TED Talks Daily - How farmworkers are fighting extreme heat | Jon Esformes and Gerardo Reyes Chávez

Episode Date: July 13, 2024

Farm labor is hot, backbreaking and dangerous work. To protect workers from extreme heat and workplace exploitation, farmworker Gerardo Reyes Chávez has teamed up with farm manager Jon Esformes for a unique partnership. Learn how their collaborative model is keeping farmworkers safe and creating a blueprint for more modern, humane working conditions for the world's laborers.

TED Audio Collective. You're listening to TED Talks Daily, where we bring you new ideas to spark your curiosity every day. I'm your host, Elise Hu. When we think about protecting workers from dangerous conditions, I first think of industrial accidents. But these days, especially for farmworkers, one of the most dangerous conditions to contend with

is extreme heat. Putting the humanity of farmers and farmworkers first is at the heart of today's talk from farmer John S. Forms and farmworker advocate Gerardo Reyes Chavez. How they're keeping farmworkers and our food safe is coming up after the break, but please note that this episode contains some mature language.

Support for this show comes from Airbnb. If you know me, you know I love staying in Airbnbs when I travel. They make my family feel most at home when we're away from home. As we settled down at our Airbnb during a recent vacation to Palm Springs, I pictured my own home sitting empty. Wouldn't it be smart and better put to use welcoming a family like mine by hosting it on Airbnb? It feels like the practical thing to do, and with the extra income, I could save up for renovations to make the space even more inviting for ourselves and for future guests. Your home might be worth more than you think. Find out how much at Airbnb.ca slash host. AI keeping you up at night?

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At the University of British Columbia, we believe that they can. Dr. Johanna Sam and her team are researching how both Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth cope with cyber aggression, working to bridge the diversity gap in child psychology research. At UBC, our researchers are answering today's most pressing questions. To learn how we're moving the world forward, visit ubc.ca forward happens here. And now, our TED Talk of the day. Well, Gerardo and I are here today as a farmer and a farm worker to share with you how we turned decades of conflict into a collaborative partnership and positioned ourselves to meet the challenges of climate change.

Gerardo, it's great to be here with you today in this air-conditioned auditorium, not our normal workplace in the fields of South Florida. This place is definitely nice, John. I'm really glad to be here today, especially because of what we are here to talk about. You know, talking about what we have done to make sure that the fields are safer and more humane for workers, it's a very important thing to me personally.

Because when we first started our partnership 14 years ago, I was working harvesting watermelons in northern part of the state, in Florida, near Alabama. And when we were working there, I almost lost my best friend to heat. I remember this as if it happened yesterday. It was the beginning of summer, before noon, but temperatures were already in the 90s, so it was hot as hell. As farm workers, we were harvesting watermelons like we usually do. We were playing back and forward to not think about how hard the work was. When suddenly, my best friend, someone I consider my brother, collapsed in front of me. Unconscious and unmoving, except for occasional spasms.

That was very scary for all of us. and unmoving, except for occasional spasms. That was very scary for all of us. We tried to call an ambulance. Reception was limited. We tried to call him as much as we could and protect him from the sun with our own shirts. We used water and placed that on top of him. But those were very scary moments. Locally, he came to once the ambulance arrived.

I went with him to the hospital. There, they said that he had severe dehydration and gave him an IV. We were back with the crew within a few hours. And the next day, we went back to work. But the fear we all felt that day was all too real, too close, and too personal. That's why this conversation is so important to me. Today, I'm proud to work with the Coalition of Immokalee Workers, or CIW,

a farmworker-based human rights organization in Immokalee, Florida, that protects workers from dangerous and abusive conditions. An organization I joined 25 years ago when I came to the United States to work in the fields. For the next decade, we were organizing in a campaign, the Campaign for Fair Food, asking corporations to sign legally binding agreements that eventually led us to this collaboration. But it wasn't until 2010 when we finally came together, farmworkers and farmers, following nearly two decades of bitter conflict in a groundbreaking new human rights enforcement program called the Fair Food Program, or FFP.

