TED Talks Daily - Sunday Pick: The Data Center Next Door with Dr. Jacoby Wilson | from TED Tech

Episode Date: June 14, 2026

Imagine if one day, your quiet neighborhood came alive with a steady hum… and it never went away? All throughout the United States, data centers are popping up next door and in your backyards. These buildings guzzle millions of water, cause noise pollution, and are raising homeowners’ utility bills. In this first episode of a four-part miniseries, Sherrell interviews environmental health scientist Dr. Jacoby Wilson on what happens when data centers infiltrate a neighborhood. They discuss why data centers disproportionately undermine working class communities and how Dr. Wilson is working developing ordinances to better regulate data centers and holding planning commissions accountable.Talk featuredHow to build an equitable and just climate future | Peggy Shepard Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Happy Sunday, y'all, Elise Hugh here. Today we're bringing you a Sunday pick, where we share an episode of another podcast from TED, handpicked by us for you. Imagine if one day your quiet neighborhood came alive with a steady hum, and it never went away. All throughout the U.S., data centers are popping up next door

and in your backyards, and these buildings guzzle millions of gallons of water, cause noise pollution that doesn't stop, and are raising homeowners' utility buildings. Today, I'm sharing a special episode from the TED Tech podcast, the first of a four-part series happening on TED Tech, where host Sherell Dorsey talks with scientists, organizers, and local leaders to uncover what AI's infrastructure is really doing to our water, our power grid, and the people who are already living with the consequences.

In this episode, you'll hear from environmental health scientist Dr. Jacoby Wilson on what happens when data centers infiltrate a neighborhood. They discuss why data centers disproportionately undermine working class communities and how Dr. Wilson is developing ordinances to better regulate data centers and hold planning commissions more accountable. You can hear the other episodes of this series on data centers on TED Tech wherever you get your podcasts or at podcast.com. Now on to the episode after a short break. Somewhere in your city, or maybe just outside of it, there's a building you've probably never thought about. No windows, no sign, and inside, no people.

No traces of life. Instead, this building houses rows and rows of servers, stretching ceiling to floor, cooled by enough water to serve thousands of homes. It pulls power from the grid 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And every time you run an AI query, stream a movie, or send a message to a friend, that building wakes up a little more. Lately, more and more of us have been waking up to an uncomfortable truth. The cloud isn't just an intangible product of the digital age. In fact, the cloud has an address, which means it has neighbors.

And it's time we meet them. This is TED Tech, a podcast from TED. I'm your host, Shirel Dorsey. We talk a lot about AI here on TED Tech, but this month we're looking at the physical house AI lives in, the data center. Data centers have been around as long as the internet itself, but they've never garnered this much attention or this much controversy.

We've seen the headlines. Your neighborhood data center will impact your electric grid, your water system, your utility bill. And yet, with the rise of AI, this is what it takes to maintain the technology that has made an irreversible impact on the way we live and work, even as the cost gets heavier and heavier. This is a story about AI infrastructure. But really, it's a story about who decides the price of innovation and who ends up paying it. This month, TED Tech is traveling across the country to learn about what's happening on the ground as data centers expand, entering more communities. We'll look at power, literally and figuratively.

What happens when electric grids can't keep up? What can communities do about a crisis they didn't create? We'll also hear about potential solutions and explore what those possibilities can look like. Let's get into it. Prince George's County, Maryland, majority black, one of the wealthiest black communities in the country. Tree-lined streets, good schools, people who built something here and have been fighting to protect it. On the edge of the beltway, there's an empty lot where a mall used to be, 90 acres. The county approved plans to turn it into a massive data center complex without community input.

So residents pushed back. A petition gathered more than 22,500 signatures. Dozens rallied out the site. County Executive Aisha Braveboy convened a task force. That task force published its findings in November 2025. Residents said it buried the real story, the air quality, the water, the energy costs, the civil rights implications. So they wrote their own report titled The People's Report. The site's fate is still unresolved.

The activism on display from PG County residents reminds me of a TED talk from environmental activist Peggy Shepard. Peggy is co-founder and executive director of the not-for-profit we act for environmental justice. She's seen stories like this unfold time and time again in communities of color across the country. It should be no surprise that every community should have a right to a clean environment.

