is it may, even if it were illegal, it may force pharma to bring its European price up. And you know what happens when that happens? Because this is like, and then what? The Europeans are go, okay, we can't pay for it. We're not going to buy it.

And all it does is it keeps the U.S. price the same and it shrinks pharma. Like the net net is the United States will pay exactly the same that we pay. before because pharma is not going to drop price in its largest category by far it's the only place you can make money in pharma is in the u.s and that price not coming down if you have to bring the price externally up it shrinks the revenue in that market which shrinks pharma which shrinks biotech because if you if pharma is a smaller you know dollar value if the if the profitability of pharma comes down you know what they stop doing buying biotech companies right all this the same effect which is like well if this is less It's just a different way of making it less profitable, right?

It's the same thing of like drop. If it's less profitable, I can't take as much risk. And if I can't take as much risk, I stop doing risky drug discovery and therefore the whole industry just kind of like like this. And that's not a win. How do how do companies get valued if they have one drug that's like working and maybe it's the best, right? So it's actually able to be in the market. yet there's a sort of sense that there are very real competitors that might come in with a drug that is substantially better.

Like how is a pharma company that's, you know, exploring M&A going to value that is it still the same same? This is what they do all day. What you just described is exactly what these people are spending teams and teams of people on, which is like, okay, what is the value of the current drug that we've got, which is Usually, if it's at the place where it's approved, you're looking at, you know, say, what have peak sales and how long am I going to be able? How long is my patent? Right? What do we, what do we expect generic competition to come to look like? And then you're looking at the pipeline of competitors and you're looking at the data that they shared. And sometimes there's some data and sometimes there isn't. And then you're trying to predict the future, which is like, okay, just because, you know, company X is working on a competitor doesn't mean it's going to work. So do we think it's going to work? Why do we think it's going to work? If it does work, what do the shit? So you do like scenario planning, like, okay, you know, 10% chance this beats us, 50% chance it doesn't.

Like, should we be concerned? And all of this math goes into the spreadsheet of like, what do we think this drug is worth? And what's the risk appetite? So like this is this is day-to-day, you know, biotech pharma commercial analysis. There are very, very smart people who do this. You know, this is what the public hedge ones do. It's what the RA guys will do, you know, and it's deep science. But all of it is just like, at least the drug pricing stuff is just, it's a trade that is hard for people to understand.

But it's kind of like if you don't put a reward on a very risky thing, the risky thing doesn't happen. And you just don't feel it until 10 years. You won't even really know because it's the drug that never got started in the first place. And then eventually what you're doing is you're outsourcing all this to China because the Chinese will pick it up and do we have a longer conversation. about China. So all of it is just kind of like stupid. The other thing I would say, we don't have to jump, but like this is my defense of medicine and therapeutics, if you will, as like a great investment. They go generic. Yeah. Like nine to 12 years, let's say roughly, these are generic, which means they are basically free for you in 10 years. I know your kids and their grandkids and your future

kids. Like it is an unbelievable investment. You pay a lot up front. You get a lot of innovation, a lot of people taking risk. You have this window in time. You're just like, yeah, you know, you got to eat it. You're going to pay a bunch for it. It's not going to feel great. And then everybody gets it free. There's no other industry in the world where that happens. And even within healthcare, you know, doesn't go generic. Doctors, hospitals, surgeries. Like, why, why is there so much focus on the therapeutic, which is also only about 10% of medical spending is drugs, which then eventually goes generic versus the 90% of it, which is basically position. And those physicians, they're not, you know, it's because the margins, right?

What, what, uh, strikes you as something that like the pill only costs the scent to make. Exactly. Yeah. Just emotionally you think about high margin things. What's a, what's a, what's something positive that could come from the EO? We, we, we had a, uh, infamous healthcare exact actually actually no we had an infamous health care exact message us while we're live said ask him if he reads that the EO is maybe trying to solve the consumer pricing problem gross to net rather than actually making pricing comparable in the end given that there was a specific call out for consumer D to C pricing and which might have been why consumer DDA, like, healthcare is about the new drugs that are really expensive, not like consumer D2C

pricing of like, you know, whatever, consumer medicine. Like I'm talking about real healthcare, very sick, chronic disease people with neurological conditions, with cancer, with heart disease, like the serious stuff, which is what we should care about. I just saw a company that they'll give me one pill that has a rate of dysfunction medicine and hair loss medicine in one pill. Is that not real medicine? What's going on?

Those are generic men. Sounds like amazing. It's amazing. And you know why they're so cheap? Yeah. Because they're generic. Because 15, 20 years ago, we invented this shit. You know, Pfizer made like a crap ton of money selling Viagra.

Yeah, that's right. Everybody, now you get to get your six and one dick pill for dollars. And like, that's a pretty cool deal, right? Like it's cheap and all this. Like, sores, there's some like gross to net, whatever. That's not what health care is. That's not, I'm sorry, like hair loss is not. health care.

Interesting. What about CRISPR on demand? There was this infant child that was saved with a custom gene therapy. It seemed like a very inspiring story. There was an inspiring video all about it. It seems like an amazing testament to something we've been hearing about for a long time, which is CRISPR, maybe a decade. We've been talking about this.

Is that an opportunity for new companies? Is there already a company that's like ripping on the back of this? Or is that just kind of like an outgrowth of what we'd expect with the technology given the maturity. I believe the company that did this was Beam Therapeutics. Is that them who did it? Yeah. Yeah, it's cool.

This is, I mean, this is a perfect example, right? Which is like that, I think it's being, I can't remember I can't remember I can't remember how hand which one it is. They, that company that successfully developed this, uh, this therapeutic. Is trading for less than money raised. Whoa. Wow. Okay.

Break silence. It's terrible. Right? And why? Well, because these gene editing technologies where you're going after essentially, like, disease that is very clearly defined by some mutation in your DNA, and that's a small subset of total disease. It's like very, very rare conditions that this applies to.

So, like, the market, the way I think about it is, like, the patient market for this technology is very small. These are horrible diseases that, in theory, can be treated through gene editing. there's not that many of them, but you can do some really amazing things if you can make these edits, which is the first time this has ever happened. But like if you add up the patient population

of like all of these conditions where you could possibly do this, it's not that many. I don't know the math off hand. I bet you it's probably like tens of thousands at most. Okay. And so like plus the variable cost of manufacturing this stuff on a per patient basis can be hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Aren't we going to get some blockbuster gene editing for hair loss and then we're back in business? No. Because hair loss is not, you know, there's no like one base edit to, you know, fix hair loss. But yet, um, yet. I think, I think it's, I like this techno pessimist on my stream. Zach. Well, one of the things you learn is you go into science is that the DNA is not actually the whole story.

It's not even close to the whole story. And so like it's not even you, you're going to say there's vibes a part of it. Is that? It's actually astrology. Yeah. Okay. You have to take into the DNA, but also the astrological sign. infamous astrologists.

Yeah, I mean, vibes are kind of like it in a way that like your behavior as you're alive does affect your epigenetics or the vibes of the DNA. Your epigenetics matter, right? Like you sit in in smoke all day, like you're gonna have some problems. Anyway, I like this as an example because this company that just made this like unbelievable breakthrough

is never been done before in humans. They're curing diseases is now trading for basically less than cash raised. I gotta go find the actual numbers. I swear. Eric. So there's, I just got an answer. So this was a bespoke CRISPR base editing drug. It was built and tested by physicians scientists at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine with translational help from Innovative Genomics Institute at UC Berkeley. Reagents and GMP grade components were donated by several

suppliers, including Accutas therapeutics and integrated DNA technologies and Aldveron, both Danaher companies for guide RNA. Yes. On that, one there was another there's another story yes there was another story and I have to find it well we will have to we we have to but but but but but why we'd love to have you back and kind of dig into some of these other biotech companies and take us through like the wins and losses I think it'd be very interesting to see by the way imagine imagine imagine if that becomes a drug and we go oh we can only pay twenty thousand dollars for it do you know what happens to that drug it's just on the shelf it's on the shelf no one ever does it no one ever makes it and

There's your drug pricing in reality, which is like, well, it's got to be a reward. So we're pro higher drug prices, I guess. You build us on that? We want that, we want the highest prices possible is what I'm here. You want to, you'll get a lot of shit. You put real high prices like people will come and, and take risk. You know, I'm sure there's some balance. We got to have you and Screli on together.

We need like, here's my favorite stat. Yeah. My first set. The, the, I, I'll pull these for you. want to sound like an asshole just like spitting numbers that aren't true. I believe on a per American basis, like you take our drug spend and you divide it essentially over like, you know, Americans we spend drugs on. It's something like $1,000 a year or so per person, if you will.

We spend more on cosmetics than we do on medicine. Wow. More on cosmetics. Let's hear from America. We're looking good. What about fast food? What about fast food? We might be dropping dead at 45, but we're going to look good doing it.

Thanks so much for stopping by. This is fantastic. We'll talk to you soon. Always pleasure. Cheers. Next up, we have Lee Marie Braswell from Kleiner Perkins coming in, former colleague of mine at Founders Fund briefly. Excited to talk to her about artificial intelligence, AI agents, all the news of the day, and we'll bring her in. And we got some good chirones for her coming up.

We'll see if we can get them up on the stream. What are we talking for her? The term she tyrant herself. Lee Marie, are you there? Can you hear me? How you doing? Oh, what's up, Kugan? How's going? It's good.

What's new with you? I'd love to get your initial take on AI week. We got Microsoft Build, Google I.O, Open AI, I.O. We got Claude 4 from Anthropic. It's been a massive week. What has stuck out to you as like the most interesting, the most underrated, the most worth digging into of the news of the week? Well, I guess just to start off.

And it's so good to see you again. It's been a while. It's been too long. Yeah, thanks for having me on the show. Yeah, there's never a dull moment, really. You know, yeah, you know, I feel like every day there's, there's something really, you know, significant that you need to be paying attention to if you're going to try to make money investing in AI companies. Yeah. And so, yeah, I mean, I think the big thing that's, actually, there's so much this week.

I mean, you know, starting with some of the stuff you said, the eye. It's the best time to be a technology podcaster. Yeah. Investors are close second, but podcasters really where you want to be. That's where the action is. Because every day there's new news. Anyway, yeah, what is sticking out to you? Hey, Jordy. Hey.

So there's, I mean, the IO acquisition in particular, that news. What an incredible video. What an incredible team. I mean, just really showcasing opening eyes ambition to really, you know, get into, get into a lot of stuff. And I mean, obviously there's a lot of speculation about what the device will look like. It's actually looking to something. My favorite, sorry to interrupt.

My favorite part was John and I are, I guess, X Hall monitors. We're in the community notes program. So somebody was trying to community note the Open AI launch video. And the suggested community note was this video uses AI. These two scenes aren't real. If you look at this section, it's like you're trying to got you an AI company for using AI in a marketing video. Like, what is this? That's very silly.

What do you expect? You know? That's kind of the point. Yeah. Yeah. So I mean, yeah, I mean, yeah, I mean, super excited about what potentially that could that could imply for just you know opening eyes ambitions especially as it relates to consumer consumer hardware i was looking at up on on o3 but

o three kept then kind of giving me some different answers but it might be and to be fair i don't you know kind of know the current state of things inside of i o johnny ives company but it might be one of the largest if not the largest sort of pre-product acquisition of all time so you know i mean six point five million dollars is a lot of money yeah we've been noodling on it's a couple points it's a couple points for a key exact exactly it's two percent of the company which when you think about bringing in an executive at that level, that, like, comp for that team. It's not that crazy to get to that number. And then today in the Wall Street Journal, Sam Aldwin, is quoted saying that if they can nail it and get a major consumer device, that's a trillion dollar opportunity.

And that sounds crazy. But you look at Apple's market cap. You look at, you know, Android Samsung. Like, yeah, there probably is a trillion dollars in market cap. Well, there was also the tinfoil hats saying like, oh, he's trying to dilute the nonprofit. It's like, you know that they are issuing billions of dollars of stock. to employees all the time. That's happening a lot. This is not some like, you know, crazy conspiracy. I do want to get your take on the actual device. We've seen some pre-render, some AI images around

like a pendant with a camera on it, the her model, maybe it's an earpiece. I imagine you get pitched a lot of AI devices. We've seen the rabbit, the humane, the friend. Are there any other ideas that you've seen that could potentially be just AI devices, even not for my Open AI, but just in general, because Apple's got it pretty well covered. They got your ears. They got your eyes with the Vision Pro. They got your phone, the watch, the iPad, the laptop, the desktop. Like, Apple's, there's not a lot of white space in the Apple catalog, but it'll be interesting to see if somebody can come up with something that's new. Have you seen anything that's interesting? Oh, man, I really wish I could tell you about it. But yeah, we actually have a company in stealth.

I can't say much, but there's certainly different, you know, mod out on the show when they're ready. Yeah. I'll be super excited to. But cool. People are being really creative. And then also, I mean, just generally, and I'm sure you're seeing this too, just given like the pace of how much is happening. And then also the competitive nature of these markets, like it's clearly that there's this big prize, maybe bigger than ever before. And so if you got a really good idea, like, and if you don't have trouble raising funding, getting customers or hiring people, like, you know, why I want to talk about it too soon. So, yeah, I'll be excited to share more on that. Yeah, there's also, I feel like people have just been generally willing to fund hardware, but also kind of.

categorically bearish, right? People are just like, oh, like, hardware is really hard. Like, I'm going to make this bet, but like, it's really hard. But then you have, hardware is hard. It used to be about supply chain. It used to be about all the things that can go wrong. But then also look at, look at, look at, working capital. We're at a point where like ORA and Woop are like big businesses that, you know, I don't know. Yeah. Like ultra specifics on either, but I bet that ORA will be a really big company in 10 years. From my perspective, it's almost harder. It's not, it is hard to make the device and manufacture it and deal with the fact that 90% of your revenue comes in Christmas.

But like the real hard part is actually changing consumer behavior and getting someone to take off their Apple Watch or add a whoop band to the other wrist, which is I think the predominant pattern for most whoop users. But what what are you looking for in hardware startups that you're looking at? What are the pitfalls that you want to see founding teams overcome before potentially backing them? Yeah, so I'll say I don't have a massive background in hardware. I mean, I will say I was at scale. You know, it was relatively early there for, you know,

and was an engineer there for four years and then a PM. And we worked with a lot of hardware companies there. So, I mean, the main customer of scale back in the very early days was self-driving car companies and robotics companies. And so I have seen just through to working with them as customers, you know, some potential pitfalls. And I mean, you know, the quip is that hardware is hard. You know, you've got all of the challenges of building a company. And then you've also got to just manage supply chains. And you have to be a lot more careful about, you know, the economics.

You know, software is usually relatively high margin or it's easier to make it high margin. Hardware, obviously much harder when you've got to figure out where all these materials are coming from and ramping up. So even if you have demand, like ramping up in a sort of scalable way. And then also implementation can generally just take a really long time. And it distributes at the speed of the internet. Like you can go viral and get 100 million people on a website in the day. You just can't ship 100 million things anywhere in any reasonable amount of time. It just takes time.

Like maybe one day. But yeah, it's like interesting to remember like Waymo was founded in 2009. Yeah. So like just as that like it took, you know, overnight success. But yeah. You mentioned robotics. I'm interested in the pools of training data that are out there.