In the 14 years since its inception, our program has leveraged the massive market power of 14 of the largest retail food corporations in the world to empower farm workers to identify problems and report them when they happen. To protect workers and give the program's human rights standards real teeth. The FFP harness this massive market power of buyers and reward growers who respect the workers' rights. Stop buying from farms where workers were being mistreated. With those new market incentives in place, the results were spectacular. Before long,

the worst abuses stopped altogether, and the Fair Food Program was called the best workplace environment in American agriculture on the front page of the New York Times. Our program, among other things, keeps farm workers safe from heat stress where temperatures regularly climb well over 95 degrees. We're speaking with you today because in 2022, we came up with comprehensive and enforceable standards with a plan for heat stress illness

prevention and response. That was added into the FFP to protect workers from that heat. The standards the Washington Post recently called America's strongest workplace heat rules. But make no mistake, conditions outside the Fair Food Program are still rough. On a good day, farm labor is hard, back-breaking, and dangerous work for too little pay or protection. And on a bad day, workers face outrageous abuses, from wage theft and sexual harassment to forced labor, and heat stroke. Why? Because workers are afraid of speaking up.

Because when they speak up, they will be fired or worse. Fear of retaliation has kept many workers from speaking up in the face of gross exploitation and abuse for generations. Farm workers, like all outdoor workers, are the canneries in our collective coal mine as we face the growing real consequences of climate change. If we are to protect the most vulnerable workers, the most essential workers,

from the deadly heat and exploitation, we need to change the relationship between workers and their employers. We know the only way to do that is by collaborating together. And now, back to the episode. Brother, I'm always in awe of your story and the distance we've traveled. It's hard to imagine that our first cup of coffee 14 years ago led to this collaboration and this partnership. Two hours of hanging out and we broke through decades of conflict, but it always wasn't easy, was it? It was not easy at all but I'm really glad we were able to sit at that table

and talk when we started these conversations. Two months of lawyers negotiating an NDA just so we could meet and there lies a problem. An entire culture built up to keep employees and employers apart. An us-and-them attitude that my friend Greg Asbed fondly calls our separate foxholes. After that meeting, we boarded the same boat and started rowing together.

My path was different than her are those. I grew up working in packing houses and farms as a kid and then later as a young man. Along the way, I developed a liking for booze and dope, which led me deep into addiction, costing me my career, my family, and very nearly my life. After several years, I was one of the fortunate, and I found recovery. In my early sobriety, I did the work required through the steps of Alcoholics Anonymous, and it was that work and those lessons which opened my eyes to the world

and helped me to understand the intentional blindness and deafness that I had been a part of. To be clear, I'm a 61-year-old guy who was once part of a problem, and now I try to be part of the solution. We're all guilty of this blindness, this blindness and this deafness. Anyone in this room asked before you came to the event

whether this was a green building? No one? That's a question. I know I didn't. What's powering these lights and the air conditioning? And hearing the facts, are we willing to do anything about it, or do we just need it to work? That's the blindness I'm referring to. You know, one of the best lessons I ever had was hearing that if I'm having a conversation with myself, I'm in very, very bad company. This collaboration, Harar, though, keeps me from having those conversations by myself.

So thank you for that. In 2010, when we partnered, a lot of folks said we were crazy. And maybe we were. I mean, farmers and farm workers together, coming together to ensure a fair and safe workplace. That's nuts. Within a few months, the evidence was clear that the program worked and the culture on the farms was changing. I want to share a quick story about what this has meant to my farms and operations. In 2017, Hurricane Irma hit South Florida, came ripping through, destroying communities

in its path. Everything, nothing was immune, whether it was fancy hotels on the beach, homes, businesses. The day after Irma hit the farm and hit all of South Florida, with the businesses reeling and homes destroyed, our workers showed up at the farm the very next day wanting to know what needed to be done. These are folks who lost their homes. These are folks who didn't know where their next hot meal was gonna come from, worried about what the farm needed.