Yet some are sacrifice zones. Sacrifice zones, communities living on the front lines of pollution and environmental hazards. Now, this is a story about communities in crisis. Mostly, these are communities of black and brown and indigenous peoples. It's often a story of low-income communities, but race.

Race is the decisive factor. Now, studies show that an average, middle income black family with an $87,500 income is likely to live with more pollution than a white family making $22,500 a year. Now, my organization, We Act for Environmental Justice works within a movement of hundreds of environmental justice groups here and abroad to address the disproportionate impact of pollution born by our communities. So I'm talking about environmental justice, which is a civil rights and a human rights analysis of environmental decision making with a focus on the permitting. The permitting process that gives polluters permission to pollute within a regulatory standard for air, water, and soil.

Now, these permits, they're an allowance that sacrifices the help of community residents. Peggy gave this talk at TED Countdown way back in 2022. This was long before data centers took over the headlines. But what stuck with me is this phrase she keeps using. Sacrifice zones. And like Peggy said, not everyone experiences this equally. Communities experience environmental hazards and pollution, exposure in diverse ways. In urban areas, mobile sources, contaminated sites, they're really the challenge.

Government's generally manage the infrastructure of pollution. But in smaller cities and rural areas, industrial and oil refineries, landfills and incinerators, they're usually the problem. And in places like Texas and California, there may be no zoning laws that separate industrial facilities from residential backyards. Peggy's framing doesn't come from a think tank or policy paper. It comes from decades of watching the same decisions get made over and over again in communities that never got a seat at the table. So environmental racism and injustice results from a complex legacy of housing segregation, land use and zoning discrimination, and from unequal enforcement and policies.

Now, decades ago, policies such as redlining, denied homeland, to people of color and to certain communities. And this government policy reinforced racial segregation in cities and diverted investments away from those communities, creating large disparities in home ownership, as well as urban heat environments of few trees and no open space. So today, we're still living out the legacy of those racist policies. In 2026, that legacy looked at

a little different. No smokestacks this time. No rail yard. Just a building drawing power and water around the clock to keep the AI economy running implemented by a powerful new industry. But ultimately, the behavior is the same. Powerful business interests taking advantage of historic disenfranchisement to quietly implement their agenda. Communities within one mile of data centers tend to be disproportionately communities of color, according to the environmental justice data and governance initiative. They also face levels of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and diesel pollution above the national median. Nearly half of all data center facilities nationally are located in census tracks where poverty is above the national median. Understanding this context,

the headlines coming out of Prince George's County seriously caught my attention. This is the latest place to be facing this possibility, but they're also fighting against it. So to better understand what's going on, I reached out to someone who is watching this issue unravel in real time. Hi, I'm Dr. Chicoby Wilson. I'm a professor at the University of Maryland of School of Public Health.

I'm an environmental health scientist, and I do science as a search of people, other people, for the people and body people. Dr. Wilson and his colleagues did something that almost never happens in these fights. They showed up early, collected rigorous data that confirmed concerns of environmental harm, and handed that research back to the community. Residents then partnered with the NAACP to produce the People's Report, a community-driven analysis of the impact of data centers in Prince George's County.

The document was released in March, It's a counter to the county's own findings, which residents say buried the true environmental costs of data centers. The fight continues to unfold in PG County, and the stakes remain high. So I started our conversation by asking Dr. Wilson what a sacrifice zone looks like in 2026. Now we're talking about digital sacrifice zones. Okay. We're talking about digital sacrifice zones. So when you think about what are the impacts, their externalities that people,

experiencing. So you think about air quality. When you have a gas turbine being used as a, you know, the power source, you're, you have, that's methane. You're burning gas. You got combustion byproducts like particulate matter, dust in the air. You have voltagonautic compounds. So you think about you, you got your new car, right, the new car smell. I always tell people to hold your breath. VOCs, right? Not supposed to breathe that stuff in. You have sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide. All these pollutants are harmful to your health, particular amounted by itself. can elevate your blood pressure, impact birth. So outcomes, so infant mortality, birth defects, low birth weight babies.