We've been joking about scale AI. Are they going to put everyone in motion capture suits of to get to the humanoid data sets. There's also a lot of work being done in in simulated environments. Is there a data wall that we're going to run into with humanoid robotics? How are you thinking about the data challenges in robotics generally, whether that's in the humanoid side or elsewhere? Because it feels like the humanoid narrative is taking hold. People are funding companies. It's getting big. But if it's a 16-year journey like it was with Waymo, we could be in for a long one here. Definitely, definitely. It's been interesting. I mean, like, I do think there are a lot of really good arguments for why we'll see robotics, like, progress accelerate. And that's really, you know, obviously the data is more challenging to get, you know, it's not like you can just scrape the internet like we did with a lot of these LLMs and the data is kind of like there and ready for the taking for at least like some of the early transformer based models. With an asterisk, like as we're now moving into agents, I actually think you have to be more intentional about creating different types of.

data. But then now with robotics too, like, you know, you've got to figure out ways to get real world data, whether that's, you know, internally or using somebody like a scale or, you know, there's a lot of really exciting work going on in world modeling and simulation. So, you know, I think hopefully a combination of being really intentional about the data, both on the sort of like human collection side and then also some of this work that we're seeing in simulation in world models will hopefully mean that, you know, we don't all hit this data wall and we'll be able to sort of scale these systems more effectively. However, I mean, with robotics, it's always a little a little bit challenging to tell what that exact timeline is. Yeah. Interesting. We were talking earlier

about the agenic, the coding market, the AI coding market. I was kind of breaking it down to you and is it three markets? Is it two markets? Is it synchronous work? Asynchronous work? Is there a consumer, prosumer, bottom up enterprise, top down enterprise, sales motion? How are you thinking about just AI coding generally as a market, as the businesses evolve, just give me kind of where you're at and then we can kind of tug on that thread in a bunch of different ways. For sure. My favorite, my favorite topic of conversation. Let's go.

Let's go. Is AI cogent near and dear to my heart. But, yeah, as a disclaimer, so I'm on the board of this company, WinSurf. So, Agentic, IDE, AI Power, Developer Tooling platform. Yeah. Yeah, it's been, it has been just utterly sort of shocking to me. Like, you know, when you invest in a company, you expect, like, okay, you know, hopefully things will go well.

Like, hopefully market will be there. And I just don't think anybody, I don't think anybody really saw this coming just in terms of, like, how widespread tools like Windsurf would become. And so right now, you know, you're certainly seeing, like, there's this sort of segmentation, specialization, you know, you have tools like WinSurf. and cursor that are, you know, prosumer. So you've got people even with basically no coding or definitely no coding experience that are able to get up and running very quickly with these tools and really sort of like

talk to it and it acts like this sort of programmer that will, you know, like respond to what you want to do. Maybe it comes back and it comes back with error, but it can maybe autonomously fix that error once you kind of give it some more guidance. And, you know, it's just been incredible seeing like, you know, even though I talk about windsurf all the time, my father-in-law, who I never mentioned, mentioned it to, not a programmer. Just like once he was on a, we were just talking, all talking.

He's like, you got to go, you're a VC. You got to go check out this company, WinSurf. I'm like using it to like, you know, help me out at work and create apps. And I'm just like, wow, this is incredible. Just how it widespread. He's like, you know, outside of Silicon Valley, all that. So for those types of tools, I mean, you don't have to speak about Winsurf specifically, but just how much of it is just a ton of people on small consumer plans versus bottom up

enterprise adoption that gets rolled into a much larger consumption-based plan or even like a seats-based plan? Like, how is the market for AI tooling and the enterprise evolving in terms of pricing? Because we've seen Salesforce is talking about we want to price things not based on seats, but based on resolutions of customer service tickets. You could imagine charging someone for lines of code that get approved in poll requests or seat-based or usage-based or just pure inference-based. So how is that side of the market just evolving broadly? Yeah, I mean, so what we're seeing is, you know, there's certainly the prosumer segment for these tools, but it very quickly goes up, you know, bottoms up into the enterprise.

And in particular, with windsurf, I mean, from day one, we've been quite focused on the enterprise segment. And so it's, you know, we're both have a large enterprise sales team and then these tailwinds from now all these prosumers and then, you know, sort of like professional developers that pick it up on their own and bring it in into their company. I think pricing, it's always interesting is something that we constantly think about. It's a very competitive market. So, I mean, you know, you also have to pay attention to what other people are doing. I mean, per seat, easy to understand. But then, you know, obviously a lot of these models cost money to run. And so you've got to

figure out some sort of either credits or usage system. I don't think, you know, encoding where you to the point where it's, you know, let's price based on outcome. Like, oh, well, if we get this done, then, then you pay. Um, like maybe, you know, I've seen sometimes in like customer support and things like that. Um, but yeah, certainly having like a usage element, I think is pretty, pretty, yeah, what's your reaction when an entrepreneur pitches you and they're like, well, we're, we're building agents to go after this labor, this like end labor market and, and the, the, the tam is, you know, a trillion dollars because they're just adding up, like, like global payroll for like that type of work like what's your reaction to that is that the wrong

way to think about market sizing if ultimately these are software products that can be delivered very inexpensively which will ultimately create competition and drive maybe pricing down for that end service yeah I mean definitely definitely some good points I mean generally generally I'm pretty optimistic I think now just like kind of living through the cogen market where, you know, just to use this as an anecdote, you know, GitHub co-pilot came out. My first kind of pessimistic reaction was just like, oh, well, this is like so useful already. And GitHub's got all these advantages. Okay, this is like market's done.

And they will be like, okay, every developer uses it. And then it's kind of over. And it just, the opposite of this happened. Like, it turned out that there is a lot of white space in the market for teams to innovate and to create really great product experiences, whether it's a startup, whether it's a foundation model company. And then also just like, I think the market blew my mind. What was the secret?

What was the secret to either the challengers to GitHub copilot? I haven't really used them. Is it more driven by flexibility around which model you're plugging into and GitHub copilot kind of locking you into their model and not moving quickly enough? Or is it something more on the user experience side? So I forgot the exact date. GitHub Copilot started, I think, Open AI only, given the sort of relationship. but it relatively quickly moved to an option.

So you can put in Claude 3.7 sonnet, which everyone loves. Yes. And I think actually recently, you know, I think I was reading this is this morning, but, you know, GitHub announced like, okay, for these particular features, we're going to go with Anthropic only, like particular back-in features. So it's clear like, you know, their GitHub is not locked into one model provider. I think, you know, what cursor, windsurf and others have done

is just create, you know, different product experience. is. And obviously, get up about it's still doing very well. But I think what this is all has told me and kind of back to your original question was these, these markets are actually much bigger than we give them credit for. And so when I'm kind of sort of being pitched, maybe a ridiculous Tam, sure, it's probably good to like verify that and really drill in on that. But I mean, we are in the world where now software can do work. And so you do have to kind of, you know, you don't just get the sort of Tam being, okay, it's the, you know, incumbent software spend. I think you have to also realize once the product gets that much better, people will want to

buy more software and then also think about it as a work replacement. So you kind of get all these kind of bonus markets that, you know, TV, you know, end up being just like this huge thing. How do you, how do you process the tension between model providers kind of figuring out if they're wanting to end the own consumer or be a platform? I mean, the most obvious example was WinSurf didn't get immediate access to Anthropics new models, which seems, you know, I'm sure you can't comment on that specifically or maybe you want to come in with it, put him in the hot seat. But yeah, it just feels like it feels like it feels like a very real tension that's going to have to get resolved quickly because these are all big companies now, or at least the main

players are big companies. there's billions of dollars of revenue on the line and everybody's in a, you know, constant race to be at the edge. You're right. I probably shouldn't say too much. I mean, what I will say, yeah, it's something that I think is going to have to be, you know, addressed in the next year or two. And I think it's just very clear that cogent in particular is this market that everybody kind of wants to get into. You know, I do ultimately think that, you know, I'd be shocked if in a year or two, we don't see co-gen products that are both, you know, synchronous. So like assistant, you know, I can talk to it. And from the same interface, I can delegate task. I just think that that is something that a lot of people are building towards.

It's like there isn't a great experience today that kind of has both. At least, you know, sort of a generalized both. But I mean, ultimately, like all these companies are, I think. think going to in the sort of even medium term come up against each other. And ultimately what you want is sort of this distribution. And I think, you know, all these companies too are realizing you also want the model. And you want to be able to, you know, give yourself really favorable, favorable economics. So yeah, it's going to be a super exciting even, you know, probably, probably six to 12 months. I imagine. So legal, the sort of legal AI space has been heating up.

kind of a interesting comp. In many ways, it felt like cursor had like a ton of mind share and then windsurf just kind of exploded. People realized how quickly it was growing. At least that was my perception. And then Harvey similarly has been more in the sort of cursor bucket and that like tons of attention, bunch of rounds back to back. And then Lagora feels like it came out of nowhere and they raised a big series B this week.

is there are you do you have a kind of prediction or a take on what the next category to see these sort of battles play out i'm sure you guys already have some bets and whatever category that is she's already on the board of four companies that are going to dominate it the next four categories actually i've jumped to the board meeting exactly what you just said yeah yeah um you know i'm very lucky in that you know i think i mean even before i joined so i've only been at klynir klyrkine's for two years and even before that a lot of my partners may made really great app investments. So, for example, my partner of a moon incubated glean, which is now, you know, kind of the

enterprise knowledge discovery platform in this kind of new, new AI era. So certainly, like, we've got a lot of apps in the portfolio. I mean, Harvey, we, you know, did their Series B, Ambience, which is a medical scribe, also in the news recently. We did their seat in Series B. So, and then, you know, we have some investments in sort of sales AI as well. I work with this company, Nooks, which has started with a power dialer that people really like and is now expanding into other parts of assisting salespeople with AI. I'd say like those, you know, those categories plus maybe add customer support, which we don't yet have kind of a generalized play in.

Those are kind of like the battleground spaces. These are where it's going down right now. Like it's clear the models work for the use cases. It's clear there's a giant prize at the end. So you've got, you know, inevitably a lot of companies competing for it. in general, especially with software, you know, I think it's basically impossible to be the only company in your gallery. Can you fund a company that will just pick up the phone when I get like a robo AI call that's like trying to do some social engineering hack or whatever and just pick up the phone and waste their time really inexpensively? That's, I feel like that's what I need.

There's definitely some cybersecurity companies out there. Yeah. I think I've actually been pitched a little moment. I would have to find the name. But yeah. What do you think about competition from the hyperscalers? obviously Microsoft Build and Google I.O. happened this week. And there's one narrative that's like, oh, so many startups are now just bullet points in a Google I.O. keynote. But Ben Thompson wrote

shortly after Google I.O. that Google only cares about search and they only win when it's directly impactful to search. And so you might as a startup not need to worry if you're doing something that's more in the labs or experimentation phase for Google. And Google is more more just almost doing it as a demo of their of their platform and then they really would be fine with another company just buying a bunch of TPUs on GCP and and and building a real company on top of their innovation. But how are you thinking about startups competing in these new AI markets with the legacy incumbents? It's a it's a really good good question and it's something that I think about a lot. And like obviously you know somebody like Google has giant advantages

distribution, money. I mean, Google literally created the, you know, first Transformers paper. So, I mean, certainly, certainly it's something that whenever you're investing in an app company in particular, you need to, I think at least think very deeply about what's, what's the roadmap of all these companies, Open AI, Anthropic, et cetera. I mean, certainly, certainly seems like sort of areas in search and sort of like social and and prosumer that, you know, seem like kind of the most under the microscope with these big companies, but it wouldn't shock me if they tried to compete in some of the other

app categories we talked about too. So in general, though, startups, I like to bet on startups. Of course. Focus is important. And then, you know, I think if you move fast, if you're very strategic, there are a lot of good sort of like wedges you can sort of start with and then and then it's from there. What about M&A markets in particular? I mean, my reaction to the windsurf acquisition was, and it's going to be kind of hard

for you answer this, but was basically that like, whoa, like maybe that whole meme of like, oh, don't build a chat GPT wrapper or whatever, maybe that was overblown. Maybe that there's going to be a lot of app layer companies that gets scooped up. Obviously, Open AI is moving very quickly, so they're kind of early to this, but you could imagine every hyperscaler needing application layer AI companies to slot in, especially if they've had distribution and they've actually scaled revenues and they have a really great team. And it feels like unlike in the previous era, like 2010-ish, like the hyperscalers are more sclerotic than ever. It's been 15 extra years.

They're less founder mode. And so I don't know what your read is on the M&A markets broadly, but how are you thinking about the hypers' approach to staying on the leading edge of these AI application layer companies? Yeah. I mean, I think it's important to remember and I have to remind myself that Chad GBT is less than three years old, I think. So it's like, this is happening so fast. And so when you think about like I'm a hyperscaler and I see a market that makes sense for me strategically, you know, is it really faster for me to go and try to build it internally? Or is it faster for me to find a really great startup perhaps with expertise that I don't have? and maybe, you know, some other advantage, whether it's the product or the distribution or

something else. And then, you know, explore, explore partnership conversations with them. And so, I mean, you know, the one, one, you know, acquisition I can talk about is a company that I worked with at Founders Fund and still on the board of Neon is partnering with data. Cool. And it makes sense because it's like, you know, you've got this team of database infrastructure experts and then you've got this company who clearly wants, you know, their customers to be able to realize the full potential of AI agents. And so you do need, you know, a database and memory

for those agents. And so, you know, it's certainly now, you know, now I'm trying to think in my mind like, oh, well, what are the other categories that that hyper scalers might, might be looking in and what makes the most sense for each one? I mean, the big one to me that I'm trying to figure out is just video generation, which we had I wouldn't call it a Ghibli moment this week, but V-O-3 was close. It just takes a lot more work, and it's harder to get a consistent quality output. And there isn't a single meme where everyone, like the Ghibli thing was like, just take your profile picture, take your whatever's in your camera roll,

two words, boom, one-shots, and you have something cool. With V-O-3, you have to be more creative at the prompt. Well, yeah, the interesting thing there is I can, it's so easy to imagine in the future where consumers are using video genesis, tools daily just for fun. Oh, totally. Yeah, there's some like consumers just like making memes on the internet. Then there's like kind of prosumer, S&B.

I'm going to make like an advertisement. Yep. And then there's the like Hollywood studio that's like, I'm going to make a movie or independent filmmaker. But where companies kind of fit into that, I can see a world in which hyperscalers are kind of dominating like meta, for example, figures out a way to get really good at at video generation because it fits into the meta ecosystem or YouTube, you know, with V-O-3.

And I think that from my point of view, I can see some of these more independent foundation labs that are focused on video having to really move up market to actually dominate because that feels like an area that like Google is not going to necessarily build the thing that creates the next blockbuster video. Yeah. But if you're competing for the pro sumer S&B, like, feels like a really tough place to compete purely from a cost standpoint and with YouTube or Google's sort of YouTube data advantage. Yeah. Yeah.

I don't know. Any reactions of V-O-3 this week? Oh, I mean, super cool. And we were playing around with it. My husband's a founder, and he was, like, trying to make this new video for something that they're developing internally. And, oh, my God, just insane. So it's, yeah, really cool. And, I mean, I kind of agree with some of the points that have been made.