I need you all to take that in, because I'm getting chills right now with that memory. That was a powerful day for us. We'd had the evidence of this collaboration working, but in that moment, it was very clear. We were in the boat together, and we were rowing together. And that farm was everybody's farm and everybody's livelihood. Within three days, that farm was cleaned up and replanted, weeks before power was restored to the general

area. That experience in the face of catastrophe proves the power of partnership to meet and prevail over any challenge. So let's talk about challenges. Folks, the world ain't warming. The world is hot. Just a couple of days ago, the General Secretary of the United Nations said the world is on a highway to climate hell. There's been reports that over the last 12 months, each of the last 12 months was the hottest month on record. Pick any April.

This April was the hottest month on record. Just this past May in Manatee County, where one of my large farms is in Central Florida, recorded its hottest month on record in the midst of the spring harvest. Temperatures were regularly above 90 degrees with heat indexes over a hundred. Guess what? Our mandatory 10-minute breaks every two hours, our buddy system, our supervisor and worker training,

our unrestricted access to shade and cold water, our water infused with electrolytes, because guess what, folks? The science says electrolytes helps replace what the body needs. Those all worked. We kept people safe and tomatoes got picked. You know, Gerard, though, one of the most gratifying experiences to come from our partnership is the expansion of the Fair Food Program and the interest in the model that comes from all over the world.

Some of my best days are spent talking to Scottish and Chilean fishermen and the interest in the model that comes from all over the world. Some of my best days are spent talking to Scottish and Chilean fishermen who visited us with a desire to replicate what we've built for their unique challenges. From tomatoes to flowers to seafood, we've created the basis for real and sustainable change. Partnership and collaboration are the only hope we have if we're going to survive climate change. So we all better get out of the fucking foxholes and get into the same boat and start rowing. And by the way, we're going to need a bigger boat.

You're absolutely right, John. Although it was a little hard to understand that delegation that came from Scotland. But they were very lovely. And we are really excited that this collaboration is ongoing. And we're going to need a bigger boat, but we are also going to need more people on that boat with us. Why?

Because the Fair Food Program has become the blueprint for a 21st century human rights revolution. This is a new model for human rights enforcement born in the fields of South Florida, once known as Ground Zero for modern day slavery. The program is now being adapted to the garment sector in Bangladesh and Lesotho, and it continues to grow in multiple industries across the globe in five continents so far. Our work together is a testament that change is possible.

We dream that transforming conflict into collaboration in other industries with this same model, empowering more workers to become the frontline monitors of their own rights, just like we did in the fields, doing that is going to help us create a more modern, more humane world for millions of workers across the globe. I'm confident that if more people join in this with us,

we can transform many realities. And for all of that, for this opportunity, I want to say thank you. Thank you. Support for this show comes from Airbnb. If you know me, you know I love staying in Airbnbs when I travel. They make my family feel most at home when we're away from home. As we settled down at our Airbnb during a recent vacation to Palm Springs,

I pictured my own home sitting empty. Wouldn't it be smart and better put to use welcoming a family like mine by hosting it on Airbnb? It feels like the practical thing to do, and with the extra income, I could save up for renovations to make the space even more inviting for ourselves and for future guests. Your home might be worth more than you think. Find out how much at Airbnb.ca slash host. That was John S. Forms and Gerardo Reyes Chavez speaking at TED's Countdown Dilemma series on the future of food in 2024. If you're curious about TED's curation,

find out more at TED.com slash curation guidelines. And that's it for today. TED Talks Daily is part of the TED Audio Collective. This episode was produced and edited by our team, Martha Estefanos, Oliver Friedman, Brian Green, Autumn Thompson, and Alejandra Salazar. It was mixed by Christopher Faisy-Bogan. Additional support from Emma Taubner,

Daniela Balarezo, and Will Hennessey. I'm Elise Hugh. I'll be back tomorrow with a fresh idea for your feed. Thanks for listening. Looking for a fun challenge to share with your friends and family? TED now has games designed to keep your mind sharp while having fun. Visit TED.com slash games to explore the joy and wonder of TED games.