That whole complex of pollution can impact health. Then you have the water quality impacts. They're using millions of gallons of water to cool these facilities. You have thermal pollution. You have chemical contaminants. And then you also have this fight between local residents and the data centers for water. So it's just not a water quality issue. It's a water quantity issue.

Okay. Then you have the issues of energy jobs. You got folks in this country right now who have to choose between paying for their energy bill, paying for the medicine, paying for that food. They're dealing with energy poverty. Now, we subsidize these data centers. They get in corporate welfare, right? We subsidize them and bring them in. And then as a rate payer, if they're on your grid, we're subsidizing them on the grid.

They get double welfare. What is emerging from this topic at large is this proliferation that you've described as also a civil rights issue. How do you go from, you know, server racks that are powering or day-to-day technology use into this now being a civil rights issue? I want to connect the threat. So environmental justice movement is a childless civil rights movement. So we're talking about people's rights when it comes to decision-making, right? So when you're making decisions about where a data center goes, just like we make decisions on where an incinerator went, where the power plant went, where the new highway is going to go, in many cases, those are. who are most impacted are not in the room making decisions.

So they may have been elected officials who are making decisions on behalf of the citizenry and what's happening in the space, data, and space, a lot of these folks are signing NDAs. So mayors, county officials, they're signing NDAs, and a part of this, okay, we want to make sure proprietary information involved in data center and type of technology

that's being used is protected. But at the same time, it creates a lack of transparency, right? you as a legislator as a county official as a mayor you represent the people not the industry but with these nDAs and lack of transparency we're violating the right of representative justice to make sure the company's voices heard in decision making so this all connects back to civil rights this all connects to the rights of the people this all connects back to how a democracy is supposed to work and it's undemocratic if you have a lack of transparency and decisions being made by those will be most impacted decisions have to be the most impacted decisions have to have I have no idea what's happening. Then all of a sudden, there's a new data center that's been built in their neighborhood, and it had no voice in process. So I want to dive into the People's Report. Can you tell us about the People's Report and why this research actually needed to exist? I was part of a team that helps to write the People's Report.

So the People's Report was developed in response to the Task Force report, accounting a task report on data science. So in that task force report, they made its data center sound like they'll be great. And part of the playbook is when we think about any type of industrial development, they always leave with, there's going to be so many jobs produced, right? And I say it's economic development. I always say capitalized a CON and economic development. It's a con job. Because in most cases, when you think about the jobs, and we had a data center of discussion,

we actually had folks who actually helped to build hyper-scale data centers who were talking. It was great to really learn about how they really built this whole process. But what I was stated was, and as I was stating, in the construction phase, you have a lot of jobs. In the operation phase, you don't have that many jobs. And one person at the data center meeting that I attended said it, compared to McDonald's. There's more jobs at your local McDonald's than at the data center. That was pretty powerful. What it means is there's not a lot of economic revenue.

There's not a lot of jobs. There's not a living waste jobs that are coming. coming to the community. So that's why the report was developed to be really in response to fill the gaps in what was missing or excluded from the task force report. And to that end, Dr. Wilson, I'd like to learn a little bit more around how you all conducted the research, you know, who you spoke with, data that you gathered. How did you really make sure that the community's voice shape some of the findings of the report rather than sort of just appearing in the footnotes? Yeah, so part of the environmentalist's work, for those you know the framework, is really make sure that the people's voice, right, representative justice, community speaks with their own voice. So there were listening sessions, surveying that occurred to really engage those residents who were most impacting, working with coalition members, you know, organizers to really make sure that we develop the right questions. And, you know, that would really be responsive to the gaps, but responsive to the concerns of the community. So there was a lot of engagement that

occurred with those front-line, fence-line organizations, those organizers, the residents who have voiced their concerns about the data center issue and being caught off guard by it again. You know, this came out of nowhere and folks were really shocked by it, right? So we engaged those people on the ground and the leadership, the community leadership, to make sure that the report was more responsive than the initial task force report. And what were some of the aspects of the report that really surprised you? Was there certain numbers that stood out? certain patterns that stood out or any stories that emerged that kind of stopped you in your tracks?