But then on the flip side, I will say, like, especially in video, there's so many really great models and they excel at a variety of different things. And so if you're like kind of a third, you know, a startup that is not connected to, I mean, Google obviously is developing their own models. So if you're not connected to any one of the particular models and you can offer like kind of a best in class, like, okay, you can pick from, you know, many of them. Maybe that's an opportunity or if you're in sort of like very very specialized. So yeah, I mean, generally still still optimistic just kind of given at this point, there's. not, in my opinion, a ton of platform risk. You've got so many of the hyperscalers and labs, like they're both closed and open source offering these types of models. Yeah, very cool. Well, thank you so much for stopping by. We'd love to have you back.

This is fantastic. Yeah, this is great. Thanks. Thanks. Good. All right. See All right. See you. She has been on an absolute terror. Fairly got to neon. Another $1 billion acquisition for... But really quickly, let me tell you about Figma. Think bigger, build faster. Figma. helps design and development teams build great products together. Get started for free at figma.com. It is the backbone. Explore your ideas freely and iterate quickly. Let's also tell you about Vanta, automate compliance, manage risk, prove trust continuously. Vantas trust management platform takes the manual work out of your security and compliance process and replaces it with continuous automation,

whether you're pursuing your first framework or managing a complex program. Go to Vanta.com to get started. Thank you to Vanta. Thank you to Vanta. Anyway, we have our next guest coming in. Steven from Lambda Labs. We've had Lambda school on. We're waiting for Stephen. Should we hit some timeline?

Yeah, let's hit some timeline. What's, did you see, Yohei, Pocket is shutting down. And so this, we need a sound, we need a soundboard that says, Moment of silence.

Yeah, vibe coded a quick, free open source prototype with some AI features called Keepyard. It still has issues, but I challenged myself to push this in one night. I thought this was very cool. I've been joking about we need someone to vibe code a new Google Reader since that was such a popular product. It should just be out there. And it's already starting to happen with replacements for Pocket.

And it seems like Stevens in the studio. So let's bring him in and talk about Lambda. How are you doing? Welcome to the stream. Hi, guys. How are you? Welcome. Great to have you.

It's good to see you. Looking fantastic, by the way. you for wearing a suit. You know, naturally, I guess, went in Rome. But that said, this is how, you know, everyone in Silicon Valley should dress. I agree. I agree. Are you in Silicon Valley right now?

Can you give us a little... Oh, drinking a monster. Introduction. Let's go. So on brand. It's amazing. So I'm actually in my hometown of Charlotte, Vermont. It's where I grew up.

And it's where I live. And I just just got back from landed this morning from that stuff. How would you describe the business these days? I know that you've got to talk about the AI scene in Vermont. Oh, yeah. Picking up? You know, yeah, I'd say that there's there's there's there's like one or two, one or two companies. There's a lot of, I'd say, independent minded founders out here.

But generally speaking, I'd say it's more of a farming. Farming. Yeah, my little brother who's not in tech went to college in Vermont and just stayed. I've tried to get him to come back forever. He's committed, committed to the great state of Vermont. Let's introduce him to Masayoshi Sown and maybe he gets started with, you know, building an AI company out there. It could happen. It could happen.

It's not off the table. So yeah, brief introduction. How would you introduce the company? how are you describing the different offerings and kind of challenges right now? Yeah, so Lambda is an AI cloud. It's a essentially really massive GPU cluster that all kinds of startups and hypers use. And we've both sort of taken,

invested a ton of where it basically around a billion dollars worth of GPUs that we've deployed and we've invested you know at this point probably around 100 million dollars into the virtualization software that allows us to essentially take that massive cluster of GPU so you can imagine taking a cluster let's say 16,000 GPUs and you can sort of dynamically partition it and hand out little slices to people, you know, on as little as a 15-minute basis. And it's quite different from, let's say, a bare metal cloud where you need to sign a three-or contract. We've basically implemented all this virtualization software that lets you hotel on and off of it, while still, you know, maintaining high-speed, infinit-ban interconnect. You did the meme.

Another billion dollars for Jensen. $100,000 for Jensen. Is it actually primarily Nvidia chips or are there other GPU providers that are competitive at this point? I've been following George Hatz's journey with AMD. Is anything competitive with Nvidia right now from your perspective? I don't think that there's anything that's competitive with Nvidia right now. Yeah. What you just see in the customer demand is in, you know, total.

and utter Nvidia supremacy. Yeah. And I think that this is going to continue on for some time. The test I always like to say is you've got to get a customer. They've got to be able to download kind of any arbitrary model off of hugging face, run that model, train the model, fine tune the model. And then they have to buy from you and then buy again. Right.

So that's that's the test, I think, for any chip man. manufacturer. And it's really hard to get a stable software stack. Do you like the term neocloud? Is that appropriate? You know, I think it's, I think it's fine. I don't, I don't really have any opinion on it. We kind of look ourselves as, we've always described Lambda as what would the

cloud look like if it was reinvented from the ground up for AI? you know, training and inferencing large language models, training and inferencing large-scale neural networks. Yeah. And I think the neocloud's an appropriate description for that concept. What is the balance between training and inference right now and how has that evolved over the last couple years? Yeah. So, you know, we're, we're. For the overall business, we're just a bit over $500 million of top line revenue.

And I'd say that essentially, thank you, thank you. Essentially, historically, that's been majority training and then sort of minority interest, you know, maybe 80, 20 for, you know, training. to inference. And now we've started to see that kind of switch over. I would generally say that when I see any sort of net new deal in the space for large-scale GPU capacity, it tends to be more inference driven these days. It's great.

We're actually using the models. It's not just training every bigger models with no, with no. I mean, we saw that at Google Ios, Sundar Pichai, pulled up the chart of tokens, generated and it's just completely up until the right. It's completely up to the right. I mean, training is always going to be something where you do it once. And the whole point of training is that you want to amortize that over as many tokens as possible, right? Because that's your fixed cost that you're, you're wanting to spread across as many generations as possible.

And so that's the point. The point of training is inference. Yeah. We're there. I always kind of look at this as like a, I always like to sort AI companies by revenue and just go, okay, well, who's at the top? Probably like Open AI today, you know, 4 billion, 5 billion. It's a little bit hard to, you know, to clock it to exactly guess. But then, you know, next one down, you kind of look,

Anthropic, 800 million last published, mostly developer API. But probably fast growing, I would imagine they're probably in the billions now because Sonnet 3-7 was really good for code generation. Google doesn't seem to be charging from what I can tell. But charge me $250 a month now just to make little video clips. So they're getting my money. What are they charging for $2.50? So I am now on the Gemini Ultra Plan.

Okay. And I have 2.5 Pro preview. And then I also have access to V-O-3, but it's very limited. They can only generate two or three video clips per day. It's heavily throttled. But it's a $250 a month plan right now, and it's going to jump up to $500 a month in a few months. So I imagine that across Gemini Pro subscriptions,

they're probably going to grow that pretty quickly just because I'm seeing the number of five-star reviews. Zero to billion dollars in a couple of weeks. Absolutely. And so when you kind of do that breakdown, what do we see in terms of like total top line revenue? That's all inference, right? I mean, you know, all of that is inference demand,

whether it's image or chat, GPT or video generation. then you know mid journey is probably you know in hundreds of millions of dollars uh revenue run rate and so uh there's some substantial businesses that are being built uh right now yeah what are some kind of narrative what what are some narrative violations things that you feel like the broader ecosystem is getting wrong right now given you guys have unique insight into actual usage and activity. Yeah. Okay, so

the first one is just obviously, I think if you look back, there was that Sequoia think boy piece that was published on like, where's the Jeep, you know, where's the AI revenue?

What's, you know, sure, sure. They sort of did that. There was a lot wrong with that analysis. So I don't need to go into that. But I'd say like the general general pessimism of like, oh, it's a bubble, it's a bubble. It's a bubble. I just remember, you know, I started Lambda in 2012. 2013 was the year that like Mark Zuckerberg went to

Nurek and hired, hired Jan Le Kuhn to start Facebook AI research at the time. And I just remember everybody in the field kind of at the time looking around, oh, is it a bubble? You know, Google's just bought Deep Mind and, you know, Facebook's buying Jan LeCun. So it must be a because Mark Zuckerberg just came to Nureps. But I think that in general, everybody underestimates how just what exponential growth looks like from, you know, it always looks the same in the same, you know, wherever you are, it always looks, looks essentially the same. And how good the code generation has gotten over the last 90 days. If you were to flip back before January, you know, state of the art for code generation was 4.0. And then 0.01 hadn't even, I think, been exactly released yet.

With 01, 04, Claude Sonnet 3537, all this stuff, the code generation is getting so good that we, I think I can say here, which is in a couple of years, you're just going to have a function that goes from cash into software. And that is going to completely change the way that businesses operate because, you know, you're going to spin up 500 different versions of the piece of software that you're searching for. You're going to be able to do this sort of like high throughput search through software space. It's going to spit out a bunch of things. It's going to have like a maybe a tastemaker model that just rates it based off, you know, the computer use compiled version of that software.

It's, well, these are, all the source code bases for all 500 pieces of software. These are the top five. I'd recommend you launch this one. Go for it. And I think that's going to really change the way that the world operates in technology. So should you learn to code if you're a teenager? Yeah, absolutely.

I think that you still need to learn how to code. I don't see. I think it's really hard to, in the intermediate period, you're still going to need to learn how to code. Sure. I think that you're just going to see just much higher leverage teams in the world. You might always need to think like a programmer, and so learning to code is part of that process.

That makes sense. What about the evolution of chips and semis? Before we dive into that, I feel like there's this general thesis that sort of, we've talked about this on the show, this idea of like, we call it like, Giro Dreams of Sushi Software, right? This like really craft. More art than science.

More, yeah, art and science, like super intentionally built software that that is just, you know, super, super thoughtful. And you can see this in companies that like maybe go after a category like CRM, where it's like, okay, Salesforce dominates CRM, but they come in and they build this sort of really beautiful, really thoughtful experience. and typically if the teams are good enough, they'll end up doing well. I think there's this sense that like that class of software is like safe from completely AI generated software.

But in the scenario you laid out where you generate 500 different variations of a potential tool that you'd use and it sort of automatically ranks it based on some taste driven benchmark. Is it possible that that. class of software is at extreme risk to disruption as well? Yeah, certainly I think anything that's just software is at extreme risk. You know, you look at a business like Salesforce, right? It's almost as if I mean, how important is the software? How important is the brand? How important is the distribution model?

And I think that when you look, the bigger the company gets, the more important the latter become, you know, the distribution model, the, the brand. the brand of the company, how deeply embedded it is inside of the day-to-day life of the customer that's using it. And it's sort of like, well, what is the value of sales force? Is it the software?

No, not at all. The value of Salesforce is the fact that every single company in the world, the first thing they do when they hire a VP of sales is like make sure they have a Salesforce implementation. And then it sticks with the company until they're an S&P 500 component.

And then all of the company's data is in Salesforce. Right. Does that have anything to do with the software that Salesforce has written? Is that the moat? Does the moat have anything to do with the replacement cost of developing the software? Crowd app. Yeah. No.

Right. So it's kind of interesting because like stuff like software will be solved, but then stuff like, how do you build moat and how do you build a business won't be solved. So it's sort of like maybe just, you know, this is we're in the world for just, uh, the business co-founder dominates. the era of the ideas guy the era of the ideas guy is upon us yeah that's amazing yeah that'll be really exciting okay i i want to talk more specifically about the the path to this future of like turning money into software and creating value that way um what is more important just bigger

training runs, knocking down higher MMLU numbers, benchmarks, higher IQ points versus distilling models, faster inference, cheaper inference, baking some of these models down into silicon, what we're seeing with etched and putting the transformer architecture on a chip. They seem like two different vectors. Every time a new model comes out, my reaction is always like, well, this is good enough. I just want it to be faster. And so mid-jurban. Journey v6 or whatever. I'm usually just like, yeah, I just love this to be instantaneous. As soon as I type the words, it's just generating in milliseconds.

At the same time, the labs seem to be iterating towards bigger and better models. And they have a mentality of like jobs not finished. But what's your take on the tradeoffs there? Well, what we're seen with the advent of reasoning models, as well as like the models that basically will do reasoning. and then sort of like retrain the model to not do any reasoning but sort of baking in the reasoning is that this the amount of compute that you you know the the the performance improves as a function of how much runtime compute you do yeah and so if you can make a faster model and you can

reason faster about it you could you can make an argument that that that actually might perform might perform better in some circumstances. I think that we're going to see all dimensions of that space explored by a variety of companies. You know, there will be people out there at the edge building the biggest frontier models. There will be people quantizing and distilling those bottles down to something that runs locally on your phone. That was actually kind of one of the things I did before this iteration of where Lambda is. It was sort of trained ComNets that ran locally on the iPhone. And this was like 2013.

And it, you kind of see the same thing. There's use cases for that. It's super useful. You can have privacy preserving image recognition on your phone. But it's not going to be the same quality as like something that goes back to a data center. I think actually there's one narrative violation just going back to, you know, you said this like world of software generation. a lot of people are kind of stuck in this like okay AI is is generating software and I've got this entire I think thesis on where the future where we're going you won't need any software at all and that the neural network is going to completely replace all of the software and so let me walk you through this the idea is that instead of generating a program let's say a calculator and Excel spreadsheet just go to chat GPP and say, hi, please behave like a program.

Please behave like this calculator, behave like this spreadsheet. Generate an ask a user interface for me. And I want you to essentially just respond, you know, implement the logic of that program in your mind. And that is what I call neural software. And it's really squish. You know, normal software is really brittle, right? If you make a typo, you leave a keyword.

out, you miss a semicolon, it's not going to compile. This type of neural software, it's not really possible to have a bug. It's really more just that you have a misunderstanding or you've misprompted it or something. And I think that that's where all this is going. It's not code generation, but it's going to be your large language models are going to, you know, sort of take over more and more of program space. and you will be largely interacting with these sort of transformer models or next, you know, token, you know, prediction models generally, and they will be the software that you interact with.

What about diffusion models? We saw Google bring diffusion to text models. Yeah. I was seeing something like 900 tokens per second. Yeah. They generated. I saw a demo where someone generated a full calendar application, all the code for the calendar application in three seconds.

It was 3,000 tokens or something like that. That feels like an algorithm from image generation that now we're seeing in the text world. Simultaneously, we're seeing images in chat GPT, maybe do something more transformer or token-based. And so these lines are blurring. Can you give us any insight into what's happening there? is that exciting or is this kind of just in the experimental phase? Well, I mean, this is like

if it's, whether it's exciting or not is going to kind of answer the question you had earlier, which is how successful are baked in transformer ASICs going to be. Right? Because sort of like as the space, the underlying space changes. Yep. Then every one of those sort of basics now becomes a lot less valuable. And you kind of have to go back to the more general tensor processing that you see inside of tensor cores and you see inside of the architecture of like things like TPUs. Yeah. And away from, you know, really specific things that have to do with like the KV cache and different transformer specific architectural things you might want to put into an ASIC. And so I think that it's interesting to see you've got diffusion models.

You've got things like Mamba and where there's alternatives to the transformer that have what's called basically linear complexity in terms of the amount of memory that you need for the context length growing, which is better than the quadratic complexity you see in. inside of normal transformer models. And I think there's going to continue to be a lot of innovation in the model architecture space. And that will probably benefit in video a lot. Got it. Are there any other side projects in semiconductors that are exciting to you? Huge wafer scale computing like Cerebrus.

We talked a little bit about baking things down onto A6. We saw that path play out with Bitcoin, with the FPGAs, and then the ASIC kind of Bitcoin mining. There's other approaches, and I'm sure NVIDE is not asleep at the wheel. Jensen Long's in founder mode. He's aware of the boom. He's aware of the demand. I'm sure people are asking him, how can we run diffusion models faster? How can we run transformer models faster?

What are you expecting on the semiconductor side over the next few years? Well, it's pretty clear that I'd say the first. front runners for competing with Nvidia, which are all very far behind Nvidia, but the ones that are sort of I think the farthest along is probably, I would say today is Google and to some extent Amazon

with Traneum and Inferential. Yeah. That space is always evolving fast, but I think it's kind of a little bit telling that AMD hasn't, with all the resources, with all the resources, with all the sort of clarity on what you're supposed to build for the market, hasn't been able to kind of capture enough market share. Dylan Patel is going to turn it around. He's going to write just one more report and AMD is going to be back.

I'm bullish. It's all it takes. I love it. But in terms of, can you give us a little perspective on obviously if I'm doing a ton of inference on Lambda, probably in the Kuda ecosystem, probably in Nvidia land. If I want to take that over to Amazon or Google with TPUs, how much of a barrier really is that? Can you kind of explain? Because at the same time, we have these incredible code generation models. It feels like putting an AI agent on re-referenced.

write this kuda for tp u that seems like the easiest thing to do it seems like a problem perfectly tailor made for AI agents to just sit there and write boring translation code it's not even it's not even feature design right wasn't that in the tl where this was making a joke about the uh the anthropic safety uh snitching on the user and someone said uh port this uh pie torch code over to jacks And then it says, you know, searching calling FBI. Calling FBI, do not do this. You're going to pull the rug on the entire economy. Preserving the underlying chips that it's running on to make sure.

It's so important to America. So I think that, I think that, okay, the stuff that this code generation is really good at today is still sort of what I would call within the realm of what, you know, one-shotting a basic program, one-shotting sort of a one-page program where it could be much longer than one page, but it's sort of like single file. Yeah, or a function or a class, something like that, not necessarily. Maybe I'm just behind on it a little bit and I'm not, you know, doing what the kids are doing or something with sort of an AI-I-D-E, but I just kind of like when I'm when I'm

vibe-coding, I will just tell either chat GPT, or Gemini or Claude, I'll go, do this in one page. Like, have it be a one thing. I want to copy and paste this into my thing and run it. And it's quite good at that. Now, when you talk about like going through an entire code base, fixing the compilation errors because there will be like subtle bogs that get introduced, it's not quite there yet. Yeah.

It's just the problem is that I now am at like 100% confidence. that it is going to be there in just a couple of years. And that that's kind of why I know that every sort of megawatt that that we build and every GPU that we deploy is just going to get met with demand on the other side because just two years out, like if you just look two years ago, 2023 code generation is primitive. Yeah. Primitive.

It didn't work. Now today it really works for more. simple programs, I think two years or now, it's just going to make you feel sick when you look at it. So what are the big bottlenecks you foresee between like energy, water, land, are you going to be building the data center in space? What do you think in the future looks like for you? So I think that the bottleneck is definitely what I call like wrapped power. So I think there's plenty of generated power. Right now, it's just not wrapped up in a data center shell.

It's not in a powered shell. It's not in a facility that has directed chip liquid cooling integrated into it. And so it's sort of like that wrapped up power that's like ready for the current generation and next generation of chips. I think that there's definitely some like regulatory bottlenecks or I would just say regulatory hurdles that can be removed. And I think there's a lot of hope that this administration is going to start to remove those. That's like whether it's like looking at sort of the way that we run utilities, where you kind of have to in some cases become an unregulated utility and put like, let's say, you know, build a data center power plant, which is to say behind the grid or not attached to the

grid power generation station next to a data center. And not every state's going to to allow that and I think that there's there's probably a lot to do in the regulatory side to unleash the free market and let people build and so I think that I think there's some hope there and the the other thing is just really I think building large contiguous spaces is like it is pretty clearly the answer in my opinion well good luck with that I'm glad I don't have to deal with it It's a lot of logistics. It sounds like a lot of work. But you've been doing it for 14, 13 years.

Yeah, classic overnight success. I'm sure you got another decade in you at least. So good luck to you. Yeah, we'd love to you back on. This is a fantastic conversation. Thanks, guys. It's so many fun.

Love what you do. Long time fan. I didn't clock you as a monster guy, too. We've got to go deeper on energy drinks next time. Yeah, there's so much to talk about. Lots to talk about. But this is fantastic. Thank you so much for coming on.

Take care. Are you chatting? Be yours. Quickly. let me tell you about numeral sales tax on autopilot spend less than five minutes per month on sales tax compliance should we sing sales tax a g i sales tax a g i uh go get go get numeral head over to numeral hq how do you sleep last night john um oh terrible i woke up at 4 a m it was a disaster i'm come i know i'm going to get cooked but you don't have to be cooked

because you can go to eight sleep dot com use kvpn i got a 76 it was brutal 99. I can't get to... 99. I'm back to back 99s. I don't know what I'm doing wrong. And then also we got to tell the folks about public.com investing for those who take it seriously. They got multi-asset investing, industry leading yields. They're trusted by... Let's give it up for multi-asset investing. Yep. And in their partnership with Aston Martin, which we might have more information on soon. But stay tuned.

I cannot wait. We got Sam Lesson coming in the Temple of Technology very quickly. Do you want to do some timeline while we wait for him? Is he here? You know I love timeline, John. Dwarkesh Patel dropped out banger on Claude 4 day. He sat down with Trenton Brickin and Cholto Douglas talking about Claude 4, how far reinforcement learning can scale. I haven't had a chance to listen to the whole thing.

I listened to about half of it kind of in and out while I was trying to sleep last night. But just a very cool vibe of like three people having a conversation right on the day when you want to know stuff talking all about this fascinating metaphor for for AI safety because it's just been controversial. Of course, there's like some drama around some random anthropic news. But the cool thing that I liked was they said basically if you want to tell the AGI what to do and how to behave in the best interest of humanity, you could give it specific rules. But it might actually be better to say, imagine there's an envelope, AGI. And in that envelope is what I want you to do, all the rules I want you to follow.

You can't access this envelope, but you have to behave in accordance to what you imagine to be in this envelope. And so the agent is just like, I have to behave in the interest of humanity. It was a cool, like, thought experiment almost. Interesting. But it was very cool. Anyway, Patrick O'Shaughness, he was shutting it out. He says one of his favorite genres of podcasts is recurrent expert guests on the same show.

If you're interested in the nitty-gritty of AI model progression, you'll enjoy this. So go check that show out this weekend. It's a great lesson. And we have Sam Lesson from Slow Ventures in the studio. Welcome to the studio. Gentlemen. There he is. It's Jessica Lesson's husband.

Put it on the camera. In the flesh. I saw her like literally minutes ago. No way. Tell her to come by at least and say hi if she's not busy. Yeah. She's busy this moment. Well, we got 30 minutes.

We got the crossover of the century. TBPN, the information. It dropped today. It was great. I love that. Yeah, I actually, I knew about the development of that story from dinner conversation. Oh, yeah. It was a lot of fun.

Oh, I bet. I bet. Abe is a man. Yeah. There you go. It was fun hanging out with him. Kind of the Seymor. You guys are the cover of the weekend section.

Is that right? We are. The big read. Are you guys going to do a print edition for us? That's coveted space. I always thought that they should actually do a print edition. I think it's time. Everything goes in a cycle.

I got the Wall Street Journal here. I know. I know. A once weekly Saturday dropped off on the doorsteps of every home. 100%. I would hire the kids to like deliver it with the, you know, throwing it out the window. Look, I was in an airport lounge in Germany two days ago. And they had all the print newspapers.

And I'm like, look, there's a missing opportunity here. The Germans want to read about the information. They want to read about technology brothers. Yeah. Let's get it to him. You guys are big in Germany, I'm sure. Well, somebody started translating our streams into Dutch, which is interesting. They're doing other things.

That doesn't seem like the first choice. Like, don't you want like Mandarin or something? I think that's just to be like your number one. We're trying to get big on Waybo. Yeah. That's next. Yeah. But we're expecting to have some pushback.

Some pushback. Anyways, it's great to have you on, as always. Congrats on your success. You guys are everywhere. This isn't the new studio yet, though. Well, you're a part of it. You're a part of that success. You have to come down next.

time you're in L.A. Come by in person. Be great. Yeah. Tuesday will be the first show. It's a lot closer than Anglewood, Cliff's New Jersey, you know. Yeah. Yeah. What's there? Is that the new Netflix?

The NBC. Oh. You can't make this whole CNBC rival thing and not know where CNBC is. Everyone always says, like, yeah, Andrew Reed was like, oh, they're making squack box for tech. And I was like, got to start watching squawk boxing. Netflix. I guess we're inspired about these things. Netflix has a new billion dollar New Jersey studio.

Maybe we're taking the fight to New Jersey in the future. We'll see. L.A. is fine. Where were you traveling this week? I went, I've had an insane travel schedule, but I was Monday. I went, I was New York, Frankfurt, New York, San Francisco was my week. What's going on in Germany? Germany was a personal thing.

I'd take care of, but New York was the Solana Acceleration. What is it? The salon, big Solana conference, which they call, which is ship or die. Very dramatic. Nice. Nice. You're infamous there, right? The GM guy.

Do you still get comments on that? You know, I saw Raj backstage. I was one of Solana's first investors. I like, my Jason Calcanus, I was the first investor in Uber, was like, I like do that for Solana, right? And so, you know, I've done those guys for a long time. And I saw Raj backstage. We were reminiscing when I did the GM thing, which.

became one of the first meme coins and blew up. And got, if you remember, it got Raj banned. No, I know. I know, that was crazy. It was such a funny. So he and I were joking about that. Yeah, this was like Twitter still, right? So it was like, somebody at Twitter was like, didn't get the joke, obviously didn't have

context that like you guys are boys and just hit the band button. The thing is I unfortunately have other people on Twitter legitimately threatened to kill me, which that's not so good. You got to get that taken down. but the Raj was a pretty funny one for them to respond so quickly to. Yeah, yeah, quick reaction. There's so much, so much to cover.

It's AI week. It's AI week. It's AI week. It's AI week. No, but this week was particularly AI week. Because we got Microsoft Bive, Google I.O, Open AIO, Anthropic, a big, are you taking a victory lap on the idea that this is a sustaining innovation

that Google's going to win? You guys actually, I'll tell you a funny, I'm funny enter that. You guys know my associate, Jack Raines. You know this guy? Yeah. Jack sitting. He's right over there. Jack, he can come wave for a second. Hey, Jack, come say hi. Jack sends me this long missive this week about how amazing Google is and how Google is going to win the AI war. Well, it's up to you. And I'm like, what value are you adding? I've been saying this for two years. I'm like, thank you. I'm like, I want to check out all the little Google. I was like, I was like, Jack, I was like, Jack, you know, you're an associate at an early stage venture capital fund.

Telling us to buy Google stock is not exactly. Hey, you guys, I want to see slow as the next crossover. Yeah, crossover. Become an RIA. Put 30% of the fun. We've actually looked into it. Definitely not a thing we'll ever do. No, I mean, my favorite comparison, I forget who posted it, but they were like, do you want, you know, Google at, you know, 17 times earnings or Costco at 50 times earnings, like at this moment?

AI inflection point. Look, here's the negative on I.O. The negative I.O. The negative I.O. is that, per usual, Google's actually terrible at marketing. Right. And so they just launch everything. And so you're like, I have no idea even where to focus right now. Right?

Like, it's not... My value comes in figuring out. Thanks, yeah. Focus on generative AI videos. Anyway, that's the thing. It's like so many things. You're like, I don't know. The net of it is, like, they're just crushing it, right?

from a tech perspective. And I got to say, I'll tell you a funny story. I spent like 20 hours, quote unquote, vibe coding over the last week because I was on so many airplanes. And it turns out airplane Wi-Fi, vibe coding, perfect match of activity. So I just like was like messing with these things till my eyes bled. And you know what happened in hour 11? What? I stopped using chat GPT and went all in on Gemini.

Because it's actually better. 2-5 pros just like way better at a bunch of these coding tasks. It's better at structuring. It's like a bunch of stuff. So it's a, I think it was absolutely. Google week but we're using codex no I wasn't using codex I was yeah look this is one of my other insights from the week spending a week you know literally flying on the country vibe coding in the air yeah you know the the whole what model to use thing is a

complete fucking mess right and I think that the analogy I now have in my head is it's kind of like imagine walking into a crowded room where you don't know anyone and saying who should I trust right and then by the way every two seconds a new person pops into the room. You've know and like I people are like, oh, or or you can trust this person 95% of the time. You can't trust them with your life, you know, but that's a totally that's a totally separate chain of thought I think is important. I was talking to some entrepreneurs today about if you think what AI is today, it's like having it a B minus employee or like an 80% or. And the question is how do you get value out of 80%ers is actually more difficult than it looks in a lot of ways, right? Because

the reality is so much of work is about trust. But isn't it more? Isn't it more? Isn't it more they're B minus because it's you're averaging their effectiveness on different things. In my experience, it's like for certain tasks, it's like 80, 90% of the time it's amazing. And then some percentage of the time, it's so bad that you would want to, you would ask the employee is everything okay? Like you never. But I think the other thing I really think about guys is, you know, if you think people are always like, oh, there are all these tasks that AI is more efficient at.

And so clearly those jobs will just go away. And it'll be it. And I think that's like exactly the wrong model. Because the reality, what people don't understand is the real reason you hire people to do work is not to do the work. It's to have a throat to choke when the work goes badly, right? It's like, why do you have an accountant? You don't have an accountant to do your taxes. You have an accountant so that when the IRS comes and says, what's wrong with why you get this wrong?

You're like, I didn't do it. That guy did it. Right? And so the, I think that's the interesting thing is like there's all these models. Like, great. Good news. You get rid of the employee and I get a cue that's mostly right. And you approve me. Like, I don't want to approve that stuff. Like the whole point. is to have someone else. Yeah, I think our example is like we use a lot of the different deep research products and like we still would love to hire an amazing researcher.

Yeah, so that you can fire them when they're wrong. Right? Like you need like it's just the point is like there's this whole I think there's a lot of like Well, it's an agency thing too. It's like if you could tell if you could tell deep research to like try itself and then try other products and then combine the outputs of all the different things and maybe that's a research agent that can, you know, there's all these things. But I think the ultimate model in my mind is I don't even care what the average

persons are using. I don't care about some review online. That's four stars for coding for this type of. I don't care. What I care about is one of the most smartest people I know in the world using. And like, how do you make that transparent? So I could just be like, oh, it's this type of task. I'm going to trust this model for that.