I think some of the concerns that folks raised, I think were very interesting concerns. People don't want data centers. I think what came out of that is folks are not just worried about the environmental impacts or other externalities, but they're also concerned about, you know, living in a digital sacrifice zone. They're also concerned about the security state, the monitoring state, like George Orwell's 1984, you know, big brother. and how that could impact them. I think there's some larger concerns about AI in general and folks are concerned about AI.

That's the whole connection to AI and generative AI, some of the algorithm stuff. So I think that's an unoccurring as well. People's concern about AI and technology kind of running amok, getting back to the economic argument. There's this concern that if we have more data centers to support AI, then we're just accelerating job loss. Because we've heard from the tech pros that AI is going to change the way we work, right?

There's going to be fewer jobs. It's going to be more automation. In general, we see more automation in our factories. It's going to be less need for certain sectors, certain occupations. So folks are also concerned about that, right? So I think you have all that kind of baked in to some of the concerns that were captured and just some of the general concerns that people have about data centers and AI. Can you talk a little bit about maybe how that partnership came together?

Like, why did it make sense for the NACP to get involved? Progress we make in this country is always on the backs of black and brown folks, right? And so they as an organization, they had the forefront of that fight for justice and civil rights, voting rights, right, environmental justice. And so they were brought in to provide some report on this effort to fight the data center because we've been working with them to fight. to fight data centers and other parts of the country and we've been working together since last summer

to do air quality monitoring and advocacy work around the Colossus Data Center AXR Data Center Elon Musk facility Colossus 1 which is in Southwest Memphis and Colossus 2 which is in South Pacific

Colossus Data Center in Southwest Memphis is in the primary black community you see all this stuff in the news about what's happening with the redistricting and the Jerryman in that fight so that's what you see in South so LCP has been part of that fight So they've been a partner, so they were brought in to help us with this report and help us raise these issues nationally.

And so frank works how we should move forward by having authentic and meaningful engagement, authentic and meaningful involvement of those residents have been most impacted. We've seen this story before. We have been here before. Black folk, brown folk have been here before with industrial revolution stuff, with industrial hazards. They don't want to see it repeated with data centers. Please kind of help us to understand this NWACP is kind of, you know, coming in, you know, from the civil rights perspective, addressing these like zoning economic development issues.

What does this tell us about how power is operating here? It tells us that power is operating the way it always operates, right? In my opinion, I would say that you have a, you know, it's always this kind of job's environment argument, right? Oh, we are a poor community. we need jobs and the people you elect they have these people who come to them about these opportunities and they start whispering sweet nothing's in their air it's the same-o same-o and then the community gets sold a bill of goods oh you can get all these jobs in the end because they have a weak benefit benefits agreement that's not real jobs it's not living waste jobs it's not jobs going to address the

wealth gap right it's not jobs you're going to create opportunity it's not jobs you're able to have real air property gift to your kids right so your kids can be better than you so it's not in a intergenerational justice, intergenerational economic justice, right? So it's the same thing that happens time and time again. And I think folks are just over it. And I mean, you think about what we are in the country right now. The erosion of, you know, the American dream, data centers are part of that because we're targeting communities for these data centers.

They're the avenue of least resistance. No, I really appreciate that. I think especially because we do know that, you know, businesses, but particularly sometimes the tech industry can respond with this idea that community benefit agreements or promises around energy efficiencies or workforce development programs sort of trump potentially some of the issues that might be associated with these facilities. But respond to that quick before you go on. If you are bringing an outside workers, right, that's not from the local community. You got to train them first so to do that work. So you're not going

train those folks. You're bringing it outside. So for example, I mean, this is just a separate example. My father, who's passed, my father was a pipe fitter, right? So when I was looking at the public health impacts of fracking in Maryland, we've been fracking in Maryland some years ago, I was in West Virginia doing research on the environmental impacts of fracking and the social impacts of fracking. My dad was in the man camp building a pipeline. Wow.

Did that money stay in West Virginia? No, I'm from Mississippi, y'all. That money was sent back home in Mississippi. But it's similar. You bring these folks in their expertise to build the operating facility, and it's built and that's construction phase, then they lead. That money doesn't cycle 20, 30 times in that community.