And like that needs to be up to date. It's much more of like an identity problem or like a human trust problem, right? Than it is, you know, a technology problem in a lot of ways. And it's just changing really fast. So it's been a fascinating league, but yeah, Net, I mean, pulling all the way up, yes, I'm taking a victory lap on Google wins. And yes, I'm taking a victory lap on incumbents win because that's what's happening. So you're saying to Jack, like, thanks for reading my memo from two years ago.

Yeah, exactly. Well, in fairness to Jack, he wasn't on the team two years ago. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. He was very excited to discover a notebook out. But love you, Jack. I got to get him out of the pool house. Yeah. Anyway.

I want to talk about some other stuff. What do you think about the Johnny I've news and hardware generally? I mean, where to begin? I know, I know. This is my favorite part of having you on the show. We don't have to prompt at all. We just like two, we could give you three words. Johnny, I've hardware.

Well, okay, a few things. First of all, I mean, my tweet on this one was happening was like, well, I guess all these hundred million dollar AI researchers are cheap, right? It's the designers that are going to get paid bank on aqua hires in this era, right? Look, I think it was marketed in a really interesting way, right? Like, it's marketed as like they tried to pick the biggest number possible. It's a 2%. They paid 2% for this thing, right, for him.

They marketed as it's this big number. I think because it's kind of the pissing match of AI, right, is you're supposed to look really big and powerful with big number. And I'm sure Johnny doesn't mind being told that he's worth $6 billion. But like, it's kind of one of those interesting PR stories. of like how you shape the narrative as much as anything else. The hardware thing is interesting. Like on one hand, I actually think it's like, if you're open AI, you do need a hardware

play. You're going to get fucked otherwise, right? Like how, you know, you know, meta discovered this years ago, which is like being beholden other people's hardware is really tough, right? In this case, it's only more so, right, because of kind of the way these chips are going to fall with Android and iOS. So I don't think they're wrong. And like, meta's got its glasses.

So like, it's not strategically wrong from first principles. I think the problem is that I have is I just think that like the likelihood they're going to successfully introduce a new piece of hardware is like zero, right? Like, and that's just, you know, it's, you know, you're going to have a phone and they could try to compete on the phone, but it's very hard for them to imagine building like a fully featured phone that, you know, whatever. And then also having something that's so great. Well, well, well, the one thing that does seem clear, haven't they said this is a new type of device that will, integrate with your phone and your computer and that screams to me okay well is is app yeah yeah I said septum piercing where I saw that you know my take was E-kane did you see E-cane so this is so when I left when in 2014 no but sorry sorry to finish my thought that the issue with that is if you're saying we're

going to create a new device that integrates with your Apple ecosystem that seems like a bit of like a uphill battle look what happened to pebble right in the Apple watch right in the of the day it's like look you know you have the iPhone is a hugely breakthrough device this by by the way not my line it's a friend's line but like hugely breakthrough device you already had a phone right you know it wasn't like a new thing you were putting on your body the glasses work that's a thing that was already on your body the watch work it's a thing that's it's really hard to imagine you're going to get through with some new device so my joke but it's only half a joke is look you know 12 years ago I got obsessed with the idea of making an e-cane so I'm

Imagine like bringing back the cane. Right? That's what you meant. And like no idea what you meant. And if you think about the cane, if you think about the cane, like it's actually, you put a shitload of batteries in it.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. Big antenna, right? And, you know, the nice part is like, the world is getting less safe, so you can beat people with it. Yeah, yeah, yeah. The world is like, the world is aging. So, like, everyone needs canes.

You know, like, there's all these, like, macro trends in favor bringing back the cane. And then, you know, could you drop, like a GPU and a microphone and a camera in the top and like talk to your cane. Smart cane. Yeah, that's smart. Smart cane.

Smart cane. No more dumb. I don't want to be pitched anymore non-AI cane. Okay. I've had enough. I'm just saying like if they actually, if open AI came out of like we're bringing back the cane, I'd be like, all right. Listen, for all my.

Well, you know that Johnny I've got his start at a design firm that was working on bathrooms and so maybe there's all like smart toilet. You know, you're, Well, there is. Someone just came out. There's a, there is like a new fit bit for your poop. Okay. I know some friends that have funded that. That's what I. I funded that. You funded that. I know some people that's funded that. I find it. It's called it's called Throne. I think it's interesting. For a bunch of reasons. One is it's just like personally as like a quote unquote biohacker. There's so much information on how your digestion, what's happening with your digestion, your hydration, all these different things. Look, in the end of the day, you want to copy behavior.

is people are already doing. And, you know, in college, one of my roommates, Brian would send me pictures of his poop all the time. So, like, you know, you just got to double down. Brutal. Brutal. Brutal. Brutal.

Let's move on. Brutalurts. Give us to anything to get us off of this. Well, here's my hyper scaler capax. Here's my line on it. I flew through JFK today. They're spending $20 billion renovating JFK. I'm like, this capax is nothing.

Spend more money on AI. Like, if you were to spend $20 billion on, like, renovating JFK, all of a sudden, spending a hundred billion on AI doesn't seem so crazy what about say say as much as you can about what meta you know meta's playbook over the next kind of six to twelve months I know they've been having talent you kind of retention yeah Lama behemoth delayed look in the end of the day I again I as you know have huge respect for the team there and the leadership there I think the beauty of meta as I've said many times is it's a

heads you win, tails you win, right? You know, from from a investor perspective, right? Which is if you think about it, it's like the most obvious highest value use case in the world for everything that exists is making ads way more targeted and effective, right? And that's happening and it's an incredible trend to ride and they're going to crush it. You know, Mark and that team is like deeply competitive. They want to win, win, win, right? And so just from a pure competition perspective, I think they're going to like go to the mat to win, win, win and like there'll be many chapters to that but the good news is they have a massively profitable business and a immediate use case right that is deeply aligned and so I just you know I learned a long

long long time I got to never bet against Mark especially when he cares about it yeah it feels like with there's huge value to having Lama be a free LLM for them that they can vend into every corner of the app even in places the consumer doesn't feel or or see so profanity filtering and understanding what content goes where, ad matching, generative AI to clean up Instagram photos, all these things that will just be under the surface, as opposed to what Google's doing, which is like, now we have 10 new apps, notebook LM, like we're not seeing that for meta, and maybe that's the right strategy. Look, in the end of the day, meta has the most natural, beautiful use cases for AI,

which is what you're pointing out. And therefore, like, they don't need to do a bunch of crazy shit, right? They just need to, like, win at, like, the core. And then basically, again, the open source thing is clear. It's like they actually for like thinking about ads, they don't really care if they're doing the AI or someone else's because it's all going to go to them either way, right? In the end of the day, it's just better if more people have access to it and the innovation will happen. So look, one of the things I did in my vibe when I got really into like all the platforms, right? I spent a bunch of time. Remember digital ocean?

Like digital ocean is doing a great job with AI, right? Like it turns out like their services are really good. And like it was really easy to boot up some agents on top of like, you know, a knowledge base on top of, you know. It's always the worst part is like deploy, you write some code and you want to actually get it on a server. It's always still a hassle. And it's like, they've actually done a great. I was like incredibly impressed. But like, you know, and then you say like, where is llama showing up?

It's like, all it's like right there. Like you just click a button and you're using Lama. It's like no bullshit. We got to get a killer video generation model out of meta. Like they're the only one that has another data source. Yeah. How do you see that market? How do you see that market evolving?

There's a bunch of foundation model labs doing video generation. And I can see some of those. getting to the point where they could crush it for big Hollywood movie studio, you know, making very specific types of scenes or assets. But then it feels like the low end of the market for, you know, if you're a random S&B and you want to make an ad or something like that. Yeah, maybe use some vertical SaaS, but also. I wonder how much it matters. I mean, like, you know, I had this conversation actually with my good friend Dave Moran on our little weekly, you know, bullshit session. More or less.

more or less. We're talking about the Dave also somehow cracked like the top of the angel there was like the top angel investor list and he he was the top dog. It's amazing. So.

Well, let's stick on the list in the A wall. We'll talk about the validity of that list. We'll talk about what we could. I mean, I just like to see my boy Dave at the top. I like to see. Look, my boy Kevin, my partner Kevin was like number four on the list. It was a very interesting list.

Let's go. But the, uh, I wasn't on the list. But you know, that's okay. The, um, the uh but uh what i was going to say is the um the thing david and i were talking about is like look you know if you think about what's going on like with memes right in this whole world you have this is like high road low road thing everyone's really excited about like super high end video generation and hollywood and da-da-da-da-da you know what's happened in the media landscape

those things don't make any money no one cares about these movies anyway like they're consuming like low-end crowdsourced memes on the internet like that's where attention is that's where the energy is that's where entertainment is and so i think obviously the people technologists and like the highfalutin people are really excited about like the narrative storytelling beautiful da-da-da-da-da but when it comes to like what tools will actually be used how things will be marketed how humans will interact with each other and communicate in the store I think actually it would be much more budgety tools that actually win and the other stuff is kind of just you know intellectual you know masturbation a little bit it doesn't mean you shouldn't do it

like speaking of that speaking of that why is speaking of uh masterbation Why is only fans getting priced at eight times earnings? You know, I so desperately want to buy Onlyfans guys. I wanted to buy it for years. I had plans like there's been a few iterations of this. No, it's so good. It's so good. I just keep it coming up with only fans. It's a mess. It's so good. This is, but your reaction is part of the reason I want to buy it. No, no, you love the controversy. The buyer pool is small, so the price is low. Well, that's part of it. The other thing is everyone, because of the buyers, it's actually the best AI short you could possibly think of, right?

Because part of the reason it's getting sold, my understanding, and like the whole story is like, well, we're going to have all these AI girlfriends. Sure. So like the creator economy is going to get crushed on these things. And I think that is like a very 101 simplistic take on what's actually. The other thing is a lot of the, a lot of the cost that goes into basically generating revenue on OnlyFans is from messaging, which is done by people. in the Philippines. And AI. So this is the thing.

Open AI is like the greatest human loop AI platform in existence, right, from a position. Because you have, I think you still need real brands. I think that having human brands matters at the top end. Your ability to then like effectively automate. It's kind of like the Facebook story, which is your ability to slot an AI and bank it, right, on messaging it is like off the charts with the only fans and improve the quality. So I think it's interesting. I think it's like this classic thing where it's being sold. I've always loved the asset.

it's the number one creator platform on the world. It's so defensible because they actually have a very low take rate because they're so big. No one can assault them, right, because of how they're kind of set up. What's the take rate? It's like it's really low. I want to say it's like 10%, maybe 15, but it's like much lower than you think. And as a result, like you have this incredible cash engine. I mean YouTube's like 45% and many other sites are 30% just for general content creation.

So it just the upshot is like this incredible position. I think there are a huge product opportunities that always have been with it. But then you have this double storm of like, one, people like you guys boo it because you patrician technology brothers, right? And you won't like acknowledge human nature and people want to do this. And then two, there's all these fancy investors who like think it's dead because they read the front page of the Wall Street Journal about AI and don't understand what's actually going on. I'm like, that's great.

This is my zone. Yeah, I have no. We're going to have to become an RIA to do it probably. So good luck. Well, I got to figure out how to not do that. I also, like, for what it's worth, I'm a seed investor. I don't know how to raise the $2 billion I need. But call me if you got it.

Well, speaking of seed investors, I don't know if you saw this chart from Pitchbook. Emerging managers are on track to raise less money this year than they have in a decade. That sounds right. It's now under $20 billion. During 2021, it was up at $60 billion. It was really, really spiked. 2022 was around $50 billion. And now we're down in like the single billion.

Just one JFK renovation. That is, that is a lot of money for emerging managers. This is, I assume it's defined as like first phone. We're going to put $20 billion as an emerging manager. How much did they get in 2021? Well, you put it, I mean, you put it in like $20,000, $50 million funds. That's the idea at least. Or that's what happened.

They're all, I just, I've been so skin. I don't see any of this working out for anyone, right? Like, you know, I know it's one of the, the, the, they'll always be the random winner. Yeah, but isn't that the nature of the game? It's like, startups. follow a power loss, so do funds. I just think we have to hit a size gong because the $64 billion

that they raised in 2021 is $12 billion of fees. And so let's just give it up. Congratulations to the emerging managers. Guys, I think you guys are cheering too much. If you do the math on I'm joking to be clear. Doing the math on being a small fund

and being locked in for 10 years as like a solo GP with your emerging manager fund and you're kind of shitty sub-scale, it's actually a pretty bad business. What's more than being locked in? No, no, no, no. That's like what you're saying, what you're saying is so real, which is imagine you have a startup. Yeah. And it's like, okay, you have to commit to this startup for a decade, even if by two and a half years in, like it's not working. Is that real though? Is that real though? I feel like most emerging managers, they write the checks in the first year and a half, two years. And then, yeah,

they get investor update. They pass them along to LPs, but like they could go and get a job at big tech and sure, but it's still, even if it's a couple hours. a week for 10 years? Yeah, I guess that is a hassle. Look, it also keeps you from other, it's just messy and complicated. And the reality is, again, like, if you're earning two and 20, and you're never going to see the 20, right? Like, the two ends up actually, you know, on a $50 million fund after you pay for actual

things, you're doing fine. Like, no one's crying. But, like, it's not like some great business, right? Like, I think the only reason to raise a $50 million dollar emerging manager fund is, like, to have the enough card flips to prove that you can size of a bit. Now, I think the flip side is true, too, which is I don't know how anyone makes money on a seed fund that's over $200 million. I don't know the math doesn't work, right? I think there's like a sweet spot of fund sizes that work.

Too small, you know, the economics to make it work. Even if you have a banger, it's like not that important. And like too big, it's just like the law of big numbers. You're never going to produce an important fund, right, from a return's perspective. So look, what we do, seed investing, we're, I think, in the sweet spot, obviously, because why would I not think that? You know, we've made money. I'm very proud of that. I care about DPI, whatever.

But here's the thing. Sorry, sorry, we're laughing. We have to explain because you can't see it. But the Kiron right now says seed investor, don't become a seed investor. Stay the fuck out. But then the reality is, like, you know, it's not, even from my perspective, it's not the best business. You do it because you love it, right?

But if you just did the math, being an asset manager and earning 2% and just getting enough DPI to justify more 2% for. fees is for sure a more scalable business model, which is why most people do it. Do you think part of why every emerging manager jumps into seed is just like they can't do growth? Because I feel like the skill set of being a growth investor is in some ways more repeatable. You know, you get people that come out of investment banks and they have all the skills to underwrite a company that's at a billion dollars. There's less risk. But at the same time, when you think about someone who's, you know, starting a new fund, if they're going out and raising a

growth fund on fund one like that just feels harder to marshal like a LP question it's like who's like who's going to give you LP level dollars right and like by the way if you're if you're going a later stage fund you're trying to like model to like a guaranteed whatever it is yeah to an a a fx or whatever why would you give it to the crazy kid right the crazy kid you give money for because they might be right yeah yeah yeah yeah and so you want that seed bet and then also i feel like a big part of the emerging manager dynamic is just like essentially scout funds and and there's a lot of like horse trading around like yeah we will do a we will do the deal from our fund of funds we started that way like 10 plus years ago and like that when there was the market was much looser and it was a different market

and it worked for us and we were able to scale up into being like a legit seed fund you know with legit dollars and legit institutional investors I just think like like most things that path all paths get super crowded right and so once the path is super crowded it's just really hard to differentiate it's really hard to make a good business out of it And I do think like almost everyone's going to go away, right? Don't become a seat investor. You heard it here first, folks. Last, last, I want your quick take, X-AI's Portland Data Center fire. You think that's just a little accident or do you think Portland is doing Portland stuff?

That would be really funny. That'd be really funny. It's, God, have you guys ever read the science fiction of a parable of the sower? No. Great book. Great book. I'm just finishing it now. But there's a whole slub plot where there's all these.

people who are addicted to this drug that makes them like think that fire is the greatest thing on earth so they're just like setting fire to everything and like wow this is funny it's it's it's i just looked it up it's a post apocalyptic story set in 2025 wow if you caught that when you're yeah and like they're basically about people like trying to walk north from l.a to like north to to Seattle to escape craziness but the um yeah so i don't know if you told me that that drug was invented in Portland wouldn't blow my mind. Yeah. I think we got to get a polymarked on.

This is fantastic having you on. Thanks so much. Always a pleasure, Sam. Happy Friday. Happy Friday. Talk soon. Cheers. Cheers.

Let me tell you about adquick.com. Out of home advertising made easy and measurable. Say goodbye to the headaches of out of home advertising. Only ad quick combines technology. Out of home expertise and data to enable efficient, seamless ad buying across the globe. And we got Bobby. They are coming into the studio. Yep.

I'm going to do some VO3 generations for all of our partners. Get those in the mix. Pull those up. I think it'll be fun. Getting a little creative. We got Bobby coming into the studio. Welcome to the stream. How you doing?

Thank you for having me. Where are you? Are you in Miami right now? I'm the last one standing in Miami. Yes, let's give it up. Yeah, I've seen some of my. I love Miami. I actually stuck around.

Thank you very much. Yeah, I love Miami. It's beautiful. Every time I get to go visit, it's always struck me as, like the it's like a classier version of Las Vegas for tech and it actually worked really well where in every industry there's always like the CES conference that happens in Vegas and it's a little bit below tech's you know prestige and so if tech could assemble in Miami for events that's great we gave it a real college try it was happening for a while you know there's Hereticon and

you know it's the best conference I've ever been to exactly and and it was cool that you You get people that come from New York and they're not just going to go home after the conference. They're going to stay. Same thing with SF. Same thing with L.A. So it was actually a feature that not everyone was there. I feel like if you throw a conference in L.A. or S.F., a half the people are just going to go home. It was special for a moment.

Anyway, I got a. What's up? I got a docs, Bobby. Oh, yeah? Because he pulled up to Hereticon in a Ferrari. Let's go. You remember I called it out. We were walking.

Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, right is actually just getting the buttons be done. Oh, really? We were just talking about this. No way. Sticky buttons. Sticky buttons.

No. Seriously, it's like the worst thing to be in this magnificent machine. And then it's like, I don't know, somebody like ate a hamburger. You have a date and you, you, you, okay, great, I'll pick you my Ferrari. And then she tries to adjust the seat. And it's like, she's like, this is disgusting. Oh, no. It's terrible.

Yeah. What were you doing in here? This is terrible. That's all fixed now. That's all fixed now. Okay, that's good. Yeah, that's good. We're glad to hear.

Find us. But yeah, give us the news. Give us the update. Give us a little introduction on yourself for those who might not know. Yeah. So I'm so glad you guys had me on today. We had a very big announcement today. So this is something I've been thinking about for 15 years.

And we announced our new email client called Sunflower today. Cool. Thank you. Thank you. it is like basically the opposite of inbox zero okay like i don't think you should have to have an email client that makes you work for it right in other words like you let up inbox zero i don't care how many keyboard shortcuts i don't regard what what you give me but if i'm having to triage every single email that comes in you know keyboard shortcut this way that way yep from the applebee's email

you know no yeah yeah yeah You need an email client that actually works for you. Okay. So on our marketing website, we don't mention the word AI one time. Huh. Wow. This thing is entirely, this product would not be possible five years ago. Okay.

It's, you know, if you want to be, if you think you need to be a superhero to use your inbox, there's a product for you. We're building a product for actual humans. Bold. And it launches, you know, the wait list launches today, Sunflower.m.m. Yeah. And the product is like, my phone before this because literally,

we broke Slack today. Like, apparently there's a limit to how many notifications it can send you. Just dinging, dinging, dinging. That's great. Amazing. And the products is like already like, you guys, you guys are, the products like real, you guys are using it, right?

using it, right? This is not, you're not just launching a wait list. Like there's, there's something out of the hood. We've been working on this for a year and a half. I used it every single day myself. Yeah. It's about a dozen people right now who have this. Yep. Give you guys early alpha access. Yeah. So talk to me about the actual workflow. I imagine I still have an email address. People can still email me, but I imagine an LLM is scanning every email that comes in. Am I seeing the emails? Am I, I mean, I've used Gmail's Gemini. features. One time I randomly clicked it and it just typed a response and it was like kind of decent, but it's honestly just a lot of clutter in the UI right now. How are you thinking about

actually on the hunt here? I'll be honest. Yeah. Well, I mean, thinking about this, I've actually was thinking I should just get a I should just get an LLM to summarize every email and just text it to me. And then I can just text back if I want to respond and I just never look at my inbox ever again. I'll try it. And have you tried current mail.com? It's, it's, it's a It's not good. Yeah, it's just so funny that email, like the default state of email is like, here's stuff that's important, here's stuff that's not important, and then it's only ranked by when it hit your inbox.

Yeah. Which is kind of silly because status quo of email is a to-do list filled out by other people. Yep. Totally. And that's it. Right? You should be beholden to that, right? Just because someone sends me an email doesn't, I mean, I get a lot of emails.

Yeah. Anyways, so yeah, you were kind of close. We're going to reveal our hand more and more publicly. But today was like the firing the starting gun. Like we're building in public now. So you're going to hear a lot more. Boo, don't share your revenue. If it gets too high, people will copy you.

We don't like going in public. Based on the signups you had today, like we are cashed a problem if everyone converts. How much, how much of your time are you going to be spending here versus invest? going forward. Yeah. That's a good question. You know, I personally funded this company for the alpha. Like, you know, I, I, I, I, I'll be able to read people's emails, you mean?

I'm kidding. I can't, by the way, I can't read anyone's emails. Yeah, yeah. An exhaustive security review process with Google right now. Yeah. So, no, there's no reading. You can sign up. Just Google.

Just Sundart, just Sundar. Just Sundar. Yeah, so, send art. Sundark and reading the most but not Bobby. I bet he can actually. I bet they're pretty locked down over there. But yeah, I mean, I remember the mailbox days and that launched. And one of the things that I loved that, I loved was that once he got off the incredibly

long wait list, it basically tricked you into just archiving everything, which I thought was a great paradigm because you kind of declare email bankruptcy. You're not deleting these emails, so they're still there. And just that idea. of, hey, you can archive things. I had never archived an email before. And I think a lot of people are in that boat where they have unread emails and they've read emails

and they have a number that's like 10,000 next to their email app. What do you think about? Funny story about that. Please. I was friends with Gentry when he made mail box. Oh, cool. And I worked at Facebook at the time. Yeah.

And we're on this hike with my friend Bo. And literally it's like the Kalalao Trail in Hawaii. it's like a two-day hike. Like, you're trekking it. The entire time, he just talked about email the entire time. He's talking about email and the fact that he was about to propose to his now wife.

And I said, well, you're spending on this engagement ring. Anyways, so I took a photo of him. It's a beautiful photo, you know, right at the end of the trail. And if you remember that app, you know, when you got to inbox zero, right?

you saw this beautiful image. And he hated that app the whole time. It just launched. He was ranting to me the entire time about how much he hated mailbox. And I was like, it's actually a pretty good app in friends of Gentry, et cetera, et cetera. But anyways, so when I got back from the hike, I sent Gentry an email and I said, hey, would you guys put this image into the app? Like as the, you know, you're done like inbox zero state.

Yeah. And so and then I took a screenshot and I said to him, I said, you're in the app now. You're in the app that you kind of hate it. You despise. That's amazing. And he took it a good thing. It was great. Yeah.

We're not about inbox zero. I think inbox zero is a flawed concept. I think like, you know, we're. It's funny. I want you to do this for text. Right. right now i have 3,873 unread texts and i have that because i don't feel an obligation like just because somebody had my number at some point and like i really try to respond to the

stuff that's important and pressing but i'm not going to like get home from work and be like oh i i i got to respond to this person instead of hanging out with my kids right like it's it's not no of course not everyone feels entitled to your time Yeah. Right. You know, look, I'm an investor. I get the same emails probably we all do, right? Like about 20 a day.

And they're all like drip auto campaign follow up. So it's like they send you a cold pitch email. And then you get the email, then you get the email. And then every single successive email like tries to guilt you into actually, you know, replying. Yeah. Like start using more and more emotionally manipulative tactics. Yep. And it's like, no, no, no, just because you know my email address does not entitle you to my time.

Yeah. I think that's right. What do you think about- Are you going to tag? Are you going to, are you going to identify like emails that are being dripped versus, you know, artisanal, organic farm-to-table emails? We're working on that. You know what we're also working on? Again, you know, there's a funny Steve Jobs quote.

Isn't it funny a ship at least from the top? but here you go that's great you know email trackers you know like obviously superhuman does this I'm like you know

you've seen it we both allow you to block inbound trackers and we'll also let you send your own nice so our thing is like we are just so 100% focused on the individual user

so in other words It's like if you want to block these trackers, perfect. We'll let you do that. And then you can send your, you can send a tracker of your own. I like having those trackers. I like letting the SDR now. I read this 10 times.

I'm still not responding. Yes. That's the feature you should build. Is it a feature to open and close the email 10 times? That's a better feature. Yeah. Yeah. It just keeps paying the pixel.

So the SDR is like this person, they're reading it for hours. every day. But they haven't responded. What's going on? You just dedos their tracking pixel. What is your take on Eric Mikovsky, founder of Pebble? He started this company, Beeper, eventually sold it to Automatic. And the whole idea was get into the IMessage world, create one unified inbox for all the different messages. I think he had a knockout, dragout fight with Apple because he was reverse engineering some of the APIs. Obviously, there's changes on in big tech around antitrust and it maybe now is the time to put pressure on that.

Is there a world where we could see text and email kind of unify at some point? What's your view on kind of the long term here with big tech? I mean, look, we have a we have a long-term strategy. I'm not going to come on your podcast. I'm just spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill, spill. Activate gold and retriever mode. What was that? Activate.

What did I sign up for? Golden Retriever mode where you're, you know, yeah, golden retriever would just tell, the entire roadmap. Tell everyone. No, no, no, no, you can, you can come on again and, you know, spill it every time.

I'm actually one of your companies and I pass another one. Okay. Anyway, yeah, future of text email. So I'm mostly concerned about email. I think email, it's like what's, Old is new again, right? And so if I, again, if I, if I, if I, if I, if I, if I, if I, if I, if I, if I, if I, if I were a ship that's spilled from the top, here's what you have to, here's what you have to say. Um, um, just like Apple built I message on top of SMS.

Mm hmm. I think there's a layer to be built on top of email. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. That's all I'm gonna, that's all I'm gonna tease me. Yeah. Hey, no, no, no, I think, I think, I think, I think, I think, I don't, I don't want to own all. communication. Like I don't want to, you know, pull it on one place. I just want to clean up a mess that is email. Okay. Yeah, it is an interesting time, right? Because like AI is transforming everything. But yet I feel pretty confident that I will have an email address that I have to use in 15 years. And like that sounds kind of crazy and silly. But at the same time,

it's not going away. Fax machines. We talked with TJ yesterday about how he was spending 30% of their dev resources or something like that. that on fax machines right at pill pass. When I went to Facebook, we had that, we launched as a joke, just the TechCrunch network only. We launched a feature called Fax This Photo. Hmm. And they covered it. Wow.

No way. Yeah, yeah. It was literally launched. Just to troll them. Oh yeah. You can Google this story, like TechCrunch, Facebook, fax this photo. My engineering buddy, Evan, we were, we were launching all these things one day. Fax your photos, not in 2009. Wow.

Yeah, there you go. That's amazing. Okay, so Facebook punked us. This isn't really going live for everyone. They tried to like pretend like they were in on the joke, but no. That's very funny. Got him. And also, by the way, our Homs team didn't know the joke either.

And so this guy, Blake Ross, he had to run upstairs like, you know, in a frantic rush saying, guys, guys, guys, it's just a joke. It's just a joke. Yeah. full stack verticalized mogs amazing well thank you so much for coming bobby this looks the real thing bobby this was super fun congrats on the launch uh i'm excited to try the product and come back on come back on as you have more more news to share amazing sunflower dot emmy if i can get a plug in for sure let's do it go check it we'll talk there now

see you guys and if you're trying to visit miami you got to head over to wander dot com find your happy place find your happy place book of wonder with inspiring views hotel grade amenities, dreamy beds, top tier cleaning, and 24-7 concierge service. It's a vacation home, but better folks get on wander. And we got Orrin Hoffman coming in the studio. He is here. So welcome to the stream, Aaron. How you doing?

What's going on? I'm doing great. I happen to be here. Very excited. Great to finally have you on. Probably should have done this a long time ago. We had a brief phone call, I think, a couple of years ago. Good to reconnect. What's the latest in your world?

Well, things are great. We're, we've got a couple different things. We run a, like a weird holding company where we own a bunch of data companies, start different data companies. Yep. And then, uh, then we're also at a flex capital where we do a lot of seed stage investing. We did 20 deals last quarter. Wow. We also do about a hundred per year. That's amazing. Yeah. We were kind of struggling to find what your title should be. So we just put founder and investor because you got, you wear a lot of hats. Yeah, that's good. I think you got like Sam Lessen on today. I'm like, an aspiring Sam lessons. Okay, okay. That's great. That's great. How are you on the slope? So you get skier? No, I'm not aspiring.

Well, then, oh, then you're going to feel like on that stage. Yeah. I'm only aspiring on certain things. Okay, okay. He's got like 20 other dimensions. I'll never catch up. He plays a lot of tennis. He yaps a lot, but yeah.

Yeah. He runs like three minute miles. Yeah. Okay. I can talk about running. On the on the data side of your business, how, was that an AI bet that you made a lot? long time ago. Is it, is it, did you get lucky? Did you have incredible foresight?

Um, I think I got on, I think I had the wrong bet. Um, and so I think on the data business, uh, I think we had believed that as the, that these companies that sell data, like data as the ingredients, not just like analysis on top of the data, the ingredient. We thought that these companies would become like way more valuable because we thought the number of buyers of data would go up significantly. Uh, so if you think like, You know, people, this is 10 years ago, people made, oh, there are maybe 50 hedge funds that buy data today significantly. There's 11,000 hedge funds. The market's going to go from 50 to 500.

I think the market went from 50 to like 58 over the last 10 years. So it really didn't go up. Retailers or maybe 20 retailers that bought a lot of data. How many? Out of your, out of your, if you, this will be tough to remember specifics, but. But a lot of like seed stage companies will be like, oh, well, we're going to generate this data and like we're going to sell it eventually. And it's going to be valuable. And it's like, oh, and then you kind of press them on it.