So that's part of the law that's been sold to politicians and the policies are selling to the residents and also on the community Memphis Agreement, what ends up happening is folks will get a soccer field, they get some T-shirts, I call it getting turkeys and trinkets. They're not getting real benefits, right? So that's both a representative justice issue

in this discussion we're talking about is also a distributional justice. You know, we want to minimize the harms and maximize the benefits. Most of the benefits are going to the politicians. Some benefits may be going to the counties, but limited benefits go to the actual the fence line community who's hosting the operation, who's been impacted by the air pollution, who's being impacted by the water pollution, right? So they're internalizing all the externalities, but they're not getting any of the benefits. So that's a distributional justice issue again.

Now, Dr. Wilson, if a community somewhere else in this country is watching data center proposals start to move through their local government right now, what should they be doing this week to get organized or to be ready to ask critical questions? Yeah, I think they should look at our joint report with NWCP, our data center report. It will be great. You can go to CEEJH.org to download the report. There's a number of recommendations about, you know, related to air quality, water quality, energy issues. But I would say talk to your mayor, your county executive, the county council, your planning commission has a huge role in pushing these data centers or any type of industrial development through. So I would say try to get a moratorium in first and then work with the folks in leadership to make sure there's a data center ordinance. And it makes sure that ordinance covers the types of data centers that you want to bring in. The size of data centers, like we do not want hyper-scale data centers in our community. So you have some frameworks, some restrictions, some boundaries on the types of data centers.

They're setback distances, right? The type of water they use, ensuring that they use renewables, making sure they're not going to add to the heat issues. So any climate impacts. Make sure they also have monitoring, addressing tax subsidy reform that they cannot tax breaks, you know, subsidize it now. So there's a number of things you can do to put into the ordinance or into the county's, development plan. This may be putting us in the comprehensive plan. In the master plan for your county or your city, having some

language in the code about data centers. So baking and end, so if the unduly center that comes in, then you're not going to get caught off guard. So just to recap, talk to your local officials, making sure they know what you want to see, having a moratorium, developing the ordinance, and adding some language in your comprehensive plan or your master plan

that pertains to development around data centers. And also holding your plan to commission accountable because a lot of these behind-door deals and the lack of transparency happens because of the planning commission in your community. You know, as we close, you know, you spent your career at this intersection of science and policy as well as community advocacy. What gives you hope that this fight is winnable? Oh, yeah, thanks. That's a great question. I know I talked about environmental justice in this conversation. I talked a lot about these issues from perspective of black folk, brown folk.

I do a lot of work, you know, supporting communities of color and doing empowerment science, liberation science, right, that focuses on those populations. But data center fight, you know, data centers don't know, across racial lines, across class lines, you know, religious lines, political lines. They're folks to fight in data centers all across the country. People are winning. I mean, you've got to celebrate the fact that people are organizing and coming them together around data centers.

It's an issue. It's a bridge issue. It's a great organizing issue. It's a great issue to get people out to vote and show, like, the people. power of your vote. So that's what gives me hope that folks are fighting back. People are winning against data centers around the country. And we can use as a tool as an opportunity to show what America is really about. Coming together, regardless of your race, your class, your creed, your religion, your language, all those things that divide us, those things are actually things that

make us stronger together. So that's the message I like to leave the audience. We are so grateful to have you in this conversation and to have your expertise also here at the table and on the TED Tech podcast. And we are looking forward to just continuing to see how this storyline continues to expand. So thank you for your time. Thank you. That was Dr. Chicobe Wilson, director of the Center for Engagement, Environmental Justice, and Health at the University of Maryland. This is the first episode in our special series on data centers, the physical infrastructure powering the AI economy and the communities being asked to host it.

Next week, we're heading to Memphis, Tennessee, where residents are fighting a different version of the same fight. That's our show. Thanks for listening. Ted Tech is a podcast from TED. This episode was produced by Rahima Nasa. Our editor is Alejandra Salazar, and the show is fact-checked by Julia Dickerson. Special thanks to Consanza, Galardo,

Danielle, Bellaresso, Maria Ladias, Tanzika, Sangmanivon, and Roxanne Highlash. If you're enjoying the show, make sure to subscribe and leave us a review so other people can find us too. I'm Cheryl Dorsey. Let's keep digging into the future. Join me next week for more.