And it's like, well, like hedge funds will buy it. And then it's like, okay, like, are you confident that those 58 hedge funds or have, have you seen any of your. They're terrible market. It's a very small market. And they really, most of them are even like the biggest hedge funds in the world like Bridgewater. Like the amount of data they buy is minuscule compared to the AUM. Like it's basically zero. Yeah.

And is that just because they're, they spend more on like lunch. Yeah. Are they getting data from other sources, like more public sources? Are they scraping the internet? Or are they just not using data driven algorithms in the sense that we have. They have some data. They have data that you could put in an Excel file and stuff like that.

And they're not like, you're smart people who are thinking about quote unquote data. But we actually think of like a data business that's selling data, proprietary data, different types of data. And usually data, that's like, like larger than you could like put an Excel file. Most funds are not doing it. Most they're really, really, if you think of like real estate. So when we were starting like the number of real estate investors that were using data was zero.

And today it's blackstone. It's like one. It's going from zero to one. Real estate is a pretty big asset class. Now they're using some data. So people are using still some data. But really like we're talking about like real alternative data. really have a very sophisticated system to be able to ingest it and use it.

It's very, very, very small. Is that driven by the fact that maybe it's almost like, I mean, I've been thinking a lot about Google I.O.3 and Google's advantage and video generation, particularly because they own YouTube. And YouTube feels like an incredibly valuable data source. Correct. It's almost, but the whole like data is the new oil. It's almost like no data is like a Rembrandt painting that there's only one of. And so Google doesn't want to sell that data.

Like Google wants to keep that, right? And so, like, yes, the data market would be bigger if all of these assets actually transacted and were fungible like oil, but they're not. They're super proprietary. And now, if you have a brand, your data is more valuable. Sure. So if you've got something like Reddit and everyone knows Reddit, they understand what people are talking about on Reddit. And they say, okay, we're having all these like interesting conversations.

They sell that to Google. for $60 million or something to train their LLMs. And but if you if you had just like lots of people having interesting conversations, but you weren't called Reddit. Yeah. Um, my guess is instead of 60 million, you might get 10 million or five million or something like the brand is actually the 10x thing of why people want to buy it as well. Yeah.

What about just, uh, creating data for the purposes of artificial intelligence, not pulling data from other sources and trying to go find. find a round peg in a square hole with selling into a hedge fund. More like there is demand for robotics data right now and we are going to go get a bunch of robots and generate a bunch of data. Yeah. I like that. Yeah.

I'm obviously like scale AI is a great company. Right. So they're doing that. They're actually going to building those types of data. We just invest we're investing in a company not doing what you're saying with the robots. Sure. I think those types of things are good. But it's not always just for the AI.

Like there's other types of buyers because if you just are selling to like AI core model companies, you're talking maximum of a dozen buyers. That's not a great market. He went from 58 to 12. Yeah, exactly. So you just want to sell to Open AI, Anthropic, Google, and Facebook, like, and maybe a couple of others. Like, I don't know, that doesn't seem like a great business long term either. Yeah. And if the deal, the first deal that you do is a hundred million, what's the deal size on the next one? Correct. Do you, are you going to create $100 million worth more data that you can sell to them. Is it even that valuable?

Anyways, I wanted to have you on specifically to talk about a post that you had yesterday that went pretty viral. You said that any VC that makes you pay for their lawyers is not founder-friendly. Founders barely affording rent should not be footing legal bills for VCs with private jets. And yet this is standard. You kind of extrapolate on this, but you're writing, you know, know, 20 checks a quarter, maybe more. I'm sure that almost every single one of the companies you back ends up, you know, having to pay some VC's lawyer bill maybe in the next round.

But what I would love for you to kind of break down the post and what inspired. Yeah. So for those people who don't know, and a standard in a term sheet, somewhere in the term sheet, it says, usually it says the company must pay up to X dollars of the venture capitalist legal fees and that X can be negotiated and it can be as low as 10 grand and I've seen it as high as 300 grand for more complicated deals and stuff like that and it's there and it just it seems it seems odd for a whole bunch of reasons first it's like there there may be many different investors but you're only paying the lead investors types of things second is that um you know why are they you know why are they actually having the company pay it's it's like a little bit of

the backdoor way to get your fees paid. And then there's like there's like a more complicated argument as well, which is I don't think this is LP friendly. A lot of, a lot of VCs will say this is LP friendly. Because now I don't have to like. Yeah, wouldn't the person paying presume you, you can pass it. I mean that the VC could pass the fees on to their LPs. So they could pass it on to their LPs.

And this is a backdoor way of doing that without. actually telling the LPs that you passed it on to the LPs. By taxing the company. It's texting the company, but it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's. If you, if you, if you, if you, you know, use Tegas or something and you pass it on to your LP, your LP, your LP sees the bill and they're like, why are you spending 50 grand on Tegas? Like, you should be spending less. Or if you're like, if you're, if you're having air travel, they can understand that is.

well. Wait, wait, wait. Can you give me more clarity around like the idea of passing fees on? So like the real, the real fees. So, so VCs have like two and 20, right? But then there's certain fees that you can pass back that it gets it closer to even three. You could get it up to like two and a half, three, four percent. And that could even be like when a VC pays for lunch with a founder, you can pass that on, correct?

Interesting. Yeah. And every VC has a different model. Different structure. When we go to lunch with a founder. Because I always thought it would be like there's two percent fees and then you got to do whatever you want with that. If you need a private jet, like that's coming out of the 2%. If you need to pay salaries, if you need to pay for Tegas, if you need to buy lunch, like it's all

coming out of the 2%. But you're saying it can be passed on. The true loaded fees can be much higher than 2%. Interesting. Yeah. Like at flex capital, we try to almost do everything in the 2%. So if we go to lunch with us, we take it out of our own management fee, which means we get less competition. Because of course. You most species want to protect that 2%. That goes directly to that. Right. So we get less competition, but we think it's more LP friendly. And then there might be certain things like your fund audit might be done to the. So you have to decide, okay, what is what's actually done to the fund versus what's done to the management company.

So we are more to the management company. Every BC will do it different on how they do it. But some can be like, but at least, regardless, at least generally when I'm passing fees, at least the LPs do see it. And then they can have a conversation like, hey, why are you doing? spending all this money with lunches to me why am i paying for your lunch to go to spago or something so whereas with the with the with the with the uh with the um legal fees they don't know they have no they know the lp has no way of accounting that yeah what about like general pressure to bring down the cost of startup legal fees at the series a level uh justin con

was working on a project with Atrium to try and automate the series A documents. Before you can even get there, there's like I think Amad had a good response to your post from Mercury saying that like he just basically tells the lawyers we're going to cap it at this and you agree up front and then the lawyers are super motivated. But that's still. That's that better. That's the, Amad's amazing. And that's that's that's definitely step one. Like you got to negotiate that. Maybe you can't negotiate it all the way down to zero, which is what I would like to see happen more. But you've got to negotiate it.

My guess is also, it also depends on the higher the cap, the longer it will be to close your round. So, you know, as most of it. You know, it shouldn't it be the other way around? If it's a high cap, the lawyers are just going to be like, yeah, this is going to take six weeks. Because it should be, it should be search price. I'll pay you 300K to close it this weekend or 50K and yeah, you can take a month.

I can basically tell you like, here's how you close your. round. It's going to be 15 days, plus one day for every $2,000 that's in Mexico. I can guarantee you that that will, that will, that will, that will, that will be exactly what it is for every single round that is in there. So backwards. Shouldn't one to one defensive of startups eating the cost is that, you know, if you're if you have an emerging manager with a $20 million fund and they're barely, you know, paying themselves a dollar in, salary and if they want to lead around that that ends up getting priced, it could get expensive.

But your argument is still like, okay, well, LPs are still eating that cost. Yeah. I mean, look, it can be negotiated. And it may be in some cases it could make sense that's in there. But there if you're, why are you doing something so complicated? I mean, why see created the safe? The safe doesn't have any legal costs, right? really. You can actually use a pretty boilerplate thing. You knew that most of these terms you

should be negotiating in the term sheet anyway. So going from term sheet to close, which is where all the legal costs come in from term sheet to close, like, why is that expensive anyway? It's because probably you're not managing the lawyers. The lawyers have no incentive to keep the cost low because they know what the cap is. If the cap says 50K, I guarantee you you're getting a bill for no less than 49k. Like in the history of the world, I doubt it is almost ever come in less than 49K for a cap of 50K. Like how do they automatically always hit the cap? It's perfect. They're filling the space. They're built different. The other thing as an LP, what you don't want to pay the fees and not get the ownership is the other thing, right? It's like if you're just getting past the costs and you're

like eating that but you're not getting like the incremental kind of dollars deployed into the company yeah like the incremental ownership is it does it I mean I guess like where I'd want to go with this is what do you have conviction or any excitement around tools that can be like AI tools specifically that can be introduced into the process like basically that term sheet to close period to just make that more efficient where we could say, okay. In most cases, but first of all, we just said we were just involved in a company that did term sheet to close in six days. Like, it's not that hard, especially in the early stages of a company.

Like, how much diligence do you need to do? You need to. And look, the company did a good job. They got all their stuff in a data room. They did all the things that they were supposed to do. Then as the venture capitalist, okay, well, you've got to somehow read it, read through it. Maybe you can use AI to read through some of it. You got to go check it. You have to make sure that the bank account is legit and all these other types of things that isn't fraudulent.

But it shouldn't take that much time. The main reason it takes a really long time is just the back and forth. You put a red line in. I send it to you. Then you don't have time to look at it that day. It takes you three days. Then you send it to me. It's like if we actually all got in a room, that's what they did. So they got it all in a room on day six. And they basically put like a four hour block and they said we're going to just go through every single issue right here and they're able to iterate on it just live and then you would you would you would you would put it on mute you would talk to your lawyer to go back it just got done it's so much easier and obviously even m&A agreements like you should be able to get those done so much faster and actually those often you get done faster yeah like

sometimes you can do an entire m&A um from term sheet to close faster than you can do a VC financing many mnays go faster than VC because everyone's just motivated incentive to really work on it and put in the time to make it happen yeah well thank you so much for stopping by come back on again soon sorry we'll invite me anytime yeah this is yeah we'll make it happen yeah great hanging talk to you soon cheers hi uh yeah we have some breaking news uh the first nuclear executive order has dropped uh i'm gonna read here from one call out that people are celebrating to maximize the speed and scale of new nuclear capacity, the Department of Energy shall prioritize work with the nuclear energy industry to facilitate five gigawatts of power up rates to existing nuclear reactors and 10 new

large reactors with complete designs under construction by 2030. This is exactly what we were asking for with let's copy paste Diablo Canyon. We have Doug Bernauer from Radiant Nuclear in the studio. We're going to bring him in and get his breakdown on it because he's obviously We had been working in this industry for years and should be able to give us an update on what's happening. Thank you so much for joining the show. Doug, been too long since I saw you. I think I saw you in D.C. last, but should be an exciting day. But can you give us your read and analysis on what's happening?

Yeah, it's unbelievably exciting. There's a whole lot of text. I had these fact sheets that came out. I think went to the media on all these executive orders. It's unbelievably exciting, but it's all coming in like right now. I think the actual official documents just got posted only minutes ago. So I haven't read. So you're an expert.

You're an expert is what you're saying. I know, well, we really put you on the spot. But, I mean, can you talk to me about a little bit of the history? What, I mean, first introduce yourself what the company does. And then maybe we can build up to some of the maybe problems or areas for improvement that the industry has been asking for. and then we'll kind of dig into what's happening today. Yeah, thanks. So the CEO of Radiance, a nuclear portable microreactor company.

We're focused on mass production of one megawatt reactors. We'd like to see 50 of those per year. And they've come up factory line and then go out to the customer wherever they are, run for five years and then come back and be refueled. So it's a very unique sort of model. And my background, before that I worked at SpaceX for 12 years. I worked on the first rocket with legs, amongst other really cool stuff for Elon,

but eventually focused on nuclear. And it's a really unique model that we've been trying to work. You know, a normal reactor is about 1 megawatts. The thing we're working on is 1 megawatt. It's got to be road transportable. We're trying to make the nuclear power that people want because the problem that we see with why we don't have all this nuclear technology today is really that there's not as many customers. But that is all completely turned around.

I don't know, in the past maybe just two years, right? With all these announcements of the big data center players coming in to buy nuclear, to restart old plants, to build new ones. and we've actually been fighting for a lot of regulatory reforms that we see as probably being necessary for our particular model. Yeah. Where you've got a, really a factory that makes reactors where you have assembly and you don't have any construction. And if you read the rules that are 50 years old, you get you hear about construction a whole lot. Yeah.

And so it's not really focused on or talking about the right sort of thing. So yeah, when we last spoke, you were working on the helium loop going to test at a dome in Idaho. How are things going? What have been the most recent updates for Radiant? Yeah, there's so unbelievable updates. Just a month ago, we were announced as one of just five companies who will get access to fuel from the Department of Energy. Something we would work on for a very long time. It's unbelievably exciting. When I started the company back in 2020, we said we would do a critical test with a reactor at full scale in 2026. We are on target to do that. And really, I mean, because of that announcement and the support that we're getting

from federal government. Another change just recently, you know, we've been working through a process they have at the national labs. We're working with Idaho National Laboratory. And the fun context that are here, they've tested actually 52 reactors in their history, although the last of which was in 1977. So it's been a while. I mean, we have a kind of old process.

Anybody, was there anybody that was a part of that last test that's still there? or is it all just kind of lore at this point? It is sort of lore. It is sort of lore for the new reactors, but there definitely are staff for their, you know, there are the advanced test reactor, the ATR reactors where they test all the Navy fuel. That's been operational for a very long time.

You can go tour it today, still operating. So there are definitely staff there who are very familiar with reactor operations and refueling. They also have a transient pulse test reactor, which is pretty amazing. Actually has an original core from the 1950s still running. and operating. I forget what the numbers are, but it pulls us into the several gigawatts range. So there's some expertise there, but certainly there are not people there from the early 1970s

anymore. Okay, I have the Wall Street Journal article pulled up. I want to read some of the key points and just get your reactions. So the high level is that Trump signed executive orders to boost nuclear power industry, citing the need to overhaul regulations and fast track licenses. A lot of this is driven by tech companies like Amazon and Google who are driving demand for nuclear power to support AI systems and data centers. There's an interesting wrinkle there where a lot of the hyperscalers made very aggressive ESG targets and climate pledges before they knew that they were going to need 50 gigawatts of capacity.

And so now they're really, really pushing for clean energy. The executive order aims to shorten approval times for new reactors, but critics worry about the impact of safety. Now, I want to talk to you about that balance between speed and time to market and safety. I wouldn't trust myself to design a nuclear reactor and get it approved in a day. But it feels like we haven't had a new reactor design approved in way too long. And so we're probably on the too slow side of the curve. But where should we be?

What is a reasonable amount of time to actually approve a new reactor design in your opinion? Yeah, I mean, probably on the shortest scale, it's got to be. something like six months. Like if I use that context I said earlier, 52 reactors in up till just 77, nuclear technology only existing since the mid-50s. That means they were doing more than two per year. Yeah. Yeah. Let's get back to that standard, right? Walk us through what, what, just as a citizen, not as an entrepreneur or founder or executive, as a citizen, what type of test do you actually think are the most valuable? Is this, I need a physicist to run all the numbers and spreadsheet and run simulations? Do we need to just fire this up in a place where even if it explodes,

we've seen that it didn't explode? And so we've done real word testing. Is it a balance of those? What kind of testing do you think is best that can be executed at speed? Yeah. Well, it's a great question. The best is immediate testing and incremental testing. And there's no reason that you necessarily need to go slower. You can regulate along with the speed with which you can do the design, the analysis, the procurement, the assembly of a reactor. If a company is willing to spend capital to take that financial risk, you know, the goal is don't put fuel in unless you get an approval. But there should be really zero barriers up until that point because there's no safety risk. But then when you get to that point of like, okay, now there is risk, we are going to load fuel

in. You do want someone to go and check your numbers and you want them to dig deeply and thoroughly. into what your reactor is and does and what the plan is. But the fact of the matter is when you load fuel, it's not anywhere near critical. You can look at subcritical multiplication factor that will trigger little sensors that are effectively, you know, something that sounds like a Geiger counter. We use fancier things today.

We use vision chambers. We use bore online proportional counters. You can do the analysis to show that you will get many, many counts per second, even with a very small amount of fuel loaded. Like let's say you construct one-sixth of your core. You can already validate models. and yet you are ridiculously far away from being able to go critical. Interesting.

They haven't even assembled the whole system, right? Yeah. So the FDA has similar approval timelines for new pharmaceutical drugs. But the reason that it takes a long time to approve a new pharmaceutical drug in America, it makes more sense to me because if I'm going to take a drug, I kind of want to know, hey, is it going to have an effect on me in 30 years? So maybe I want to see a mouse model or a monkey model or a dog model or even human testing over a long period of time. And sure, there's some acceleration there. We don't need to wait a full lifetime to approve a new drug. But there is an

element of time. Is there anything that's comparable to that in nuclear where the behavior of a system over a two-year time period is different than a behavior of a system over a two-hour period? Yeah, I think the most similar thing would be the effect of neutron fluence inside of the core. So if you hit some parts of your system with neutrons, they will generally swell up. Metallic parts swell up and their thermal conductivity will usually go down, their density goes down, but the physical shape of them changes. Sure. So you might have to test that in some special way to know what a 10-year lifespan looks like, right? Yeah, but a lot of these materials have been tested and there are these giant. data handbooks that it's very predictable.

So there's like the nuclear systems materials handbook, which is like put together in the 1970s. Actually just released finally through this lengthy process where we had a ton of help. We went and recovered this great national asset. It's now available for all reactor developers. That's amazing. Yeah. So they're pretty predictable effects.

So there's not, I would say there's really other than the effects of neutron fluence. There's nothing really that challenging. We plan to test right next year in the dome. that is a hermetic structure totally sealed with its own radionuclide detection in it. And so you can partially fuel a core and you can do it in a hermetically sealed chamber at a facility where it's surrounded by scientists, right? And experimental hot cells and other test facilities that would allow you to see what any problem is, solve any problem. But we are using all well-known standard materials.

Got it. Makes sense. were you is it funny to you that the news of Taiwan decommissioning their reactors hitting the same week that we're saying that we need more or is there something about Taiwan's as an island I read something about there being a bunch of you know enough earthquake activity in the area that like there was some potential reasoning around that but then I we also had someone else on who said we we have solutions for that at this point. It's not a risk that should require shutting it down

entirely. I don't know that these things are linked, actually. I think I'm behind on the Taiwan Reactor News. Those might have just been around for a long time. It might be coincidental. No, no, I'm not implying that they're linked. I was saying more that it's, it's, it's kind of ironic in the sense that like, you know, we have one one country saying we're shutting these things down meanwhile and they're less far less energy independent and Germany kind of doing the same thing it feels like some kind like some countries are following the american nuclear playbook from two decades ago and maybe they should be adopting the playbook from today and they need we just announced it today and yeah how how monumental is this for you were you like betting the company in some way

on eventually getting an administration that would like introduce an eo and like you know, try to bring about policy around us? I think, yeah, in a lot of ways. Absolutely. If you're working on something innovative, there's going to be regulatory gray areas. You have to know about those gray areas and manage the direction they're going in

to make sure that the vision that you have is the way that the administration or the regulatory agencies go so that you're not decoupled from reality, but you do have impact on that. And you actually, you know, you can't write down rules ahead of time for something that's not invented yet.

Right? So you do always take some risk in doing that, but I think it's actually pretty beautiful. You lay out a vision go like, imagine you have like a bunch of reactors. They're all built identical to one another. So they're super reliable. You deploy a whole fleet of them. They all stream data back continuously. We're in the modern world.

We're in the information age. Why can't all that data just stream to the regulator? Why can't it be completely modernized? Yeah. We've been talking about that for a while. And I think that has led to now that along with other. things that people have said have led to these sort of events where the administration goes, okay, we're going to actually go and support this.

Yeah. Last question from my side. Can you talk a little bit about how you see the market playing out? Obviously, there's some news about where we might be getting really big nuclear reactors at the one gigawatt scale. You're building at the one megawatt scale. Is there going to be a 10 gig, a 10 megawatt company, a 100 megawatt company? Is it a smooth curve?

same company and you just yeah or or maybe they're maybe they're bundled or broken down or scaled up or scaled down like where like how will this play out and and and who will do what i guess yeah well as a consumer what you want is for there to be two or more companies at each scale yeah right and yes there will be something at the portable microreactor scale maybe two two companies there at least and maybe that's one megawatt and smaller um if you are willing to put a reactor in the ground somewhere and pull the fuel out on that site and put it in a system you can make a bigger reactor. I call it a microreactor 10 megawatt scale so you want two companies there. You want two at the hundred megawatt. You want two or more at the gigawatt also because of different areas didn't need these amounts of power. So if you think about and we never think about these places. They're a remote place in the world. Like in Alaska you have over 150 disconnected microreactor locations or microgrid, sorry locations that could. use reactors. Canada has over 200 of these sort of areas. And these are coastal. You know, look at those land areas on the map. They're they're massive. They have a need for heat and for power.

They're extremely isolated. There isn't an actual grid. So you need a small system, right, on those types of regions. And if you put in a one gigawatt reactor somewhere, you had better have a lot of big power lines to move that power to enough customers to use that. Right. So on the two, extreme ends of the scale there's like pretty obvious use cases and then in the middle it's like if you don't want to wait years to upgrade the grid or it would be very expensive like a million dollar a mile or more up rates to power lines then you might go well hey we have this region where we're going to use 10 megawatts we can put a 10 megawatt reactor that's economical for us right without overcomplicating it or having to add power lines extending across states awesome well thank you so much for

popping on we'd love to have you back again and go even deeper congratulations on overnight success. The job's not finished, but I like this for you guys. Yeah, this is great. It's great news. Yeah, it's really exciting. I mean, one of the coolest things, they asked to reform the process that we're using at National Laboratories to test reactors. That's going to be extremely critical to us staying on our schedule. We will achieve going critical next year because of a lot of things happen today. That's great news. Thank you. Thanks for joining, Doug. We'll talk to you soon. Amazing milestone.

Cheers. Good luck. Talk to you soon. I wanted to pull up. We're going to stay on nuclear for a little bit. We're going long. We want to pull up Scott Nolan, my former colleague at Founders Fund, and the CEO of General Matter, a nuclear fuel refinement company, was in the White House.

I'm a CEO of General Matter. We're an American enrichment company trying to bring back the U.S. as lead in producing nuclear fuel. So just like car engines need fuel, nuclear reactors need fuel. Right now, the U.S. is completely dependent on other countries to make the key step of enrichment in this field. And these executive orders

are going to pave the way for the U.S. to regain its lead. So we really appreciate it. Would you be doing the AI plants because we have a lot of them going up now or soon going up and they need tremendous electricity? Are you going to be involved in many ways? Yes. Scott Nolan, CEO of General.

There we go. See it for Scott Nolan. Color temperature, a little bit off on that video. But otherwise, fantastic. Yeah, well, we have Saya from Ballard in the waiting room. We'll bring him in. Let's bring him in. Welcome to the stream.

He's been in the capital. Yeah, I think he was over there today in D.C. Let's bring him in. And he is building at the 10 megawatts skip. And so everyone's playing in the different market. Got to play. There he is. Thanks so much for calling in.

Can you give us the breakdown? How you doing? Doing really well. Thank you so much for having me on, guys. I'm actually just coming back from going live on a little upstart called Bloomberg TV. So, you know, it'll take a while for them to catch up to your stature. Yeah. It's kind of like a feeder.

It's kind of like a feeder system. Yeah, feeder system. Can you go horizontal with your phone? Yeah, yeah, sure. There you go. Yeah, that's right. A little feeder network for the technology brothers. Fantastic.

Great to be in the Temple Technology today. Yeah, it's good to have you. Break it down for us. We read kind of the highlights, but what were the key pieces of the EO, in your opinion? Yeah, listen, this is a total rewrite of the regulatory system in the United States for nuclear energy. Nuclear grew up in the U.S. with a total dominance of nuclear power in terms of U.S. strategy, right? So we had the only nuclear reactors in the world for a while. we piloted essentially every nuclear reactor architecture that there is. And we wanted to protect that edge and protect that advantage.

And so what we did is we built these high regulatory walls around the nuclear environment, hoping that nuclear wouldn't spread around the world. We wanted to protect this advantage. This is a natural instinct. I think it was a good instinct at the time. But the problem is that over time our competitors or geopolitical rivals built nuclear anyway. And where we are now is that these walls that we built to protect our advantage in the United States actually eroded our advantage and we ended up building, you know, a large wall around an empire of

dirt. And so today this is about bringing those barriers back down, allowing American entrepreneurs to build nuclear energy again. There's a couple really important things announced here. One is revitalizing the Department of Energy. So the Department of Energy was created to be a nuclear test agency. Not a lot of people realize this, but the DOE, we kind of imagine it to be this, you know, broad-based energy agency. And it is. But it was actually created to be a nuclear reactor test agency. And since it was created, it's only done that one time. And so this is about revitalizing that. And actually, President Trump has given a strong commission to the nuclear industry. He wants three test reactors critical on U.S. soil by July 4th, 2026, America's 250th birthday.

And just a few minutes ago, we announced with the governor of Utah for the first time that we're partnering with the governor to, you know, full charge, full steam at hitting that goal. turning on a reactor by July 4th, 2026 at the San Rafael Energy Test Center in Utah. So that's what we announced today. Congratulations. That's amazing news. Good luck. Thank you.

Overnight success. So, yeah, I mean, it seems like with any nuclear project, regulatory is always the main risk, the main rate limiting factor with regulatory out of the picture. Is this more of an engineering challenge now? Is it a manufacturing challenge? Like how do you wait the different challenges ahead for you to hit that deadline? That's absolutely right. Listen, you know, nuclear is a technology that we've been exploring for 70 years now.

We've done an enormous amount of physics around this. We've done an enormous amount of research. The thing that has stood in the way is one company deciding to be the SpaceX of nuclear, right, deciding to own nuclear energy, full verticalization from the design of reactors to construction, to manufacturing, to deployment, to operation. that's what Valor Atomics is attempting to do. There hasn't been a Ford of nuclear energy yet. There hasn't been a Tesla of nuclear energy yet.

There hasn't been a SpaceX. Valor Atomics is intending to be that company. And regulation has absolutely been the long pull in that tent. So this executive order is incredibly important. I think this is really going to set the tone for the next 100 years of energy dominance. If we're going to win on AI, on manufacturing, on supply chain, we're going to do it with a ton of cheap energy. Talk about the first product, 10 megawatts. Is that correct?

25 megawattelectric is our commercial model. Why did you sell there? Atomics is, yeah, we've gone out and we've really hit an ambitious milestone. I found it this company about 17 months ago. We were intending to go out and build our first prototype reactor in 18 months. We finished it in 16 months. This is a test reactor sitting in our Los Angeles facility today. We've operated above temperature, above pressure, not with uranium, not splitting atoms yet,

but with electrical simulation. And really what we proved is that it's possible. to build a nuclear reactor in under 18 months. Now that we've done that, we go and actually build it again in Utah and another one in the Philippines, and we actually load them with uranium for the first time, turn them on. After that, we go and build our commercial model, which is this 25 megawatt unit and build thousands of them around the world. Very cool.

Jordi, anything else? Sounds pretty simple. Just draw the rest of the owl. Yeah. Just draw the rest of the owl. Yeah. We make thousands of nuclear reactors. We make trillions of dollars.

I'm very excited. It's a good day and energy. Yeah, I mean, it's fantastic. I, I, you know, we were just talking with Doug from, from Radiant. And in many ways, like, if you started a nuclear company at any point in history, be rough. You were betting on activity like we're seeing today and action. And so super validating for, for you guys that had to get looked at like you were crazy

in a bunch of pitch meetings early. Because it feels like one of those things were like culturally, I think in 2020, people started kind of waking up to like, hey, wait, nuclear is pretty cool and probably good and we probably want more reactors, not less. And then companies that, you know, have started picking up. How important is it for you to vertically integrate into the actual productive use of the energy? It feels like there's so much demand for energy. You could just become a mass manufacturing for nuclear reactors. And that would be enough of a business. when we talked last time about a year ago, you were talking about generating fuel out of the air

with this energy, but it feels like you might just want to let the free market decide what the best and highest use of the energy is. Is there still a plan to do something with the energy that you own and control and decide? Or is it just like, let's just make as many nuclear reactors as possible right now? Yeah, you know, one of the core realizations of Veller is that there are some products that the market actually doesn't know how to buy. So I think this is one of the most important realizations that Elon had with SpaceX, which is that if you're going to make a rocket company that makes really good rockets, you also need to fly them.

You can't just build a rocket. You have to fly them too. And the reason is that the customer actually doesn't know how to fly the rocket. A small sat company, a telecom company, doesn't know how to fly a Falcon 9. And so it turns out the best way to use a Falcon 9 is to actually own the entire operational cadence and then you sell products like kilograms to orbit and internet connectivity. Right. So that's that's the right way, you know, to think about these really, really complex technologies. Nuclear reactors are like this as well. So yeah, when we think about building lots

of reactors, we think about building them on these very large energy campuses. And then we sell energy, right? We sell energy not, not nuclear reactors. That might mean energy to AI data centers. Absolutely. It means hydrogen and it means eventually synthetic fuels, right? If we can make a synthetic fuel cheaper than diesel, cheaper than gasoline, we can actually become, you know, the energy company of the world, right? Because the majority of the energy today is in a hydrocarbon format. So that's kind of the core realization that we had when starting dollar. Very cool. Well, good luck. Thanks for calling in. Yeah, huge day. Huge day. Congratulations. Congratulations. We'll talk to everyone. We'll talk to the whole world tour.

Four hours now. I guess we just hit four hours. Anything else we need to cover before. we get out of here. I think breaking news, John. What's that? It's the weekend. It's the weekend. And as always, our board has been very explicit about this. Leave us five stars on Apple podcast and Spotify. Or less if you don't feel like it. Yeah, just review us. This far, you're four hours in. I'm guessing we earn that five stars. So just do it. Everybody have a great Memorial Day weekend. We actually won't have a Monday show. Yeah, we're moving into the new studio. Yep. will be back in full force in the new studio in the temple on Tuesday. We're excited.

Cheers. Have a great weekend. Have a good one. Bye.